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To research the impact of oxygen consistency on the thermal dynamic characteristics and the change of gas products of weakly caking coal oxidation, differential scanning calorimetry and temperature programmed experiments were used to study, and the correlation between the intensity of heat release at distinct consistencies of oxygen and concentration of gas products was computed applying grey correlation method. The outcomes indicated that the coal low-temperature oxidation process can be categorized into three phases: speedy endothermic, slow endothermic, and exothermic. The apparent activation energy in the slow heat absorption phase exceeded the speedy endothermic stage, and the apparent activation energy in the heat release phase increased by 20.83 kJ/mol. The concentration of gas products generated at the spontaneous combustion process of coal growth when temperature went up. However, CH4 concentration increased with the temperature rising after 120 °C. C2H6 gas does not appear until 100 °C. C2H4 gas appeared after 90 °C. At various O2 consistencies, the correlation between exothermic intensity and CO2 remained the largest, the correlation between exothermic intensity and CO and CH4 was larger at lower oxygen consistencies. As concentration of oxygen increased, the correlation between exothermic intensity and C2H4 and C2H6 increased first and then decreased.

Lysine-specific demethylase 4 A (KDM4A, also named JMJD2A, KIA0677, or JHDM3A) is a demethylase that can remove methyl groups from histones H3K9me2/3, H3K36me2/3, and H1.4K26me2/me3. Accumulating evidence suggests that KDM4A is not only involved in body homeostasis (such as cell proliferation, migration and differentiation, and tissue development) but also associated with multiple human diseases, especially cancers. Recently, an increasing number of studies have shown that pharmacological inhibition of KDM4A significantly attenuates tumor progression in vitro and in vivo in a range of solid tumors and acute myeloid leukemia. Although there are several reviews on the roles of the KDM4 subfamily in cancer development and therapy, all of them only briefly introduce the roles of KDM4A in cancer without systematically summarizing the specific mechanisms of KDM4A in various physiological and pathological processes, especially in tumorigenesis, which greatly limits advances in the understanding of the roles of KDM4A in a variety of cancers, discovering targeted selective KDM4A inhibitors, and exploring the adaptive profiles of KDM4A antagonists. Herein, we present the structure and functions of KDM4A, simply outline the functions of KDM4A in homeostasis and non-cancer diseases, summarize the role of KDM4A and its distinct target genes in the development of a variety of cancers, systematically classify KDM4A inhibitors, summarize the difficulties encountered in the research of KDM4A and the discovery of related drugs, and provide the corresponding solutions, which would contribute to understanding the recent research trends on KDM4A and advancing the progression of KDM4A as a drug target in cancer therapy.

Licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) is a plant of the genus Glycyrrhiza in the family Fabaceae/Leguminosae and is a renowned natural herb with a long history of medicinal use dating back to ancient times. Glycyrrhizin (GLY), the main active component of licorice, serves as a widely utilized therapeutic agent in clinical practice. GLY exhibits diverse medicinal properties, including anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiviral, antitumor, immunomodulatory, intestinal environment maintenance, and liver protection effects. However, current research primarily emphasizes GLY’s antiviral activity, while providing limited insight into its antibacterial properties. GLY demonstrates a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity via inhibiting the growth of bacteria by targeting bacterial enzymes, impacting cell membrane formation, and altering membrane permeability. Moreover, GLY can also bolster host immunity by activating pertinent immune pathways, thereby enhancing pathogen clearance. This paper reviews GLY’s inhibitory mechanisms against various pathogenic bacteria-induced pathological changes, its role as a high-mobility group box 1 inhibitor in immune regulation, and its efficacy in combating diseases caused by pathogenic bacteria. Furthermore, combining GLY with other antibiotics reduces the minimum inhibitory concentration, potentially aiding in the clinical development of combination therapies against drug-resistant bacteria. Sources of information were searched using PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct, and GreenMedical for the keywords “licorice”, “Glycyrrhizin”, “antibacterial”, “anti-inflammatory”, “HMGB1”, and combinations thereof, mainly from articles published from 1979 to 2024, with no language restrictions. Screening was carried out by one author and supplemented by others. Papers with experimental flaws in their experimental design and papers that did not meet expectations (antifungal papers, etc.) were excluded.

Nowadays, public opinions during public emergencies involve not only textual contents but also contain images. However, the existing works mainly focus on textual contents and they do not provide a satisfactory accuracy of sentiment analysis, lacking the combination of multimodal contents. In this paper, we propose to combine texts and images generated in the social media to perform sentiment analysis.

Al3Ti/Al-Mg-Mn composites were successfully prepared by in-situ reaction method under ultrasonic and mechanical vibration fields. The effects of reaction temperature and coupling time on microstructure evolution and mechanical properties at room temperature were studied. The results show that the coupling ultrasonic and mechanical vibration fields can promote the in-situ reaction, dispersal and refinement of Al3Ti particles. Compared with Al-Mg-Mn matrix, the room temperature tensile strength, yield strength and elongation of Al3Ti/Al-Mg-Mn composite treated under coupling fields at 760 ℃ for 10 min are 222, 119 MPa and 8.1%, respectively. The tensile strength and yield strength values increase by 17.5% and 25.2%, and the elongation value decreases from 8.7% to 8.1%. The improvement of mechanical properties is mainly attributed to grain refinement strengthening, load transfer strengthening and thermal mismatch strengthening caused by Al3Ti reinforced phase, among which the thermal mismatch strengthening plays a great role in the improvement of the strength of composites.

Leukocyte cell-derived chemotaxin-2 (LECT2, also named ChM-II), initially identified as a chemokine mediating neutrophil migration, is a multifunctional secreted factor involved in diverse physiological and pathological processes. The high sequence similarity of LECT2 among different vertebrates makes it possible to explore its functions by using comparative biology. LECT2 is associated with many immune processes and immune-related diseases via its binding to cell surface receptors such as CD209a, Tie1, and Met in various cell types. In addition, the misfolding LECT2 leads to the amyloidosis of several crucial tissues (kidney, liver, and lung, etc.) by inducing the formation of insoluble fibrils. However, the mechanisms of LECT2-mediated diverse immune pathogenic conditions in various tissues remain to be fully elucidated due to the functional and signaling heterogeneity. Here, we provide a comprehensive summary of the structure, the “double-edged sword” function, and the extensive signaling pathways of LECT2 in immune diseases, as well as the potential applications of LECT2 in therapeutic interventions in preclinical or clinical trials. This review provides an integrated perspective on the current understanding of how LECT2 is associated with immune diseases, with the aim of facilitating the development of drugs or probes against LECT2 for the theranostics of immune-related diseases.

ObjectiveTo analyze the genetic quality of an outbred stock of Wistar rats in different periods by T/CALAS 21—2017 method, and to evaluate the applicability of the association standard.MethodsWistar rats selected from the same outbred stock in 2015 and 2019 were named as group A and group B, respectively. Twenty-five pairs of microsatellite primers were used to get genetic parameters for quality analysis of the outbred stock Wistar rats according to the association standard T/CALAS 21—2017. Polymorphism information content (PIC) was used to analyze the polymorphism of the loci.ResultsOne hundred alleles in group A and 69 alleles in group B were obtained. The average heterozygosity of the two groups was 0.574 and 0.447, while the average PIC was 0.541 and 0.393, respectively.ConclusionThe association standard T/CALAS 21—2017 has good applicability in the genetic quality analysis of outbred stock rats, and the genetic diversity of group A is better than that of group B.

Breast cancer (BC) is a kind of malignant cancer in women, and it has become the most diagnosed cancer worldwide since 2020. Histone methylation is a common biological epigenetic modification mediating varieties of physiological and pathological processes. Lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1), a first identified histone demethylase, mediates the removal of methyl groups from histones H3K4me1/2 and H3K9me1/2 and plays a crucial role in varieties of cancer progression. It is also specifically amplified in breast cancer and contributes to BC tumorigenesis and drug resistance via both demethylase and non-demethylase manners. This review will provide insight into the overview structure of LSD1, summarize its action mechanisms in BC, describe the therapeutic potential of LSD1 inhibitors in BC, and prospect the current opportunities and challenges of targeting LSD1 for BC therapy.

Breast cancer (BC) is a common malignancy that mainly occurred in women and it has become the most diagnosed cancer annually since 2020. Berberine (BBR), an alkaloid extracted from the Berberidacea family, has been found with broad pharmacological bioactivities including anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, anti-hypertensive, anti-obesity, antidepressant, and anticancer effects. Mounting evidence shows that BBR is a safe and effective agent with good anticancer activity against BC. However, its detailed underlying mechanism in BC treatment remains unclear. Here, we will provide the evidence for BBR in BC therapy and summarize its potential mechanisms. This review briefly introduces the source, metabolism, and biological function of BBR and emphasizes the therapeutic effects of BBR against BC via directly interacting with effector proteins, transcriptional regulatory elements, miRNA, and several BBR-mediated signaling pathways. Moreover, the novel BBR-based therapeutic strategies against BC improve biocompatibility and water solubility, and the efficacies of BBR are also briefly discussed. Finally, the status of BBR in BC treatment and future research directions is also prospected.

We propose an optimized Clockwork Recurrent Neural Network (CW-RNN) based approach to address temporal dynamics and nonlinearity in network security situations, improving prediction accuracy and real-time performance. By leveraging the clock-cycle RNN, we enable the model to capture both short-term and long-term temporal features of network security situations. Additionally, we utilize the Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO) algorithm to optimize the hyperparameters of the network, thus constructing an enhanced network security situation prediction model. The introduction of a clock-cycle for hidden units allows the model to learn short-term information from high-frequency update modules while retaining long-term memory from low-frequency update modules, thereby enhancing the model’s ability to capture data patterns. Experimental results demonstrate that the optimized clock-cycle RNN outperforms other network models in extracting the temporal and nonlinear features of network security situations, leading to improved prediction accuracy. Furthermore, our approach has low time complexity and excellent real-time performance, ideal for monitoring large-scale network traffic in sensor networks.

【Background】Cadmium (Cd) is one of contaminants found in agricultural soils caused by anthropogenic activities including wastewater irrigation and application of phosphate fertilizers rich in Cd impurities, sludges and composts. In China, Cd contamination comes to the top in soils contaminated by all heavy metals and their metalloids. Since Cd is toxic to all organisms and highly mobile in soil for plants to take up, excessive Cd accumulation in crop tissues could impede its growth and even lead to mortality. Numerous studies showed that adding exogenous substances to soil could alleviate toxic effects of Cd on crops, but if and how their efficacy varies with crop variety remains poorly understood. 【Objective】Taking winter wheat as an example, this paper aimed to investigate the effects of exogenous Si, Ca, Mg and humic acid on uptake of Cd by different cultivars and its subsequent translocation at seedling stage. 【Method】Wheat varieties Bainong 419 (419) with high Cd accumulation in grain and Bainong 418 (418) with low Cd accumulation in grain were taken as the model plants. They were grown in hydroponic culture with the Cd content in it spiked to 10 mg/L or 30 mg/L respectively. We added Si, Ca, Mg and humic acid at different rates to the medium and harvested the crops 30 days later. We then measured Cd accumulation and transportation in roots and shoots, as well as root morphology traits. 【Result】Crop absorption of Cd varied with the wheat varieties, and the total length, surface area, volume and tip number of the roots in both varieties decreased with the increase in Cd concentration. Compared to variety 418, variety 419 took more Ca for its root developments. At low Cd concentration and compared to CK, adding Si at low dose improved root growth of the variety 419 and reduced Cd accumulation in its roots and shoots, while adding other elements inhibited root growth; applying humic acid at high dose enhanced Cd accumulation in the roots. It was found that compared to CK, adding any exogenous element reduced Ca content in the roots of the variety 419 when Cd concentration was low. For the variety 418 grown in medium with low Cd concentration, adding Si and Ca was more effective to promote root growth than adding Si alone, while adding Mg and humic acid did not show noticeable effects. Adding Si reduced Cd accumulation in roots and shoots at significant level, while adding Ca and Mg only impeded Cd accumulation in the root. Humic acid did not appear to have a noticeable impact on plant Cd. For the crops growing in medium with high Cd concentration, adding Si boosted root growth of both varieties regardless of its application rate, while in contrast, adding other elements were unable to alleviate Cd toxicity to plants at significant level. Compared with other treatments, adding Si at high does significantly increased the translocation factor (TF) for both varieties growing in medium with low Cd concentration, and it was also effective at boosting the TF for the variety 419 growing in medium with high Cd concentration. 【Conclusion】The most effective conditioner to alleviate Cd toxicity to winter wheat was Si, although its efficacy varies with wheat cultivar, Si application rate and Cd concentration in the medium where the crop grows.

In this paper, glucose quantitative detection by biological sensor and electrochemical capacitance data treatment was studied. The taste cells were fixed on carbon screen-printed electrode. Electrochemical capacitance responses of cell-based sensor to sucrose in different concentrations and related mixtures were measured. Glucose quantitative analysis results demonstrated that the proposed method had quantitative determination abilities toward glucose and related mixtures. The signal-to-noise ratio index presented qualitative discrimination abilities to different glucose mixtures. Negative control results indicated that the receptor-free cells showed no perception ability for glucose. The proposed method is promising in sugar rapid detection.

Considerable evidence has verified that microRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles in various cellular processes including differentiation. However, the regulatory roles of miRNAs involved in the differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) into lung epithelial cells are still unknown. In this study, we first evaluated the current protocols to differentiate iPSC into alveolar epithelial type II (AEC II) cells, but the efficiency is low. We next identified that miR-22 can efficiently enhance the differentiation of iPSC into AEC II cells under the stimulation of proper growth factors and growing on appropriate matrix. Moreover, the AEC II cells generated from iPSC with miR-22 overexpression can proliferate and secrete lung surfactant. Here, we discovered a previously unknown interaction between miR-22 and iPSC differentiation but also provide a potential target for the effective derivation of AEC II from iPSCs for cell-based therapy.

Zanthoxylum bungeanum seed oil (ZSO) was the by-product of the zanthoxylum industry, and was a kind of cheap and abundant source in china, which can be great potential of use as a feedstock for biodiesel production in terms of reducing the producing cost. Kinetics of Transesterification of Biodiesel from Zanthoxylum bungeanum seed Oil Ethyl Ester using Sodium ethoxide as an alkaline catalyst was studied in this paper. The results showed that the progression of transesterification was grade 1.5, the reaction activation energy was 17.876kJ•mol-1 and the pre-exponential factor was 0.8521L/(mol•min). The contrast between experimental value and predicted value displayed the dynamics model had a good veracity, and can be applied for predicting reaction rate of progress.

This paper focuses on the single state feedback stabilization problem of unified chaotic system and circuit implementation. Some stabilization conditions will be derived via the single state feedback control scheme. The robust performance of controlled unified chaotic systems with uncertain parameter will be investigated based on maximum and minimum analysis of uncertain parameter, the robust controller which only requires information of a state of the system is proposed and the controller is linear. Both the unified chaotic system and the designed controller are synthesized and implemented by an analog electronic circuit which is simpler because only three variable resistors are required to be adjusted. The numerical simulation and control in MATLAB/Simulink is then provided to show the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed method which is robust against some uncertainties. The results presented in this paper improve and generalize the corresponding results of recent works.