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Electrochemical hydrogenation of acetonitrile based on well-developed proton exchange membrane electrolyzers holds great promise for practical production of ethylamine. However, the local acidic condition of proton exchange membrane results in severe competitive proton reduction reaction and poor selection toward acetonitrile hydrogenation. Herein, we conduct a systematic study to screen various metallic catalysts and discover Pd/C exhibits a 43.8% ethylamine Faradaic efficiency at the current density of 200 mA cm-2 with a specific production rate of 2912.5 mmol g-1 h-1, which is about an order of magnitude higher than the other screened metal catalysts. Operando characterizations indicate the in-situ formed PdHx is the active centers for catalytic reaction and the adsorption strength of the *MeCH2NH2 intermediate dictates the catalytic selectivity. More importantly, the theoretical analysis reveals a classic d-band mediated volcano curve to describe the relation between the electronic structures of catalysts and activity, which could provide valuable insights for designing more effective catalysts for electrochemical hydrogenation reactions and beyond.

The safety and efficiency of lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) suggest a promising future for this technology, particularly in the automobile industry. However, thermal runaway—wherein a LIB undergoes an uncontrollable increase in temperature that may result in smoke, fire, or explosion—represents an important and widely studied failure type. Since the electrodes of LIBs are manufactured from porous composite materials, their heterogeneity can significantly influence the effective material characteristics and microscale behaviors of LIBs during operation. Microstructure geometric and electrochemical–thermal models are typically used to investigate these impacts. Herein, a microstructure geometric model is constructed of LIB's electrodes. A virtual multiphysics model is used to simulate the overcharging thermal runaway condition. The model's accuracy is validated through real‐world experiments. The model shows greater accuracy compared to the result from a conventional homogeneous geometric model and better reflects the heterogeneous internal phenomenon. The model is applied to a variable analysis in order to investigate how the varying heterogeneity of the cathode's porosity impacts the cell during overcharging thermal runaway behavior. Our results indicate that decreasing porosity heterogeneity at the cathode may delay thermal runaway, owing to the heterogeneous impact on particle diffusion behaviors and the side reaction rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aimed to investigate the potential association between the treatment with Xinfeng Capsule (XFC) and the risk of readmission among patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods: Through a retrospective approach, data were collected from all hospitalized patients diagnosed with RA at the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine between 2013 and 2021. To mitigate selection bias and confounding factors, patients were stratified into an XFC group and a Non-XFC (Non-XFC) group based on their treatment status using propensity score matching with a 1:2 ratio. Variables such as age, gender, and baseline medications were adjusted. Subsequently, the Cox proportional hazards model was employed to calculate the hazard ratio (HR) for readmission among RA patients, while Kaplan-Meier curves were utilized to depict the incidence of readmission. Results: A total of 9987 RA patients were included in this study. Following rigorous inclusion/exclusion criteria and propensity score matching, the XFC group comprised 2036 patients, while the Non-XFC group contained 4072 patients. The Cox proportional hazards model analysis revealed that XFC acted as a protective factor, significantly reducing the risk of readmission among RA patients. Further examination of Kaplan-Meier curves demonstrated that XFC use not only effectively lowered the frequency of readmissions but also exhibited a more pronounced effect in diminishing the risk of readmission with extended usage durations (beyond 12 months). Additionally, association rule analysis underscored the strong link between XFC and freedom from readmission, as well as the robust correlation between XFC usage and significant improvements in multiple laboratory indicators, including C3, C4, CRP, ESR, and others. Conclusion: This study underscores a robust and long-term association between XFC usage and lower readmission rates among RA patients. As a protective factor against readmission risk in these patients, the clinical value of XFC merits further promotion and investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the widespread investigations on the M‐N‐C type single atom catalysts (SACs) for oxygen evolution reaction (OER), an internal conflict between its intrinsic thermodynamically structural instability and apparent catalytic steadiness has long been ignored. Clearly unfolding this contradiction is necessary and meaningful for understanding the real structure‐property relation of SACs. Herein, by using the well‐designed pH‐dependent metal leaching experiments and X‐ray absorption spectroscopy, an unconventional structure reconstruction of M‐N‐C catalyst during OER process was observed. Combining with density functional theory calculations, the initial Ni−N coordination is easily broken in the presence of adsorbed OH*, leading to favorable formation of Ni−O coordination. The formed Ni−O works stably as the real active center for OER catalysis in alkaline media but unstably in acid, which clearly explains the existing conflict. Unveiling the internal contradiction between structural instability and catalytic steadiness provides valuable insights for rational design of single atom OER catalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]