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A review is presented of the use of geographic information systems (GIS) for the integrated analysis of geoscience information for mineral resource assessment. GIS was applied in the Gejiu, China, tin mine region. The mine has a long exploitation history but resources are nearly depleted. Application of GIS indicated the presence of new reserves of Cu and Sn totalling 30 000 t., A review is presented of the use of geographic information systems (GIS) for the integrated analysis of geoscience information for mineral resource assessment. GIS was applied in the Gejiu, China, tin mine region. The mine has a long exploitation history but resources are nearly depleted. Application of GIS indicated the presence of new reserves of Cu and Sn totalling 30 000 t.

Field studies and a spatial information method were used to evaluate the productivity of reclaimed areas based on evaluation factors including climate, site condition, profile shape, physical and chemical properties of the soil, nutrient status and soil management. Remote sensing, a global positioning system and a geographic information system were employed to generate an evaluation unit map for each land area. The membership grade for each factor was determined using a fuzzy logic approach and the combined weight of each factor obtained based on an analytical hierarchy process and the Delphi method. An integrated fertility index (IFI) reflecting the productivity of the reclaimed land areas was calculated for each area of land based on membership grades and the combined weights of all factors. Experimental data showed that the spatial information technique is an efficient method for field data collection, and quantitative analysis showed that the IFI is appropriate for describing the productivity of reclaimed land., Field studies and a spatial information method were used to evaluate the productivity of reclaimed areas based on evaluation factors including climate, site condition, profile shape, physical and chemical properties of the soil, nutrient status and soil management. Remote sensing, a global positioning system and a geographic information system were employed to generate an evaluation unit map for each land area. The membership grade for each factor was determined using a fuzzy logic approach and the combined weight of each factor obtained based on an analytical hierarchy process and the Delphi method. An integrated fertility index (IFI) reflecting the productivity of the reclaimed land areas was calculated for each area of land based on membership grades and the combined weights of all factors. Experimental data showed that the spatial information technique is an efficient method for field data collection, and quantitative analysis showed that the IFI is appropriate for describing the productivity of reclaimed land.

An integrated above-ground and underground visualisation framework model was developed based on entities in a mine database such as the orebody, rock body, well tube, tunnel and goaf. A mixed model was then used to take into account irregularities and non-uniformity in the entities and their dynamics in which 3D expressions of the entities were obtained. A case study is presented for the Yunnan Cu mine in China where 3D spatial data for the mine surface were collected including DEM, DOM and the buildings and roads in the mine. A spatial database of the mine was developed based on underground data including part of the orebody, tunnels and auxiliary facilities. The mixed modelling method was used to build 3D models of the orebodies and tunnels. A 3D visualisation system for the digital mine was developed to provide a scientific basis for the exploitation of the mine., An integrated above-ground and underground visualisation framework model was developed based on entities in a mine database such as the orebody, rock body, well tube, tunnel and goaf. A mixed model was then used to take into account irregularities and non-uniformity in the entities and their dynamics in which 3D expressions of the entities were obtained. A case study is presented for the Yunnan Cu mine in China where 3D spatial data for the mine surface were collected including DEM, DOM and the buildings and roads in the mine. A spatial database of the mine was developed based on underground data including part of the orebody, tunnels and auxiliary facilities. The mixed modelling method was used to build 3D models of the orebodies and tunnels. A 3D visualisation system for the digital mine was developed to provide a scientific basis for the exploitation of the mine.

The algorithm was developed for a large metal mine as part of a digital mine system. The tunnel is mathematically described using the centreline model and pre-processing of the centrelines is carried out to eliminate interference in the source data. Mine shafts and shafts with steep slopes are eliminated during pre-processing, while the interface is preserved for point-like objects such as blowers and directions such as the wind direction from blowers. The final algorithm is optimised by a filter method so that the calculation is only performed at the end- and hub-points and the amount of data to be processed in the algorithm is reduced., The algorithm was developed for a large metal mine as part of a digital mine system. The tunnel is mathematically described using the centreline model and pre-processing of the centrelines is carried out to eliminate interference in the source data. Mine shafts and shafts with steep slopes are eliminated during pre-processing, while the interface is preserved for point-like objects such as blowers and directions such as the wind direction from blowers. The final algorithm is optimised by a filter method so that the calculation is only performed at the end- and hub-points and the amount of data to be processed in the algorithm is reduced.