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We administered a questionnaire to participants who received different vaccination regimens to evaluate the effectiveness of Ad5-vectored COVID-19 vaccines. The results showed that administration of intramuscular Ad5-nCoV provided 21.32% more protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection than that of the inactivated COVID-19 vaccine in people who had received only one type of COVID-19 vaccine. Furthermore, aerosolized Ad5-nCoV exhibited good protection, whether it was administered as a homologous booster to people vaccinated with the intramuscular Ad5-nCoV or as a heterologous booster to people vaccinated with inactivated COVID-19 vaccines. Our research indicates that Ad5-nCoV is an effective booster. This finding supports the future selection of COVID-19 immunization strategies.

Yolk sac–derived microglia and peripheral monocyte–derived macrophages play a key role during Parkinson’s disease (PD) progression. However, the regulatory mechanism of microglia/macrophage activation and function in PD pathogenesis remains unclear. Recombination signal–binding protein Jκ (RBP-J)–mediated Notch signaling regulates macrophage development and activation. In this study, with an 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) hydrochloride-induced acute murine PD model, we found that Notch signaling was activated in amoeboid microglia accompanied by a decrease in tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)–positive neurons. Furthermore, using myeloid-specific RBP-J knockout (RBP-JcKO) mice combined with a PD model, our results showed that myeloid-specific disruption of RBP-J alleviated dopaminergic neurodegeneration and improved locomotor activity. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis showed that the number of infiltrated inflammatory macrophages and activated major histocompatibility complex (MHC) II+ microglia decreased in RBP-JcKO mice compared with control mice. Moreover, to block monocyte recruitment by using chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 2 (CCR2) knockout mice, the effect of RBP-J deficiency on dopaminergic neurodegeneration was not affected, indicating that Notch signaling might regulate neuroinflammation independent of CCR2+ monocyte infiltration. Notably, when microglia were depleted with the PLX5622 formulated diet, we found that myeloid-specific RBP-J knockout resulted in more TH+ neurons and fewer activated microglia. Ex vitro experiments demonstrated that RBP-J deficiency in microglia might reduce inflammatory factor secretion, TH+ neuron apoptosis, and p65 nuclear translocation. Collectively, our study first revealed that RBP-J–mediated Notch signaling might participate in PD progression by mainly regulating microglia activation through nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) signaling.

Mobile fans, as flexible and convenient new longitudinal ventilation and smoke extraction equipment for tunnels, demonstrate more significant effectiveness in an emergency response to tunnel fires compared to traditional smoke extraction methods. This study employs computational fluid dynamics simulation methods, selecting two fire scenarios to investigate the effects of fan inclined angles and fan airflow volumes on the longitudinal temperature distribution and smoke back-layering length in tunnels. The results indicate that when using mobile fans for longitudinal ventilation in tunnels, at a lower fan airflow volume, the temperature distribution along the longitudinal axis is nearly symmetrical. The fire source and the fan installed in the upstream are within a certain range, and it is more effective to use the horizontal angle for longitudinal ventilation. As the fan airflow volume increases, the back-layering length significantly decreases (210,000 m3/h < V < 270,000 m3/h). However, as the fan flow volume continues to increase (270,000 m3/h < V < 300,000 m3/h), the reduction in the back-layering length becomes less pronounced, the smoke spread distance of the latter is only 11% of that of the former. Therefore, selecting appropriate fan airflow volumes and fan inclined angles them can effectively enhance the performance of tunnel smoke extraction systems. Moreover, by comparing with traditional fans, we find that mobile fans provide an alternative effective strategy during firefighting by allowing adjustments in distance from the fire source and fan inclination angles, enhancing fire suppression effectiveness while reducing energy losses. The research findings can serve as a reference for tunnel fire prevention design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aiming at the time-domain sparsity and unknown sparsity of wireless channels, compressed sensing technology is applied to the channel estimation of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) system. This paper proposes a sparsity adaptive matching pursuit channel estimation algorithm. It uses the Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) channel estimation algorithm to process the noise inside and outside the cyclic prefix. The estimated channel frequency response is used to terminate the sparse iteration of the Orthogonal Matching Pursuit (OMP) algorithm and realize the sparsity adaptive signal reconstruction. At the same time, in the atomic preselection stage, the Dice coefficient criterion is used instead of the inner product criterion as the correlation measurement criterion to achieve better estimation performance. The simulation results show that the algorithm has better performance than the traditional compressed sensing channel estimation algorithm, and can improve the system’s Normalized Mean Square Error (NMSE) and Bit Error Rate (BER) performance.

Monitoring the dynamic fluctuations of plant immune signaling molecules is particularly meaningful and challenging in crop protection. Herein, four rhodamine-functionalized probes (F1-F4) were designed and synthesized to attempt to selectively detect a plant hormone salicylic acid (SA). Screening results revealed that probe F1 bearing a 4,5-dimethoxy-2-nitrobenzyl carbamate moiety was extremely sensitive and selective towards SA along with a conspicuous fluorescence “turn-on” manner. The Job’s plot experiment disclosed a 1:1 binding mode together with a binding constant of 1.34 × 104 M−1, indicating that an appreciable hydrogen bonding interaction happened between probe F1 and SA, thereby leading to the spirolactam ring breakage and the succeeding fluorescence generation. Concentration-dependent titration assays offered an available linear relationship for quantifying SA (15–70 μM) and the detection limit of probe F1 to SA was 1 μM. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations displayed that a smaller energy gap (ΔEF1-Ⅱ = 498.89 kJ/mol) was obtained between its lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) and highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO), manifesting that probe F1 was more reactive and sensitive than those of probes F2-F4 (ΔE = 567.07 ∼ 601.74 kJ/mol) after adsorption with salicylic acid. Meanwhile, the possible monitoring mechanism was elucidated by 1H NMR titration experiments, probe-SA DFT calculations, and HRMS. Finally, in vivo confocal imaging results found that probe F1 could delicately and selectively monitor SA on the roots of cucumber. This study can motivate the intensive exploration of multitudinous fluorescent probes for direct SA monitoring in vivo.