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As young adults transition into adulthood they must develop effective self-regulation techniques to help them navigate the heightened expectations of independence placed upon them. During this challenging developmental stage, mentors and other supportive individuals can facilitate co-regulation processes that help young adults reach self-regulation. This qualitative research identifies and characterizes supportive processes of regulation that graduate student mentors engaged in as part of their mentorship interactions with undergraduate mentees with learning disabilities and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (LD/ADHD). Participants were part of a larger campus-based study with 52 undergraduate mentees with LD/ADHD and 57 graduate student mentors. Data were transcripts from mentor group meetings (N = 20) discussing LD/ADHD and the mentorship experiences, undergraduate group meetings (N = 13) discussing LD/ADHD experiences and supports, and an instrumental mentor case study. Structural coding was used to identify content related to mentorship experiences; process coding was used to describe the actions and roles undertaken by mentors; content analysis was used to examine relative salience of topics discussed during mentor group meetings. Four themes emerged describing the ways in which mentors acted as co-regulators for mentees including: Fostering Positive Relationships, Guidance Based on a Similar Path, Supporting Strategy Generation, and Supporting Mentees by Setting Limits. Findings highlight key actions and processes for effective co-regulation techniques used by disability-informed mentors, that support the self-regulation practices of undergraduate students with LD/ADHD to reach their educational, career, and personal goals.

Abstract Background Metabolic abnormalities and immune inflammation are deeply involved in pulmonary vascular remodelling and the development of pulmonary hypertension (PH). However, the regulatory mechanisms of glycolysis in macrophages are still elusive. Cumulative evidence indicates that β-catenin plays a crucial role in metabolic reprogramming. This study aimed to investigate the effect of β-catenin on macrophage glycolysis in PH. Methods LPS-induced BMDMs were generated via in vitro experiments. A monocrotaline (MCT)-induced PH rat model was established, and the β-catenin inhibitor XAV939 was administered in vivo. The role of β-catenin in glycolysis was analysed. The degree of pulmonary vascular remodelling was measured. Results β-catenin was significantly increased in both in vitro and in vivo models. In LPS-induced BMDMs, β-catenin increased the levels of hexokinase 2 (HK2), phosphofructokinase (PFK), M2-pyruvate kinase (PKM2), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and lactate (LA) and the expression of inflammatory cytokines and promoted PASMC proliferation and migration in vitro. XAV939 decreased the level of glycolysis and downregulated the expression of inflammatory cytokines in vivo. MCT promoted pulmonary arterial structural remodelling and right ventricular hypertrophy, and XAV939 alleviated these changes. Conclusions Our findings suggest that β-catenin is involved in the development of PH by promoting glycolysis and the inflammatory response in macrophages. Inhibition of β-catenin could improve the progression of PH.

ABSTRACTBackground Pneumococcal vaccines are effective in preventing pneumococcal diseases in adults. The evaluation of the antibodies persistence to the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23) could provide evidence on PPV23 revaccination.Research design and methods Adults aged ≥ 60 years were selected and vaccinated with PPV23 in Shanghai, and followed up for 5 years with blood samples collection of a 1-year interval. The geometric mean concentrations (GMC) of the IgG against 23 pneumococcal serotypes covered by PPV23 were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The antibodies to 23 pneumococcal serotypes among different groups was analyzed using statistical analysis.Results Overall, 517 participants completed all six visits over a 5-year period (2013–2018). The GMC of 23 serotypes in adults aged ≥ 60 years decreased slowly after PPV23 vaccination compared to baseline pre-vaccination (P

Background: Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the primary contributor to renal failure and poses a severe threat to human health. Accumulating studies demonstrated that competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network is involved in cuproptosis and DKD progression. However, the role of cuproptosis-associated ceRNA network and immune infiltration in DKD remains largely unclear. This study aimed to investigate the cuproptosis-related ceRNA regulation network and immune infiltration in DKD. Methods: The rat model of DKD was induced by combining the nephrectomy of the left kidney, high-fat diet, and streptozotocin. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs), miRNAs (DEMs), and lncRNAs (DELs) between normal and DKD rats were obtained. DEGs were intersected with cuproptosis-related genes (CRGs) to obtain DE-CRGs. LncRNAs and miRNAs were predicted based on the DE-CRGs, and they were intersected with DEMs and DELs, respectively. Subsequently, a cuproptosis-associated lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA network was established in DKD. In addition, the relative proportion of 22 infiltrating immune cell types in each sample was calculated, and the relationship between hub DE-CRGs and immune cells was explored. Results: In total, there were 429 DEGs, 22 DEMs, and 48 DELs between CON and MOD groups. Then, 73 DE-CRGs were obtained, which were significantly enriched in 22 pathways, such as MAPK signaling pathway, IL-17 signaling pathway, and TNF signaling pathway. In addition, a core cuproptosis-related ceRNA network that included one lncRNA (USR0000B2476D), one miRNA (miR-34a-3p), and eight mRNAs (Mmp9, Pik3c3, Prom1, Snta1, Slc51b, Ntrk3, Snca, Egf) was established. In addition, 18 hub DE-CRGs were obtained. CIBERSORT algorithms showed that resting dendritic cells and resting NK cells were more infiltrated whereas regulatory T cells were less infiltrated in DKD rats than in normal rats. Spearman's correlation analysis revealed that hub DE-CRGs showed significant positive or negative correlations with naive B cells, regulatory T cells, resting NK cells, M0 macrophages, resting dendritic cells, and resting mast cells. Conclusion: A ceRNA network was comprehensively constructed, and 18 hub DE-CRGs were obtained, which will provide novel insights into the pathologic mechanism elucidation and targeted therapy development of DKD.

Background: Potentially substantial impacts on the prognosis have been observed in individuals undergoing endovascular treatment due to cytochrome P450 2c19 (CYP2C19) polymorphism. In an attempt to improve prognosis and lower the recurrence rate, this study investigated the CYP2C19 polymorphism in acute ischemic stroke patients. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on 292 patients with cerebral infarction who had acute endovascular recanalization at the Department of Neurology of Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine between May 2017 and 2019. The patients were categorized into rapid-, medium-, and slow-metabolism groups based on CYP2C19 gene polymorphism, and their prognosis was monitored. In addition, the prognosis of 188 patients selectively receiving carotid artery stenting at a selected time was also observed. Results: Among the 292 cerebral infarction cases receiving acute endovascular recanalization, the patients in the CYP2C19 rapid-metabolism group regularly took clopidogrel and aspirin combined with antiplatelet therapy and suffered from reoccurrence of apoplexy and cerebral hemorrhage; the 90-day good prognosis had a statistical difference (P < 0.05, prognostic assessment includes hospitalization and 6 months after discharge) and the other adverse events had no statistical difference (including mortality). The 188 patients selectively receiving carotid artery stenting had a recurrence of apoplexy, cerebral hemorrhage, and restenosis rate with a statistical difference (P < 0.05), and the other adverse events had no statistical difference. Conclusions: In conclusion, the findings of the current study indicate that irrespective of whether patients are undergoing selective carotid artery stenting or acute endovascular recanalization, those with rapid CYP2C19 metabolism have a significantly lower likelihood of experiencing adverse prognostic events compared to those with intermediate and slow metabolism. Furthermore, this group also has a more favorable prognosis than the other two groups.

There is a call for exploring the narrative transportation and reading performance among multimodality readings, i.e., single modality (text), dual modality (text + picture), and tri-modality (text + picture + audio). Altogether 42 junior high-school participants native in Chinese from an urban city in P.R. China were invited to the 90-minute experiment. The participants were administered English reading materials and a self-reported scale of transportation, along with a pretest to determine English proficiency level. The statistical analysis showed that (1) the transportation effect is highest in tri-modality readings, followed by that in dual and single modality readings. (2) There is no statistical difference between genders in relation to transportation effect. (3) Except for tri-modality reading, there is no statistical difference in relation to English proficiency for narrative transportation. The study results indicate that teachers could fully immerse students into narrative stories by pedagogically incorporating texts, pictures, and audios into reading materials.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a painful joint disease that is common among the middle-aged and elderly populations, with an increasing prevalence. Therapeutic options for OA are limited, and the pathogenic mechanism of OA remains unclear. The roles of cytokines and signaling pathways in the development of OA is a current research hot spot. Interleukin (IL)-17 is a pleiotropic inflammatory cytokine produced mainly by T helper 17 cells that has established roles in host defense, tissue repair, lymphoid tissue metabolism, tumor progression, and pathological processes of immune diseases, and studies in recent years have identified an important role for IL-17 in the progression of OA. This narrative review focuses on the mechanisms by which IL-17 contributes to articular cartilage degeneration and synovial inflammation in OA and discusses how IL-17 and the IL-17 signaling pathway affect the pathological process of OA. Additionally, therapeutic targets that have been proposed in recent years based on IL-17 and its pathway in OA are summarized as well as recent advances in the study of IL-17 pathway inhibitors and the potential challenges of their use for OA treatment.

BackgroundDiabetic kidney disease (DKD) has become the leading cause of kidney failure, causing a significant socioeconomic burden worldwide. The usual care for DKD fails to achieve satisfactory effects in delaying the persistent loss of renal function. A Chinese herbal medicine, Tangshen Qushi Formula (TQF), showed preliminary clinical benefits with a sound safety profile for people with stage 2-4 DKD. We present the protocol of an ongoing clinical trial investigating the feasibility, efficacy, and safety of TQF compared to placebo in delaying the progressive decline of renal function for people with stage 2-4 DKD.MethodsA mixed methods research design will be used in this study. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot trial will evaluate the feasibility, efficacy, and safety of TQF compared to placebo on kidney function for people with stage 2-4 DKD. An embedded semi-structured interview will explore the acceptability of TQF granules and trial procedures from the participant’s perspective. Sixty eligible participants with stage 2-4 DKD will be randomly allocated to the treatment group (TQF plus usual care) or the control group (TQF placebo plus usual care) at a 1:1 ratio for 48-week treatment and 12-week follow-up. Participants will be assessed every 12 weeks. The feasibility will be assessed as the primary outcome. The changes in the estimated glomerular filtration rate, urinary protein/albumin, renal function, glycemic and lipid markers, renal composite endpoint events, and dampness syndrome of Chinese medicine will be assessed as the efficacy outcomes. Safety outcomes such as liver function, serum potassium, and adverse events will also be evaluated. The data and safety monitoring board will be responsible for the participants’ benefits, the data’s credibility, and the results’ validity. The intent-to-treat and per-protocol analysis will be performed as the primary statistical strategy.DiscussionConducting a rigorously designed pilot trial will be a significant step toward establishing the feasibility and acceptability of TQF and trial design. The study will also provide critical information for future full-scale trial design to further generate new evidence supporting clinical practice for people with stage 2-4 DKD.Trial registration numberhttps://www.chictr.org.cn/, identifier ChiCTR2200062786.

To address the challenges associated with preparing thin strips of difficult-to-deform materials – such as low processing efficiency and yield, poor shape, and subpar performance – our research team developed an on-line warm rolling experimental machine featuring hydraulic tension. We used the Ti–6Al–4V alloy as our experimental material and conducted warm rolling experiments at various temperatures, thoroughly examining the intricate relationship between microstructure evolution and mechanical properties. Our findings indicate that warm rolling causes a clear refinement of the α phase and β phase microstructures, while intensifying dislocation entanglement. These changes significantly enhance the strength of the Ti–6Al–4V alloy, though Total Elongation Limit (TEL) decreases. After evaluating mechanical properties, surface quality, and energy consumption associated with warm rolling, we determined the optimal warm rolling temperature for the Ti–6Al–4V alloy to be 650 °C. At this temperature, the Ultimate Tensile Strength (UTS), Yield Strength (YS), and TEL were 1325 MPa, 1164 MPa, and 8.0%, respectively, maintaining good ductility. The impressive performance of the Ti–6Al–4V alloy sheet is mainly attributed to the strengthening effects of fine grain and dislocation, while the introduction of some fine recrystallization enhances ductility. High-performance Ti–6Al–4V alloy thin strip was successfully prepared by on-line warm rolling with hydraulic tension, which provided a new idea for the preparation of thin strip of difficult-to-deform materials.

Successful seed germination and seedling growth in orchids require an association with mycorrhizal fungi. An endophytic Fusarium fungal strain YZU 172038 exhibiting plant growth-promoting (PGP) ability was isolated from the roots of Spiranthes sinensis (Orchidaceae). The harboring endohyphal bacteria were detected in the hypha by SYTO-9 fluorescent nucleic acid staining, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and PCR amplification of the 16S rDNA gene’s region. Consequently, one endohyphal bacterium (EHB) – a strain YZSR384 was isolated and identified as Bacillus subtilis based on morphology, phylogenetic analysis, and genomic information. The results indicated that the strain YZSR384 could significantly promote the growth of rice roots and shoots similar to its host fungus. Its indole acetic acid (IAA) production reached a maximum of 23.361 μg/ml on the sixth day after inoculation. The genome annotation revealed several genes involved in PGP traits, including the clusters of genes encoding the IAA (trpABCDEFS), the siderophores (entABCE), and the dissolving phosphate (pstABCS and phoABDHPR). As an EHB, B. subtilis was first isolated from endophytic Fusarium acuminatum from S. sinensis.

Introduction:. Erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP) is a rare photodermatosis mainly caused by deficiency of the enzyme ferrochelatase (FECH). We herein report a case of EPP associated with 2 novel mutations in FECH. Case presentation:. A 15-year-old boy experienced pain and pruritus after sunlight exposure. He had occasional claret-red urine, hepatomegaly with increased alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels, and an elevated free erythrocyte protoporphyrin level. He was treated with oral β-carotene and cholestyramine and avoidance of sunlight as much as possible. Discussion:. Genome sequencing revealed 2 novel FECH mutations that had been inherited from his healthy parents. Pathogenicity analysis involving prediction using PolyPhen-2, SIFT, and Mutation Taster revealed that the 2 novel mutations were likely pathogenic. Although the patient’s parents were healthy, they each had one of these 2 mutations. This finding is consistent with previous reports stating that individuals carrying low-expression alleles can be asymptomatic. The pathogenesis of the disease caused by these 2 mutations requires verification by larger and more detailed studies. Conclusion:. Although the precise role of these mutations in EPP is not clear, the findings in the present case expand the genotypic spectrum of the disease.

Enrichment of phosphopeptides is a crucial step in phosphoproteomics study. At present, combination of multiple affinity chromatography is regard as an efficient phosphopeptide enrichment strategy. Therefore, designing and preparing composites with multiple affinity sites is of great significance. Herein, the Oxid-Ti3C2Tx/UIO-66-NH2 composites with multiple affinity sites are rapidly synthesized by dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) technology at low temperature and atmospheric pressure. The in-situ nucleation of UIO-66-NH2 and TiO2 can be flexibly regulated through the feed ratio of MOF precursors and the DBD duration individually. The UIO-66-NH2 has large specific surface area, high porosity and plentiful Zr-O clusters. Oxid-Ti3C2Tx provides abundant exposed Ti sites and Ti-O clusters. Based on these, Oxid-Ti3C2Tx/UIO-66-NH2 composites exhibited high sensitivity (0.1 fmol μL−1), satisfactory selectivity (BSA: α-casein = 100: 1, molar ratio) and superior repeatability for phosphopeptide enrichment. In addition, the composites performed well in biological samples like nonfat milk (24 phosphopeptides), human saliva (15 endogenous phosphopeptides) and human serum (all 4 endogenous phosphopeptides), demonstrating a huge application potential in phosphoproteomics study. More importantly, this study opens a new path to synthesize MXene/MOF composites with controllable oxidation degree and flexible compositions regulation efficiently, revealing its broad application prospects in various fields.

Fe-based metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) show high activity toward the activation of peroxodisulfate (PDS) for the removal of organic micropollutants (OMPs) in wastewater treatment. However, there is a phenomenon of Fe ion dissolution in the Fe-based MOFs’ active PDS system, and the reasons and influencing factors that cause Fe ion dissolution are poorly understood. In this study, we synthesized four types of Fe-based MOFs and confirmed their crystal structure through characterization. All types of Fe-based MOFs were found to activate PDS and form sulfate radicals (SO4−), which effectively remove OMPs in wastewater. During the process of Fe-based MOFs activating PDS for CIP removal, activated species, oxidant reagent, and pH negatively impact the stability performance of the MOFs’ structure. The coordination bond between Fe atom and O atom can be attacked by water molecules, free radicals, and H+, causing damage to the crystal structure of MOFs. Additionally, Fe (II)-MOFs exhibit the best stability performance, due to the enhanced bond energy of the coordination bond in MOFs by the F ligands. This study summarizes the influencing factors of Fe-based MOFs’ damage during PDS activation processes, providing new insights for the future development of Fe-based MOFs.

Abstract Objectives To analyze the relationship between the dietary preparation status prior to contrast-enhanced CT (CECT) and adverse drug reactions (ADR) and emetic complications. Methods Non-emergency adult patients who underwent routine CECT in our hospital from January 2019 to December 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Stratified dietary preparation regimens were implemented for different clinical scenarios. The relationship between actual dietary preparation status and ADR and emetic complications was analyzed. Results A total of 127,200 cases were enrolled, including 49,676 cases in the fasting group (57 years ± 13, 56.79% men) and 77,524 cases in the non-fasting group (60 years ± 13, 54.55% men). No statistical difference was found in the overall incidence of ADR (0.211% vs. 0.254%, p = 0.126) or emetic complications (0.030% vs. 0.046%, p = 0.158) between the two groups, and no aspiration pneumonia or death occurred. For patients with an ICM-ADR history, the ADR incidence in non-fasting group was significantly lower than fasting group (2.424% vs. 12.371%, p = 0.002). For patients with hypertension, injection dose ≥ 100 mL, injection rate ≥ 5 mL/s, and Iopromide 370 usage, non-fasting was associated with higher ADR incidence (p

Abstract Inflammation triggers pulmonary vascular remodelling. Ferroptosis, a nonapoptotic form of cell death that is triggered by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation and contributes to the pathogenesis of several inflammation-related diseases, but its role in pulmonary hypertension (PH) has not been studied. We examined endothelial cell ferroptosis in PH and the potential mechanisms. Pulmonary artery endothelial cells (PAECs) and lung tissues from monocrotaline (MCT)-induced PH rats were analysed for ferroptosis markers, including lipid peroxidation, the labile iron pool (LIP) and the protein expression of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), ferritin heavy chain 1 (FTH1) and NADPH oxidase-4 (NOX4). The effects of the ferroptosis inhibitor ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1) on endothelial cell ferroptosis and pulmonary vascular remodelling in MCT-induced rats were studied in vitro and in vivo. Ferroptosis was observed in PAECs from MCT-induced PH rats in vitro and in vivo and was characterized by a decline in cell viability accompanied by increases in the LIP and lipid peroxidation, the downregulation of GPX4 and FTH1 expression and the upregulation of NOX4 expression. High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1)/Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome signalling was measured by western blotting. These changes were significantly blocked by Fer-1 administration in vitro and in vivo. These results suggest that Fer-1 plays a role in inhibiting ferroptosis-mediated PAEC loss during the progression of PH. The ferroptosis-induced inflammatory response depended on the activation of HMGB1/TLR4 signalling, which activated the NLRP3 inflammasome in vivo. We are the first to suggest that pulmonary artery endothelial ferroptosis triggers inflammatory responses via the HMGB1/TLR4/NLRP3 inflammasome signalling pathway in MCT-induced rats. Treating PH with a ferroptosis inhibitor and exploring new treatments based on ferroptosis regulation might be promising therapeutic strategies for PH.

The commercial applications of lead halide perovskites are hindered by their negative environmental impact and inherent instability. Consequently, developing environmentally friendly copper-based perovskite materials is crucial for future solid-state lighting and display applications. In this study, an ultrafast high-power ultrasonic synthesis strategy was utilized to achieve uniform nucleation and growth of Cs3Cu2X5 (X = Cl, Br, I) nanocrystals (NCs) that possess remarkable luminescence properties, hydroxyl protection, and ligand-free characteristics. These Cs3Cu2X5 NCs exhibited a tunable spectral range spanning from 446 to 525 nm, accompanied by photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs) varying from 0.2% to 79.2%. The spectral attributes of the NCs were effectively controlled by modulating the halide type and composition. It is worth noting that density functional theory (DFT) calculations offer valuable insights into the synthesis of NCs and the selection of suitable alcohol solvents. Moreover, we successfully fabricated an efficient and stable white light-emitting diode (WLED) with a high luminous efficiency of 23 lm W−1 and CIE color coordinates of (0.3266, 0.3487). Our work provides a new strategy to synthesize Cs3Cu2X5 NCs and holds promise for their potential application in display and lighting devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A supply chain with a manufacturer and a seller is studied in this paper for the impact of monetary and symbolic incentives on reducing carbon emissions. It is the responsibility of the manufacturer to invest in carbon emission abatement technologies and that of the seller to sell such products to consumers with green preferences. The study findings reveal that (1) both monetary and symbolic incentives can contribute to reducing carbon emissions but the choice between them depends on the trade‐off between the cost‐sharing ratio and the market interest rate; (2) implementing a hybrid policy could crowd‐out carbon emission effects; and (3) the manufacturer may maximize his profits under a hybrid policy, but the seller may struggle to cover his expenses, which could hinder effective collaboration within the supply chain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Farmers in developing economies often struggle to adapt to climate change and their decisions to adapt usually hinges on perception and prevailing socio-economic factors. This study examines factors controlling farmers’ decision to adapt to climate change and evaluate the impact of such decisions on farm output. Using primary data from 138 rice farming households in Ndop-Cameroon, we employ the probit model with endogenous switching regression to investigate the impact of the farmers’ adaptation decisions on output. The results indicate that access to credits, other incomes, farmers’ age, extension services and farmer groupings form key factors that significantly affects farmers’ decision to adapt to climate change. Strategic implementation of adaptive measures, significantly increased average output of adapters by 49%. Building resilience against climate change and ensuring food security, therefore requires stakeholders to take into account existing management strategies and the underlying factors influencing these. This study suggests the crucial need for institutional advancement and policy changes towards credit accessibility for rice farmers. More local farmers’ associations should be created and extension services improved to enhance effective adaptation and farmers’ vulnerability.

Seeking high-performance computing methods to solve the problem of a large amount of calculation, low calculation efficiency, and small simulation scale on the traditional single central processing unit (CPU) platform is of great value to the simulation study of micro structure. In this study, based on the three-dimensional multi-phase-field model of KKSO coupling phase-field and solute field, the open computing language (OpenCL) + graphics processing unit (GPU) heterogeneous parallel computing technology is used to simulate the eutectoid growth of Fe-C alloy and the end growth process of pearlite under pure diffusion. The effects of initial supercooling and different diffusion coefficients on the growth morphology of lamellar pearlite were investigated. The results show that ferrite and cementite are perpendicular to the front of the solid-solid interface and are coupled and coordinated to grow, and there is no leading phase under the initial supercooling degree of 20 K. With the continuous increase of the initial supercooling degree (19 K-22 K), the morphology changes of the eutectoid layer are as follows: cementite stops growing → slice amplitude increases → regular symmetric growth → oblique growth → layer merge. With the increase of the diffusion coefficient from 3×10-13 m2·s-1 to 15×10-13 m2·s-1, the growth rate of the microstructure of the lamellar pearlite increases linearly, and there is no obvious change in the frontal appearance of the pearlite.