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Copyright of Egyptian Journal of Histology is the property of Egyptian Journal of Histology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Egyptian Journal of Histology is the property of Egyptian Journal of Histology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: Tobacco smoking is one of the principal epidemics, a major predisposing factor for multiple non-communicable diseases as vascular, cardiac and respiratory diseases and the 2nd major death risk factor. Passive tobacco smoke inhalation, known as secondhand smoke (SHS) or environmental tobacco smoke, is more common in the closed environment (indoor exposure). This type of smoke inhalation causes 15% of smoking-induced deaths and 2% of total deaths. So, smoking in closed public areas is banned in many countries. In low & middle socio-economic countries, children -at their homes- are the most age group at risk of SHS exposure. Aim of the Work: This study aimed at evaluating and comparing the possible hazardous effects of SHS on the lungs of male albino rats in childhood and adulthood periods with highlighting the consequences on the bronchiolar ciliated & Clara cells and alveolar pneumocytes-I & II. Materials and Methods: 24 male albino rats were chosen and sorted equally into child group (~21 days, group I) and adult group (~90 days, group II). Each group was subdivided equally into 2 subgroups: sham-exposed (exposed to fresh air, two times daily with 6 hours interval) and smoke-exposed (treated as sham-exposed subgroup but with SHS instead of fresh air). After 2 weeks, just before sacrifice, serum cotinine level was measured for all animals. Biochemical, histological, immunohistochemical [for Clara cells secretory protein (CCSP), surfactant protein-C (SP-C), ß-tubulin, caspase-3 & CD-68] and morphometric studies were done. Results: Smoke-exposed subgroups (child & adult) showed lung inflammatory signs and degenerative changes in bronchiolar ciliated and Clara cells and in pneumocytes-I & II that were more noticeable in child subgroup. Conclusion: SHS has severe detrimental effects on structure and function of rats’ lungs via oxidative, inflammatory & apoptotic mechanisms. Additionally, children are more vulnerable than adults to these damaging effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Psoriasis, autoimmune chronic inflammatory skin disease, affects 2-3% of population. It causes poor lifequality due to its disfiguring lesions and co-morbidities. Interleukin (IL)-23/T-helper (Th)-17 &IL-23/Th-22 axes activation, signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)-3 pathway stimulation and proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-17, IL-22 &TNF-a) overproduction are psoriasis main mechanisms. Psoriasis conventional treatment has many adverse effects as immunosuppression and hepatotoxicity with consequent lack of patients' compliance. Aim of work: Evaluating the probable curative effect of blocking STAT-3 pathway using ochromycinone [an STA-21 (STAT-3 inhibitor)] on Imiquimod (IMQ)-induced psoriasis model in adult male albino rats. Materials &Methods: 1 cm2 back skin was shaved in twenty-four adult male albino rats. They grouped into; control group [group-I], IMQ group [group-II, received 20mg/cm2 IMQ-5% topically on the shaved skin for 17 days] & IMQ/STA-21 group [group-III, given daily 3.5mg/kg ochromycinone intraperitoneal injection for 2 weeks]. Psoriasis Area &Severity Index (PASI)-scoring and biochemical, histological, immunohistochemical [for IL-23, STAT-3, Ki-67, connexin (Cx)-26 &vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)] and statistical studies were done. Results: IMQ produced psoriasis-like skin lesions (inflammation, epidermal proliferation & angiogenesis). However, the use of STA-21 marvelously ameliorated these lesions. Conclusion: Topical IMQ provoked psoriasis-like lesions concerning gross, biochemical &histological features. These resulted from IL-23/Th-17 &IL-23/Th-22 axes activation, proinflammatory cytokines production that acted via STAT-3 pathway activation. The use of an STA-21 (STAT-3 inhibitor) as ochromycinone showed amazing improvement of these lesions. Thus, blocking STAT-3 might be a promising treatment for psoriasis instead of the traditional therapy with its marked side-effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Saliva plays essential roles in different biological processes. Autonomic receptors stimulation is the main regulator of its secretion. Ca2+ acts as a 2nd messenger via increasing its cytoplasmic-level (i-Ca2+) &decreasing its endoplasmic reticulum-level (ER-Ca2+) with subsequent protein synthesis as a-amylase and water flow through aquaporin-5 channels (AQP-5). Sarco-ER Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) pumps i-Ca2+ back to ER-Ca2+ maintaining low i-Ca2+ during rest and allowing its increase during salivary activation. Polyol-pathway overactivity with biological molecules glycation and oxidative-stress is the main mechanism of diabetic complications as xerostomia. As aldose-reductase (AR) is its key-enzyme, multiple ARinhibitors (ARIs) were newly explored to cure diabetic complications. Aim of work: Investigating SERCA &AQP-5 roles in diabetes-induced xerostomia molecular mechanism in adult male albino rats &the potential ARIs therapeutic effect. Materials &Methods: 32 rats were divided into 2 groups: control &experimental [received 55mg/kg streptozotocin to induce diabetes]. 18 hyperglycemic rats were divided into 3 subgroups: diabetic, diabetic/recovery &diabetic/ARIs [received daily oral 57 mg/kg Epalrestat for 4 weeks]. Serum glucose measurement, saliva collection &biochemical, histological, immunohistochemical [for active SERCA, AQP-5, inactive SERCA &caspase-3] and morphometric studies were done. Results: All serological, biochemical &histological manifestations of diabetes &xerostomia deteriorated from diabetic subgroup to diabetic/recovery subgroup. However, Epalrestat use evidently improved xerostomia manifestations but not diabetic manifestations. Conclusion: The main molecular mechanism of diabetesinduced xerostomia is polyol-pathway overactivity and consequent SERCA inactivation, i-Ca2+ overload, ER-stress, AQP-5 reduction, &a-amylase improper folding. Epalrestat, an ARI, ameliorates such xerostomia by blocking this pathway and preventing these changes with no effect on diabetes itself. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Adipose mesenchymal stem cells (AMSCs) appeared as a promising therapy for type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, single AMSCs infusion could be insufficient to exert sustained antidiabetic effects. Endothelial colony forming cells (ECFCs) are implicated in various biologic processes as vascular homeostasis, neovascularization and tissue regeneration. Aim of Work: Assessing and comparing the reparative effect of AMSCs on induced T2D rats at different time points with the potential effect of cotherapy with ECFCs. Materials and Methods: Four rats of a total sixty adult male albino rats were used for AMSCs and ECFCs preparation and labelling with PKH26. Animals were divided into 4 main groups: I (control), II (T2D); received high fat diet for 5 weeks then received single intraperitoneal injection of STZ (40mg/kg) and continued HFD for one week. Group III (AMSCs treated) diabetic rats administered AMSCs and group IV (combined, AMSCs +ECFCs) diabetic rats received AMSCs+ECFCs. One rat from groups III and IV with their corresponded control were sacrificed 1 week after cells injection to assess homing at pancreatic tissue and the remaining rats were sacrificed after 2&6 weeks. Biochemical analysis and histological studies including H&E stain, insulin, caspase-3, CD146, Sox9 immunohistochemical stains & TEM were done followed by morphometric measurements and statistical analysis. Results: T2D rats revealed biochemical and histological derangement in islets' p cells and vascularity with areas of stratification in pancreatic ducts. Rats treated with AMSCs only or combined with ECFCs revealed improved insulin sensitivity, glucose homeostasis and nearly normal histological features after 2weeks. After 6 weeks biochemical and histological ameliorations regressed in AMSCs treated rats. On the contrary, cotherapy of AMSCs +ECFCs extended this anti-diabetic effect. Conclusion: ECFCs cotherapy with AMSCs prolonged and enhanced the anti-diabetic effect of AMSCs in T2D by enhancement of islets cells regeneration, islets vasculature, and probably by duct epithelium trans-differentiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Egyptian Journal of Histology is the property of Egyptian Journal of Histology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Diabetic neuropathy (DN) is a major chronic diabetes complication characterized by functional and structural alterations in peripheral nerves. Platelet rich plasma (PRP) is an encouraged biological blood derivative that has gained publicity in diverse applications and proved its efficacy. Aim of Work: Evaluate the probable ameliorating effect of platelet poor plasma (PPP) versus PRP on induced DN in rats. Materials and Methods: This study included 48 male adult albino rats, 10 to obtain PRP and PPP. Thirty eight were divided into 4 groups; group I (control). Group II (DN group): received a single intraperitoneal STZ (60 mg/kg) injection and were left till the end of the experiment. Groups III (PRP group) and IV (PPP group) received subcutaneous PRP or PPP 0.5 mL/kg, 2 times a week for 3 weeks after 60 days diabetes. Body weight, blood glucose and miR-146a and nerve conduction velocity (NCV) were assessed, as well as tissue MDA, TNFα, NGF, ZO-1 and claudin-1. Right sciatic nerve specimens were taken and processed for HandE, toluidine blue stains, S100, CD34 and caspase-3 immunohistochemical stains and TEM. Number of CD34 immunopositive cells and area percent of S100 and caspase-3 immunoreaction were measured, in addition to G-ratio and capillary luminal area. This was followed by statistical analysis. Results: DN group showed altered biochemical and histological features; axonopathy, Schwannopathy and angiopathy, with affected NCV and telocyte-like cells (TLCs). PRP and PPP groups showed comparable results to each other and to the control. They revealed almost normal biochemical and histological features and NCV. In addition, they revealed significant increase in S100 and CD34 immunoexpression with significant decrease in area percent of caspase-3 versus DN group. Conclusion: PPP and PRP proved to exert ameliorative effect on DN through improving the biochemical and histopathological altera¬tions and TLCs preservation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Egyptian Journal of Histology is the property of Egyptian Journal of Histology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: With increasing the use of cell phones, the interest of examining the hazards that could affect health of people, which may or may not lead to cancer, infertility, or birth defects, was elevated. Recently, a natural flavonoid compound, Naringenin (NG) had received considerable attention as an antioxidant. Aim of the work: Evaluating the effects of mobile phone use on the testes of adult rats, the progress of spontaneous recovery and the protective role of NG supplementation against these effects. Materials and Methods: Twenty-four adult male albino rats were equally divided into four groups; control (I), (II) mobile, (III) mobile-NG and (IV) recovery. Mobile group exposed to 900 MHz continuous RF-EMW emitted by talk mode for one hour daily for 8 weeks. Mobile-NG group exposed to RF-EMW like group III for 8 weeks concomitant with NG treatment 50 mg/kg/day orally. While recovery group exposed to the same RF-EMW for 8 weeks then kept unexposed for another 8 weeks for recovery. Serum levels of testosterone hormone, epididymal sperm counts and testicular malondialdehyde (MDA) level were measured. Testicular sections were stained with H&E and immunohistochemical stains for PCNA, p53, CX43 and AR, that were subjected to morphometric and statistically analysis. Results: Deterioration of histological architecture of testes and biochemical and morphometric parameters were recorded in mobile group. However, preservation of the testicular histological structure and restoration of the normal biochemical and morphometric parameters were obvious in group IV. On the other hand, the recovery group showed incomplete improvement where some testicular affection was noted. Conclusion: Mobile phones might have injurious effects on testes that partially recovered after stoppage of exposure to EMW. However, NG co-administration was protective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Melasma is a symmetric progressive hyperpigmentation of the facial skin that occurs in all races but has a predilection for darker skin phenotypes. Depigmenting agents, laser and chemical peeling as classic Jessner's solution, modified Jessner's solution and trichloroacetic acid have been used alone and in combination in the treatment of melasma. Objectives: The aim of the study was to compare the therapeutic effect of combined 15% Trichloroacetic acid (TCA) and modified Jessner's solution with 15% TCA on melasma. Materials and Methods: Twenty married females with melasma (epidermal type), with a mean age of 38.25 years, were included in this study. All were of skin type III or IV. Fifteen percent TCA was applied to the whole face, with the exception of the left malar area to which combined TCA 15% and modified Jessner's solution was applied. Results: Our results revealed statistically highly significant difference between MASI Score (Melasma Area and Severity Index) between the right malar area and the left malar area. Conclusion: Modified Jessner's solution proved to be useful as an adjuvant treatment with TCA in the treatment of melasma, improving the results and minimizing postinflammatory hyperpigmentation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]