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Xiaoting Fang,1,* Haijuan Liu,1,* Mina Wang,1 Guohua Wang2 1Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China; 2Gynecology, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing, China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Guohua Wang; Mina Wang, Email wgh1188@163.com; WMNmmm@126.comPurpose: This study aims to help researchers master the most active hotspots and trends quickly through bibliometric analysis in the field of dysmenorrhea.Methods: We retrieved literature on Web of Science from 2001 to 2021, and bibliometric analysis software CiteSpace was used in combination with VOSviewer.Results: We finally acquired 944 papers and an upward trend in articles continued in this field overall. Through the map, China contributed the most, followed by the USA and Turkey. For institutions, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine in China contributed the most, followed by National Yang-Ming University in Taiwan, China. Hsieh JC and Hellman KM were both the most prolific authors with 14 articles. Five major research groups, respectively, with Hsieh JC, Hellman KM, Zhu J, Liang F and Dun W were the key group. Dawood MY was the most dominant author and most frequently cited author. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews Journal was the most productive, and the Fertility and Sterility Journal was the most cited. Advances in pathogenesis and management for primary dysmenorrhea written by Dawood MY was most cited and influential. Pathophysiology, the potential central mechanism, syndrome, evaluation index, diagnosis of adenomyosis-associated dysmenorrhea, treatment, etc., were the main trends and hotspots.Conclusion: Dysmenorrhea research has received a lot of attention from scholars. Strengthening international cooperation may promote the development of this field. The pathophysiology of dysmenorrhea, its impact on public health and its treatment are current research hotspots and are lik

Marine picocyanobacterium Prochlorococcus contributes to a vital proportion of the global primary production, especially in the nutrient-limited oligotrophic oceans. Cyanophages that infect Prochlorococcus redirect the intracellular metabolism of their cyanobacterial host, releasing a variety of dissolved organic matter (DOM) from the lysed cells, eventually affecting the global biogeochemical cycling. This thesis presents studies on the host-phage interactions of the marine cyanobacterium Prochlorococcus, combining approaches from omics-techniques, as well as physiological and biochemical assays. Analysis of the within-host proteomes during phage infection is essential for revealing the molecular dynamics of host-phage interactions. As a consequence, we have conducted quantitative proteomics in two sets of relatively well-defined host-phage systems—the cyanopodovirus P-SSP7 and cyanomyovirus P-HM2 both infecting their host Prochlorococcus MED4. This work has been first time characterising the quantitative proteomics during infection of Prochlorococcus by marine cyanophages, which provides further insight into the infection dynamics and mechanism on both translational and post-translational level. Meanwhile, the lysis-induced phytoplankton-released DOM is important for the marine food web because it supports the growth of heterotrophic microorganisms. However, the impact of viral DOM on the uninfected phytoplankton remains largely unknown. We therefore examined the cyanobacterial responses towards viral lysis products. First, we have determined the elemental concentrations and amino acid compositions of the phytoplankton-derived DOM. Employing transcriptomic sequencing and biochemical assays, DOM-responsive genes and metabolism of the host Prochlorococcus have been identified and further validated. Collectively, the combined work presented herein has advanced the understandings of host-phage interactions of marine cyanobacterium Prochlorococcus, linking the infectio

Background: There are six known families of homing endonucleases, LAGLIDADG, GIY-YIG, HNH, His-Cys box, PD-(D/E)-XK, and EDxHD, which are characterized by their conserved residues. Previously, we discovered a novel homing endonuclease F-Cphl encoded by ORF177 of cyanophage S-PM2. F-Cphl does not resemble any characterized homing endonucleases. Instead, the C-terminus of F-Cphl aligns well with the N-termmal catalytic domain of a Holliday junction DNA resolvase, phage T4 endonuclease VII (Endo VII). Results: A PSI-BLAST search resulted in a total of 313 Endo VII motif-containing sequences in sequenced genomes. Multiple sequence alignment showed that the catalytically important residues of T4 Endo VII were all well conserved in these proteins Our site-directed mutagenesis studies further confirmed that the catalytically important residues of T4 Endo VII were also essential for F-Cphl activity, and thus F-Cphl might use a similar protien fold as Endo VII for DNA cleavage. A phylogenetic tree of the Endo VII motif-containing sequences showed that putative resolvases grouped into one clade while putative homing endonucleases and restriction endonucleases grouped into another clade. Conclusions: Based on the unique conserved residues, we proposed that F-Cphl represents a new homing endonuclease family, which was named the DHHRN family. Our phylogenetic analysis could be used to predict the functions of many previously unknown proteins.

Marine chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) and its related fluorescent components (FDOM), which are widely distributed but highly photobleached in the surface ocean, are critical in regulating light attenuation in the ocean. However, the origins of marine FDOM are still under investigation. Here we show that cultured picocyanobacteria, Synechococcus and Prochlorococcus, release FDOM that closely match the typical fluorescent signals found in oceanic environments. Picocyanobacterial FDOM also shows comparable apparent fluorescent quantum yields and undergoes similar photo-degradation behaviour when compared with deep-ocean FDOM, further strengthening the similarity between them. Ultrahigh-resolution mass spectrometry (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy reveal abundant nitrogen-containing compounds in Synechococcus DOM, which may originate from degradation products of the fluorescent phycobilin pigments. Given the importance of picocyanobacteria in the global carbon cycle, our results indicate that picocyanobacteria are likely to be important sources of marine autochthonous FDOM, which may accumulate in the deep ocean.