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Background and Objectives: Leishmaniasis is a disease produced by several species of protozoa of the Leishmania genus. As a therapeutic agent, garlic (Allium sativum) is one of the most popular plants in traditional medicinal systems and is increasingly becoming important in herbal alternative therapy. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of aqueous garlic extract (AGE) on enhancing T-helper IL-10 and IL-12 cytokines in the culture via macrophages for engulfment and destruction of Leishmania. Methods: After proliferation of macrophages in culture and incubation with Leishmania during 72 hours, we added aqueaous garlic extract by several doses 9.25, 18.5, 37, 74 and 148µg/ml for 18, 24 and 48 hours. Trypan blue and MTT tests were carried out in order to test the safety of extracts and j744 cells treated with them, as well as cell viability. An enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA) was performed on macrophages for interleukin IL-10 and IL-12. Results: The results suggested that garlic extract may provide effective therapy against Leishmania. Our results showed that dose of 37µg/ml for 48 hours of garlic extract destructed promastigots by IL-12 secreted from macrophages.Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, IL-12 is crucial for defense against parasitic pathogens. IL-12 administration differentially affected immune response to invading Leishmania parasites.

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk bisa mengetahui tentang implementasi kurikulum Merdeka pada pembelajaran IPAS di SD Negeri 02 Talang Anau Kabupaten Lima Puluh Kota serta hambatan dalam pengimplementasiannya. Metode penelitian yang digunakan berupa metode kualitatif deskriptif dengan menggunakan teknik wawancara, dokumentasi, dan observasi kepada wali kelas serta siswa kelas IV. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah SD Negeri 02 Talang Anau telah menerapkan Kurikulum Merdeka, namun dalam pengimplementasiannya masih ditemukan beberapa hambatan seperti keterbatasan sumber daya, kesulitan guru dalam menyesuaikan media pembelajaran, kurangnya kemampuan guru dalam mengkondisikan kelas, media pembelajaran tidak dimanfaatkan secara optimal, kurang banyaknya penilaian yang dilakukan, waktu yang singkat untuk menilai.

Helopeltis spp. (Hemiptera), merupakan salah satu hama utama pada beberapa tanaman buah dan komoditas perkebunan. Di Indonesia, Helopeltis diketahui menyerang tanaman teh, kakao, kina, jambu mete, lada, dan hama minor pada tanaman kehutanan. Tidak hanya di Indonesia, Helopeltis juga telah menjadi hama utama pada berbagai komoditas lintas negara. Penurunan produksi secara signifikan akibat serangan hama ini menjadi alasan penting untuk pengendalian yang lebih akurat dan tepat sasaran. Tanaman yang terserang akan menunjukkan bercak coklat kehitaman dan mengering sehingga menyebabkan kuantitas dan kualitas produk menurun. Hama ini menjadi tantangan serius dalam perdagangan domestik dan luar negeri. Untuk keputusan pengelolaan yang lebih baik, sangat penting untuk mengetahui status hama, distribusi, kisaran inang, dan lain-lain. Hal ini berarti untuk pengendalian tersebut perlu adanya pengetahuan dasar mengenai Helopeltis itu sendiri. Teknik pengendalian utama yang masih digunakan oleh petani saat ini adalah aplikasi pestisida sintetik. Namun, seiring meningkatnya minat masyarakat terhadap produk yang ramah lingkungan dan aman terhadap kesehatan maka diperlukan alternatif pengendalian lainnya. Kajian jurnal ini membahas lebih dalam mengenai Helopeltis spp baik dari biologi, kelimpahan, perilaku makan, nilai ekonomi, interaksi dengan organisme lain, serta upaya pengendaliannya.

Purpose – This study aimed to determine the effect of financial literacy and word of mouth on the intention to use financing with religiosity as a moderating variable in the BMT UGT Nusantara Capem Pujon. Methodology – This study employs a quantitative approach using primary data collected through accidental sampling. A total of 104 respondents, members of BMT UGT Nusantara Capem Pujon, who use financing products, participated by completing a Likert-scale questionnaire. Data were analyzed using Partial Least Squares (PLS) with SmartPLS version 3.2.9. Findings – The research findings indicate that financial literacy positively influences the intention to use BMT financing products. By contrast, word-of-mouth did not significantly affect this intention. Religiosity moderates the relationship between financial literacy and intention as well as between word-of-mouth and intention. Implications – These findings have several implications for BMT. First, enhancing financial literacy among members can significantly increase their intentions to use financial products. Second, given that word-of-mouth is not a significant factor, BMT should focus more on educational programs rather than relying solely on customer referrals. Finally, integrating religiosity into financial literacy initiatives could further strengthen members' intention to use the BMT's financial products, aligning with their values and beliefs. Originality – The novelty of this study lies in exploring how financial literacy, word of mouth, and religiosity collectively shape the intention to use financing products at BMT UGT Nusantara Capem Pujon, emphasizing the moderating role of religiosity in customized educational strategies to improve financial decisions within Islamic financial institutions.

This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge levels of medical school students and residents about ionising radiation. The study is designed as descriptive research, and it was conducted with 369 medical school students and residents. A survey form was used in the research. A Chi-square test was used to compare categorical variables. In the study, 369 people were reached within the scope of the research. A total of 60.7% of the research participants were clinical medicine students (4th, 5th, 6th grade) and 39.3% were residents. A total of 42.0% of the participants of the study were male, 58.0% were women. It was found that 17.9% of the clinical medical students and 18.6% of the residents had sufficient knowledge of ionising radiation (p=0.002). A total of 87.0% of the participants in the study answered correctly that magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) does not contain radiation and 93.5% answered correctly that ultrasonography (USG) does not contain radiation. 74.8% of the participants stated that having knowledge about ionising radiation would contribute to "protecting sensitive groups from ionising radiation" in medical practice. This ratio is 77.2% in clinical medicine students and 71.0% in residents. The study found that knowledge levels of medical faculty students and residents about ionising radiation were insufficient. Medical students and residents are recommended to be trained on radiation and the radiological requests of residents to be evaluated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Shiga-toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) is an important food-borne pathogen causing human diseases with severe symptoms. Although the O157 serotype has been mostly isolated from human specimens, the increasing incidence rates of non-O157 serogroups have attracted special attention in recent years. Aims: Evaluation of the epidemiology and identification of different characteristics of STEC isolates from raw beef, chicken meat, and vegetable samples in Shiraz, Southwest Iran. Methods: Two hundred beef and chicken meat samples from different parts of carcasses and four hundred vegetable samples (carrots, lettuce, cucumber, and leafy greens) were randomly taken; STEC were isolated and confirmed using standard microbiological methods. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) was performed using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used for the identification of O-serogroups, virulence, and antibiotic resistance genes. Results: 52% of beef, 8% of chicken, and 7.2% of vegetable samples were STEC-positive. Further, the highest frequency of virulence factors belonged to the coexistence of stx1 and stx2. O157 serogroup was only detected in beef (3.8%) and lettuce (16.6%) isolates, while the rates of the non-O157 serogroups were relatively high (up to 44.2%). The highest resistance rate in the STEC isolates of different samples belonged to nalidixic acid (62.5%), tetracycline (55.7%), and ampicillin (48%). Conclusion: Paying more attention to non-O157 serogroups in future studies is recommended due to the relatively high prevalence of theses STEC serogroups in our study. Besides, the high level of resistance to some antibiotics observed in this study needs to be addressed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Penanaman karakter merupakan proses pendidikan dalam membentuk nilai-nilai kebaikan yang dilakukan melalui pembiasaan sehari-hari. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana implementasi pendidikan yang dalam menanamkan karakter peduli lingkungan pada anak usia dini. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah metode kualitatif deskriptif. Penelitian bertempat di OISCA Jakarta Multicultural Kindergarten yang merupakan satuan Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini internasional berbasis Jepang berlokasi di Jakarta Selatan. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Peneliti mengumpulkan berbagai informasi bagaimana proses penanaman karakter pembelajaran sehari-hari yang dilakukan di OISCA pada peserta didik di sekolah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dalam penanaman karakter peduli lingkungan di OISCA melalui pengembangan kurikulum sekolah, pengembangan proses dalam pembelajaran, dan kesehatan lingkungan pendidikan di sekolah.

Almost all activities in all sectors are supported by technology and information. Fintech has attracted much attention, but the current use of Fintech is still in doubt. This study aims specifically to determine the specific benefits that are felt as well as the negative impacts arising from the use of Fintech together can influence the use of Fintech repeatedly, specifically for the younger generation. This type of research is quantitative research. The sampling method used is Quota Sampling. In this study, 20 samples will be taken from several universities in Malang. Based on the results of the research and discussion of this study, it can be concluded that the higher the economic benefits and comfort provided by Fintech, the higher the recurring assistance for Fintech. Financial risk (financial influence) as a moderating variable that influences the effect of economic benefits (economic benefits) on the continuation of financial technology intentions (intention to use repeatedly in financial technology products). The financial risk offered by Fintech means the higher interest in using Fintech because of the higher the level of Fintech usage the higher.

This study aims to examine the effect of product quality and price on purchasing decisions through buying interest. This study uses a quantitative approach. The analytical model used in this study is path analysis using SPSS 16. The data used are primary data through questionnaires. Samples were taken as many as 100 respondents who were determined by purposive sampling technique. The results showed that Product Quality had an effect on Purchase Decisions with a significance of 0.016

Customer orientation is one of the solutions to overcome competition between businesses in this era. As many similar businesses have emerged, generating customer loyalty is one of the company’s strategies to compete and increase the sales of products. The objective of this study is to determine the effect of product diversity and quality of service on loyalty in terms of customer satisfaction. The quantitative approach is chosen in this study to obtain the expected results, while the path analysis test and the classical assumption test are used as the analysis model. The data source referred to in this study is the result of a questionnaire in the form of respondents’ responses. The population in this study were all customers of the “Toko Pertanian Subur”. A total of 98 respondents were taken as the sample which was determined by purposive sampling technique. After conducting the research, it is found that product diversity and service quality had a positive effect directly on customer loyalty with a significance level of less than alpha (0.050). The product diversity variable also does not have a mediating effect on loyalty when viewed from customer satisfaction. In addition, there is no mediating effect between service quality variables on loyalty in terms of customer satisfaction.

Heterosigma akashiwoshows remarkable ultrastructural changes during the recovery from a late stationary phase (“aged” culture) induced by nutrient depletion.H. akashiwocells showed different morphological types in “aged” cultures, with an increase in irregular cells and cell fragments. The irregular cells mostly corresponded to an amoeboid shape of the cell. Many of these cells showed chloroplasts with a homogeneous matrix of medium electron density lacking most thylakoids and condensed nucleus, probably as a result of cyst/resting cells germination. In other cells, we observed nuclear blebbing without chromatin condensation and changes in mitochondrion ultrastructure. Some vegetative cells in active phase (“young” culture) were connected to each other, apparently phagocytizing cytoplasmic fragments and intact chloroplasts in the medium. An explanation for the phenomenon may reside in the need of acquiring organic material after nutrient reduction for a faster recovery. On the basis of our observations, we conclude that some ultrastructural features, normally used to distinguish between different species and strains of Raphidophyceae, may be related to different physiological states and should be used with caution for systematic purposes. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The present study was undertaken on twelve (12) bovines for castration. All animals were treated with inj. Tolfenamic acid as pre-emptive analgesia. The animals were randomly divided into two groups. In Group I, ring block was performed at the neck of scrotum using 2% Lignocaine hcl, whereas in Group II, linear infiltration of 2% Lignocaine hcl was undertaken on spermatic cord where jaws of burdizzo castrator were applied. To evaluate the efficacy of these two methods assessment of analgesia, clinico-physiological and biochemical parameters were studied. It was concluded that local analgesia undertaken around spermatic cord was superior as compared to ring block. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study determined the antihyperglycemic and antioxidant activity of nanoemulsion extracts of M. affine leaves in alloxan-induced rats. This research used 24 male Wistar rats around three months old which grouped as normal (untreated), negative control (treated with carboxymethyl cellulose sodium/Na-CMC,), positive control (treated with glibenclamide), and various concentration (30, 60, and 90%) of nanoemulsion extract of M. affine leaves groups. The extract of M. affine leaves had an antioxidant activity with IC50 5.30 ppm, categorized as a very strong antioxidant. Furthermore, the administration of this extract decreased glucose levels in antihyperglycemic rats. We concluded that M. affine leaves extract potential as antioxidants and be developed as an ingredient for diabetic drugs.

Deep learning technology has a better result when trained using an abundant amount of data. However, collecting such data is expensive and time consuming. On the other hand, limited data often be the inevitable condition. To increase the number of data, data augmentation is usually implemented. By using it, the original data are transformed, by rotating, shifting, or both, to generate new data artificially. In this paper, generative adversarial networks (GAN) and deep convolutional GAN (DCGAN) are used for data augmentation. Both approaches are applied for diseases detection. The performance of the tea diseases detection on the augmented data is evaluated using various deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) including AlexNet, DenseNet, ResNet, and Xception. The experimental results indicate that the highest GAN accuracy is obtained by DenseNet architecture, which is 88.84%, baselines accuracy on the same architecture is 86.30%. The results of DCGAN accuracy on the use of the same architecture show a similar trend, which is 88.86%.

Abstract At the moment, there are increasing trends of using deep learning for plant diseases detection. However, their implementations may be difficult in developing countries due to several reasons. First, existing deep learning models are usually trained with images with adequate resolutions. In developing countries however, with limited internet connection, models that would perform well even when data with low resolution are used are needed. Secondly, the generated models are large. Hence, most deep learning based applications are available on-line. Unfortunately, the trend for new deep learning architectures are either have larger models or require a heavy memory usage. So, models with smaller size would be preferred. In this paper, we evaluate various existing deep learning models for plant diseases detection when low resolution data are used. They are: VGGNet, AlexNet, Resnet, Xception, and MobileNet. Our focus is deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) which is commonly applied for image data. We also propose a new DCNN architecture with two branches of concatenated residual networks. It is well known that the deeper the networks the better performance of DCNN. However, DCNN with very deep networks and large number of training parameters is prone to vanishing gradient problems. One solutions for that is to apply residual networks as branches to DCNN. While it is found that increasing the branch of the networks benefit the performance, larger memory are required to train the networks. So, we apply two concatenated residual networks only. We called it Compact Networks (ComNet). We compare our method other with six popular CNN architectures. We evaluate the performance on the PlantVillage dataset and our own dataset. We collected images of tea leaves which consist of 6 classes: 5 classes of diseases that are commonly found in Indonesia and a healthy class. Our experiments show that our method is generally better than referenced DCNN networks.

Abstract Background Cortisol is the main stress hormone mobilised during surgery to establish homeostasis. Our current understanding of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis physiology in children undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass is very limited due to: (1) very few cortisol time point measurements over long periods (2) difficulties of sampling in low weight babies and (3) the concomitant use of glucocorticoids at anaesthesia induction. This lack of understanding is reflected in a lack of consensus on the utility of glucocorticoids perioperatively in cardiac surgery with the use of cardiopulmonary bypass. Methods The Peacock Study is a prospective, two-centre, observational cohort study of 78 children (undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass procedures and non-surgical procedures - split by age/cyanosis) that aims to characterise in detail the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis physiology of children using the stress model of paediatric cardiac surgery. Also, we aim to correlate cortisol profiles with clinical outcome data. We herein describe the main study design and report the full cortisol profile of one child undergoing heart surgery, thus proving the feasibility of the method. Results We used an automated, 24-h tissue microdialysis system to measure cortisol and cortisone, every 20 min. We herein report one cortisol profile of a child undergoing heart surgery. Besides, we measured serum cortisol and adrenocorticotrophic hormone at seven-time points for correlation. Tissue concentrations of cortisol increased markedly several hours after the end of surgery. We also noted an increase in the tissue cortisol/cortisone ratio during this response. Conclusion We report for the first time, the use of an automated microdialysis sampling system to evaluate the paediatric adrenal response in children. Changes in cortisol and cortisone could be measured, and the concentration of cortisol in the tissues increased after the end of cardiac surgery. The method has wide application to measure other hormones dynamically and frequently without the limitation of the circulating blood volume. The data from the main study will clarify how these cortisol profiles vary with age, pathology, type of procedure and correlation to clinical outcomes. Trial registration ISCRTN registry, number: 982586.

The role of the tea commodity in the economy of Indonesia is quite strategic. Various types of microorganisms in nature have been known to increase the benefit of the root function, suppress disease, and accelerate plant growth. This study aimed to determine the potential of indigenous bacteria (Azoto II-1, Acinetobacter sp., bacteria Endo-5, bacteria Endo-65 and Endo-76) on the growth of tea plants and their potential in increasing resistance to blister blight disease. The test of microbes’ potential effect on growth and blister blight was conducted in Gambung, West Java in an experimental field using a randomized block design (RBD) with six treatments and each treatment was replicated four times. The composition of the treatments was: A) Endo-5; B) Endo-65; C) Endo-76; D) Azoto II-1; E) Acinetobacter sp.; and F) control (without microbes). Bacterial suspension was applied directly to the soil at a dose of 2 l · ha−1. The bacterial suspension was applied six times at 1 week intervals. The results of field observations indicated that the intensity of blister blight decreased in all treatments but did not significantly differ from the control. Meanwhile, the results of Acinetobacter sp. treatment in tea shoots was 17.26% higher than the control.

One factor affecting the quality of tea is the selection of plant material that would be planted on the field. Clonal selection is a common way to produce tea with better quality. However, as a natural cross pollination species, tea often consists of various clones or progenies of cross-pollinated process. This commonly occurs on plantations owned by smallholder farmers. To produce a consistent quality tea, the clones or progenies need to be identified. Usually, human experts distinguish the plants from leaves by visual inspection on the physical attributes of the leaves, such as the textures, the bone structures, and the colors. It is very difficult for non-experts or common farmers to do such identifications. In this, we propose a deep learning-based identification of tea clones. We apply deep convolutional neural network (CNN) to identify 3 types of tea clones of Gambung series, a series of tea clones developed at Research Institute of Tea and Cinchona. Our study indicates that the performance of the CNN systems are affected by the depth of the convolutional layers. VGGNet, a popular CNN architectures with 16 layers, achieves better accuracy compared to AlexNet, a CNN with 6 layers.

to data from PT Islamic Bank Panin Tbk. Branch Malang for 2011, financial funds that have been channeled was 31.354 billion, 19.8 billion for the year 2012, and 4.760 billion for 2013. The above data is data new financing (liquid) in that year. From those data, we can see that from year to year financing funds decreased, therefore in intense competition conditions, PT Panin Bank Syariah Tbk. (PBS) need to define appropriate strategies to obtain a positive response from the community. And also, the products and services offered in accordance with the needs of the people, so that the funds disbursed for financing fund products can be increased and financing products can compete eith both other Islamic Bank and Conventional Bank in Malang. This study will be conducted at branch office of PT. Islamic Bank Panin Tbk. Malang located at Jl Mgr Sugiopranoto No. 7 Malang, East Java Province. The research is a qualitative study with a descriptive approach. According Moleong (2005) qualitative research as a research procedure that produces descriptive data in the form of words written or spoken of people and behaviors that can be observed. From the results of the SWOT matrix, several appropriate strategies could be taken by the circumstances Branch Office PT Panin Syariah Bank Tbk. Malang. Based on several things: Segmentation, Targeting, Positioning, Marketing Mix. Based on the research that has been conducted by researchers, there are several conclusions that can be drawn from the results of this study are: a) marketing strategy, especially marketing financial products that are applied by PT Islamic Bank Panin Tbk. Branch Office Malang includes several strategies, namely strategies pick up the ball, referrals, build networks, provide servise excellent, and provide facilities satisfactory to increase confidence and customer satisfaction, so that existing customers will not run away from the bank, b) The results of a SWOT analysis states that PT Islamic Bank Panin Tbk. Malang branch office has been able to compete in a competitive market competition in Malang. Keywords: SWOT, marketing mix, segmentasi, targeting, positioning

Sungai Jerowan merupakan anak sungai Bengawan Solo yang digunakan oleh masyarakat dalam aktivitas bidang pertanian maupun perikanan. Selain itu pada beberapa titik masih terdapat masyarakat yang menggunakan sungai tersebut untuk melakukan kegiatan MCK dan pembuangan limbah rumah tangga, peternakan dan pertanian yang mengakibatkan bertambahnya beban pencemar di air sungai. Studi komunitas ikan diperlukan sehubungan dengan kondisi perairan Sungai Jerowan sebagai aspek pengelolaan sumber daya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui keanekaragaman dan jenis sebaran dari ikan di daerah aliran Sungai Jerowan. Dengan menggunakan metode survei yang dilakukan pada tiga stasiun dengan tiga kali ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan hasil komposisi dari ikan yang ditemukan di Sungai Jerowan terdiri dari terdiri atas 6 spesies yaitu ikan Betok (Anabas testudineus), ikan Belanak (Liza subviridis), ikan Keting (Mystus micrachantus), ikan Wader (Rasbora argyrotaenia), ikan Sepat Siam (Trichogaster pectoralis), ikan Gatul (Gambusia affinis). Stasiun 1 memiliki nilai keanekaragaman rendah dan pola sebaran ikan termasuk pemencaran individu yang cenderung acak, stasiun 2 memiliki nilai keanekaragaman rendah dengan pola sebaran termasuk pemencaran individu yang cenderung berkelompok dan stasiun 3 memiliki nilai keanekaragaman rendah dengan pola sebaran termasuk pemencaran individu yang cenderung merata. Nilai parameter kualitas air pada setiap stasiun dapat dikatakan layak untuk pertumbuhan dan kehidupan ikan.

Pseudapocryptes elongatus adalah sejenis Mudskipper yang ditemukan di muara-muara atau mulut sungai. Pseudapocryptes elongatus dikenal dengan ikan janjan. Para penduduk setempat menangkap ikan ini untuk digunakan sebagai ikan konsumsi karena mempunyai rasa yang gurih dan tekstur yang lembut, sampai saat ini permintaan terhadap ikan janjan masih tinggi, namun keberadaan ikan janjan masih tergantung dari hasil tangkapan nelayan. Keberadaanya beberapa tahun terakhir mulai menurun ditandai dengan semakin kecilnya ukuran ikan hasil tangkapan dan semakin menurun hasil tangkapan maka keberadaannya di alam terancam mengalami kepunahan. Domestikasi merupakan salah satu cara untuk mencegah ikan janjan dari kepunahan, tetapi informasi tentang biologi ikan janjan masih sangat terbatas, termasuk tentang kebiasaan makan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kebiasaan makan ikan janjan pada bulan Nopember sampai Januari, sehingga akan bermanfaat sebagai acuan usaha domestikasi. Metode penelitian bersifat deskriptif dengan cara mengambil ikan janjan di muara kali miring kabupaten Gresik dua minggu sekali dari bulan Nopember sampai Agustus. Ikan kemudian diukur panjang dan ditimbang beratnya, kemudian dibedah untuk diambil saluran pencernaannya untuk dilakukan analisis tentang kebiasaan makan. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ikan janjan merupakan ikan omnivora dengan Relative Gut Length < 3, dengan makanan utama berupa diatom (37,57%), disusul kemudian oleh Rotifera, Cyanophyta, Protista, Chlorophyta, dan Arthropoda sebesar (30,69%; 26, 39%; 4%; 1,22% dan 0,12% berturut-turut).

The tea green leafhopper, Empoasca flavescens, is a major pest of tea Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze. Until recently, it has mainly been controlled by pesticides, but their use has led to high levels of toxic residues in plants, which threaten both the environment and human health. Therefore, a safer biological control approach is needed. Tea plants produce many volatile compounds, and different tea clones differ in their resistance to the pest. We explored the possibility that volatile compounds influence the resistance of tea. Here, we assessed the resistance of 15 clones of tea plants to the pest, the volatile compounds produced by the clones, and the effects of the compounds on E. flavescens behavior. Six clones were classified as resistant, eight as moderately susceptible, and one as susceptible. Fresh leaf samples from resistant and susceptible clones were analyzed using HS–SPME–GC–MS. Sesquiterpenes and monoterpenes were two major groups characterized, representing 30.15% and 26.98% of the total compounds, respectively. From our analysis, we conclude that 3-hexen-1-ol, 2,6-dimethyleneoct-7-en-3-one, humulene, β-bourbonene, styrene, and benzaldehyde were important for the resistance and susceptibility of the clones. In a bioassay, E. flavescens were attracted to β-ocimene and methyl salicylate, but avoided linalool compounds.

Malang is a densely populated city with 927,285 residents. This has an impact on the development of transportation to meet daily needs. Transportation services are very diverse, such as public transportation, buses, and motorcycle taxis. Nowadays, motorcycle taxi services have developed into online motorcycle taxis that provide convenience to the public. One of the services is Go-Ride. This transportation service is often used by customers in the city of Malang. Therefore, it becomes important to know the level of customer satisfaction fluctuates with the various services provided. The research is conducted by using quantitative method with random sampling technique (accidental sampling) of 100 respondents from 5 districts. The sampling technique use multiple linear regression analysis that is the analysis used with test instruments (validity and reliability tests) and classical assumption tests (tests of normality, heteroscedasticity and multicollinearity) as analytical tools. The results of this study are evidence of physical approval/ tangible (X1), Reliability (X2), Responsiveness (X3), Assurance (X4) and Empathy (X5) on customer satisfaction (Y) simultaneously having an influence significant. However, physically only tangible / physical evidence (X1) and empathy (X5) to related customer satisfaction, while other variables are not related such as Reliability (X2), Responsiveness (X3) and Assurance (X4).

Abstrak Perairan Wonorejo merupakan salah satu daerah penghasil kepiting bakau di Surabaya. Namun perairan ini berpotensi mengalami pencemaran logam berat akibat aktivitas yang ada di daratan. Tembaga (Cu) merupakan salah satu jenis logam berat yang mencemari perairan Wonorejo dan jika dalam jumlah besar menyebabkan kerusakan hati organisme. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui konsentrasi logam berat tembaga pada kepiting bakau dan mengetahui keamanan pangan hasil tangkapan kepiting bakau di Sungai Wonorejo. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan April 2018 dengan pengambilan sampel di tiga stasiun dengan waktu setiap minggu selama tiga kali. Analisis logam berat tembaga (Cu) pada kepiting bakau (Scylla sp.), air dan sedimen dilakukan di Laboratorium Gizi Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat Universitas Airlangga. Metode penelitian menggunakan metode observasi yang dilakukan di perairan dan tambak di Wonorejo Surabaya. Sampel daging kepiting bakau, air dan sedimen diuji menggunakan alat Atomic Absoption Spectrophotometry (AAS). Hasil kandungan kadar logam berat tembaga (Cu) pada kepiting bakau di Sungai Wonorejo pada stasiun 1 dan 2 yaitu 0,008 mg/kg dan pada stasiun 3 yaitu 0,002 mg/kg dimana nilai kadar ini masih berada di bawah ambang batas baku mutu logam berat Cu pada kepiting yaitu 20 mg/kg. Abstract Wonorejo river as one area in Surabaya that has produce mud crab and potentially has heavy metal pollution caused by human activities. Copper (Cu) is on the heavy metals that pollute in the waters Wonorejo. Copper in large quantities can damage the liver. This research was conducted in April 2018 samples taken at three stations. Analysis of heavy metals copper (Cu) in samples of water, sediment, and meat of mud crab (Scylla sp.) is done in Laboratory Nutrition Department of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga. Other research methods of observation methods conducted in coastal areas and pond.Wonorejo Surabaya. Heavy metal testing of copper in samples of water, sediment, and meat of mud crab use Absorption Atomic Spectrophotometry (AAS). Results Cu content of heavy metal levels in the meat of mud crab in the Wonorejo river for site 1 and 2 was 0,008 mg/kg and for site 3 was 0,002 mg/kg. This shows the copper content in the meat of mud crab is under the allowable quality standards for copper of 20 mg/kg.

This study aims to analyze the practices of modernization in the pesantren of Salatiga in 2017. Modernization of Islamic boarding schools (pesantren) should be developed in order that their function as an Islamic educational institution is not eroded by times. In this study, the authors used a qualitative descriptive research method by conducting interviews, observation and field studies to three boarding school in Salatiga namely Pondok Pesantren An Nida, Pondok Pesantren Al Falah, and Pondok Pesantren Sunan Giri. The results of this study stated that the practices of modernization among others modernization of the curriculum; dynamic punishment; as well as the utilization of information technology and transformation to support boarding activities. Whereas the causes of modernization internal factors: curriculum of schools undergoing change, free use of communication tools, permissibility of carrying transportation, as well as a dynamic punishment; external factors (the interaction of students with the environment outside of pesantren and build a network with outsiders). The impact of modernization on the existence of pesantren include positive impacts for boarding schools (pesantren become more widely known and the curriculum becomes more advanced), for students (make students knowledgeable, students more familiar with the technology, the mobility of students becomes easier, and students become more self through self-employment. the negative effects tend to students who then impact the schools, such as students tend to be individualized; students more easily break the rules boarding school, and the erosion of moral values of students.

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Sardinella fish (Sardinella lemuru) is a species of important pelagic fish from the family of Clupeidae found in Bali Strait. The dynamic condition of Bali Strait makes it fertile which is identical with plankton blooming. The objective of this research was to understand the potential of saxitoxin in sardinella fish because of dinoflagellates consumption in Bali Strait. The research was conducted in Southeast Monsoon (June - August 2015) and Northwest Monsoon (December 2015 – February 2016). The method used was in situ plankton sampling, counting and ELISA test to determine the level of saxitoxin in the fish. Hydro-oceanographic parameters measured were temperatures, salinity, DO (dissolved oxygen), pH level, phosphate level, nitrate level and transparency. They showed average optimum value for phytoplankton growth especially during Southeast Monsoon which its temperature lower and the nutrients (phosphate nitrate) higher than the Northwest Monsoon. This condition caused high richness of phytoplankton in the water and followed with dinoflagellates richness so they accumulated in sardinella fish. It was supported by the analysis of the fish gastric which showed positive correlation between dinoflagellates richness in the water and the fish gastric. ELISA test also showed that saxitoxin level of fish caught in Southeast Monsoon was higher than the one caught in Northwest Monsoon even though the level of saxitoxin was still in the safe range (less than 80 μg STXeq. per 100 g) but the danger of saxitoxin accumulation should be watched out for.

Untuk memperoleh cara pengendalian yang efektif dan efisien sesuai dengan konsep Pengendalian Hama Terpadu telah dilakukan penelitian efektivitas berbagai kombinasi perlakuan terhadap Empoasca sp. pada tanaman teh. Pengujian dilakukan di Kebun Percobaan Gambung (1.250 mdpl) dan dirancang dalam Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan 8 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan. Perlakuan yang diuji meliputi: A. Paecilomyces fumosoroseus (Pfr); B. Lem perangkap (LP); C. Imidakloprid (I); D. Pfr + LP; E. Pfr + Ir; F. LP + Ir; G. Pfr + LP + Ir; dan H. kontrol. Pfr diperbanyak pada medium beras dengan dosis aplikasi 2,5 kg ha-1 dan imidakloprid 0,125 L ha-1 diaplikasikan dengan cara disemprotkan, sedangkan lem perangkap dipasang di tengah-tengah plot berukuran 5 m x 5 m. Parameter pengamatan terdiri dari intensitas serangan Empoasca sp., populasi Empoasca sp., dan produksi pucuk. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa setelah 3 kali aplikasi semua perlakuan menunjukkan penurunan intensitas serangan Empoasca sp. Setelah aplikasi keempat, perlakuan kombinasi LP + Ir secara konsisten menunjukkan efektivitas yang lebih tinggi dari perlakuan lainnya. Pada pengamatan keenam, rata-rata intensitas serangan Empoasca sp. pada perlakuan kombinasi LP + Ir sebesar 15,95% dengan rata-rata populasi 0,67 ekor per plot. Sementara itu, produksi pucuknya lebih tinggi 33,64% dibandingkan dengan kontrol. In order to obtain an effective and efficient control method in integrated pest management, a research to know the effectiveness of combination treatments on Empoasca sp. on tea plant had been conducted. The trial was carried out at Gambung Experimental Station (1,250 masl) and designed in Randomized Complete Block design (RCB), with 8 treatments and 3 replications. The treatment tested comprised with A. Paecilomyces fumosoroseus (Pfr); B. sticky trap (ST); C. imidacloprid (I); D. Pfr + ST; E. Pfr + I; F. ST + I; G. Pfr + ST + I; and H. control. Pfr multiplied in rice medium 2.5 kg ha-1 and imidacloprid 0.125 L ha-1 were sprayed, while sticky trap was set in the middle of 5 m x 5 m plot. The parameters observed were attack intensity of Empoasca sp., population of Empoasca sp, and tea shoot production. The results showed that after 3 times application of all treatments revealed a decrease in the attack intensity of Empoasca sp. After the fourth application, combination treatment of sticky trap (ST) + imidacloprid (I) consistently showed higher efficacy than other treatments. In the sixth observation, the average of Empoasca sp. attack intensity of combination treatment (ST + I) was 15.95% with an average population of 0.67 Empoasca sp. per plot. In the meantime, tea shoot production was 33.64% higher compared with control.

Plant diseases can cause a significant decrease in tea crop production. Early disease detection can help to minimize the loss. For tea plants, experts can identify the diseases by visual inspection on the leaves. However, providing experts to deal with disease identification may be very costly. The machine learning technology can be implemented to provide automatic plant disease detection. Currently, deep learning is state-of-the-art for object identification in computer vision. In this study, the researchers propose the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) for tea disease detections. The researchers focus on the implementation of concatenated CNN, namely GoogleNet, Xception, and Inception-ResNet-v2, for this task. About 4727 images of tea leaves are collected, comprising of three types of diseases that commonly occur in Indonesia and a healthy class. The experimental results confirm the effectiveness of concatenated CNN for tea disease detections. The accuracy of 89.64% is achieved.