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7,716 results on '"Fang, C."'

1. Search for solar axions by Primakoff effect with the full dataset of the CDEX-1B Experiment

Author

Yang, L. T., Liu, S. K., Yue, Q., Kang, K. J., Li, Y. J., An, H. P., C., Greeshma, Chang, J. P., Chen, Y. H., Cheng, J. P., Dai, W. H., Deng, Z., Fang, C. H., Geng, X. P., Gong, H., Guo, Q. J., Guo, T., Guo, X. Y., He, L., He, J. R., Hu, J. W., Huang, H. X., Huang, T. C., Jiang, L., Karmakar, S., Li, H. B., Li, H. Y., Li, J. M., Li, J., Li, M. C., Li, Q. Y., Li, R. M. J., Li, X. Q., Li, Y. L., Liang, Y. F., Liao, B., Lin, F. K., Lin, S. T., Liu, J. X., Liu, Y. D., Liu, Y., Liu, Y. Y., Ma, H., Mao, Y. C., Nie, Q. Y., Pan, H., Qi, N. C., Ren, J., Ruan, X. C., Shen, M. B., Singh, M. K., Sun, T. X., Sun, W. L., Tang, C. J., Tian, Y., Wang, G. F., Wang, J. Z., Wang, L., Wang, Q., Wang, Y. F., Wang, Y. X., Wong, H. T., Wu, Y. C., Xing, H. Y., Xiong, K. Z., Xu, R., Xu, Y., Xue, T., Yan, Y. L., Yi, N., Yu, C. X., Yu, H. J., Zeng, M., Zeng, Z., Zhang, B. T., Zhang, F. S., Zhang, L., Zhang, P., Zhang, Z. H., Zhang, Z. Y., Zhao, J. Z., Zhao, K. K., Zhao, M. G., Zhou, J. F., Zhou, Z. Y., and Zhu, J. J.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

We present the first limit on $g_{A\gamma}$ coupling constant using the Bragg-Primakoff conversion based on an exposure of 1107.5 kg days of data from the CDEX-1B experiment at the China Jinping Underground Laboratory. The data are consistent with the null signal hypothesis, and no excess signals are observed. Limits of the coupling $g_{A\gamma}<2.08\times10^{-9}$ GeV$^{-1}$ (95\% C.L.) are derived for axions with mass up to 100 eV/$c^2$. Within the hadronic model of KSVZ, our results exclude axion mass $>5.3~\rm{eV}/c^2$ at 95\% C.L., Comment: 7 pages, 5 figures

Published
2024

2. First Search for Light Fermionic Dark Matter Absorption on Electrons Using Germanium Detector in CDEX-10 Experiment

Author

Liu, J. X., Yang, L. T., Yue, Q., Kang, K. J., Li, Y. J., An, H. P., C., Greeshma, Chang, J. P., Chen, Y. H., Cheng, J. P., Dai, W. H., Deng, Z., Fang, C. H., Geng, X. P., Gong, H., Guo, Q. J., Guo, T., Guo, X. Y., He, L., He, J. R., Hu, J. W., Huang, H. X., Huang, T. C., Jiang, L., Karmakar, S., Li, H. B., Li, H. Y., Li, J. M., Li, J., Li, M. C., Li, Q. Y., Li, R. M. J., Li, X. Q., Li, Y. L., Liang, Y. F., Liao, B., Lin, F. K., Lin, S. T., Liu, S. K., Liu, Y. D., Liu, Y., Liu, Y. Y., Ma, H., Mao, Y. C., Nie, Q. Y., Pan, H., Qi, N. C., Ren, J., Ruan, X. C., Shen, M. B., Singh, M. K., Sun, T. X., Sun, W. L., Tang, C. J., Tian, Y., Wang, G. F., Wang, J. Z., Wang, L., Wang, Q., Wang, Y. F., Wang, Y. X., Wong, H. T., Wu, Y. C., Xing, H. Y., Xiong, K. Z., Xu, R., Xu, Y., Xue, T., Yan, Y. L., Yi, N., Yu, C. X., Yu, H. J., Zeng, M., Zeng, Z., Zhang, B. T., Zhang, F. S., Zhang, L., Zhang, P., Zhang, Z. H., Zhang, Z. Y., Zhao, J. Z., Zhao, K. K., Zhao, M. G., Zhou, J. F., Zhou, Z. Y., and Zhu, J. J.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

We present the first results of the search for sub-MeV fermionic dark matter absorbed by electron targets of Germanium using the 205.4~kg$\cdot$day data collected by the CDEX-10 experiment, with the analysis threshold of 160~eVee. No significant dark matter (DM) signals over the background are observed. Results are presented as limits on the cross section of DM--electron interaction. We present new constraints of cross section in the DM range of 0.1--10 keV/$c^2$ for vector and axial-vector interaction. The upper limit on the cross section is set to be $\rm 5.5\times10^{-46}~cm^2$ for vector interaction, and $\rm 1.8\times10^{-46}~cm^2$ for axial-vector interaction at DM mass of 5 keV/$c^2$., Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures

Published
2024

3. Constraints on the Blazar-Boosted Dark Matter from the CDEX-10 Experiment

Author

Xu, R., Yang, L. T., Yue, Q., Kang, K. J., Li, Y. J., An, H. P., C., Greeshma, Chang, J. P., Chen, Y. H., Cheng, J. P., Dai, W. H., Deng, Z., Fang, C. H., Geng, X. P., Gong, H., Guo, Q. J., Guo, T., Guo, X. Y., He, L., He, S. M., Hu, J. W., Huang, H. X., Huang, T. C., Jiang, L., Karmakar, S., Li, H. B., Li, H. Y., Li, J. M., Li, J., Li, Q. Y., Li, R. M. J., Li, X. Q., Li, Y. L., Liang, Y. F., Liao, B., Lin, F. K., Lin, S. T., Liu, J. X., Liu, S. K., Liu, Y. D., Liu, Y., Liu, Y. Y., Ma, H., Mao, Y. C., Nie, Q. Y., Ning, J. H., Pan, H., Qi, N. C., Ren, J., Ruan, X. C., Singh, M. K., Sun, T. X., Tang, C. J., Tian, Y., Wang, G. F., Wang, J. Z., Wang, L., Wang, Q., Wang, Y. F., Wang, Y. X., Wong, H. T., Wu, S. Y., Wu, Y. C., Xing, H. Y., Xu, Y., Xue, T., Yan, Y. L., Yi, N., Yu, C. X., Yu, H. J., Yue, J. F., Zeng, M., Zeng, Z., Zhang, B. T., Zhang, F. S., Zhang, L., Zhang, Z. H., Zhang, Z. Y., Zhao, J. Z., Zhao, K. K., Zhao, M. G., Zhou, J. F., Zhou, Z. Y., and Zhu, J. J.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

We report new constraints on light dark matter (DM) boosted by blazars using the 205.4 kg day data from the CDEX-10 experiment located at the China Jinping Underground Laboratory. Two representative blazars, TXS 0506+56 and BL Lacertae are studied. The results derived from TXS 0506+56 exclude DM-nucleon elastic scattering cross sections from $4.6\times 10^{-33}\ \rm cm^2$ to $1\times10^{-26}\ \rm cm^2$ for DM masses between 10 keV and 1 GeV, and the results derived from BL Lacertae exclude DM-nucleon elastic scattering cross sections from $2.4\times 10^{-34}\ \rm cm^2$ to $1\times10^{-26}\ \rm cm^2$ for the same range of DM masses. The constraints correspond to the best sensitivities among solid-state detector experiments in the sub-MeV mass range., Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures

Published
2024

4. Probing Dark Matter Particles from Evaporating Primordial Black Holes via Electron Scattering in the CDEX-10 Experiment

Author

Zhang, Z. H., Yang, L. T., Yue, Q., Kang, K. J., Li, Y. J., An, H. P., C., Greeshma, Chang, J. P., Chen, Y. H., Cheng, J. P., Dai, W. H., Deng, Z., Fang, C. H., Geng, X. P., Gong, H., Guo, Q. J., Guo, T., Guo, X. Y., He, L., He, S. M., Hu, J. W., Huang, H. X., Huang, T. C., Jiang, L., Karmakar, S., Li, H. B., Li, H. Y., Li, J. M., Li, J., Li, Q. Y., Li, R. M. J., Li, X. Q., Li, Y. L., Liang, Y. F., Liao, B., Lin, F. K., Lin, S. T., Liu, J. X., Liu, S. K., Liu, Y. D., Liu, Y., Liu, Y. Y., Ma, H., Mao, Y. C., Nie, Q. Y., Ning, J. H., Pan, H., Qi, N. C., Ren, J., Ruan, X. C., Singh, M. K., Sun, T. X., Tang, C. J., Tian, Y., Wang, G. F., Wang, J. Z., Wang, L., Wang, Q., Wang, Y. F., Wang, Y. X., Wong, H. T., Wu, S. Y., Wu, Y. C., Xing, H. Y., Xu, R., Xu, Y., Xue, T., Yan, Y. L., Yi, N., Yu, C. X., Yu, H. J., Yue, J. F., Zeng, M., Zeng, Z., Zhang, B. T., Zhang, F. S., Zhang, L., Zhang, Z. Y., Zhao, J. Z., Zhao, K. K., Zhao, M. G., Zhou, J. F., Zhou, Z. Y., and Zhu, J. J.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

Dark matter (DM) is a major constituent of the Universe. However, no definite evidence of DM particles (denoted as ``$\chi$") has been found in DM direct detection (DD) experiments to date. There is a novel concept that detecting $\chi$ from evaporating primordial black holes (PBHs). We search for $\chi$ emitted from PBHs by investigating their interaction with target electrons. The examined PBH masses range from 1$\times$10$^{15}$ to 7$\times$10$^{16}$ g under the current limits of PBH abundance $f_{PBH}$. Using 205.4 kg$\cdot$day data obtained from the CDEX-10 experiment conducted in the China Jinping Underground Laboratory, we exclude the $\chi$--electron ($\chi$--$e$) elastic-scattering cross section $\sigma_{\chi e} \sim 5\times10^{-29}$ cm$^2$ for $\chi$ with a mass $m_{\chi}\lesssim$ 0.1 keV from our results. If ($m_{\chi}$, $\sigma_{\chi e}$) can be determined in the future, DD experiments are expected to impose strong constraints on $f_{PBH}$ for large $M_{PBH}$s., Comment: 8 pages, 6 figures

Published
2024

5. Spectropolarimetry of Fraunhofer lines in local upper solar atmosphere

Author

Qu, Z. Q., Chang, L., Dun, G. T., Cheng, X. M., Fang, C., Xu, Z., Yuan, D., Deng, L. H., and Zhang, X. Y.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract

Spectropolarimetric results of Fraunhofer lines between 516.3nm and 532.6nm are presented in local upper solar chromosphere, transition zone and inner corona below a height of about 0.04 solar radius above the solar limb. The data were acquired on Nov.3, 2013 during a total solar eclipse in Gabon by the prototype Fiber Arrayed Solar Optical Telescope(FASOT). It is found that the polarization amplitudes of the Fraunhofer lines in these layers depend strongly on specific spectral lines. Fraunhofer line at MgI$b_{1}$518.4nm can have a polarization amplitude up to 0.36$\%$ with respective to the continuum polarization level, while the polarizations of some lines like FeI/CrI524.7nm and FeI525.0nm are often under the detection limit 6.0$\times 10^{-4}$. The polarizations of the Fraunhofer lines, like the emission lines and the continuum, increase with height as a whole trend. The fractional linear polarization amplitudes of inner F-corona can be close to those of inner E-corona, and in general larger than those of inner K-corona. Rotation of the polarization direction of Fraunhofer line is often accompanied with variations in their polarization amplitudes and profile shapes. It is also judged from these polarimetric properties, along with evidences, that neutral atoms exist in these atmospheric layers. Thus the inner F-corona described here is induced by the neutral atoms, and the entropy of the inner corona evaluated becomes larger than those in the underneath layers due to more microstates found., Comment: also Submitted to ApJ

Published
2024

8. Experimental Limits on Solar Reflected Dark Matter with a New Approach on Accelerated-Dark-Matter-Electron Analysis in Semiconductors

Author

Zhang, Z. Y., Yang, L. T., Yue, Q., Kang, K. J., Li, Y. J., An, H. P., C., Greeshma, Chang, J. P., Chen, Y. H., Cheng, J. P., Dai, W. H., Deng, Z., Fang, C. H., Geng, X. P., Gong, H., Guo, Q. J., Guo, T., Guo, X. Y., He, L., He, S. M., Hu, J. W., Huang, H. X., Huang, T. C., Jiang, L., Karmakar, S., Li, H. B., Li, H. Y., Li, J. M., Li, J., Li, Q. Y., Li, R. M. J., Li, X. Q., Li, Y. L., Liang, Y. F., Liao, B., Lin, F. K., Lin, S. T., Liu, J. X., Liu, S. K., Liu, Y. D., Liu, Y., Liu, Y. Y., Ma, H., Mao, Y. C., Nie, Q. Y., Ning, J. H., Pan, H., Qi, N. C., Ren, J., Ruan, X. C., Singh, M. K., Sun, T. X., Tang, C. J., Tian, Y., Wang, G. F., Wang, J. Z., Wang, L., Wang, Q., Wang, Y. F., Wang, Y. X., Wong, H. T., Wu, S. Y., Wu, Y. C., Xing, H. Y., Xu, R., Xu, Y., Xue, T., Yan, Y. L., Yi, N., Yu, C. X., Yu, H. J., Yue, J. F., Zeng, M., Zeng, Z., Zhang, B. T., Zhang, F. S., Zhang, L., Zhang, Z. H., Zhao, J. Z., Zhao, K. K., Zhao, M. G., Zhou, J. F., Zhou, Z. Y., and Zhu, J. J.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

Recently a dark matter-electron (DM-electron) paradigm has drawn much attention. Models beyond the standard halo model describing DM accelerated by high energy celestial bodies are under intense examination as well. In this Letter, a velocity components analysis (VCA) method dedicated to swift analysis of accelerated DM-electron interactions via semiconductor detectors is proposed and the first HPGe detector-based accelerated DM-electron analysis is realized. Utilizing the method, the first germanium based constraint on sub-GeV solar reflected DM-electron interaction is presented with the 205.4 kg$\cdot$day dataset from the CDEX-10 experiment. In the heavy mediator scenario, our result excels in the mass range of 5$-$15 keV/$c^2$, achieving a 3 orders of magnitude improvement comparing with previous semiconductor experiments. In the light mediator scenario, the strongest laboratory constraint for DM lighter than 0.1 MeV/$c^2$ is presented. The result proves the feasibility and demonstrates the vast potential of the VCA technique in future accelerated DM-electron analyses with semiconductor detectors., Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures. Version updated to match PRL version

Published
2023
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9. Projected WIMP sensitivity of the CDEX-50 dark matter experiment

Author

Geng, X. P., Yang, L. T., Yue, Q., Kang, K. J., Li, Y. J., An, H. P., C., Greeshma, Chang, J. P., Chen, Y. H., Cheng, J. P., Dai, W. H., Deng, Z., Fang, C. H., Gong, H., Guo, Q. J., Guo, T., Guo, X. Y., He, L., He, S. M., Hu, J. W., Huang, H. X., Huang, T. C., Jiang, L., Karmakar, S., Li, H. B., Li, H. Y., Li, J. M., Li, J., Li, Q. Y., Li, R. M. J., Li, X. Q., Li, Y. L., Liang, Y. F., Liao, B., Lin, F. K., Lin, S. T., Liu, J. X., Liu, S. K., Liu, Y. D., Liu, Y., Liu, Y. Y., Ma, H., Mao, Y. C., Nie, Q. Y., Ning, J. H., Pan, H., Qi, N. C., Ren, J., Ruan, X. C., Singh, M. K., Sun, T. X., Tang, C. J., Tian, Y., Wang, G. F., Wang, J. Z., Wang, L., Wang, Q., Wang, Y. F., Wang, Y. X., Wong, H. T., Wu, S. Y., Wu, Y. C., Xing, H. Y., Xu, R., Xu, Y., Xue, T., Yan, Y. L., Yi, N., Yu, C. X., Yu, H. J., Yue, J. F., Zeng, M., Zeng, Z., Zhang, B. T., Zhang, F. S., Zhang, L., Zhang, Z. H., Zhang, Z. Y., Zhao, J. Z., Zhao, K. K., Zhao, M. G., Zhou, J. F., Zhou, Z. Y., and Zhu, J. J.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

CDEX-50 is a next-generation project of the China Dark Matter Experiment (CDEX) that aims to search for dark matter using a 50-kg germanium detector array. This paper comprises a thorough summary of the CDEX-50 dark matter experiment, including an investigation of potential background sources and the development of a background model. Based on the baseline model, the projected sensitivity of weakly interacting massive particle (WIMP) is also presented. The expected background level within the energy region of interest, set to 2--2.5 keVee, is $\sim$0.01 counts keVee$^{-1}$ kg$^{-1}$ day$^{-1}$. At 90\% confidence level, the expected sensitivity to spin-independent WIMP-nucleon couplings is estimated to reach a cross-section of 5.1 $\times$ 10$^{-45}$ cm$^{2}$ for a WIMP mass of 5 GeV/c$^{2}$ with an exposure objective of 150 kg$\cdot$year and an analysis threshold of 160 eVee. This science goal will correspond to the most sensitive results for WIMPs with a mass of 2.2--8 GeV/c$^{2}$., Comment: 12 pages, 11 figures. Version updated to match JCAP version

Published
2023
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10. Searching for $^{76}$Ge neutrinoless double beta decay with the CDEX-1B experiment

Author

Zhang, B. T., Yang, L. T., Yue, Q., Kang, K. J., Li, Y. J., An, H. P., C., Greeshma, Chang, J. P., Chen, Y. H., Cheng, J. P., Dai, W. H., Deng, Z., Fang, C. H., Geng, X. P., Gong, H., Guo, Q. J., Guo, X. Y., He, L., He, S. M., Hu, J. W., Huang, H. X., Huang, T. C., Jia, H. T., Jiang, X., Karmakar, S., Li, H. B., Li, J. M., Li, J., Li, Q. Y., Li, R. M. J., Li, X. Q., Li, Y. L., Liang, Y. F., Liao, B., Lin, F. K., Lin, S. T., Liu, J. X., Liu, S. K., Liu, Y. D., Liu, Y., Liu, Y. Y., Liu, Z. Z., Ma, H., Mao, Y. C., Nie, Q. Y., Ning, J. H., Pan, H., Qi, N. C., Ren, J., Ruan, X. C., She, Z., Singh, M. K., Sun, T. X., Tang, C. J., Tang, W. Y., Tian, Y., Wang, G. F., Wang, L., Wang, Q., Wang, Y. F., Wang, Y. X., Wong, H. T., Wu, S. Y., Wu, Y. C., Xing, H. Y., Xu, R., Xu, Y., Xue, T., Yan, Y. L., Yi, N., Yu, C. X., Yu, H. J., Yue, J. F., Zeng, M., Zeng, Z., Zhang, F. S., Zhang, L., Zhang, Z. H., Zhang, Z. Y., Zhao, K. K., Zhao, M. G., Zhou, J. F., Zhou, Z. Y., and Zhu, J. J.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

We operated a p-type point contact high purity germanium (PPCGe) detector (CDEX-1B, 1.008 kg) in the China Jinping Underground Laboratory (CJPL) for 500.3 days to search for neutrinoless double beta ($0\nu\beta\beta$) decay of $^{76}$Ge. A total of 504.3 kg $\cdot$ day effective exposure data was accumulated. The anti-coincidence and the multi/single-site event (MSE/SSE) discrimination methods were used to suppress the background in the energy region of interest (ROI, $1989-2089$ keV for this work) with a factor of 23. A background level of 0.33 counts/(keV $\cdot$ kg $\cdot$ yr) was achieved. The lower limit on the half life of $^{76}$Ge $0\nu\beta\beta$ decay was constrained as $T_{1/2}^{0\nu}\ > \ {2.2}\times 10^{23}\ \rm yr\ (90\% \ C.L.)$, corresponding to the upper limits on the effective Majorana neutrino mass: $\langle m_{\beta\beta}\rangle < 2.3-5.2\ \mathrm{eV}$., Comment: 10 pages, 12 figures

Published
2023

13. CA-MAC: A Novel MAC Protocol to Alleviate Congestion in Wireless Sensor Networks

Author

WU, J., LIU, H., DOBRE, O. A., FANG, C., and QIAN, L.

Subjects
wireless sensor networks, MAC protocol, data gathering effect, congestion alleviation, contention window, Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering, TK1-9971, Computer engineering. Computer hardware, TK7885-7895
Abstract

Even if the traffic pattern is known and the network topology is simple, a strong congestion can take place in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) due to the data gathering effect and the duty-cycle operation. In this paper, we propose a novel medium access control (MAC) protocol to alleviate the congestion, which is referred to as the congestion alleviation-MAC (CA-MAC). It adopts an adaptive contention window (ACW), which allows the nodes with more buffered packets to transmit with a higher probability, as well as an intelligent burst packet transmission when the congested nodes seize the channel. Simulations are performed in NS-2, and results show that the proposed CA-MAC protocol achieves a good performance in terms of the packet delivery ratio (PDR), power consumption, throughput, and average latency.

Published
2013
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14. Preparation of Pueraria lobata Root-Derived Exosome-Like Nanovesicles and Evaluation of Their Effects on Mitigating Alcoholic Intoxication and Promoting Alcohol Metabolism in Mice

Author

Zhang W, Song Q, Bi X, Cui W, Fang C, Gao J, Li J, Wang X, Qu K, Qin X, An X, Zhang C, Zhang X, Yan F, and Wu G

Subjects
pueraria lobata root-derived exosome-like nanovesicles, acute alcoholism, loss of the righting reflex, ethanol metabolism, ferroptosis., Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Wenjin Zhang,1 Qiang Song,1 Xiaofei Bi,1 Wei Cui,1 Chengmei Fang,1 Jianya Gao,1 Jinan Li,1 Xiang Wang,1 Kai Qu,1 Xian Qin,1 Xuan An,2,3 Cheng Zhang,1,3 Xianxiang Zhang,1,3 Fang Yan,4 Guicheng Wu1– 3 1Chongqing Municipality Clinical Research Center for Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Hepatology, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China; 3School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China; 4Geriatric Diseases Institute of Chengdu, Department of Geriatrics, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital, Chengdu, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Guicheng Wu, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Xincheng Road 165&num;, Wanzhou District, Chongqing, 404000, People’s Republic of China, Tel +(86) 58103079, Fax +86 23 581045783, Email wuguicheng@cqu.edu.cn Fang Yan, Geriatric Diseases Institute of Chengdu, Department of Geriatrics, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital, Mashi Street 33&num;, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, People’s Republic of China, Tel/Fax +86 28 82661127, Email fangyan@cdutcm.edu.cnPurpose: Pueraria lobata (P. lobata), a dual-purpose food and medicine, displays limited efficacy in alcohol detoxification and liver protection, with previous research primarily focused on puerarin in its dried roots. In this study, we investigated the potential effects and mechanisms of fresh P. lobata root-derived exosome-like nanovesicles (P-ELNs) for mitigating alcoholic intoxication, promoting alcohol metabolism effects and protecting the liver in C57BL/6J mice.Methods: We isolated P-ELNs from fresh P. lobata root using differential centrifugation and characterized them via transmission electron microscopy, nanoscale particle sizing, ζ potential analysis, and biochemical assays. In Acute Alcoholism (AAI) mice pre-treated with P-ELNs, we evaluated their effects on the timing and duration of the loss of the righting reflex (LORR), liver alcohol metabolism enzymes activity, liver and serum alcohol content, and ferroptosis-related markers.Results: P-ELNs, enriched in proteins, lipids, and small RNAs, exhibited an ideal size (150.7 ± 82.8 nm) and negative surface charge (− 31 mV). Pre-treatment with 10 mg/(kg.bw) P-ELNs in both male and female mice significantly prolonged ebriety time, shortened sobriety time, enhanced acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity while concurrently inhibited alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activity, and reduced alcohol content in the liver and serum. Notably, P-ELNs demonstrated more efficacy compared to P-ELNs supernatant fluid (abundant puerarin content), suggesting alternative active components beyond puerarin. Additionally, P-ELNs prevented ferroptosis by inhibiting the reduction of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and reduced glutathione (GSH), and suppressing acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4 (ACSL4) elevation, thereby mitigating pathological liver lipid accumulation.Conclusion: P-ELNs exhibit distinct exosomal characteristics and effectively alleviate alcoholic intoxication, improve alcohol metabolism, suppress ferroptosis, and protect the liver from alcoholic injury. Consequently, P-ELNs hold promise as a therapeutic agent for detoxification, sobriety promotion, and prevention of alcoholic liver injury.Keywords: Pueraria lobata root-derived exosome-like nanovesicles, acute alcoholism, loss of the righting reflex, ethanol metabolism, ferroptosis

Published
2024

15. Combination Therapy for OXA-48 Carbapenemase-Producing Klebsiella Pneumoniae Bloodstream Infections in Premature Infant: A Case Report and Literature Review

Author

Chen Y, Fang C, Luo J, Pan X, Gao Z, Tang S, and Li M

Subjects
oxa-48, klebsiella pneumoniae, premature infant, ceftazidime–avibactam, aztreonam, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract

Yiyu Chen,1 Chuxuan Fang,1 Jun Luo,1 Xueling Pan,2 Zongyan Gao,3 Shuangyi Tang,1 Meng Li4– 6 1Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China; 2Newborn ICU, Guigang Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Guigang City, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China; 3Newborn ICU, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China; 5Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Guangxi Department of Education, Nanning, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China; 6Key Laboratory of Fungi and Mycosis Research and Prevention, Guangxi Health Commission, Nanning, Guangxi, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Meng Li, Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, People’s Republic of China, Tel/Fax +8613367809642, Email gxmulimeng@foxmail.comAbstract: The prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) has been increasing in recent years. Chinese Infectious Disease Surveillance of Pediatrics (ISPED) showed that in 2022, its resistance rate to meropenem was 18.5%. However, there is limited data available on the treatment of CRKP infection in neonates. In this study, we present a case involving a premature infant infected with OXA-48-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae. The combined susceptibility test revealed a significant synergistic effect between ceftazidime–avibactam(CAZ-AVI), and aztreonam(ATM). The infection was successfully treated with a combination of CAZ-AVI, ATM, and fosfomycin. This case represents the first reported instance of sepsis in a premature infant caused by OXA-48-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in China. The objective of our study is to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of combination therapy in treating CRKP infections in premature infants. We hope that the findings of this study will provide valuable insights for clinicians in their treatment approach.Keywords: OXA-48, Klebsiella pneumoniae, premature infant, ceftazidime–avibactam, aztreonam

Published
2024

16. DR10627, a Novel Dual Glucagon‑like Peptide‑1 and Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide Receptor Agonist for the Treatment of Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Author

Shao Y, Chen Y, Zhu M, Liu Y, Fang C, Wang M, Sun P, Fu W, Huang J, Sheng S, and Huang Y

Subjects
glucagon-like peptide-1, gastric inhibitory polypeptide receptor, obesity, type 2 diabetes, inflammation, Specialties of internal medicine, RC581-951
Abstract

Yujian Shao,1,2 Yonglu Chen,2 Mingyue Zhu,3 Yuanyuan Liu,2 Chen Fang,3 Minjun Wang,2 Peng Sun,3 Weiling Fu,2 Jing Huang,3 Shimei Sheng,2 Yanshan Huang2 1Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Innovative Drug Discovery and Development, Zhejiang Doer Biologics Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China; 3First Research Institute, Zhejiang Heze Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Yanshan Huang, Department of Innovative Drug Discovery and Development, Zhejiang Doer Biologics Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China, Email yanshanhuang@doerbio.comIntroduction: Diabetes and obesity are momentous risk factors threatening people’s lives and health. Currently available incretin analogue glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) possesses huge hypoglycemic effect with the unsatisfactory effect of weight loss. Co-agonists targeting GLP-1R plus glucagon receptor (GCGR) or gastric inhibitory polypeptide receptor (GIPR) show synergistic benefits in glycaemic control and weight loss. Here, we describe a novel dual GIP and GLP-1 receptor agonist, DR10627, and performed a preclinical assessment of it.Methods: The agonistic ability of DR10627 was indirectly assessed by inducing cAMP accumulation in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells transfected with GLP-1R or GIPR in vitro. The plasma pharmacokinetics of DR10627 were analysed in cynomolgus monkeys. The OGTTs were performed in Sprague‑Dawley (SD) rats. The glucose lowering effects were evaluated by repeated administration of DR10627 in diabetic (db/db) mice for 4 weeks. The effects of anti-obesity and improving metabolism of DR10627 were evaluated by repeated administration of DR10627 in diet-induced obesity (DIO) mice for 57 days.Results: DR10627 had the capacity to activate both GLP-1R and GIPR in vitro. The terminal half-life of DR10627 was found to be approximately 4.19– 5.8 h in cynomolgus monkeys. DR10627 had a great improvement in oral glucose tolerance in SD rats. Moreover, DR10627 had a potent glucose-lowering effect in db/db mice, and the hypoglycemic effect of 18 nmol/kg DR10627 was better than that of 50 nmol/kg liraglutide. In addition, 10 and 30 nmol/kg DR10627 possessed the ability of potentiating the weight-loss, lipid-lowing efficacy and improving metabolism to a greater extent than 80 nmol/kg liraglutide.Conclusion: Preclinical assessment demonstrated that administration of DR10627 resulted in glucose lowering in SD rats and db/db mice, and substantial body weight reduction and metabolism improvement in DIO mice. DR10627 is a promising agent deserving further investigation for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and obesity.Keywords: glucagon-like peptide-1, gastric inhibitory polypeptide receptor, obesity, type 2 diabetes, inflammation

Published
2024

17. Search for boosted keV-MeV light dark matter particles from evaporating primordial black holes at the CDEX-10 experiment

Author

Zhang, Z. H., Yang, L. T., Yue, Q., Kang, K. J., Li, Y. J., An, H. P., C., Greeshma, Chang, J. P., Chen, Y. H., Cheng, J. P., Dai, W. H., Deng, Z., Fang, C. H., Geng, X. P., Gong, H., Guo, Q. J., Guo, X. Y., He, L., He, S. M., Hu, J. W., Huang, H. X., Huang, T. C., Jia, H. T., Jiang, X., Karmakar, S., Li, H. B., Li, J. M., Li, J., Li, Q. Y., Li, R. M. J., Li, X. Q., Li, Y. L., Liang, Y. F., Liao, B., Lin, F. K., Lin, S. T., Liu, J. X., Liu, S. K., Liu, Y. D., Liu, Y., Liu, Y. Y., Liu, Z. Z., Ma, H., Mao, Y. C., Nie, Q. Y., Ning, J. H., Pan, H., Qi, N. C., Ren, J., Ruan, X. C., She, Z., Singh, M. K., Sun, T. X., Tang, C. J., Tang, W. Y., Tian, Y., Wang, G. F., Wang, L., Wang, Q., Wang, Y. F., Wang, Y. X., Wong, H. T., Wu, S. Y., Wu, Y. C., Xing, H. Y., Xu, R., Xu, Y., Xue, T., Yan, Y. L., Yi, N., Yu, C. X., Yu, H. J., Yue, J. F., Zeng, M., Zeng, Z., Zhang, B. T., Zhang, F. S., Zhang, L., Zhang, Z. Y., Zhao, K. K., Zhao, M. G., Zhou, J. F., Zhou, Z. Y., and Zhu, J. J.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

We present novel constraints on boosted light dark matter particles (denoted as ``$\chi$'') from evaporating primordial black holes (PBHs) using 205.4 kg$\cdot$day data from the China Jinping Underground Laboratory's CDEX-10 p-type point contact germanium detector with a 160 eVee analysis threshold. $\chi$ from PBHs with masses ranging from 1$\times$10$^{15}$ g to 7$\times$10$^{16}$ g are searched in this work. In the presence of PBH abundance compatible with present bounds, our result excludes the $\chi$-nucleon elastic-scattering cross section region from 3.4$\times$10$^{-32}$ cm$^{2}$ to 2.3$\times$10$^{-29}$ cm$^{2}$ for $\chi$ of 1 keV to 24 MeV from PBHs with masses of 5$\times$10$^{15}$ g, as well as from 1.1$\times$10$^{-28}$ cm$^{2}$ to 7.6$\times$10$^{-28}$ cm$^{2}$ for $\chi$ of 1 keV to 0.6 MeV from PBHs with masses of 7$\times$10$^{16}$ g. If the $\chi$-nucleon elastic-scattering cross section can be determined in the future, the abundance of PBHs may be severely constrained by $\chi$ evaporation. With the lower threshold (160 eVee) of the CDEX-10 experiment compared to the previously used experiments, this work allows for a better reach at soft spectra produced by heavier PBHs, which demonstrates the vast potential of such a technical route to pursue $\chi$ from larger PBHs with a low threshold., Comment: 8 pages, 6 figures. Version updated to match PRD version

Published
2022
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18. Search for exotic interactions of solar neutrinos in the CDEX-10 experiment

Author

Geng, X. P., Yang, L. T., Yue, Q., Kang, K. J., Li, Y. J., An, H. P., C., Greeshma, Chang, J. P., Chen, Y. H., Cheng, J. P., Dai, W. H., Deng, Z., Fang, C. H., Gong, H., Guo, Q. J., Guo, X. Y., He, L., He, S. M., Hu, J. W., Huang, H. X., Huang, T. C., Jia, H. T., Jiang, X., Karmakar, S., Li, H. B., Li, J. M., Li, J., Li, Q. Y., Li, R. M. J., Li, X. Q., Li, Y. L., Liang, Y. F., Liao, B., Lin, F. K., Lin, S. T., Liu, J. X., Liu, S. K., Liu, Y. D., Liu, Y., Liu, Y. Y., Liu, Z. Z., Ma, H., Mao, Y. C., Nie, Q. Y., Ning, J. H., Pan, H., Qi, N. C., Ren, J., Ruan, X. C., She, Z., Singh, M. K., Sun, T. X., Tang, C. J., Tang, W. Y., Tian, Y., Wang, G. F., Wang, L., Wang, Q., Wang, Y. F., Wang, Y. X., Wong, H. T., Wu, S. Y., Wu, Y. C., Xing, H. Y., Xu, R., Xu, Y., Xue, T., Yan, Y. L., Yi, N., Yu, C. X., Yu, H. J., Yue, J. F., Zeng, M., Zeng, Z., Zhang, B. T., Zhang, F. S., Zhang, L., Zhang, Z. H., Zhang, Z. Y., Zhao, K. K., Zhao, M. G., Zhou, J. F., Zhou, Z. Y., and Zhu, J. J.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

We investigate exotic neutrino interactions using the 205.4 kg$\cdot$day dataset from the CDEX-10 experiment at the China Jinping Underground Laboratory. New constraints on the mass and couplings of new gauge bosons are presented. Two nonstandard neutrino interactions are considered: a $U(1)_{B-L}$ gauge-boson-induced interaction between an active neutrino and electron/nucleus, and a dark-photon-induced interaction between a sterile neutrino and electron/nucleus via kinetic mixing with a photon. This work probes an unexplored parameter space involving sterile neutrino coupling with a dark photon. New laboratory limits are derived on dark photon masses below $1~{\rm eV}/c^{2}$ at some benchmark values of $\Delta m_{41}^{2}$ and $g^{\prime2}{\rm{sin}}^{2}2\theta_{14}$., Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures. Version updated to match PRD version

Published
2022
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19. Exotic Dark Matter Search with CDEX-10 Experiment at China's Jinping Underground Laboratory

Author

Dai, W. H., Jia, L. P., Ma, H., Yue, Q., Kang, K. J., Li, Y. J., An, H. P., C., Greeshma, Chang, J. P., Chen, Y. H., Cheng, J. P., Deng, Z., Fang, C. H., Geng, X. P., Gong, H., Guo, Q. J., Guo, X. Y., He, L., He, S. M., Hu, J. W., Huang, H. X., Huang, T. C., Jia, H. T., Jiang, X., Karmakar, S., Li, H. B., Li, J. M., Li, J., Li, Q. Y., Li, R. M. J., Li, X. Q., Li, Y. L., Liang, Y. F., Liao, B., Lin, F. K., Lin, S. T., Liu, S. K., Liu, Y. D., Liu, Y., Liu, Y. Y., Liu, Z. Z., Mao, Y. C., Nie, Q. Y., Ning, J. H., Pan, H., Qi, N. C., Ren, J., Ruan, X. C., She, Z., Singh, M. K., Sun, T. X., Tang, C. J., Tang, W. Y., Tian, Y., Wang, G. F., Wang, L., Wang, Q., Wang, Y., Wang, Y. X., Wong, H. T., Wu, S. Y., Wu, Y. C., Xing, H. Y., Xu, R., Xu, Y., Xue, T., Yan, Y. L., Yang, L. T., Yi, N., Yu, C. X., Yu, H. J., Yue, J. F., Zeng, M., Zeng, Z., Zhang, B. T., Zhang, F. S., Zhang, L., Zhang, Z. H., Zhang, Z. Y., Zhao, K. K., Zhao, M. G., Zhou, J. F., Zhou, Z. Y., and Zhu, J. J.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

A search for exotic dark matter (DM) in the sub-GeV mass range has been conducted using 205 kg$\cdot$day data taken from a p-type point contact germanium detector of CDEX-10 experiment at China Jinping underground laboratory. New low-mass dark matter searching channels, neutral current fermionic DM absorption ($\chi+A\rightarrow \nu+A$) and DM-nucleus 3$\rightarrow$2 scattering ($\chi+\chi+A\rightarrow \phi+A$), have been analyzed with an energy threshold of 160 eVee. No significant signal was found. Thus new limits on the DM-nucleon interaction cross section are set for both models at sub-GeV DM mass region. A cross section limit for the fermionic DM absorption is set to be $\rm 2.5\times 10^{-46} cm^2$(90\% C.L.) at DM mass of 10 MeV/c$^2$. For the DM-nucleus 3$\rightarrow$2 scattering scenario, limits are extended to DM mass of 5 MeV/c$^2$ and 14 MeV/c$^2$ for the massless dark photon and bound DM final state, respectively., Comment: 5 pages, 7 figures

Published
2022
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21. Efficient Second Harmonic Generation from Silicon Slotted Nanocubes with Bound States in the Continuum

Author

Fang, C., Yang, Q., Yuan, Q., Gu, L., Gan, X., Shao, Y., Liu, Y., Han, G., and Hao, Y.

Subjects
Physics - Optics
Abstract

Optical materials with centrosymmetry, such as silicon and germanium, are unfortunately absent of second-order nonlinear optical responses, hindering their developments in efficient nonlinear optical devices. Here, a design with an array of slotted nanocubes is proposed to realize remarkable second harmonic generation (SHG) from the centrosymmetric silicon, which takes advantage of enlarged surface second-order nonlinearity, strengthened electric field over the surface of the air-slot, as well as the resonance enhancement by the bound states in the continuum. Compared with that from the array of silicon nanocubes without air-slots, SHG from the slotted nanocube array is improved by more than two orders of magnitude. The experimentally measured SHG efficiency of the silicon slotted nanocube array is high as 1.8*10^-4 W^-1, which is expected to be further engineered by modifying the air-slot geometries. Our result could provide a new strategy to expand nonlinear optical effects and devices of centrosymmetric materials., Comment: 31 pages, 9 figures, 1 Table, 1 TOC

Published
2022
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22. High-Q Resonances Governed by the Quasi-Bound States in the Continuum in All-Dielectric Metasurfaces

Author

Fang, C., Yang, Q., Yuan, Q., Gan, X., Zhao, J., Shao, Y., Liu, Y., Han, G., and Hao, Y.

Subjects
Physics - Optics
Abstract

The realization of high-Q resonances in a silicon metasurface with various broken-symmetry blocks is reported. Theoretical analysis reveals that the sharp resonances in the metasurfaces originate from symmetry-protected bound states in the continuum (BIC) and the magnetic dipole dominates these peculiar states. A smaller size of the defect in the broken-symmetry block gives rise to the resonance with a larger Q factor. Importantly, this relationship can be tuned by changing the structural parameter, resulting from the modulation of the topological configuration of BICs. Consequently, a Q factor of more than 3,000 can be easily achieved by optimizing dimensions of the nanostructure. At this sharp resonance, the intensity of the third harmonic generation signal in the patterned structure can be 368 times larger than that of the flat silicon film. The proposed strategy and underlying theory can open up new avenues to realize ultrasharp resonances, which may promote the development of the potential meta-devices for nonlinearity, lasing action, and sensing., Comment: 12 pages,5 figures

Published
2022
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23. Constraints on Sub-GeV Dark Matter--Electron Scattering from the CDEX-10 Experiment

Author

Zhang, Z. Y., Yang, L. T., Yue, Q., Kang, K. J., Li, Y. J., Agartioglu, M., An, H. P., Chang, J. P., Chen, Y. H., Cheng, J. P., Dai, W. H., Deng, Z., Fang, C. H., Geng, X. P., Gong, H., Guo, Q. J., Guo, X. Y., He, L., He, S. M., Hu, J. W., Huang, H. X., Huang, T. C., Jia, H. T., Jiang, X., Li, H. B., Li, J. M., Li, J., Li, Q. Y., Li, R. M. J., Li, X. Q., Li, Y. L., Liang, Y. F., Liao, B., Lin, F. K., Lin, S. T., Liu, S. K., Liu, Y. D., Liu, Y., Liu, Y. Y., Liu, Z. Z., Ma, H., Mao, Y. C., Nie, Q. Y., Ning, J. H., Pan, H., Qi, N. C., Ren, J., Ruan, X. C., Saraswat, K., Sharma, V., She, Z., Singh, M. K., Sun, T. X., Tang, C. J., Tang, W. Y., Tian, Y., Wang, G. F., Wang, L., Wang, Q., Wang, Y., Wang, Y. X., Wong, H. T., Wu, S. Y., Wu, Y. C., Xing, H. Y., Xu, R., Xu, Y., Xue, T., Yan, Y. L., Yeh, C. H., Yi, N., Yu, C. X., Yu, H. J., Yue, J. F., Zeng, M., Zeng, Z., Zhang, B. T., Zhang, F. S., Zhang, L., Zhang, Z. H., Zhao, K. K., Zhao, M. G., Zhou, J. F., Zhou, Z. Y., and Zhu, J. J.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

We present improved germanium-based constraints on sub-GeV dark matter via dark matter--electron ($\chi$-$e$) scattering using the 205.4 kg$\cdot$day dataset from the CDEX-10 experiment. Using a novel calculation technique, we attain predicted $\chi$-$e$ scattering spectra observable in high-purity germanium detectors. In the heavy mediator scenario, our results achieve 3 orders of magnitude of improvement for $m_{\chi}$ larger than 80 MeV/c$^2$ compared to previous germanium-based $\chi$-$e$ results. We also present the most stringent $\chi$-$e$ cross-section limit to date among experiments using solid-state detectors for $m_{\chi}$ larger than 90 MeV/c$^2$ with heavy mediators and $m_{\chi}$ larger than 100 MeV/c$^2$ with electric dipole coupling. The result proves the feasibility and demonstrates the vast potential of a new $\chi$-$e$ detection method with high-purity germanium detectors in ultralow radioactive background., Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures. Version updated to match PRL version

Published
2022
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24. Search for Neutrinoless Double-Beta Decay of $^{76}$Ge with a Natural Broad Energy Germanium Detector

Author

CDEX collaboration, Dai, W. H., Ma, H., Yue, Q., She, Z., Kang, K. J., Li, Y. J., Agartioglu, M., An, H. P., Chang, J. P., Chen, Y. H., Cheng, J. P., Deng, Z., Fang, C. H., Geng, X. P., Gong, H., Guo, Q. J., Guo, X. Y., He, L., He, S. M., Hu, J. W., Huang, H. X., Huang, T. C., Jia, H. T., Jiang, X., Li, H. B., Li, J. M., Li, J., Li, Q. Y., Li, R. M. J., Li, X. Q., Li, Y. L., Liang, Y. F., Liao, B., Lin, F. K., Lin, S. T., Liu, S. K., Liu, Y. D., Liu, Y., Liu, Y. Y., Liu, Z. Z., Mao, Y. C., Nie, Q. Y., Ning, J. H., Pan, H., Qi, N. C., Ren, J., Ruan, X. C., Saraswat, K., Sharma, V., Singh, M. K., Sun, T. X., Tang, C. J., Tang, W. Y., Tian, Y., Wang, G. F., Wang, L., Wang, Q., Wang, Y., Wang, Y. X., Wong, H. T., Wu, S. Y., Wu, Y. C., Xing, H. Y., Xu, R., Xu, Y., Xue, T., Yan, Y. L., Yang, L. T., Yeh, C. H., Yi, N., Yu, C. X., Yu, H. J., Yue, J. F., Zeng, M., Zeng, Z., Zhang, B. T., Zhang, F. S., Zhang, L., Zhang, Z. H., Zhang, Z. Y., Zhao, K. K., Zhao, M. G., Zhou, J. F., Zhou, Z. Y., and Zhu, J. J.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

A natural broad energy germanium (BEGe) detector is operated in the China Jinping Underground Laboratory (CJPL) for a feasibility study of building the next generation experiment of the neutrinoless double-beta (0{$\nu\beta\beta$}) decay of $^{76}$Ge. The setup of the prototype facility, characteristics of the BEGe detector, background reduction methods, and data analysis are described in this paper. A background index of 6.4$\times$10$^{-3}$ counts/(keV$\cdot$kg$\cdot$day) is achieved and 1.86 times lower than our previous result of the CDEX-1 detector. No signal is observed with an exposure of 186.4 kg$\cdot$day, thus a limit on the half life of $^{76}$Ge 0$\nu\beta\beta$ decay is set at T$_{1/2}^{0\nu}$ $>$ 5.62$\times$10$^{22}$ yr at 90% C.L.. The limit corresponds to an effective Majorana neutrino mass in the range of 4.6 $\sim$ 10.3 eV, dependent on the nuclear matrix elements., Comment: 10 pages, 15 figures

Published
2022
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25. A simple, passive design for large optical trap arrays for single atoms

Author

Huft, P., Song, Y., Graham, T. M., Jooya, K., Deshpande, S., Fang, C., Kats, M., and Saffman, M.

Subjects
Quantum Physics, Physics - Optics
Abstract

We present an approach for trapping cold atoms in a 2D optical trap array generated with a novel 4f filtering scheme and custom transmission mask without any active device. The approach can be used to generate arrays of bright or dark traps, or both simultaneously with a single wavelength for forming two-species traps. We demonstrate the design by creating a 2D array of 1225 dark trap sites, where single Cs atoms are loaded into regions of near-zero intensity in an approximately Gaussian profile trap. Moreover, we demonstrate a simple solution to the problem of out-of-focus trapped atoms, which occurs due to the Talbot effect in periodic optical lattices. Using a high power yet low cost spectrally and spatially broadband laser, out-of-focus interference is mitigated, leading to near perfect removal of Talbot plane traps., Comment: v3: minor revisions

Published
2022
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26. Decayless longitudinal oscillations of a solar filament maintained by quasi-periodic jets

Author

Ni, Y. W., Guo, J. H., Zhang, Q. M., Chen, J. L., Fang, C., and Chen, P. F.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract

Context: As a ubiquitous phenomenon, large-amplitude longitudinal filament oscillations usually decay in 1--4 periods. Recently, we observed a decayless case of such oscillations in the corona. Aims: We try to understand the physical process that maintains the decayless oscillation of the filament. Methods: Multi-wavelength imaging observations and magnetograms are collected to study the dynamics of the filament oscillation and its associated phenomena. To explain the decayless oscillations, we also perform one-dimensional hydrodynamic numerical simulations using the MPI-AMRVAC code. Results: In observations, the filament oscillates decaylessly with a period of $36.4 \pm 0.3$ min for almost 4 hours before eruption. During oscillations, four quasi-periodic jets emanate from a magnetic cancellation site near the filament. The time interval between neighboring jets is $\sim 68.9 \pm 1.0$ min. Numerical simulations constrained by the observations reproduced the decayless longitudinal oscillations. However, it is surprising to find that the period of the decayless oscillations is not consistent with the pendulum model. Conclusions: We propose that the decayless longitudinal oscillations of the filament are maintained by quasi-periodic jets, which is verified by the hydrodynamic simulations. More importantly, it is found that, when driven by quasi-periodic jets, the period of the filament longitudinal oscillations depends also on the driving period of the jets, not simply the pendulum period. With a parameter survey in simulations, we derived a formula, by which one can derive the pendulum oscillation period using the observed period of decayless filament oscillations and the driving periods of jets., Comment: 11 pages, 10 figures, accepted for publication in Section 9. The Sun and the Heliosphere of Astronomy and Astrophysics, comments are welcome

Published
2022
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27. Constraints on sub-GeV dark matter boosted by cosmic rays from the CDEX-10 experiment at the China Jinping Underground Laboratory

Author

Xu, R., Yang, L. T., Yue, Q., Kang, K. J., Li, Y. J., Agartioglu, M., An, H. P., Chang, J. P., Chen, Y. H., Cheng, J. P., Dai, W. H., Deng, Z., Fang, C. H., Geng, X. P., Gong, H., Guo, X. Y., Guo, Q. J., He, L., He, S. M., Hu, J. W., Huang, H. X., Huang, T. C., Jia, H. T., Jiang, X., Li, H. B., Li, J. M., Li, J., Li, Q. Y., Li, R. M. J., Li, X. Q., Li, Y. L., Liang, Y. F., Liao, B., Lin, F. K., Lin, S. T., Liu, S. K., Liu, Y., Liu, Y. D., Liu, Y. Y., Liu, Z. Z., Ma, H., Mao, Y. C., Nie, Q. Y., Ning, J. H., Pan, H., Qi, N. C., Ren, J., Ruan, X. C., Saraswat, K., Sharma, V., She, Z., Singh, M. K., Sun, T. X., Tang, C. J., Tang, W. Y., Tian, Y., Wang, G. F., Wang, L., Wang, Q., Wang, Y., Wang, Y. X., Wong, H. T., Wu, S. Y., Wu, Y. C., Xing, H. Y., Xu, Y., Xue, T., Yan, Y. L., Yeh, C. H., Yi, N., Yu, C. X., Yu, H. J., Yue, J. F., Zeng, M., Zeng, Z., Zhang, B. T., Zhang, F. S., Zhang, L., Zhang, Z. H., Zhang, Z. Y., Zhao, K. K., Zhao, M. G., Zhou, J. F., Zhou, Z. Y., and Zhu, J. J.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

We present new constraints on light dark matter boosted by cosmic rays (CRDM) using the 205.4 kg day data of the CDEX-10 experiment conducted at the China Jinping Underground Laboratory. The Monte Carlo simulation package CJPL\_ESS was employed to evaluate the Earth shielding effect. Several key factors have been introduced and discussed in our CRDM analysis, including the contributions from heavier CR nuclei than proton and helium, the inhomogeneity of CR distribution, and the impact of the form factor in the Earth attenuation calculation. Our result excludes the dark matter--nucleon elastic scattering cross-section region from $1.7\times 10^{-30}$ to $10^{-26}~\rm cm^2$ for dark matter of 10 keV$/c^2$ to 1 GeV$/c^2$., Comment: 9 pages, 7 figures. Version updated to match PRD version

Published
2022
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28. Transarterial Chemoembolization Combined with Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors Plus Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors for Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Propensity Score Matching Analysis

Author

Gao B, Yang F, Zheng D, Hu S, Liu J, Liu H, Liu Y, Liu L, Wang R, Zhao Y, Cui C, Fang C, Yang J, Su S, Han Y, Yang X, and Li B

Subjects
hepatocellular carcinoma, transarterial chemoembolization, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, immune checkpoint inhibitors, efficacy, Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, RC254-282
Abstract

Benjian Gao,1,2,&ast; Fengyi Yang,1,2,&ast; Dongning Zheng,1,2 Shuai Hu,1,2 Jie Liu,1,2 Hong Liu,1,2 Yongfa Liu,1,2 LinXin Liu,1,2 Rui Wang,1,2 Yi Zhao,1,2 Cheng Cui,1,2 Cheng Fang,1,2 Jin Yang,1,2 Song Su,1,2 Yunwei Han,3 Xiaoli Yang,1,2 Bo Li1,2 1Department of General Surgery (Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery), The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China; 2Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, Metabolic Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases Key Laboratory of Luzhou City, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Xiaoli Yang; Bo Li, Email 344920646@qq.com; liboer2002@126.comPurpose: This study aimed to explore the clinical efficacy of transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) in combination with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) plus immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) (triple therapy) compared to TACE alone (monotherapy) for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).Material and Methods: Data of consecutive advanced HCC patients receiving triple therapy or monotherapy at our center between January 2019 and December 2022 were collected and retrospectively analyzed. Propensity score matching (PSM) and subgroup analyses were performed to reduce the bias between the two groups. The primary outcomes of the study were the overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). The secondary outcomes were the objective response rate (ORR) and disease control rate (DCR).Results: A total of 104 patients were enrolled in this study: 41 in the triple therapy group and 63 in the monotherapy group. After PSM analysis, each group included 37 patients. The median OS and PFS were significantly longer in the triple therapy group than in the monotherapy group in the whole cohort (median OS, 18.8 vs 11.7 months, P = 0.022; median PFS, 10.5 vs 6.4 months, P = 0.012) and after PSM (median OS, 19.6 vs 12.5 months, P = 0.030; median PFS, 10.5 vs 6.7 months, P = 0.008). Furthermore, the treatment modality was an independent prognostic factor for OS (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.449, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.240– 0.840, P = 0.012) and PFS (HR: 0.406, 95% CI: 0.231– 0.713, P = 0.002) according to the multivariate cox regression analysis. A greater ORR was also observed in the triple therapy group (ORR: 56.7% vs 32.4%, P = 0.035). No significant difference was observed in DCR between the two groups (83.7% vs 72.9%, P = 0.259).Conclusion: The triple therapy was superior to the monotherapy regarding OS, PFS, and ORR of advanced HCC patients.Keywords: hepatocellular carcinoma, transarterial chemoembolization, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, immune checkpoint inhibitors, efficacy

Published
2023

29. Chlamydia psittaci Pneumonia-Induced Pulmonary Thrombosis: A Case Report

Author

Fang C and Xu L

Subjects
chlamydia psittaci, pneumonia, pulmonary thrombosis, metagenomic next-generation sequencing, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract

Changquan Fang,1 Limin Xu2 1Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Huizhou Central People’s Hospital, Huizhou, Guangdong Province, Peoples’ Republic of China; 2Department of Geriatrics, Huizhou First People’s Hospital, Huizhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Limin Xu, Department of Geriatrics, Huizhou First People’s Hospital, No. 20 Sanxin South Road, Huicheng District, Huizhou City, Guangdong Province, 516000, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 136-3199-9563, Email 837899883@qq.comAbstract: Chlamydia psittaci pneumonia frequently leads to various extrapulmonary complications; however, reports of C. psittaci-pneumonia complicated by pulmonary thrombosis are uncommon. We report a case of severe C. psittaci pneumonia in a patient with a history of poultry contact and clinical manifestations including hyperpyrexia, dyspnea, and respiratory failure, which necessitated tracheal intubation for assisted ventilation. C. psittaci in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was detected with metagenomic next-generation sequencing. Following targeted antibiotic therapy, the fever subsided, although dyspnea persisted without significant improvement, and chest pain developed. Compared to previous measurements, the D-dimer level increased, and CT pulmonary angiography revealed thromboses in the pulmonary artery trunk and left pulmonary artery. The symptoms improved after anticoagulant treatment, and the patient was discharged subsequently. This study suggests that C. psittaci infection may be associated with the formation of pulmonary thrombosis. Additional clinical data are required to support this inference. Following targeted antibiotic therapy, if persistent dyspnea, chest pain, and increased D-dimer level are present, pulmonary thrombosis should be considered, and pulmonary artery angiography can confirm the diagnosis.Keywords: Chlamydia psittaci, pneumonia, pulmonary thrombosis, metagenomic next-generation sequencing

Published
2023

30. Studies of the Earth shielding effect to direct dark matter searches at the China Jinping Underground Laboratory

Author

Liu, Z. Z., Yang, L. T., Yue, Q., Yeh, C. H., Kang, K. J., Li, Y. J., Agartioglu, M., An, H. P., Chang, J. P., Chen, J. H., Chen, Y. H., Cheng, J. P., Dai, W. H., Deng, Z., Fang, C. H., Geng, X. P., Gong, H., Guo, X. Y., Guo, Q. J., He, L., He, S. M., Hu, J. W., Huang, H. X., Huang, T. C., Jia, H. T., Jiang, X., Li, H. B., Li, J. M., Li, J., Li, R. M. J., Li, X. Q., Li, Y. L., Liao, B., Lin, F. K., Lin, S. T., Liu, S. K., Liu, Y., Liu, Y. D., Liu, Y. Y., Ma, H., Mao, Y. C., Nie, Q. Y., Ning, J. H., Pan, H., Qi, N. C., Ren, J., Ruan, X. C., Saraswat, K., Sharma, V., She, Z., Singh, M. K., Sun, T. X., Tang, C. J., Tang, W. Y., Tian, Y., Wang, G. F., Wang, L., Wang, Q., Wang, Y., Wang, Y. X., Wang, Z., Wong, H. T., Wu, S. Y., Wu, Y. C., Xing, H. Y., Xu, Y., Xue, T., Yan, Y. L., Yi, N., Yu, C. X., Yu, H. J., Yue, J. F., Zeng, M., Zeng, Z., Zhang, B. T., Zhang, F. S., Zhang, Z. H., Zhang, Z. Y., Zhao, K. K., Zhao, M. G., Zhou, J. F., Zhou, Z. Y., and Zhu, J. J.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

Dark matter direct detection experiments mostly operate at deep underground laboratories. It is necessary to consider shielding effect of the Earth, especially for dark matter particles interacting with a large cross section. We analyzed and simulated the Earth shielding effect for dark matter at the China Jinping Underground Laboratory (CJPL) with a simulation package, CJPL Earth Shielding Simulation code (CJPL\_ESS), which is applicable to other underground locations. The further constraints on the $\chi$-N cross section exclusion regions are derived based on the studies with CDEX experiment data., Comment: 8 pages, 8 figures, 2 tables. Version updated to match PRD version

Published
2021
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31. Simulations of solar filament fine structures and their counterstreaming flows

Author

Zhou, Y. H., Chen, P. F., Hong, J., and Fang, C.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract

Solar filaments, also called solar prominences when appearing above the solar limb, are cold, dense materials suspended in the hot tenuous solar corona, consisting of numerous long, fibril-like threads. These threads are the key to disclosing the physics of solar filaments. Similar structures also exist in galaxy clusters. Besides their mysterious formation, filament threads are observed to move with alternating directions, which are called counterstreaming flows. However, the origin of these flows has not been clarified yet. Here we report that turbulent heating at the solar surface is the key, which randomly evaporates materials from the solar surface to the corona, naturally reproducing the formation and counterstreamings of the sparse threads in the solar corona. We further suggest that while the cold H$\alpha$ counterstreamings are mainly due to longitudinal oscillations of the filament threads, there are million-kelvin counterstreamings in the corona between threads, which are alternating unidirectional flows., Comment: 12 pages, 6 figures

Published
2021
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32. Safety and Efficacy of Cryoballoon Pulmonary Vein Isolation and Left Atrial Appendage Closure Combined Procedure and Half-Dose Rivaroxaban After Operation in Elderly Patients with Atrial Fibrillation

Author

Zhang X, Xing Z, Fang C, Yang M, Luo J, and Ning Z

Subjects
pulmonary vein isolation, left atrial appendage closure, cryo-balloon, rivaroxaban, atrial fibrillation, elderly patients, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Xiaogang Zhang,&ast; Zhongying Xing,&ast; Chao Fang, Meiling Yang, Jun Luo, Zhongping Ning Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Pudong New Area Zhoupu Hospital (Shanghai Health Medical College Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital), Shanghai, 201318, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Zhongping Ning, Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Pudong New Area Zhoupu Hospital (Shanghai Health Medical College Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital), No. 1500 Zhouyuan Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 201318, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-021-68135590, Email ningzpsh@163.comBackground: To investigate the safety and effectiveness of cryo-balloon pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) and left atrial appendage closure (LAAC) combined procedure and half-dose rivaroxaban after operation in elderly patients with atrial fibrillation (AF).Patients and Methods: A total of 203 AF patients presented for cryo-balloon PVI, and LAAC combined procedure was included from 2019 to 2021. Postoperative patients were anticoagulated with rivaroxaban with/without clopidogrel for 60 days, with oral rivaroxaban of 10 mg in the elderly group and 20 mg in the non-elderly group. Patients with AF ≥ 80 and < 80 years were considered elderly and non-elderly groups, respectively. Scheduled follow-ups and transesophageal echocardiography were used to assess peri- and post-procedural safety and effectiveness.Results: A total of 203 patients underwent the combined procedure, 83 in the elderly and 120 in the non-elderly groups. All patients successfully obtained PVI and satisfactory LAAC. During the perioperative period, one patient had puncture complications in the elderly group and one with thrombosis in the non-elderly group. Oral rivaroxaban was administered to 83.2% and 75% of patients in the elderly and non-elderly groups, respectively, and rivaroxaban was combined with clopidogrel anticoagulation in the remaining patients. The annual rates of composite clinical events were 8.4% and 9.2% in the elderly and non-elderly groups, respectively, with no statistically significant difference. Patients in both groups had complete sealing, and there was no displacement of devices, death and peripheral arterial thrombosis. Recurrence of AF occurred in 25 and 32 patients in the elderly and non-elderly groups, respectively, with no statistically significant difference. Besides, the two groups had no statistically significant difference in cerebral infarction/transient ischemic attack and device-related thrombosis (p > 0.05).Conclusion: This study suggests that cryo-balloon PVI and LAAC combined procedure and half-dose rivaroxaban after the operation is safe and effective in treating elderly patients with AF.Keywords: pulmonary vein isolation, left atrial appendage closure, cryo-balloon, rivaroxaban, atrial fibrillation, elderly patients

Published
2023

33. Pseudoprogression Disease in a Patient with Small Cell Lung Cancer on Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy

Author

Zhu W, Wu L, Wu J, Lin S, Fang C, and Zhang H

Subjects
small cell lung cancer, immunotherapy, pseudoprogression, Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, RC254-282
Abstract

Wanshan Zhu, Lexia Wu, Jiaming Wu, Sihong Lin, Cantu Fang, Huatang Zhang Zhongshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhongshan, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Huatang Zhang, Email paul201503@163.comAbstract: Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) accounts for approximately 15% of all lung cancers and is on the rise annually. It is characterized by low differentiation, high malignancy, and rapid growth. Consequently, treatment options are limited, and the patient’s prognosis is poor. The emergence of immunotherapy has partially improved the survival and prognosis of SCLC patients. However, a unique response known as “pseudoprogression” during immunotherapy has raised concerns. The occurrence of tumor enlargement despite a positive response to immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy undoubtedly affects the assessment of clinical drug efficacy and the selection of subsequent treatment strategies. In this article, we analyze a clinical case of pseudoprogression in a patient with SCLC who received immune therapy (Durvalumab). Currently, there is insufficient evidence-based medicine to guide the diagnosis, differentiation and subsequent treatment strategies for pseudoprogression in SCLC following immunotherapy. Through this case report and literature review, we aim to provide diagnostic and therapeutic insights for the clinical use of immunotherapy in advanced SCLC. Additionally, we hope that fellow readers of this article can engage in further collaborative discussions through more clinical research.Keywords: small cell lung cancer, immunotherapy, pseudoprogression

Published
2023

34. The Emerging Role of Ferroptosis in Sepsis, Opportunity or Challenge?

Author

Huang Q, Ding Y, Fang C, Wang H, and Kong L

Subjects
sepsis, ferroptosis, organ damage, lipid peroxidation, treatment, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract

Qigang Huang, Yingwei Ding, Chao Fang, Hao Wang, Laifa Kong Department of Emergency Medicine, Zhejiang University Medical College Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Jinhua, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Laifa Kong, Department of Emergency Medicine, Zhejiang University Medical College Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Jinhua, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China, Email h1585897@163.comAbstract: Sepsis is a syndrome in multi-organ dysfunction triggered by a deleterious immunological reaction of the body to a condition caused by infection, surgery, or trauma. Currently, sepsis is thought to be primarily associated with abnormal immune responses resulting in organ microcirculatory disturbances, cellular mitochondrial dysfunction, and induced cell death, although the exact pathogenesis of sepsis is still inconclusive. In recent years, the role of abnormal metabolism of trace nutrients in the pathogenesis of sepsis has been investigated. Ferroptosis is a type of cell death that relies on iron and is characterized by unique morphological, biochemical, and genetic features. Unlike other forms of cell death, such as autophagy, apoptosis, necrosis, and pyroptosis, ferroptosis is primarily driven by lipid peroxidation. Ferroptosis cells may be immunogenic, amplify inflammatory responses, cause more cell death, and ultimately induce multi-organ failure. An increasing number of studies have indicated the significance of ferroptosis in sepsis and its role in reducing inflammation. The effectiveness of sepsis treatment has been demonstrated by the use of drugs that specifically target molecules associated with the ferroptosis pathway, including ferroptosis inhibitors. Nevertheless, there is a scarcity of studies investigating the multi-organ dysfunction caused by ferroptosis in sepsis. This article presents a summary and evaluation of recent progress in the role of ferroptosis through molecularly regulated mechanisms and its potential mechanisms of action in the multi-organ dysfunction associated with sepsis. It also discusses the current challenges and prospects in understanding the connection between sepsis and ferroptosis, and proposes innovative ideas and strategies for the treatment of sepsis.Keywords: sepsis, ferroptosis, organ damage, lipid peroxidation, treatment

Published
2023

38. Quantitatively Designing Porous Copper Current Collectors for Lithium Metal Anodes

Author

Lu, B, Olivera, E, Scharf, J, Chouchane, M, Fang, C, Ceja, M, Pangilinan, LE, Zheng, S, Dawson, A, Cheng, D, Bao, W, Arcelus, O, Franco, AA, Li, X, Tolbert, SH, and Meng, YS

Subjects
lithium metal anode, porous copper, three-dimensional current collector, tortuosity factor, X-ray microscale computed tomography, titration gas chromatography
Abstract

Lithium metal has been an attractive candidate as a next-generation anode material. Despite its popularity, stability issues of lithium in the liquid electrolyte and the formation of lithium whiskers have kept it from practical use. Three-dimensional (3D) current collectors have been proposed as an effective method to mitigate whisker growth. Although extensive research has been done, the effects of three key parameters of the 3D current collectors, namely, the surface area, the tortuosity factor, and the surface chemistry, on the performance of lithium metal batteries remain elusive. Herein, we quantitatively studied the role of these three parameters by synthesizing four types of porous copper networks with different sizes of well-structured microchannels. X-ray microscale computed tomography (micro-CT) allowed us to assess the surface area, the pore size, and the tortuosity factor of the porous copper materials. A metallic Zn coating was also applied to study the influence of surface chemistry on the performance of the 3D current collectors. The effects of these parameters on the performance were studied in detail through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and titration gas chromatography (TGC). Stochastic simulations further allowed us to interpret the role of the tortuosity factor in lithiation. The optimal range of the key parameters is thereby found for the porous coppers and their performance is predicted. Using these parameters to inform the design of porous copper anodes for Li deposition, Coulombic efficiencies (CEs) of up to 99.63% are achieved, thus paving the way for the design of effective 3D current collector systems.

Published
2021

39. Serum Uric Acid to High‑density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Ratio is Associated with Visceral Fat in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

Author

Sun H, Su H, Zheng R, Liu C, Wang Y, and Fang C

Subjects
hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, visceral adiposity, Specialties of internal medicine, RC581-951
Abstract

Hongping Sun,1,&ast; Hong Su,1,&ast; Rendong Zheng,1 Chao Liu,1 Yu Wang,2 Changqian Fang2 1Endocrine and Diabetes Center, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing Lishui District Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 211200, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Rendong Zheng; Chao Liu, Endocrine and Diabetes Center, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 100, Shizi Street, Hongshan Road, Nanjing, 210028, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 159 9623 8035 ; +86 133 3780 6688, Fax +86-025-85608778, Email zhrd2000@sina.com; liuchao@nfmcn.comObjective: To determine whether the uric acid/high‑density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (UHR) is associated with visceral fat area (VFA) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Methods: Participants aged 18– 70 years with a diagnosis of T2DM were recruited from the National Metabolic Management Center from January 2020 to July 2022. Medical data collected for all participants included medical history, general measures, carotid intima-media thickness, abdominal VFA, and subcutaneous fat area (SFA). The participants were divided into groups according to VFA ≥ 100 cm2 (n=109) and VFA < 100 cm2 (n=100).Results: Compared with the VFA < 100 cm2 group, the VFA ≥ 100 cm2 group had higher height, weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), SFA, fasting plasma glucose, fasting insulin, C peptide, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase, γ-glutamine acyltransferase (γ-GGT), uric acid (UA), triglyceride (TG), and UHR measurements and lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (P< 0.05). No significant difference was observed between the groups for age, duration of T2DM, diastolic blood pressure, systolic blood pressure, IMT, glycosylated hemoglobin, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Positive correlations were found between the UHR and height, weight, BMI, WC, HC, C peptide, ALT, γ-GGT, TG, and UA, as well as between VFA and these variables (P< 0.05). Both the UHR and VFA were negatively correlated with HDL-C (P< 0.05). Positive correlations were observed between VFA and the UHR as well as UA (P< 0.05), and a negative correlation was found between VFA and HDL-C (P< 0.05). Multivariate linear stepwise regression identified BMI, WC, UHR, SFA, and HC as influencing factors for VFA (P< 0.05).Conclusion: UHR was positively associated with VFA in T2DM patients and may be a useful and convenient additional tool for metabolic risks in these patients.Keywords: hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, visceral adiposity

Published
2023

40. First experimental constraints on WIMP couplings in the effective field theory framework from CDEX

Author

Wang, Y., Zeng, Z., Yue, Q., Yang, L. T., Kang, K. J., Li, Y. J., Agartioglu, M., An, H. P., Chang, J. P., Chen, J. H., Chen, Y. H., Cheng, J. P., Chiang, C. Y., Dai, W. H., Deng, Z., Fang, C. H., Geng, X. P., Gong, H., Guo, Q. J., Guo, X. Y., He, H. J., He, L., He, S. M., Hu, J. W., Huang, T. C., Huang, H. X., Jia, H. T., Jia, L. P., Jiang, X., Li, H. B., Li, J. M., Li, J., Li, M. X., Li, R. M. J., Li, X., Li, Y. L., Liao, B., Lin, F. K., Lin, S. T., Liu, S. K., Liu, Y. D., Liu, Y., Liu, Y. Y., Liu, Z. Z., Ma, H., Mao, Y. C., Nie, Q. Y., Ning, J. H., Pan, H., Qi, N. C., Ren, J., Ruan, X. C., Shang, C. S., Sharma, V., She, Z., Singh, L., Singh, M. K., Sun, T. X., Tang, C. J., Tang, W. Y., Tian, Y., Wang, G. F., Wang, L., Wang, Q., Wang, Y. C., Wang, Y. X., Wang, Z., Wong, H. T., Wu, S. Y., Wu, Y. C., Xing, H. Y., Xu, Y., Xue, T., Yan, Y. L., Yi, N., Yu, C. X., Yu, H. J., Yue, J. F., Zeng, M., Zhang, B. T., Zhang, L., Zhang, F. S., Zhang, Z. Y., Zhao, K. K., Zhao, M. G., Zhou, J. F., Zhou, Z. Y., and Zhu, J. J.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

We present weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) search results performed using two approaches of effective field theory from the China Dark Matter Experiment (CDEX), based on the data from both CDEX-1B and CDEX-10 stages. In the nonrelativistic effective field theory approach, both time-integrated and annual modulation analyses were used to set new limits for the coupling of WIMP-nucleon effective operators at 90% confidence level (C.L.) and improve over the current bounds in the low $m_{\chi}$ region. In the chiral effective field theory approach, data from CDEX-10 were used to set an upper limit on WIMP-pion coupling at 90% C.L. We for the first time extended the limit to the $m_{\chi}<$ 6 GeV/$c^2$ region., Comment: version accepted by Science China-PMA, 8 pages, 8 figures

Published
2020
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41. Spectral Diagnostics of Solar Photospheric Bright Points

Author

Hao, Q., Fang, C., Ding, M. D., Li, Z., and Cao, W.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract

By use of the high-resolution spectral data and the broadband imaging obtained with the Goode Solar Telescope at the Big Bear Solar Observatory on 2013 June 6, the spectra of three typical photospheric bright points (PBPs) have been analyzed. Based on the H$\alpha$ and Ca II 8542 \AA line profiles, as well as the TiO continuum emission, for the first time, the non-LTE semi-empirical atmospheric models for the PBPs are computed. The attractive characteristic is the temperature enhancement in the lower photosphere. The temperature enhancement is about 200 -- 500 K at the same column mass density as in the atmospheric model of the quiet-Sun. The total excess radiative energy of a typical PBP is estimated to be 1$\times$10$^{27}$ - 2$\times$10$^{27}$ ergs, which can be regarded as the lower limit energy of the PBPs. The radiation flux in the visible continuum for the PBPs is about 5.5$\times$10$^{10}$ ergs cm$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$. Our result also indicates that the temperature in the atmosphere above PBPs is close to that of a plage. It gives a clear evidence that PBPs may contribute significantly to the heating of the plage atmosphere. Using our semi-empirical atmospheric models, we estimate self-consistently the average magnetic flux density $B$ in the PBPs. It is shown that the maximum value is about one kilo-Gauss, and it decreases towards both higher and lower layers, reminding us of the structure of a flux tube between photospheric granules., Comment: 18 pages, 10 figures, 1 tables. Accepted to ApJ

Published
2020

42. Optimization of the JUNO liquid scintillator composition using a Daya Bay antineutrino detector

Author

Bay, Daya, collaborations, JUNO, Abusleme, A., Adam, T., Ahmad, S., Aiello, S., Akram, M., Ali, N., An, F. P., An, G. P., An, Q., Andronico, G., Anfimov, N., Antonelli, V., Antoshkina, T., Asavapibhop, B., de André, J. P. A. M., Babic, A., Balantekin, A. B., Baldini, W., Baldoncini, M., Band, H. R., Barresi, A., Baussan, E., Bellato, M., Bernieri, E., Biare, D., Birkenfeld, T., Bishai, M., Blin, S., Blum, D., Blyth, S., Bordereau, C., Brigatti, A., Brugnera, R., Budano, A., Burgbacher, P., Buscemi, M., Bussino, S., Busto, J., Butorov, I., Cabrera, A., Cai, H., Cai, X., Cai, Y. K., Cai, Z. Y., Cammi, A., Campeny, A., Cao, C. Y., Cao, G. F., Cao, J., Caruso, R., Cerna, C., Chakaberia, I., Chang, J. F., Chang, Y., Chen, H. S., Chen, P. A., Chen, P. P., Chen, S. M., Chen, S. J., Chen, X. R., Chen, Y. W., Chen, Y. X., Chen, Y., Chen, Z., Cheng, J., Cheng, Y. P., Cheng, Z. K., Chepurnov, A., Cherwinka, J. J., Chiarello, F., Chiesa, D., Chimenti, P., Chu, M. C., Chukanov, A., Chuvashova, A., Clementi, ., Clerbaux, B., Di Lorenzo, S. Conforti, Corti, D., Costa, S., Corso, F. D., Cummings, J. P., Dalager, O., De La Taille, C., Deng, F. S., Deng, J. W., Deng, Z., Deng, Z. Y., Depnering, W., Diaz, M., Ding, X. F., Ding, Y. Y., Dirgantara, B., Dmitrievsky, S., Diwan, M. V., Dohnal, T., Donchenko, G., Dong, J. M., Dornic, D., Doroshkevich, E., Dove, J., Dracos, M., Druillole, F., Du, S. X., Dusini, S., Dvorak, M., Dwyer, D. A., Enqvist, T., Enzmann, H., Fabbri, A., Fajt, L., Fan, D. H., Fan, L., Fang, C., Fang, J., Fatkina, A., Fedoseev, D., Fekete, V., Feng, L. C., Feng, Q. C., Fiorentini, G., Ford, R., Formozov, A., Fournier, A., Franke, S., Gallo, J. P., Gan, H. N., Gao, F., Garfagnini, A., Göttel, A., Genster, C., Giammarchi, M., Giaz, A., Giudice, N., Giuliani, F., Gonchar, M., Gong, G. H., Gong, H., Gorchakov, O., Gornushkin, Y., Grassi, M., Grewing, C., Gromov, M., Gromov, V., Gu, M. H., Gu, W. Q., Gu, X. F., Gu, Y., Guan, M. Y., Guardone, N., Gul, M., Guo, C., Guo, J. Y., Guo, L., Guo, W. L., Guo, X. H., Guo, Y. H., Guo, Z., Haacke, M., Hackenburg, R. W., Hackspacher, P., Hagner, C., Han, R., Han, Y., Hans, S., He, M., He, W., Heeger, K. M., Heinz, T., Heng, Y. K., Herrera, R., Higuera, A., Hong, D. J., Hor, Y. K., Hou, S. J., Hsiung, Y. B., Hu, B. Z., Hu, H., Hu, J. R., Hu, J., Hu, S. Y., Hu, T., Hu, Z. J., Huang, C. H., Huang, G. H., Huang, H. X., Huang, Q. H., Huang, W. H., Huang, X. T., Huang, Y. B., Huber, P., Hui, J. Q., Huo, L., Huo, W. J., Huss, C., Hussain, S., Insolia, A., Ioannisian, A., Ioannisyan, D., Isocrate, R., Jaffe, D. E., Jen, K. L., Ji, X. L., Ji, X. P., Ji, X. Z., Jia, H. H., Jia, J. J., Jian, S. Y., Jiang, D., Jiang, X. S., Jin, R. Y., Jing, X. P., Johnson, R. A., Jollet, C., Jones, D., Joutsenvaara, J., Jungthawan, S., Kalousis, L., Kampmann, P., Kang, L., Karagounis, M., Kazarian, N., Kettell, S. H., Khan, A., Khan, W., Khosonthongkee, K., Kinz, P., Kohn, S., Korablev, D., Kouzakov, K., Kramer, M., Krasnoperov, A., Krokhaleva, S., Krumshteyn, Z., Kruth, A., Kutovskiy, N., Kuusiniemi, P., Lachacinski, B., Lachenmaier, T., Langford, T. J., Lee, J., Lee, J. H. C., Lefevre, F., Lei, L., Lei, R., Leitner, R., Leung, J., Li, C., Li, D. M., Li, F., Li, H. T., Li, H. L., Li, J., Li, J. J., Li, J. Q., Li, K. J., Li, M. Z., Li, N., Li, Q. J., Li, R. H., Li, S. C., Li, S. F., Li, S. J., Li, T., Li, W. D., Li, W. G., Li, X. M., Li, X. N., Li, X. L., Li, X. Q., Li, Y., Li, Y. F., Li, Z. B., Li, Z. Y., Liang, H., Liang, J. J., Liebau, D., Limphirat, A., Limpijumnong, S., Lin, C. J., Lin, G. L., Lin, S. X., Lin, T., Lin, Y. H., Ling, J. J., Link, J. M., Lippi, I., Littenberg, L., Littlejohn, B. R., Liu, F., Liu, H., Liu, H. B., Liu, H. D., Liu, H. J., Liu, H. T., Liu, J. C., Liu, J. L., Liu, M., Liu, Q., Liu, R. X., Liu, S. Y., Liu, S. B., Liu, S. L., Liu, X. W., Liu, Y., Lokhov, A., Lombardi, P., Loo, K., Lorenz, S., Lu, C., Lu, H. Q., Lu, J. B., Lu, J. G., Lu, S. X., Lu, X. X., Lubsandorzhiev, B., Lubsandorzhiev, S., Ludhova, L., Luk, K. B., Luo, F. J., Luo, G., Luo, P. W., Luo, S., Luo, W. M., Lyashuk, V., Ma, Q. M., Ma, S., Ma, X. B., Ma, X. Y., Ma, Y. Q., Malyshkin, Y., Mantovani, F., Mao, Y. J., Mari, S. M., Marini, F., Marium, S., Marshall, C., Martellini, C., Martin-Chassard, G., Caicedo, D. A. Martinez, Martini, A., Martino, J., Mayilyan, D., McDonald, K. T., McKeown, R. D., Müller, A., Meng, G., Meng, Y., Meregaglia, A., Meroni, E., Meyhöfer, D., Mezzetto, M., Miller, J., Miramonti, L., Monforte, S., Montini, P., Montuschi, M., Morozov, N., Muralidharan, P., Napolitano, J., Nastasi, M., Naumov, D. V., Naumova, E., Nemchenok, I., Nikolaev, A., Ning, F. P., Ning, Z., Nunokawa, H., Oberauer, L., Ochoa-Ricoux, J. P., Olshevskiy, A., Ortica, F., Pan, H. R., Paoloni, A., Park, J., Parkalian, N., Parmeggiano, S., Patton, S., Payupol, T., Pec, V., Pedretti, D., Pei, Y. T., Pelliccia, N., Peng, A. G., Peng, H. P., Peng, J. C., Perrot, F., Petitjean, P. A., Rico, L. F. Pineres, Popov, A., Poussot, P., Pratumwan, W., Previtali, E., Pun, C. S. J., Qi, F. Z., Qi, M., Qian, S., Qian, X., Qian, X. H., Qiao, H., Qin, Z. H., Qiu, S. K., Rajput, M., Ranucci, G., Raper, N., Re, A., Rebber, H., Rebii, A., Ren, B., Ren, J., Reveco, C. M., Rezinko, T., Ricci, B., Robens, M., Roche, M., Rodphai, N., Rohwer, L., Romani, A., Rosero, R., Roskovec, B., Roth, C., Ruan, X. C., Ruan, X. D., Rujirawat, S., Rybnikov, A., Sadovsky, A., Saggese, P., Salamanna, G., Sangka, A., Sanguansak, N., Sawangwit, U., Sawatzki, J., Sawy, F., Schever, M., Schuler, J., Schwab, C., Schweizer, K., Selivanov, D., Selyunin, A., Serafini, A., Settanta, G., Settimo, M., Shahzad, M., Shi, G., Shi, J. Y., Shi, Y. 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Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

To maximize the light yield of the liquid scintillator (LS) for the Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO), a 20 t LS sample was produced in a pilot plant at Daya Bay. The optical properties of the new LS in various compositions were studied by replacing the gadolinium-loaded LS in one antineutrino detector. The concentrations of the fluor, PPO, and the wavelength shifter, bis-MSB, were increased in 12 steps from 0.5 g/L and <0.01 mg/L to 4 g/L and 13 mg/L, respectively. The numbers of total detected photoelectrons suggest that, with the optically purified solvent, the bis-MSB concentration does not need to be more than 4 mg/L. To bridge the one order of magnitude in the detector size difference between Daya Bay and JUNO, the Daya Bay data were used to tune the parameters of a newly developed optical model. Then, the model and tuned parameters were used in the JUNO simulation. This enabled to determine the optimal composition for the JUNO LS: purified solvent LAB with 2.5 g/L PPO, and 1 to 4 mg/L bis-MSB., Comment: 13 pages, 8 figures

Published
2020

43. Experimental digital Gabor hologram rendering by a model-trained convolutional neural network

Author

Rivet, J., Taliercio, A., Fang, C., Tochon, G., Géraud, T., Huignard, JP., and Atlan, M.

Subjects
Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Image and Video Processing, Physics - Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability, Physics - Optics
Abstract

Digital hologram rendering can be performed by a convolutional neural network, trained with image pairs calculated by numerical wave propagation from sparse generating images. 512-by-512 pixeldigital Gabor magnitude holograms are successfully estimated from experimental interferograms by a standard UNet trained with 50,000 synthetic image pairs over 70 epochs.

Published
2020

45. Large-Molecule Decomposition Products of Electrolytes and Additives Revealed by On-Electrode Chromatography and MALDI

Author

Fang, C, Lau, J, Hubble, D, Khomein, P, Dailing, EA, Liu, Y, and Liu, G

Abstract

The decomposition of electrolyte and additive molecules has a critical impact on battery performance. In this work, large-molecule decomposition products in solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) are identified with clear structure assignment by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS). The MALDI analysis is facilitated by on-electrode chromatography that serves to fractionate different molecular species on the electrode surfaces prior to MS measurements. These methods exemplify a practical and readily adoptable strategy to characterize the organic elements in SEIs.

Published
2021

46. Research on the Influence of the Allogeneic Bone Graft in Postoperative Recovery After MOWHTO: A Retrospective Study

Author

Zhong R, Yu G, Wang Y, Fang C, Lu S, Liu Z, Gao J, Yan C, and Zhao Q

Subjects
mowhto, osteotomy gap, bone union, allogenic bone graft, Therapeutics. Pharmacology, RM1-950
Abstract

Rui Zhong,&ast; Gang Yu,&ast; Yingming Wang,&ast; Chao Fang, Shuai Lu, Zhilin Liu, Jingyu Gao, Chengyuan Yan, Qichun Zhao Department of Sports Medicine, The Affiliated Provincial Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230001, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Qichun Zhao, Department of Sports Medicine, The Affiliated Provincial Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 17 Lujiang Road, Luyang District, Hefei, 230001, People’s Republic of China, Tel/Fax +86 13965050622, Email qichzhao@163.comPurpose: To compare the effects of an allogeneic bone graft and a non-filled bone graft on the rate of osteotomy gap union in medial opening wedge high tibial osteotomy (MOWHTO) with an opening width less than 10 mm.Methods: A total of 65 patients undergoing MOWHTO between January 2018 and December 2020 were enrolled in this retrospective study. The patients were divided into two groups: the allograft group (MOWHTO with allogeneic bone grafting, 30 patients) and the non-filling group (MOWHTO without bone void fillers, 35 patients). The clinical outcomes, including the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis index (WOMAC), Lysholm score, and post-operative complications, were compared. The radiographic evaluation included changes in hip–knee–ankle angle (HKA), medial proximal tibial angle (MPTA), femorotibial angle (FTA), and weight-bearing line ratio (WBLR) at pre-operation, at two-day post-operation, and the last follow-up. Radiographs were obtained at three, six and twelve months post-surgery, and at the time of the last follow-up to assess the fill area of the osteotomy gap. The union rate of the osteotomy gap was calculated and compared, and risk factors that may affect the rate of osteotomy gap union were also discussed.Results: The rate of osteotomy gap union at 3 and 6 months after the operation in the allograft group was significantly higher compared with the non-filling group (all P< 0.05), while no significant difference was found after the 1-year post-operative and at the last follow-up. Also, the WOMAC and Lysholm scores of the allograft group were significantly higher than those of the non-filling group (all P< 0.05), and there was no significant difference between the two groups at the last follow-up.Conclusion: Filling the gaps with the allograft bones may accelerate the union of osteotomy gap, improve clinical outcomes, and have important implications for patient rehabilitation in the early post-operative course. Bone grafting did not affect the final rate of osteotomy gap union and the clinical score of patients.Keywords: MOWHTO, osteotomy gap, bone union, allogenic bone graft

Published
2023

47. Unveiling the Stable Nature of the Solid Electrolyte Interphase between Lithium Metal and LiPON via Cryogenic Electron Microscopy

Author

Cheng, D, Wynn, TA, Wang, X, Wang, S, Zhang, M, Shimizu, R, Bai, S, Nguyen, H, Fang, C, Kim, MC, Li, W, Lu, B, Kim, SJ, and Meng, YS

Abstract

Li metal anode coupled with solid-state electrolyte is regarded as an important step for next-generation high-energy batteries to boost the performance of electric vehicles. However, commercialization of Li metal anode in all-solid-state batteries have faced challenges, one of which is the interfacial instability originated during battery operation. To overcome the difficulties in characterizing such interfaces due to their sensitivity to beam and ambient air, we applied cryogenic electron microscopy to unravel the stable nature of Li metal/LiPON interface that has exhibited remarkable electrochemical cyclability. An 80-nm-thick interphase with concentration gradients of N and P was observed, with decomposition products embedded in an amorphous matrix and exhibiting a multilayer-mosaic structure. The findings and methodology in this work give rise to a mechanistic understanding of the stability of Li metal/LiPON interface and can then be extended to study other solid-solid interfaces.

Published
2020

49. Damping Mechanisms of the Solar Filament Longitudinal Oscillations in Weak Magnetic Field

Author

Zhang, L. Y., Fang, C., and Chen, P. F.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract

Longitudinal oscillations of solar filament have been investigated via numerical simulations continuously, but mainly in one dimension (1D), where the magnetic field line is treated as a rigid flux tube. Whereas those one-dimensional simulations can roughly reproduce the observed oscillation periods, implying that gravity is the main restoring force for filament longitudinal oscillations, the decay time in one-dimensional simulations is generally longer than in observations. In this paper, we perform a two-dimensional (2D) non-adiabatic magnetohydrodynamic simulation of filament longitudinal oscillations, and compare it with the 2D adiabatic case and 1D adiabatic and non-adiabatic cases. It is found that, whereas both non-adiabatic processes (radiation and heat conduction) can significantly reduce the decay time, wave leakage is another important mechanism to dissipate the kinetic energy of the oscillating filament when the magnetic field is weak so that gravity is comparable to Lorentz force. In this case, our simulations indicate that the pendulum model might lead to an error of ~100% in determining the curvature radius of the dipped magnetic field using the longitudinal oscillation period when the gravity to Lorentz force ratio is close to unity., Comment: 17 pages, 12 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ

Published
2019
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50. New classes of chiral topological nodes with non-contractible surface Fermi arcs in CoSi

Author

Rao, Z. -C., Li, H., Zhang, T. -T., Tian, S. -J., Li, C. -H., Fu, B. -B., Tang, C. -Y., Wang, L., Li, Z. -L., Fan, W. -H., Li, J. -J., Huang, Y. -B., Liu, Z. -H., Long, Y. -W., Fang, C., Weng, H. -M., Shi, Y. -G., Lei, H. -C., Sun, Y. -J., Qian, T., and Ding, H.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Materials Science, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
Abstract

In condensed matter systems, chiral topological nodes are robust band crossing points in momentum space that carry nonzero Chern numbers. The chirality is manifested by the presence of surface Fermi arcs connecting the projections of nodes with opposite Chern numbers. In addition to the well-known Weyl nodes, theorists have proposed several other types of chiral topological nodes in condensed matter systems, but the direct experimental evidence of their existence is still lacking. Here, using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, we reveal two types of new chiral nodes, namely the spin-1 nodes and charge-2 Dirac nodes, at the band crossing points near the Fermi level in CoSi, the projections of which on the (001) surface are connected by topologically protected surface Fermi arcs. As these chiral nodes in CoSi are enforced at the Brillouin zone (BZ) center and corner by the crystalline symmetries, the surface Fermi arcs connecting their projections form a non-contractible path traversing the entire (001) surface BZ, in sharp contrast to pairs of Weyl nodes with small separation. Our work marks the first experimental observation of chiral topological nodes beyond the Weyl nodes both in the bulk and on the surface in condensed matter systems., Comment: This is the original version submitted to Nature on August 17, 2018. A revised version will appear in Nature

Published
2019
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