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This research studies Chinese students' choice of transnational higher education in the context of the higher education market. Through a case study of the students in the transnational higher education programs of W University, the research finds that Chinese students' choice of transnational higher education is a complicated decision-making that is influenced by push factors related to domestic higher education and overseas higher education, pull factors related to transnational higher education and student's characteristics such as economic condition, academic aptitude, and future plans. Compared with domestic higher education and overseas higher education, transnational higher education is a second choice. It is being used by the majority of students as a tool to regain access to high-quality domestic higher education institutions and to gain access to overseas higher education. Currently, there exist information gaps between students and transnational higher education programs, which prevent students from making an informed decision when they choose a particular program.

This article presents an empirical study of transnational higher education in China at the institutional level. The units of analysis are the Chinese partner universities of transnational higher education programs. Through comparison of research universities and teaching universities, the study finds that transnational higher education programs are developed and perceived differently by these two categories of universities. For teaching universities, transnational higher education is mainly used to expand enrollment. It is the most active internationalization activity on campus. For research universities, especially top research universities, transnational higher education's major function is to provide academic opportunities for those aspiring for advanced professional degrees. It is only one of the many internationalization activities on campus. Teaching universities tend to use transnational higher education more to generate revenue and reduce cost. (Contains 2 tables and 8 figures.)

The complete genomic sequence of Vibrio parahaemolyticus strain HN1 was determined. The HN1 genome consisted of two circular chromosomes, with a total length of 5,024,488 bp and a G + C content of 45.16%. In total, 4,580 coding genes with an average length of 944 bp were identified. Among them, 3,818 genes (83.36%) were annotated to the Clusters of Orthologous Groups (COG) database; 2,811 (61.38%) to the Gene Ontology (GO) database; and 2,493 (54.43%) to the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database. A genetic virulence analysis identified 577 virulence genes, including cya, flagellum‐related genes, Bsa T3SS, p60 and the type IV secretion system in V. parahaemolyticus strain HN1. Meanwhile, hemolysin was identified as a virulence protein. In a further analysis, no thermostable direct hemolysin (TDH) or TDH‐related hemolysin (TRH) was identified, but thermolabile hemolysin (TLH) was identified. In a secretory system analysis, genes associated with the type I, type II, type III, and type VI secretory systems were identified. The type III (located on chromosome 1) and type VI secretory systems (located on chromosome 1 and chromosome 2) were annotated by multiple genes and may play an important role in the strong pathogenicity of V. parahaemolyticus in shrimp. In addition, multiple drug resistance genes were identified and antibiotic‐susceptibility assays were performed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explored the pharmacokinetic characteristics of bronopol in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) under different temperatures. The concentrations of bronopol in the plasma and tissues (kidney, liver and muscle) of grass carp after soaking in bronopol (6.75 µg/ml) at 15 and 20°C were determined using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. The concentrations of bronopol in both plasma and tissue first increased and then decreased with soaking time at both tested temperatures. The peak bronopol concentrations at 15°C (plasma: 8.934 µg/ml; kidney: 9.23 µg/g; liver: 9.47 µg/g; and muscle: 7.98 µg/g) were slightly lower than those at 20°C (plasma: 9.654 µg/ml; kidney: 10.83 µg/g; liver: 13.40 µg/g; and muscle: 8.68 µg/g). In an analysis of pharmacokinetic parameters, the bronopol concentration–time profiles for plasma were best described by a two‐compartment, open pharmacokinetic model with first‐order absorption. The t1/2β for plasma at 15 and 20°C was 82.933 and 92.041 hr, respectively, indicating that the elimination of bronopol was faster at 15°C than at 20°C. In addition, AUC0‐t and AUC0‐∞ values of bronopol were 477.892 and 495.809 µg/L hr at 15°C and 495.809 and 589.859 µg/L hr at 20°C, indicating that the content of bronopol in the organism was higher at higher temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]