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Abstract Introduction Surgery, even on an elective-basis, often induces significant stress in patients, characterized by preoperative anxiety and heightened stress levels due to anticipation of the unknown. However, the primary objective of preoperative counseling is to mitigate these concerns, particularly when delivered in a structured and comprehensive manner. While previous research has highlighted the beneficial impact of preoperative counseling on patient-reported outcomes, none have specifically explored the implementation of a structured checklist-based approach during counseling sessions. To bridge this gap in the literature, our study aims to investigate the effects of implementing a checklist-based structured counseling approach on patient-reported outcomes following elective surgery. Methods In this prospective cohort study conducted over one year from January to December 2023, a total of 600 patients undergoing elective surgery across three specialties—orthopedic surgery, general surgery, and urology—were examined. The patients were divided into two groups: an intervention group consisting of 300 patients and a control group with an equal number of patients. The study evaluated three key outcomes—postoperative pain, anxiety, and satisfaction—at three specific time points following surgery: 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h. Results Patients receiving structured checklist counseling showed significantly lower pain scores (24 h: 6.6 vs. 7.03, p = 0.041; 48 h: 5.62 vs. 6.55, p = 0.029; 72 h: 2.54 vs. 2.90, p = 0.035) and anxiety scores (24 h: 8.58 vs. 9.25, p = 0.039; 48 h: 7.50 vs. 8.45, p = 0.030; 72 h: 4.53 vs. 5.98, p = 0.031), as well as higher satisfaction scores (24 h: 5.99 vs. 5.06, p = 0.043; 48 h: 6.99 vs. 6.02, p = 0.033; 72 h: 9.10 vs. 8.20, p = 0.039) compared to controls. These improvements were consistently significant across all three surgical specialties studied (p

Abstract Background Pathological internet use (PIU) refers to excessive use of the internet and is commonly described using various terms, such as internet addiction disorder (IAD). It is a significant concern for mental health professionals in schools and primary care settings, especially among adolescents. Although in the sphere of psychological assessment, PIU is classified as a behavioral addiction and has been proven to be as serious as substance abuse, PIU is not officially classified as a psychological disorder in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. The aims of this study were to investigate the PIU status and explore the sociodemographic correlates of PIU among adolescents in Jordan. Methods This study employed a descriptive‒explorative design with a cross-sectional approach. The study participants were 735 adolescents, grades 9th–11th. Data were collected via valid and reliable self-report questionnaire related to the main study variables over a period ranging from the beginning of March to the end of April 2024. For the data analysis, t tests and ANOVAs were used to identify any significant differences in the mean PIU total score in relation to the sociodemographic variables. Results The results revealed that among the 735 adolescents, 75.8% (n = 557) experienced PIU, with a significant difference in the mean PIU total score across grades (F = 3.37, p .05), father’s education level (F = .789, p > .05), or family income level (F = 1.076, p > .05). Conclusion This study provides practical findings that students with poor academic performance and lower grades have higher levels of PIU. It is recommended that an ongoing screening for PIU be conducted to intervene proactively through multidisciplinary collaboration to manage disproportionate internet use among adolescents. Furthermore, this study adequately raises awareness about the far-reaching consequences of PIU for adolescents of both sexes. Finally, the results will be utilized to guide future studies to highlight more sociodemographic correlates of PIU.

We have introduced various novel soliton waves and other analytic wave solutions for nonlinear Schrödinger equation with cubic, quintic, septic, and nonic nonlinearities. The modified extended direct algebraic method governs the transmission of various solitons with different effects. The combination of this system enables the obtaining of analytical soliton solutions with some unique behaviors, including bright, dark, and mixed dark-bright soliton solutions; singular soliton solutions; singular periodic, exponential, rational wave solutions; and Jacobi elliptic function solutions. These results realize the stability of the nonlinear waves' propagation in a high-nonlinear-dispersion medium that is illustrated using 2D and 3D visuals and contour graphical diagrams of the output solutions. This research focused on determining exact soliton solutions under certain parameter conditions and evaluating the stability and reliability of the soliton solutions based on the used modified extended direct algebraic method. This will be useful for many various domains in technology and physics, such as biology, optics, and plasma physical science. At the end, we use modulation instability analysis to assess the stability of the wave solutions obtained.

Abstract In this paper, a ( p , q ) $\left ( p,q\right ) $ -fractional nonlinear difference equation of different orders is considered and discussed. With the help of ( p , q ) $\left ( p,q\right ) $ -calculus for integrals and derivatives properties, we convert the main integral boundary value problem (IBVP) to an equivalent solution in the form of an integral equation, we use the upper–lower solution technique to prove the existence of positive solutions. We present an example of the IBVP to apply and demonstrate the results of our method.

Abstract As delays are common, persistent, and ingrained in daily life, it is imperative to take them into account. In this work, we explore the averaging principle for impulsive Atangana–Baleanu fractional stochastic delay differential equations driven by Lévy noise. The link between the averaged equation solutions and the equivalent solutions of the original equations is shown in the sense of mean square. To achieve the intended outcomes, fractional calculus, semigroup properties, and stochastic analysis theory are used. We also provide an example to demonstrate the practicality and relevance of our research.

Abstract Palatal injections are considered to be one of the most painful dental procedures. As a result, it was important to find alternatives to this painful injection to improve children's cooperation. The dental literature mentioned using EMLA cream as a possible alternative to conventional injections, but its anesthetic effect was debated. Therefore, it was valuable to research the impact of microneedle patches to enhance the effectiveness of this cream. The purpose of this randomized controlled clinical trial was to compare the effectiveness of different methods of anesthesia and pain levels in children aged 7–11 years. The study compared the use of EMLA cream, EMLA with microneedles, and conventional palatal injections. A total of 90 children were randomly assigned to three groups: Group 1 received conventional palatal anesthesia (control), Group 2 received EMLA cream only, and Group 3 received EMLA with microneedles. Pain levels were assessed using the FLACC and Wong-Baker scales at three different time points: T1(during anesthesia), T2(on palatal probing), and T3(during extraction). The FLACC scale revealed a significant difference in pain between groups only at T1 (P value = 0.000). It was found that the conventional palatal injection group had a higher pain level than the EMLA cream-only group and the group using microneedle patches with EMLA cream (P value = 0.000). However, the other groups did not show significant differences in pain levels during the anesthesia (P value = 1.00). Similarly, the Wong-Baker scale also demonstrated a statistically significant difference in pain between groups only at T1 (P value = 0.000). It was found that the conventional palatal injection group had a higher pain level than the EMLA cream-only group and the group using microneedle patches with EMLA cream (P value = 0.000). However, the other groups did not show significant differences in pain levels during the anesthesia (P value = 0.091). The study concludes that both EMLA cream alone and EMLA with microneedles can be used as an alternative to conventional palatal anesthesia for children.

In this research, we are examining the stochastic modified Korteweg-de Vries (SMKdV) equation forced in the Itô sense by multiplicative noise. We use an appropriate transformation to convert the SMKdV equation to another MKdV equation with random variable coefficients (MKdV-RVCs). We use the generalizing Riccati equation mapping and Jacobi elliptic functions methods in order to acquire new trigonometric, hyperbolic, and rational solutions for MKdV-RVCs. After that, we can get the solutions to the SMKdV equation. To our knowledge, this is the first time we have assumed that the solution of the wave equation for the SMKdV equation is stochastic, since all earlier research assumed that it was deterministic. Furthermore, we provide different graphic representations to show the influence of multiplicative noise on the exact solutions of the SMKdV equation.

Adaptive cruise control (ACC) assists automobiles in preserving a safe following distance and adhering to speed limits. This advanced driver-assistance system (ADAS) modifies the car's speed to keep a safe gap from oncoming traffic. All vehicle types include combustion engines, pure electric vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles, and methods of operation; controllers are designed to react to cruise control signals and provide an efficient route profile according to the surrounding environment and instantaneous vehicle performance characteristics. ACC uses a perception system to measure the forward vehicle's current distance, speed, and acceleration relative to the host vehicle. Some of these systems use lasers, radar, cameras, or a combination of these sensors to determine the distance and speed of the leading vehicle. Other systems even use wireless communication to collect data from surrounding vehicles. ACC can help reduce stress on long drives, increase road safety, prevent accidents, and enhance traffic flow energy efficiency. This paper aims to introduce a comprehensive study of the research on ACC and mention different controlling techniques used to deal with the problem. Furthermore, a discussion of each method with its cons and pros is mentioned too. First, an introduction to the ACC system and control approaches with a brief discussion of their main principle is presented. Next, various application cases of ACC are presented. These applications include lateral dynamics, wireless technology, energy vehicles, navigation data, and practical experimental tests. At last, future guidance and challenges are discussed.

Abstract Limited data exist on viral hepatitis among migrant populations. This study investigated the prevalence of current hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and lifetime hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection among Qatar's migrant craft and manual workers (CMWs), constituting 60% of the country's population. Sera collected during a nationwide COVID-19 population-based cross-sectional survey on CMWs between July 26 and September 9, 2020, underwent testing for HBsAg and HCV antibodies. Reactive samples underwent confirmatory testing, and logistic regression analyses were employed to explore associations with HBV and HCV infections. Among 2528 specimens tested for HBV infection, 15 were reactive, with 8 subsequently confirmed positive. Three samples lacked sufficient sera for confirmatory testing but were included in the analysis through multiple imputations. Prevalence of current HBV infection was 0.4% (95% CI 0.2–0.7%). Educational attainment and occupation were significantly associated with current HBV infection. For HCV infection, out of 2607 specimens tested, 46 were reactive, and 23 were subsequently confirmed positive. Prevalence of lifetime HCV infection was 0.8% (95% CI 0.5–1.2%). Egyptians exhibited the highest prevalence at 6.5% (95% CI 3.1–13.1%), followed by Pakistanis at 3.1% (95% CI 1.1–8.0%). Nationality, geographic location, and occupation were significantly associated with lifetime HCV infection. HBV infection is relatively low among CMWs, while HCV infection falls within the intermediate range, both compared to global and regional levels.

Abstract The fidelity of translation is ensured by a family of proteins named aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (ARSs), making them crucial for development and survival. More recently, mutations in the tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase 1 (WARS1) have been linked to various human diseases, from intellectual disability to various types of cancer. To understand the function of WARS1, we investigated the effect of WARS-1 depletion during the mitotic and meiotic cell cycle in the developing germline of Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) and demonstrated the role of WARS-1 in genome integrity. wars-1 knockdown results in cell cycle arrest of the mitotically active germ cells. Such mitotic arrest is also associated with canonical DNA damage-induced checkpoint signaling in mitotic and meiotic germ cells. Significantly, such DNA checkpoint activation is associated with the morphological anomalies in chromatin structures that are the hallmarks of genome instability, such as the formation of chromatin bridges, micronuclei, and chromatin buds. We demonstrated that knocking down wars-1 results in an elevation of the intracellular concentration of tryptophan and its catabolites, a surprising finding emphasizing the impact of cellular amino acid availability and organismal/individual dietary uptake on genome integrity. Our result demonstrates that exposing C. elegans to a high tryptophan dosage leads to DNA damage checkpoint activation and a significant increase in the tryptophan metabolites. Targeting tryptophan catabolism, the least utilized amino acid in nature, can be important in developing new cancer therapeutic approaches. All in all, we have strong evidence that knocking down wars-1 results in defects in genomic integrity.

Abstract The increasing antimicrobial resistance requires continuous investigation of new antimicrobial agents preferably derived from natural sources. New powerful antibacterial agents can be produced by simply combining oils that are known for their antibacterial activities. In this study, apricot seed oil (ASO), date seed oil (DSO), grape seed oil (GSO), and black seed oil (BSO) alone and in binary mixtures were assessed. Fatty acid profiles of individual oils and oil mixtures showed linoleic acid, oleic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, and linolenic acid contents. Linoleic acid was the most abundant fatty acid in all samples except for ASO, where oleic acid was the dominant one. GSO showed the highest total phenolic content while ASO showed the lowest one. Antibacterial screening was performed against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis, and Staphylococcus aureus. Results showed antibacterial activity in all oils against tested strains except for ASO against S. aureus. Highest antibacterial activity recorded was for ASO against P. mirabilis. ASO-GSO mixture (AG) was the best mixture where it showed synergistic interactions against all strains except P. aeruginosa. In conclusion, seed oil mixtures are likely to show promising antibacterial activities against specific strains.

Background: Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) is a critical causative agent behind Kaposi sarcoma (KS), an oncogenic disease with profound consequences in immunocompromised individuals. Studies suggested HHV-8 seroprevalence in healthy populations is uncommon, but comprehensive investigations within the Middle East region remain scarce. This study aimed to bridge this knowledge gap by meticulously assessing HHV-8 seroprevalence among healthy blood donors in Qatar, leveraging serological methodologies and PCR. Methods: We used sera samples collected from 621 healthy blood donors (median age = 36 years, IQR 30–43) from different nationalities residing in Qatar, mainly from the MENA region and Southeast Asia. All sera samples were tested for total anti-HHV-8 IgG antibodies using ELISA. The presence of lytic HHV-8 antibodies was confirmed by an immunofluorescence assay (IFA). Further, HHV-8 DNA was tested and quantitated by qRT-PCR. Results: ELISA detected anti-HHV-8 IgG total antibodies in 6.9 % [43/621, 95 %CI 5.2–9.2] of the tested samples. Subsequent testing by IFA revealed that 14 % [6/43, 95 %CI 3.6–24.3] of these anti-HHV-8 IgG were classified as HHV-8 lytic antibodies. This suggests that 0.97 % [6/621, 95 %CI 0.2–1.7] of these donors had a recent or ongoing active infection and viral replication. Only one seronegative Qatari blood donor had detectable HHV-8 DNA in his blood. No significant difference was observed between HHV-8 seropositivity and the demographic characteristics of the donors. Conclusion: Our study showed that HHV-8 prevalence in Qatar aligns closely with global reports. Moreover, our findings raise considerations regarding HHV-8’s potential transmission via transfusion, which suggests the value of routine HHV-8 screening, particularly for immunocompromised patients vulnerable to KS.

The extraction and modification of naturally-occurring compounds are widely performed due to their valuable medicinal and physical properties. Herin, we reported the extraction of bis-demethoxycurcumin from Ragbrai turmeric root. The isolated derivative was characterized by X-ray diffraction, IR, and NMR spectroscopy. Also, the green synthesis of bis-demethoxycurcumin chitosan silver BDMC-Ag-Ch nanoparticles is illustrated. These nanoparticles are identified by atomic force microscopy AFM and exhibit average particle size ∼ 53.41 nm The crystalline structure was confirmed by XRD analysis, which showed distinct peaks corresponding to silver oxide nanoparticles and Zeta power measurements revealed stable dispersion of the nanoparticles, indicating a good chitosan coating on the surface of bis-demethoxycurcumin Ag nanoparticles. The absorption bands at 240 and 405 nm are due to oxygen atom (n → π*) and aromatic (π → π*) transitions in curcumin and Chitosan molecules. The photoluminescence (PL) study of synthesized BDMC-Ag-Ch nanoparticles demonstrated an existence of two emission excited states in light-emitting, namely local excited (LE) and intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) emission states, due to the aromatic conjugation system within BDMC units and intra charge transfer between the silver ion and organic part.

In this work, environmentally friendly zinc oxide nanoparticles was produced using sustainable green technology. With several loading amounts, such as 5%, 10%, 50%, and 100%, the banana peel extract was utilized as a capping agent. This was followed by calcinations at 400 ºC for 3 h in a muffle furnace. To evaluate the physical and chemical change of the synthesized nanoparticles, XRD, FTIR, UV-VIS and SEM/EDAX was used. The characterization results reveald that the all the green synthesized ZnO NPs samples strongly supports the well-crystallinity with high phase purity. The average crystallite size of the prepared samples was calculated using Debye-Scherer's formula and the results shows that with an increase in extract amount, the average crystallite size was shrinking. The FTIR result verified the successful chemical reaction between zinc salt and banana peel extract. The UV-VIS results showed the effect of size quantisization phenomena at 100% extract adding. Finally, the SEM images for all the prepared samples confirm the spherical shape.

In this study, we compare the thermoelectric properties of coarse-grained n-type Bi2Te2.55Se0.45 alloy prepared by induction melting with the bulk-nanostructured prepared by ball milling and hot-pressing techniques. The corresponding thermoelectric properties showed different behavior for each material processed using different routes. The most striking result of the study is observing a p-type behavior and charge carrier transition from p-to n-type for the coarse-grained alloy. These observed phenomena are related mainly to the unique needle-like microstructure accompanied by high lattice strain. Lastly, the obtained figure-of-merit values for the coarse needle-like structure and bulk nanostructured Bi2Te2.55Se0.45 alloys are 0.20 and 0.80 at their optimum temperatures of 60 and 120 °C, respectively.

Abstract Background Limited data exists on herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and type 2 (HSV-2) infections in migrant populations. This study investigated HSV-1 and HSV-2 seroprevalences and associations among craft and manual workers (CMWs) in Qatar who constitute 60% of Qatar’s population. Methods A national population-based cross-sectional seroprevalence survey was conducted on the CMW population, all men, between July 26 and September 9, 2020. 2,612 sera were tested for anti-HSV-1 IgG antibodies using HerpeSelect 1 ELISA IgG kits and for anti-HSV-2 IgG antibodies using HerpeSelect 2 ELISA IgG kits (Focus Diagnostics, USA). Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify associations with HSV-1 and HSV-2 infections. Results Serological testing identified 2,171 sera as positive, 403 as negative, and 38 as equivocal for HSV-1 antibodies, and 300 sera as positive, 2,250 as negative, and 62 as equivocal for HSV-2 antibodies. HSV-1 and HSV-2 seroprevalences among CMWs were estimated at 84.2% (95% CI 82.8–85.6%) and 11.4% (95% CI 10.1–12.6%), respectively. HSV-1 infection was associated with nationality, educational attainment, and occupation. HSV-2 infection was associated with age, nationality, and educational attainment. Conclusions Over 80% of CMWs are infected with HSV-1 and over 10% are infected with HSV-2. The findings highlight the need for sexual health programs to tackle sexually transmitted infections among the CMW population.

The stochastic Bogoyavlenskii equation with M-truncated derivatives (SBE-MTD) is considered in this article. Our objective in this paper is to find the exact solutions to this problem by using the G′/G-expansion and Jacobi elliptic function methods. Due to the fact that this equation is used in fluid dynamics, plasma physics, and nonlinear optics, the acquired results here will aid researchers in characterizing a vast array of intriguing physical phenomena. By providing several graphical representations, we examine how the stochastic term and M-truncated derivative affect the dynamics of the acquired solutions. Finally, we conclude that the Wiener process stabilizes the solutions of the Bogoyavlenskii equation, and the M-truncated derivatives shift the surface to the left as the derivative’s order decreases.

Mohamad Farah, Halvor Næss, Ulrike Waje-Andreassen, Beenish Nawaz, Annette Fromm Neurology Department, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, NorwayCorrespondence: Mohamad Farah, Email mohamad.jamal.farah@helse-bergen.noAim: To compare incidence of first-ever acute cerebral infarction, etiology and traditional risk factors in young adults 15– 49 years in 1988– 1997 and 2008– 2017 in Hordaland County, Norway.Methods: Case-finding of young adults with acute cerebral infarction in 1988– 1997 was done retrospectively by computer research from hospital registries in Hordaland County. Young adults with acute cerebral infarction living in the Bergen region in 2008– 2017 were prospectively included in a database at Haukeland University Hospital. Traditional risk factors, etiology and modified Rankin scale score on discharge were registered.Results: Crude average incidence of acute cerebral infarction was 11.4 per 100.000 per year in 1988– 1997 and 13.2 per 100.000 per year in 2008– 2017 (P=0.04). The prevalence of prior myocardial infarction, angina pectoris, and dyslipidemia were lower in the 2008– 2017 cohort (all P< 0.05). Atherosclerosis was less common in the 2008– 2017 cohort (P< 0.001).Conclusion: The observed incidence of acute cerebral infarction in young adults increased from 1988– 1997 to 2008– 2017 in Hordaland County. Atherosclerosis was less common in the 2008– 2017 cohort.Keywords: young stroke, incidence, acute ischemic stroke, public health

Here, we consider the stochastic (2 + 1)-dimensional Heisenberg ferromagnetic spin chain equation which is forced by the multiplicative Brownian motion in the Stratonovich sense. We utilize the (G′/G)-expansion method and the mapping method to attain the analytical solutions of the stochastic (2 + 1)-dimensional Heisenberg ferromagnetic chain equation. Various types of analytical stochastic solutions, such as the hyperbolic, elliptic, and trigonometric functions, have been obtained. Physicists can utilize these solutions to understand a variety of important physical phenomena because the magnetic soliton has been categorized as one of the interesting groups of nonlinear excitations representing spin dynamics in the semiclassical continuum Heisenberg systems. Moreover, we employ MATLAB tools to plot 3D and 2D graphs for some obtained solutions to address the influence of Brownian motion on these solutions.

This study aims to develop new structures for planetary gear-cam mechanisms (PGCMs) using a newly modified creative design methodology. To begin, the design requirements and constraints are outlined based on the kinematics of PGCMs already in use. The structural synthesis theory is then used to make 110 PGCMs by adding different joints to spanning trees to create viable specialized chains. Each viable chain is then turned into its matching PGCM. Furthermore, two illustrated examples are provided, and the design's feasibility is validated through computer simulation using LINKAGE software. The new solutions can provide a wider variety of non-uniform motion, which is necessary for driving variable speed input mechanisms. In addition, the results validated the methodology as an effective tool for developing new variations of PGCMs in addition to improving the existing ones.

The stochastic Sasa–Satsuma equation (SSSE) in the Stratonovich sense is considered here. To produce new elliptic, rational, hyperbolic, and trigonometric stochastic solutions, the modified mapping approach is applied. Due to the fact that the Sasa–Satsuma equation is utilized to explain the propagation of femtosecond pulses in optical fibers, the acquired solutions can be used to describe a wide variety of important physical phenomena. To show how multiplicative noise impacts the analytical solutions of the SSSE, we present a variety of 2D and 3D graphs. We show the stabilization of SSSE solutions by multiplicative noise at zero.

The pollution of water with heavy metals is one of the most important health and economic problems globally. Therefore, the green preparation of Cu2+ nanoparticles from avocado seed extract can provide a method of adsorbing these heavy metals at the lowest cost and easily and safely. In addition, our research was motivated by the ability of these nanoparticles to inhibit some types of bacteria. In this study, seed extract was prepared and then reacted with copper2+ solution to obtain nanoparticles using the biosynthesis method. These nanoparticles were diagnosed by means of the FESEM, XRD, AFM, UV–vis, and FTIR techniques. FESEM images showed Cu peaks at about 1 and 9 keV of a crystal nature. The crystal size was 62.25 nm, according to the XRD results. The AFM images showed that the spherical particles had an average height of 21.289 nm. AUV–vis absorption band was observed at 530 nm, indicating copper2+ nanoparticles. The FTIR spectra showed the interaction of the seed extract with Cu2+ ions via a reduction reaction. The synthesized copper2+ nanoparticles demonstrated the inhibition of bacterial activity when used against E. coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Copper nanoparticles were used as a surface adsorbent for cadmium2+ ions of contaminated water, and the nanoparticles showed an active role.

Here, we look at the Sasa-Satsuma equation with M-truncated derivative (SSE-MTD). The analytical solutions in the form of trigonometric, hyperbolic, elliptic, and rational functions are constructed using the Jacobi elliptic function and generalizing Riccati equation mapping methods. Because the Sasa–Satsuma equation is applied to explain the propagation of femtosecond pulses in optical fibers, the acquired solutions can be employed to explain a wide range of important physical phenomena. Moreover, we apply the MATLAB tool to generate a series of graphs to address the effect of the M-truncated derivative on the exact solution of the SSE-MTD.

Background: A vast majority of the commercially available lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) is used to detect SARS-CoV-2 antibodies qualitatively. Recently, a novel fluorescence-based lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) test was developed for quantitative measurement of the total binding antibody units (BAUs) (BAU/mL) against SARS-CoV-2 spike protein receptor-binding domain (S-RBD). Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the performance of the fluorescence LFIA FinecareTM 2019-nCoV S-RBD test along with its reader (Model No.: FS-113). Methods: Plasma from 150 reverse trancriptase–PCR (RT-PCR)-confirmed positive individuals and 100 prepandemic samples were tested by FincareTM to access sensitivity and specificity. For qualitative and quantitative validation of the FinCareTM measurements, BAU/mL results of FinCareTM were compared with results of 2 reference assays: the surrogate virus-neutralizing test (sVNT, GenScript Biotech, USA) and the VIDAS®3 automated assay (BioMérieux, France). Results: FinecareTM showed 92% sensitivity and 100% specificity compared with PCR. Cohen's Kappa statistic denoted moderate and excellent agreement with sVNT and VIDAS®3, with values being 0.557 (95% CI: 0.32–0.78) and 0.731 (95% CI: 0.51–0.95), respectively. A strong correlation was observed between FinecareTM/sVNT (r = 0.7, p < 0.0001) and FinecareTM/VIDAS®3 (r = 0.8, p < 0.0001). Conclusion: FinecareTM is a reliable assay and can be used as a surrogate to assess binding and neutralizing antibody response after infection or vaccination, particularly in none or small laboratory settings.

Introduction: The management of deep caries lesion can be accomplished by complete caries excavation, partial caries removal, and stepwise excavation techniques. Dentists do not agree on a single management due to available evidence about the effectiveness of different treatment options of deep carious lesion that are inconsistent. Aim: The aim is to investigate the attitude and behavior of management preference of deep caries in mature permanent teeth among dentists in Riyadh city. In addition, to compare these findings with academic standards, World Dental Federation and International Caries Consensus cooperation (ICCC). Materials and Methods: A randomized cross-sectional study was conducted in which 540 questionnaires were distributed to dentists in Riyadh city. The questionnaire included four clinical scenarios to investigate the participant's attitude and behavior of management preference of deep carious lesion of permanent teeth in Riyadh city in 2019. Results and Discussion: Response rate was 74%. Findings illustrate that 86.8% of participants preferred complete caries excavation in case of deep caries with no pain nor risk of pulpal exposure. 41.3% of the participants preferred complete caries excavation in case of deep caries with no pain but risk of pulpal exposure presence. 64.8% participants preferred complete caries excavation in case of deep caries with pain on provocation and no risk of pulpal exposure. 58.3% participants preferred root canal treatment in case of deep caries with pain on provocation and with risk of pulpal exposure. About 76.80% of participants believed that after 2 years from complete caries removal, a high success rate (more than 80%) will result. Conclusion: The majority of participants prefer more invasive approaches in the treatment of deep carious lesions and unaware of the minimally invasive dentistry.

The state-of-the-art Bismuth-Telluride (Bi2Te3) based systems are promising thermoelectric materials for efficient thermoelectric applications. In this study, the effect of graphene nanosheets (GNS) integrity on thermoelectric properties of a p-type Bi0.4Sb1.6Te3 alloy has been studied using high-energy ball milling and SPS sintering techniques. The synthesized pristine Bi0.4Sb1.6Te3 and 0.05wt% GNS/Bi0.4Sb1.6Te3 nanocomposites at different addition times of GNS have exhibited a single-phase and artifact-free bulk nanocrystalline Bi0.4Sb1.6Te3 with nanocrystals size of 17 nm. The TEM analysis confirmed the mechanical exfoliation of graphene filler in 5m nanocomposite into a single-layered nanostructure with an interplanar spacing of 0.343 nm. The prominent Raman features of the monolayered graphene sheet have appeared in the synthesized 5m-GNS/Bi0.4Sb1.6Te3 nanocomposite. This highlighted the crucial rule of graphene addition time on its structure and morphology of the synthesized nanocomposites. The ZT profile of 5m nanocomposite reached 0.801 at 348 K till 398 K. This resulted in 65% of improvements to the pristine Bi0.4Sb1.6Te3 pellet at 323 K. The obtained results were used to simulate a thermoelectric (TE) device module using ANSYS Workbench. The GNS nanocomposites have shown an ultrahigh output power of 95.57 W compared to 89.96 W for the pristine module at ΔT of 150 °C. The GNS addition has increased the output power of pristine Bi0.4Sb1.6Te3 by 7%, leading to comparable TE performance to other simulated Bi2Te3 systems.

The nanofiber membranes prepared by electrospinning method attracted the attention of researchers in the field of pollutant treatment due to their ease of manufacture, efficient performance and ease of removal. Some of these membranes lack the possibility of reuse due to low efficiency and high regeneration cost. In this paper, we were able to prepare nanofiber membranes from polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and PAN/TiO2 by adding different ratios (5,10 and 15) wt% of TiO2 respectively. The resultants nanofibers were characterized using Field Emission Scanning microscope (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). These prepared membranes enable effective and complete degradation of MB dye in water using ultraviolet (UV) irradiation with the possibility of reuse and high efficiency after washing with distilled water. The efficiency is up to 98% when 15wt% TiO2 was used, while the degradation reaches to 83% when reused the nanofibers composite (PAN/TiO2). The work not only explains the possibility of using and reusing nanofiber films in the treatment of pollutants but also gives a detailed of understanding the behavior of the membrane in dye degradation.

The Fokas-Lenells equation (FLE) including the M-truncated derivative or beta derivative is examined. Using the modified mapping method, new elliptic, hyperbolic, rational, and trigonometric solutions are created. Also, we extend some previous results. Since the FLE has various applications in telecommunication modes, quantum field theory, quantum mechanics, and complex system theory, the solutions produced may be used to interpret a broad variety of important physical process. We present some of 3D and 2D diagrams to illustrate how M-truncated derivative and the beta derivative influence the exact solutions of the FLE. We demonstrate that when the derivative order decreases, the beta derivative pushes the surface to the left, whereas the M-truncated derivative pushes the surface to the right.

Abstract Background: Canada is facing its worst crisis among healthcare workers in recent healthcare history. Anxiety, depression, suicidal ideation, and severe burnout are higher than before the COVID-19 pandemic. University Faculties of Medicine (FoMs) are vital to healthcare systems. Not only are they responsible for training personnel, but clinicians and staff from FoMs often work directly within healthcare systems. FoMs include students, staff, residents, faculty members, residents, researchers, and others, many experiencing higher stress levels due to pandemic tensions. Most FoMs emphasize cognitive and psychomotor learning needs. On the other hand, affective learning needs are not as well addressed within most FoMs. Finding innovative means to ameliorate mental and emotional health status, particularly at this critical juncture, will improve health and wellness, productivity, and retention. This article discusses a pilot program, Wellbeing Convene during COVID-19, in a Canadian FoM, which aimed to (1) provide staff, faculty, residents, and students with a toolkit for greater wellbeing and (2) build a sense of community during isolating times. Results: Participants found the program beneficial in both regards. We recommend that these kinds of programs be permanently available to all members in FoMs, at no cost. Wellness programs alone, however, will not solve the root causes of mental and emotional stress, often based on concerns related to finances, hierarchical workplace structures, and nature of the work itself, among other factors. Conclusion: Addressing the mental and emotional health of people in FoMs is vital to improving productivity and reducing stress of FoMs, healthcare professionals, and, ultimately, patients.

The fractional-stochastic Radhakrishnan-Kundu-Lakshmanan equation (FSRKLE) is considered here. To attain new hyperbolic, elliptic, rational, and trigonometric stochastic-fractional solutions, we use two various methods such as the sine-cosine and the Jacobi elliptic function methods. The solutions acquired are important in understanding some interesting physical phenomena due to the significance of the Radhakrishnan-Kundu-Lakshmanan equation in designing the propagation of solitons through an optical fiber. Furthermore, we graph some of the obtained solutions in 3D to display the influence of fractional derivative and multiplicative noise on these solutions. Finally, we show that when the order of fractional derivative decreases, the surface shrinks, while the multiplicative noise stabilizes the solutions of FSRKLE a round zero.

In this paper, we take into account the coupled stochastic Korteweg–De Vries (CSKdV) equations in the Itô sense. Using the mapping method, new trigonometric, rational, hyperbolic, and elliptic stochastic solutions are obtained. These obtained solutions can be applied to the analysis of a wide variety of crucial physical phenomena because the coupled KdV equations have important applications in various fields of physics and engineering. Also, it is used in the design of optical fiber communication systems, which transmit information using soliton-like waves. The dynamic performance of the various obtained solutions are depicted using 3D and 2D curves in order to interpret the effects of multiplicative noise. We conclude that multiplicative noise influences the behavior of the solutions of CSKdV equations and stabilizes them.

We take into account the (2 + 1)-dimensional stochastic Kadomtsev–Petviashvili equation with beta-derivative (SKPE-BD) in this paper. To develop new hyperbolic, trigonometric, elliptic, and rational solutions, the Riccati equation and Jacobi elliptic function methods are employed. Because the KP equation is required for explaining the development of quasi-one-dimensional shallow-water waves, the solutions obtained can be used to interpret various attractive physical phenomena. To display how the multiplicative white noise and beta-derivative impact the exact solutions of the SKPE-BD, we plot a few graphs in MATLAB and display different 3D and 2D figures. We deduce how multiplicative noise stabilizes the solutions of SKPE-BD at zero.

The stochastic Fokas system (SFS), driven by multiplicative noise in the Itô sense, was investigated in this study. Novel trigonometric, rational, hyperbolic, and elliptic stochastic solutions are found using a modified mapping method. Because the Fokas system is used to explain nonlinear pulse propagation in monomode optical fibers, the solutions provided may be utilized to analyze a broad range of critical physical phenomena. In order to explain the impacts of multiplicative noise, the dynamic performances of the different found solutions are illustrated using 3D and 2D curves. We conclude that multiplicative noise eliminates the symmetry of the solutions of the SFS and stabilizes them.

The Fokas system with M-truncated derivative (FS-MTD) was considered in this study. To get analytical solutions of FS-MTD in the forms of elliptic, rational, hyperbolic, and trigonometric functions, we employed the extend F-expansion approach and the Jacobi elliptic function method. Since nonlinear pulse transmission in monomode optical fibers is explained by the Fokas system, the derived solutions may be utilized to analyze a broad range of important physical processes. In order to comprehend the impacts of MTD on the solutions, the dynamic behavior of the various generated solutions are shown using 2D and 3D figures.

Background: High-throughput assays that can infer neutralizing activity against SARS-CoV-2 are of great importance for assessing the immunity induced by natural infection and COVID-19 vaccines. We aimed to evaluate the performance and degree of correlation of three fully automated anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoassays with neutralization activity using a surrogate virus-neutralizing test (sVNT) from GenScript, targeting the receptor-binding domain. Methods: 110 sera collected from PCR-confirmed asymptomatic COVID-19 individuals were tested for neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) using the sVNT. Positive samples were tested on three automated immunoassays targeting different viral antigens: Mindray CL-900i®, Abbott Architect, and Ortho VITROS®. The diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, agreement, and correlation with the sVNT were assessed. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to determine optimal thresholds for predicting the presence of neutralizing activity by each assay. Results: All three assays showed 100% specificities. The highest sensitivity was 99.0%, demonstrated by VITROS®, followed by 94.3%, for CL-900i®, and 81.0%, for Architect. Both VITROS® and CL-900i® had the strongest correlation with the sVNT (ρ = 0.718 and ρ = 0.712, respectively), while Architect showed a moderate correlation (ρ = 0.618). ROC curve analysis indicated that the manufacturer’s recommended cutoff values are adequate for predicting the presence of nAbs and providing a strong correlation with the sVNT. Conclusion: VITROS® and CL-900i® serological assays, which detect antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, could serve as reliable assays to predict neutralization activity after infection or vaccination.

We study the (3+1)-dimensional stochastic Jimbo–Miwa (SJM) equation induced by multiplicative white noise in the Itô sense. We employ the Riccati equation mapping and He’s semi-inverse techniques to provide trigonometric, hyperbolic, and rational function solutions of SJME. Due to the applications of the Jimbo–Miwa equation in ocean studies and other disciplines, the acquired solutions may explain numerous fascinating physical phenomena. Using a variety of 2D and 3D diagrams, we illustrate how white noise influences the analytical solutions of SJM equation. We deduce that the noise destroys the symmetry of the solutions of SJM equation and stabilizes them at zero.

We take into account the stochastic Boiti–Leon–Manna–Pempinelli equation (SBLMPE), which is perturbed by a multiplicative Brownian motion. By applying He’s semi-inverse method and the Riccati equation mapping method, we can acquire the solutions of the SBLMPE. Since the Boiti–Leon–Manna–Pempinelli equation is utilized to explain incompressible liquid in fluid mechanics, the acquired solutions may be applied to explain a lot of fascinating physical phenomena. To address how Brownian motion effects the exact solutions of the SBLMPE, we present some 2D and 3D diagrams.

In this work, we consider the Boiti–Leon–Manna–Pempinelli equation with the M-truncated derivative (BLMPE-MTD). Our aim here is to obtain trigonometric, rational and hyperbolic solutions of BLMPE-MTD by employing two diverse methods, namely, He’s semi-inverse method and the extended tanh function method. In addition, we generalize some previous results. As the Boiti–Leon–Manna–Pempinelli equation is a model for an incompressible fluid, the solutions obtained may be utilized to represent a wide variety of fascinating physical phenomena. We construct a large number of 2D and 3D figures to demonstrate the impact of the M-truncated derivative on the exact solution of the BLMPE-MTD.

In the current study, we investigate the stochastic Benjamin–Bona–Mahony equation with beta derivative (SBBME-BD). The considered stochastic term is the multiplicative noise in the Itô sense. By combining the F-expansion approach with two separate equations, such as the Riccati and elliptic equations, new hyperbolic, trigonometric, rational, and Jacobi elliptic solutions for SBBME-BD can be generated. The solutions to the Benjamin–Bona–Mahony equation are useful in understanding various scientific phenomena, including Rossby waves in spinning fluids and drift waves in plasma. Our results are presented using MATLAB, with numerous 3D and 2D figures illustrating the impacts of white noise and the beta derivative on the obtained solutions of SBBME-BD.

In this study, we take into account the fractional stochastic Kraenkel–Manna–Merle system (FSKMMS). The mapping approach may be used to produce various type of stochastic fractional solutions, such as elliptic, hyperbolic, and trigonometric functions. Solutions to the Kraenkel–Manna–Merle system equation, which explains the propagation of a magnetic field in a zero-conductivity ferromagnet, may provide insight into a variety of fascinating scientific phenomena. Moreover, we construct a variety of 3D and 2D graphics in MATLAB to illustrate the influence of the stochastic term and the conformable derivative on the exact solutions of the FSKMMS.

In the sense of a conformable fractional operator, we consider a generalized fractional–stochastic nonlinear wave equation (GFSNWE). This equation may be used to depict several nonlinear physical phenomena occurring in a liquid containing gas bubbles. The analytical solutions of the GFSNWE are obtained by using the F-expansion and the Jacobi elliptic function methods with the Riccati equation. Due to the presence of noise and the conformable derivative, some solutions that were achieved are shown together with their physical interpretations.

The stochastic shallow water wave equation (SSWWE) in the sense of the beta-derivative is considered in this study. The solutions of the SSWWE are obtained using the F-expansion technique with the Riccati equation and He’s semi-inverse method. Since the shallow water equation has many uses in ocean engineering, including river irrigation flows, tidal waves, tsunami prediction, and weather simulations, the solutions discovered can be utilized to represent a wide variety of exciting physical events. We create many 2D and 3D graphs to demonstrate how the beta-derivative and Brownian motion affect the analytical solutions of the SSWWE.

الملخص: أهداف البحث: تهدف هذه الدراسةإل قياس مدىالاكتئاب والقلق والإجهادبين العاملين في مجال الرعاية الصحيةبسبب مرض الفيروس التاجي ٢٠١٩(كوفيد-١٩) في المدينة المنورةبالمملكة العربية السعودية. طرق البحث: أجريتدراسة مقطعيةعلى١٢٢ من العاملين في مجال الرعاية الصحية في المدينة المنورة خلال شهري أبريل ومايو ٢٠٢٠،باستخدام استبانةإلكترونيةلقياس القلق والاكتئاب في المستشفيات، ومقياس الإجهادالمتصور.كما تم تقييم تصور المشاركين تجاه وصم مهنتهم في الجائحة الحالية من خلال مقياس ليكرت. وقد تم تحليل القلق والاكتئاب والإجهاد من الناحيتين الكمية والنوعية باستخدام متوسط وحساب الارتباط والنسب المئوية في الإحصاءات المعنية بذلك. النتائج: وجدت هذه الدراسة أن ٣٢.٩٪ من العاملين في مجال الرعاية الصحية تعاملوا مع حالات كوفيد-١٩بشكل متكرر أثناء الجائحة. وكان ما يصل إلى ٣٥.٦٪ قلقين بشكل غير عادي. ولوحظ أن متوسط درجة القلق ٨.٤٣ ± ٤.٦،مع درجات أعلى بكثير للنساء والعاملين الذين لم يتلقوا التدريب الكافي. وعلاوة على ذلك، تم تسجيل متوسط درجة اكتئاب٧.٦ ± ٤.٧للعاملين في مجال الرعاية الصحية الذين لم يتلقوا تدريبا كافيا، بينما كان ما يقارب ٢٧.٩٪ من المشاركين مكتئبين.وكانمتوسط درجة الإجهاد ٦.٨٦ ±٢.٥،بينما عانى٢٤.٥٪ من إجهاد خفيف، وعانى ٧٢.٨٪ من إجهادمعتدل. وجدت هذه الدراسة أن عدم كفاية التدريب على مكافحة العدوى كان مرتبطا بنسبة أعلى من القلق والاكتئاب لدى العاملين في الرعاية الصحية. الاستنتاجات: وجدت الدراسة أنهناك نسبة عالية من القلق والاكتئابوالإجهاد المعتدل بين جميع العاملين في مجال الرعاية الصحية بغض النظر عنطبيعةاختلافوظائفهم. وكانت عوامل الخطر المصاحبة لكل من القلق والاكتئاب بسبب عدم كفاية التدريب على مكافحة العدوى والمشاكل الطبية المصاحبة للإجهاد الموجودة من قبل. Abstract: Objective: This study aims to assess the magnitude of depression, anxiety, and stress among health care workers by the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in Almadinah Almunawwarah, KSA. Methods: This cross-sectional study examined 122 health care workers between April and May 2020 through the electronic use of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression (HAD) questionnaire, and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). The perceptions of the participants towards stigmatisation of their profession during the COVID-19 pandemic were also assessed through a Likert's scale. The magnitude of anxiety, depression, and stress were analysed using a mean ± SD, correlation and percentages in respective statistics. A p value of

Nanomaterial such as metals and metal oxide photocatalysts have emerged as important tools for removing contaminants from wastewater and as antibacterial agents to prevent infections; this is mainly due to their stability under different irradiation conditions. Herein, the catalytic and antimicrobial activities of nanocrystalline silver (Ag), supported on tungsten oxide (WO3) nanoparticles prepared using the deposition-precipitation synthesis technique, are studied. The synthesized material was characterized as XRD, XPS, TEM, and TEM-EDS to investigate their physio-chemical properties. HRTEM, XPS analysis shows that the photocatalyst has a large sheet-like morphology with well-dispersed small metallic Ag particles (

Toxoplasmosis is very important zoonotic disease in the world cause by an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite called Toxoplasma gondii can infect human and all warm-blood animals, beef consider from most important source for infection with T. gondii and there is no really data and study about the rate of the infection in beef in Al-Diwaniyah province, so for this reason the aim of this work was designed. A total of 300 samples which collected from heart, tongue, muscles, of 100 slaughtered beef of local and imported cattle, throughout the period from September 2017 to May 2018, initially examined microscopically for searching on T. gondii bradyzoites then all suspected samples was subjected to conventional PCR technique through B1gene amplification to confirm the infection, in addition to analyzed the recorded data for each sample to determine the effect of some factors on prevalence of infection like organ, season and animal age. Out of 300 tested samples only 53 were confirm positive T. gondii DNA. The infection in local beef was higher (22%) than in imported (13.5%), while there is no difference in infection among different examined organs. Regarding to effect of some factors, the autumn season recorded highest rate of infection with significant differences rather than others seasons in both local and imported beef, whereas, age appears with no effect on infection. The local cattle meat is riskier than the imported due to the higher rate of infection with T. gondii, and the animal age cannot affect on the infection rate, in comparing with the season which play role in this rate.

Several studies have reported serological cross-reactivity of the immune responses between SARS-CoV-2 and DENV. Most of the available studies are based on the point of care (POC) rapid testing kits. However, some rapid test kits have low specificity and can generate false positives. Hence, we aimed to investigate the potential serological cross-reactivity between SARS-CoV-2 and DENV IgG antibodies using advanced assays including chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA) and ELISA test. A total of 90 DENV-IgG-ELISA positive and 90 negative pre-pandemic sera were tested for anti-SARS-CoV-2-IgG using the automated CL-900i CLIA assay. Furthermore, a total of 91 SARS-CoV-2-IgG-CLIA positive and 91 negative post-pandemic sera were tested for anti-DENV-IgG using the Novalisa ELISA assay. The DENV-IgG positive sera resulted in five positives and 85 negatives for SARS-CoV-2-IgG. Similarly, the DENV-IgG negative sera also resulted in five positives and 85 negatives for SARS-CoV-2-IgG. No statistically significant difference in specificity between the DENV-IgG positive and DENV-IgG negative sera was found (p-value=1.00). The SARS-CoV-2-IgG positive sera displayed 43 positives, 47 negatives, and one equivocal for DENV-IgG. Whereas the SARS-CoV-2-IgG negative sera resulted in 50 positives, 40 negatives, and one equivocal for DENV-IgG. No statistically significant difference in the proportion that is DENV-IgG positive between the SARS-CoV-2-IgG positive and SARS-CoV-2-IgG negative sera (p-value=0.58). In conclusion, there is a low risk of serological cross-reactivity between the DENV, and SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies when using advanced detection assays.

We consider here the stochastic fractional-space Burgers’ equation (SFSBs’E) forced by multiplicative noise. Our goal in this paper is to find the analytical solutions for SFSBs’E via the G′/G-expansion method. Also, we generalize some previously results where this equation was not studied before with fractional space and multiplicative noise in the itô sense. Moreover, we utilize graphical representations to discuss the effect of the stochastic term on the stability of the SFSBs’E solutions.

In this paper, we consider the fractional-stochastic Boussinesq-Burger system (FSBBS) generated by the multiplicative Brownian motion. The Jacobi elliptic function techniques are used to create creative elliptic, hyperbolic, and rational fractional-stochastic solutions for FSBBS. Furthermore, we draw 2D and 3D graphs by using the MATLAB Package for some obtained solutions of FSBBS to discuss the influence of the Brownian motion on these solutions. Finally, we indicate that the Brownian motion stabilizes the solutions of FSBBS around zero.

The fractional-stochastic Drinfel’d–Sokolov–Wilson equations (FSDSWEs) perturbed by the multiplicative Wiener process are studied. The mapping method is used to obtain rational, hyperbolic, and elliptic stochastic solutions for FSDSWEs. Due to the importance of FSDSWEs in describing the propagation of shallow water waves, the derived solutions are significantly more useful and effective in understanding various important challenging physical phenomena. In addition, we use the MATLAB Package to generate 3D graphs for specific FSDSWE solutions in order to discuss the impact of fractional order and the Wiener process on the solutions of FSDSWEs.

This article considers the stochastic fractional Radhakrishnan-Kundu-Lakshmanan equation (SFRKLE), which is a higher order nonlinear Schrödinger equation with cubic nonlinear terms in Kerr law. To find novel elliptic, trigonometric, rational, and stochastic fractional solutions, the Jacobi elliptic function technique is applied. Due to the Radhakrishnan-Kundu-Lakshmanan equation’s importance in modeling the propagation of solitons along an optical fiber, the derived solutions are vital for characterizing a number of key physical processes. Additionally, to show the impact of multiplicative noise on these solutions, we employ MATLAB tools to present some of the collected solutions in 2D and 3D graphs. Finally, we demonstrate that multiplicative noise stabilizes the analytical solutions of SFRKLE at zero.