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ObjectiveTo understand the utilization of preconception healthcare services and the influencing factors among the women expecting additional childbirth in Jiading District, Shanghai, and to provide references for promoting the utilization of preconception healthcare services under the new population policy.MethodsA questionnaire survey on the utilization of preconception healthcare services and related influencing factors was carried out among 682 women expecting additional childbirth across six subdistricts in Jiading District, Shanghai. The results were statistically analyzed.ResultsThe average age of the women was (31.7±4.5) years, 30.2% of whom were ≥35 years old. The proportion of women having their third or subsequent children was low, at 16.4%. A significant majority, 92.4%, were found to have various risk factors during initial pregnancy screening. The utilization rate of preconception healthcare services among women seeking additional childbirth was relatively low at 26.7%. Awareness of the free preconception check-up program in Jiading District was also low at 28.6%, and the utilization rate for these services was even lower at 7.69%. Unplanned pregnancies were the primary reason for not utilizing preconception healthcare services, accounting for 63.6%. The results of multifactorial binary logistic regression analysis showed that the utilization rate of preconception healthcare services before the current pregnancy was higher for women aged between 35 and 39 compared to women aged ≤29 years old (OR=1.789, 95%CI: 1.033‒3.099). Women with planned pregnancies had a higher utilization of preconception healthcare services prior to this pregnancy (OR=4.164, 95%CI: 2.627‒6.602). Women who had received preconception care prior to their first birth had a higher utilization rate of preconception care prior to the current pregnancy (OR=7.534, 95%CI: 4.954‒11.456). Women without a family history of chronic diseases had a higher utilization rate of preconception healthcare services (OR=1.903, 95%CI: 1.083‒3.345).ConclusionUnder the context of three-child policy, the proportion of women seeking three or more children in Jiading District is low. Most of these women have risk factors identified during initial pregnancy screenings. The utilization rate of preconception healthcare services and the awareness of the free preconception screening program in Jiading District are both low. Unplanned pregnancies remain the primary reason for failing to receive timely preconception healthcare services. Age, whether the pregnancy was planned, whether the women had received preconception healthcare services before their first baby and family history of chronic diseases are the main factors affecting the utilization of preconception healthcare services. Relevant departments should enhance the promotion of preconception healthcare service programs, especially for women of childbearing age who have not yet given birth, so as to improve the utilization rate of preconception health care services.

[Objective] This study aims to investigate the carbon storage, carbon sink function, and response mechanism to climate in Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica plantations with different initial planting densities on the southern edge of Horqin Sandy Land. The goal is to facilitate the assessment of the carbon sequestration function and adaptive management of forest ecosystems. [Methods] Estimating carbon storage and carbon sequestration rate of Pinus sylvestris plantations using stand height and cross-sectional area, and analyzing their responses to temperature, precipitation, and evaporation in conjunction with meteorological factors. The GM (1,1) grey prediction model was used to predict forest carbon storage in 2030. [Results] The carbon storage and sequestration rate of Pinus sylvestris plantations with different initial planting densities exhibited similar annual fluctuations, with an overall increase in carbon storage each year. The curve of the sequestration rate showed a “U” shape. Both thinly and excessive initial planting densities can reduce the carbon carbon sequestration capacity of Pinus sylvestris plantations. Before reaching 32 years old, the highest carbon sequestration intensity was observed in stands with initial planting densities of 1 500~2 000 tree/hm2, and for stands aged 35~46 years, the optimal density was 1 000~1 200 tree/hm2. The carbon storage increased logarithmically with increasing stand density.The response pattern of the planted Pinus sylvestris forests’carbon sequestration rate differed among stands with different initial planting densities regarding temperature but not precipitation. For high and extremely high-density Pinus sylvestris plantations, the average temperature in August of the previous year and in March, May, June and July of the current year were the main climatic factors limiting carbon sink. For low and medium-density plantations, the average temperature in August of the previous year and in March and October of the current year were the main climatic factors that constrain carbon sink. The correlation analysis between evapotranspiration and carbon sequestration rate in different planting density stands showed that carbon sink of low-density Pinus sylvestris plantations was more sensitive to evapotranspiration. Based on the GM (1,1) grey model, it was found that excessively high or low initial planting density would reduce the carbon sequestration potential of future Pinus sylvestris plantations. The optimal planting density for carbon sequestration rate was 1 772 tree/hm2. [Conclusion] The initial planting density of Pinus sylvestris has a significant impact on carbon storage and carbon sequestration, as well as their response to climate change in sandy areas. Adjusting the initial planting density may be one of the key adaptive management measures for Pinus sylvestris plantations under climate change.

The Si/Mullite+BSAS/Yb2Si2O7 tri-layer environmental barrier coating was prepared on the surface of the SiC substrate by atmospheric plasma spraying using solid-state sintering Yb2Si2O7 feedstock. Scanning electron microscope （SEM），energy dispersive spectrometer （EDS），X-ray diffraction analyzer （XRD） and nanoindentation testing machine etc were employed to study the microstructure，phase composition，and mechanical properties of the coating. The results indicate that the powder is composed of 83% Yb2Si2O7 phase and 17% Yb2Si2O7 phase，the porosity of the Yb2Si2O7 layer obtained by plasma spraying is （6.61±0.65）%，the bonding strength of the coating is （22.82±3.55）MPa and the fracture toughness of the coating is （1.98±0.12）MPa·m1/2. Furthermore，the water-oxygen corrosion test results of the coating at 1350 ℃ show that the monoclinic phase contents of the Yb2Si2O7 phase decrease first and then increase. The thermally grown oxide SiO2 formed by high-temperature oxidation of the silicon bonding layer is compatible with Mullite+BSAS，and interdiffusion between Mullite+BSAS and Yb2Si2O7 layers isn’t detected. Deterioration of the silicon layer is a major limiting factor in the lifetime of the coating.

Sensorineural hearing loss is one of the most prevalent sensory deficits. Spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) exhibit very limited regeneration capacity and their degeneration leads to profound hearing loss. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived small extracellular vesicles (MSC-sEV) have been demonstrated to repair tissue damage in various degenerative diseases. However, the effects of MSC-sEV on SGN degeneration remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the efficacy of MSC-sEV for protection against ouabain-induced SGN degeneration. MSC-sEV were derived from rat bone marrow and their components related to neuron growth were determined by proteomic analysis. In primary culture SGNs, MSC-sEV significantly promoted neurite growth and growth cone development. The RNA-Seq analysis of SGNs showed that enriched pathways include neuron development and axon regeneration, consistent with proteomics. In ouabain induced SGN degeneration rat model, MSC-sEV administration via intratympanic injection significantly enhanced SGN survival and mitigated hearing loss. Furthermore, after ouabain treatment, SGNs displayed evident signs of apoptosis, including nuclei condensation and fragmentation, with numerous cells exhibiting TUNEL-positive. However, administration of MSC-sEV effectively decreased the number of TUNEL-positive cells and reduced caspase-3 activation. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate the potential of MSC-sEV in preventing SGN degeneration and promoting neural growth, suggesting intratympanic injection of MSC-sEV is a specific and efficient strategy for neural hearing loss.

Abstract Aims To understand the perceptions and experiences of family caregivers of adult patients with dysphagia. Background Dysphagia is a common symptom and burdens caregivers greatly. There is a growing body of studies concentrating on caregivers and caregiving experiences. However, no qualitative meta‐synthesis has been conducted to explore the perceptions and experiences of family caregivers. Design A qualitative meta‐ethnography. Methods A search was conducted for relevant articles in six electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, Ovid, Cochrane Library, ProQuest) and two Chinese databases (CNKI, Wanfang Data) from inception to February 2023. The Joanna Briggs Institute Qualitative Assessment and Review Instrument (JBI‐QARI) was used to evaluate study quality. The meta‐ethnographic method was used to synthesize data from qualitative studies. The study was reported according to EQUATOR guidelines. Results Eleven studies were included and three themes emerged: (1) emotion and perception, (2) change and challenge (3) adaption and coping. Conclusion This review highlighted the challenges and positive coping experienced by caregivers. Findings directly inform the development and implementation of supportive interventions to reduce caregivers' stress and promote adaptive coping. Relevance to clinical practice Pay attention to the needs of family caregivers of dysphagia. Family caregivers' perceived severity of dysphagia requires assessment. Caregivers need knowledge, support, and guidance to reduce their burden and fulfill their role.

Plant phenotype assessment approaches have facilitated crop improvement in recent years by providing opportunities for the dissection of complex nature quantitative traits. Fiber quality and yield are significant economic traits with a complex nature mainly due to interactions between its genetic architecture and the surrounding environment. These economic traits showed stagnant performance in recent decades due to eroded genetic diversity via the selection process. It necessitates exploiting conserved germplasm resources to rebuild genetic diversity within cotton cultivars. Compared to the conventional univariate selection methods using a single trait at a time, the multivariate analysis extends its selection to multiple variables for the selection of genotypes. In evaluating a core collection of cotton over two years using various phenotyping methods, multivariate analysis, particularly principal component analysis (PCA), was employed to assess genetic diversity. The PCA analysis demonstrated substantial variability of 39.83% and 45.37% across two years, highlighting a significant impact on yield and fiber quality attributes. The cumulative eigenvalues of principal components exceeding 80% supported the classification of accessions into six distinct groups based on their trait variability. Both PCA and cluster analysis successfully categorized accessions into six groups, indicating high diversity and suggesting their potential utility in breeding programs. The diverse genotypes identified in this study would be potential resources for variety development and accelerated breeding programs, particularly focusing on stress resilience under climate change scenarios. By utilizing these diverse genotypes, there is an opportunity to enhance breeding strategies and accelerate the development of improved cotton varieties with enhanced yield and fiber quality attributes. The significance of our study lies in its demonstration of the importance of genetic diversity in improving yield and fiber quality attributes, thus underscoring its relevance to cotton breeding programs.

We introduced a random symmetric Gauss-Seidel (RSGS) method, which was designed to handle large scale linear least squares problems involving tall coefficient matrices. This RSGS method projected the approximate residual onto the subspace spanned by two symmetric columns at each iteration. These columns were sampled from the coefficient matrix based on an effective probability criterion. Our theoretical analysis indicated that RSGS converged when the coefficient matrix had full column rank. Furthermore, numerical experiments demonstrated that RSGS outperformed the baseline algorithms in terms of iteration steps and CPU time.

Abstract DNA topoisomerase II alpha (TOP2A) expression, gene alterations, and enzyme activity have been studied in various malignant tumors. Abnormal elevation of TOP2A expression is considered to be related to the development of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, its association with tumor metastasis and its mode of action remains unclear. Bioinformatics, real-time quantitative PCR, immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting were used to detect TOP2A expression in NSCLC tissues and cells. Cell migration and invasion assays as well as cytoskeletal staining were performed to analyze the effects of TOP2A on the motility, migration and invasion ability of NSCLC cells. Cell cycle and apoptosis assays were used to verify the effects of TOP2A on apoptosis as well as cycle distribution in NSCLC. TOP2A expression was considerably upregulated in NSCLC and significantly correlated with tumor metastasis and the occurrence of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) in NSCLC. Additionally, by interacting with the classical ligand Wnt3a, TOP2A may trigger the canonical Wnt signaling pathway in NSCLC. These observations suggest that TOP2A promotes EMT in NSCLC by activating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and positively regulates malignant events in NSCLC, in addition to its significant association with tumor metastasis. TOP2A promotes the metastasis of NSCLC by stimulating the canonical Wnt signaling pathway and inducing EMT. This study further elucidates the mechanism of action of TOP2A, suggesting that it might be a potential therapeutic target for anti-metastatic therapy.

Abstract Clusters or communities can provide a coarse-grained description of complex systems at multiple scales, but their detection remains challenging in practice. Community detection methods often define communities as dense subgraphs, or subgraphs with few connections in-between, via concepts such as the cut, conductance, or modularity. Here we consider another perspective built on the notion of local dominance, where low-degree nodes are assigned to the basin of influence of high-degree nodes, and design an efficient algorithm based on local information. Local dominance gives rises to community centers, and uncovers local hierarchies in the network. Community centers have a larger degree than their neighbors and are sufficiently distant from other centers. The strength of our framework is demonstrated on synthesized and empirical networks with ground-truth community labels. The notion of local dominance and the associated asymmetric relations between nodes are not restricted to community detection, and can be utilised in clustering problems, as we illustrate on networks derived from vector data.

Abstract Background PD-L1 overexpression is commonly observed in various malignancies and is strongly correlated with poor prognoses for cancer patients. Moreover, PD-L1 has been shown to play a significant role in promoting angiogenesis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) processes across different cancer types. Methods The relationship between PD-L1 and vasculogenic mimicry as well as epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) was explored by bioinformatics approach and immunohistochemistry. The functions of PD-L1 in regulating the expression of ZEB1 and the EMT process were assessed by Western blotting and q-PCR assays. The impact of PD-L1 on the migratory and proliferative capabilities of A549 and H1299 cells was evaluated through wound healing, cell invasion, and CCK8 assays following siRNA-mediated PD-L1 knockdown. Tube formation assay was utilized to evaluate the presence of VM structures. Results In this study, increased PD-L1 expression was observed in A549 and H1299 cells compared to normal lung epithelial cells. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed a higher prevalence of VM structures in the PD-L1-positive group compared to the PD-L1-negative group. Additionally, high PD-L1 expression was also found to be significantly associated with advanced TNM stage and increased metastasis. Following PD-L1 knockdown, NSCLC cells exhibited a notable reduction in their ability to form tube-like structures. Moreover, the levels of key EMT and VM-related markers, including N-cadherin, MMP9, VE-cadherin, and VEGFA, were significantly decreased, while E-cadherin expression was upregulated. In addition, the migration and proliferation capacities of both cell lines were significantly inhibited after PD-L1 or ZEB1 knockdown. Conclusions Knockdown PD-L1 can inhibit ZEB1-mediated EMT, thereby hindering the formation of VM in NSCLC.

Abstract Blackwater constitutes a primary component of environmental pollution posing serious risk to human health; however, reusing the nutrients found in blackwater diminishes the associated pollution and promotes resource recycling. Conventional green-wall systems are not suitable for in situ treatment of high-concentration wastewater. Thereby, a novel multi-unit green-wall system with six independent treatment units was designed to achieve a cost-effective and eco-friendly in situ treatment of blackwater with high organic load. Zeolite carriers were selected for the matrix with carrier depth of 14.5 cm, ivy and chlorophytum were selected as the greening plants. Various pollutants were rapidly reduced at the initial stage and the concentration of the pollutants decreased as the number of treatment units increased. Overall, the green-wall system was more effective in removing COD and NH4 +–N with the removal rates of 98.5% and 98%, which may be due to the good buffering capacity of the media and the roles of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes in COD degradation and ammoniated nitrification reactions. In addition, the maximum TP and TN removal rates were observed with a value of 85% and 42%, respectively. Consequently, the novel multi-unit green-wall system is an effective method for in situ blackwater reuse. Graphical Abstract

Background: Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is a highly aggressive cancer associated with higher death rates. However, traditional anti-angiogenic therapies have limited effectiveness due to drug resistance. Vascular mimicry (VM) provides a different way for tumors to develop blood vessels without relying on endothelial cells or angiogenesis. However, the intricate mechanisms and interplay between it and the immune microenvironment in ccRCC remain unclear. Methods: A PubMed and GeneCards literature review was conducted to identify VM-related genes (VMRGs). VMRGs expression profiles were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), developing a novel VM risk score model and nomogram for ccRCC. The EBI ArrayExpress database (the validation set) was obtained to validate the prognostic model. The relationship between VMRGs risk score clinical characteristics and immune infiltration was investigated. Finally, the expression of six model VMRGs was validated using single-cell analysis, GEPIA, Human Protein Atlas (HPA), and quantitative Real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Results: Cox regression analysis and nomogram identified L1CAM, TEK, CLDN4, EFNA1, SERPINF1, and MALAT1 as independent prognostic risk factors, which could be used to stratify the ccRCC population into two risk groups with distinct immune profiles and responsiveness to immunotherapy. The results of single-cell analysis, GEPIA, HPA, and qRT-PCR validated the model genes’ expression. Conclusions: Our novel findings constructed a convenient and reliable 6 gene signatures as potential immunologic and prognostic biomarkers of VM in ccRCC.

Modifying surface characteristics and geometric structure to regulate heat transfer and flow fields is a classical issue. The study of wake dynamics and heat transfer efficiency in tandem grooved cylinders hold fundamental importance. This research proposes a configuration of tandem cylinders with triangle-grooved surfaces and numerical simulates the vorticity, fluid forces, Strouhal numbers, and convective heat transfer in tandem grooved cylinders. The parameters investigated include orientation angles θ = 0°, 30°, 45°, 60°, 90° and Reynolds numbers Re = 75, 100, 125, 150, 175, 200. This study focuses on how the triangle-grooved angle (θ) and Re affect wake dynamics and thermal performance. Numerical results are validated against available data in the literature for tandem smooth and tandem grooved cylinders. The results indicate that, compared to tandem smooth cylinders, the positive vorticity intensity of tandem grooved cylinders is 35.7 % higher, while the negative vorticity intensity is 23.5 % lower. Further observations show that at θ = 45°, the pressure variation on the upstream cylinder is most significant, approximately twice that at θ = 0° and θ = 90°. Notably, the variation values of the downstream cylinder (β = 0°) at θ = 0° and θ = 45° are triple and double that of the upstream cylinder in TF mode, respectively. Additionally, at θ = 0°, the root mean square lift coefficient of the downstream cylinder reaches the maximum value (Re = 75–100), approximately 1.34. When Re = 125, CL(rms),1 decreases by 15.7 % to 1.13. Particularly, when Re = 100–150, the time-averaged drag coefficient of the downstream cylinder shows a peak value of approximately 1.02. Interestingly, at Re = 200, a tadpole-shaped thermal distribution forms in the wake region of the upstream cylinder. Furthermore, the time-averaged Nusselt number ratio (θ = 0°) exhibits a trend opposite to other cases over a broader range (125 ≤ Re ≤ 200) and peaks at Re = 200, approximately 1.24.

In this paper, we introduce a novel two-degree-of-freedom piezoelectric stack hybrid energy harvester including a piezoelectric stack and a set of piezoelectric layers. By incorporating a mechanical stopper and bending leaf springs to achieve frequency up-conversion, we significantly enhance the voltage response of the system. We compare the output performance of prototypes with different spring stiffness. The experimental results show that, at a frequency of 7.8 Hz and an acceleration of 0.8 g, the piezoelectric layers on the lower beam of bending leaf springs generate a peak voltage of 18.92 V, and its instantaneous output power is 32 mW. Meanwhile, the piezoelectric stack produces a peak voltage of 28.56 V, with an instantaneous output power of 3.83 W. Moreover, an increase in the stiffness of the bending leaf spring leads to a decrease in voltage response and power output. This research can facilitate the development of hybrid piezoelectric self-powered applications.

How the dorsal-ventral axis of the vertebrate jaw, particularly the position of tooth initiation site, is established remains a critical and unresolved question. Tooth development starts with the formation of the dental lamina, a localized thickened strip within the maxillary and mandibular epithelium. To identify transcriptional regulatory networks (TRN) controlling the specification of dental lamina from the naïve mandibular epithelium, we utilized Laser Microdissection coupled low-input RNA-seq (LMD-RNA-seq) to profile gene expression of different domains of the mandibular epithelium along the dorsal-ventral axis. We comprehensively identified transcription factors (TFs) and signaling pathways that are differentially expressed along mandibular epithelial domains (including the dental lamina). Specifically, we found that the TFs Sox2 and Tfap2 (Tfap2a/Tfap2b) formed complimentary expression domains along the dorsal-ventral axis of the mandibular epithelium. Interestingly, both classic and novel dental lamina specific TFs-such as Pitx2, Ascl5 and Zfp536-were found to localize near the Sox2:Tfap2a/Tfap2b interface. To explore the functional significance of these domain specific TFs, we next examined loss-of-function mouse models of these domain specific TFs, including the dental lamina specific TF, Pitx2, and the ventral surface ectoderm specific TFs Tfap2a and Tfap2b. We found that disruption of domain specific TFs leads to an upregulation and expansion of the alternative domain's TRN. The importance of this cross-repression is evident by the ectopic expansion of Pitx2 and Sox2 positive dental lamina structure in Tfap2a/Tfap2b ectodermal double knockouts and the emergence of an ectopic tooth in the ventral surface ectoderm. Finally, we uncovered an unappreciated interface of mesenchymal SHH and WNT signaling pathways, at the site of tooth initiation, that were established by the epithelial domain specific TFs including Pitx2 and Tfap2a/Tfap2b. These results uncover a previously unknown molecular mechanism involving cross-repression of domain specific TFs including Pitx2 and Tfap2a/Tfap2b in patterning the dorsal-ventral axis of the mouse mandible, specifically the regulation of tooth initiation site.

The risk of Legionella transmission in built environments remains a significant concern. Legionella can spread within buildings through aerosol transmission, prompting the exploration of airborne transmission pathways and proposing corresponding prevention and control measures based on building characteristics. To this end, a comprehensive literature review on the transmission risk of Legionella in built environments was performed. Four electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and CNKI) were searched from inception to March 2024 for publications reporting the risk of Legionella transmission in built environments. Relevant articles and gray literature reports were hand-searched, and 96 studies were finally included. Legionella pollution comes from various sources, mainly originates in a variety of built environments in which human beings remain for extended periods. The sources, outbreaks, national standards, regulations, and monitoring techniques for Legionella in buildings are reviewed, in addition to increases in Legionella transmission risk due to poor maintenance of water systems and long-distance transmission events caused by aerosol characteristics. Air and water sampling using various analytical methods helps identify Legionella in the environment, recognize sources in the built environments, and control outbreaks. By comparing the standard regulations of national organizations globally, the authors further highlight gaps and deficiencies in Legionella surveillance in China. Such advancements offer essential insights and references for understanding and addressing Legionella transmission risk in the built environment, with the potential to contribute to safeguarding public health and building environment safety.

Due to the uncertainty of trauma or infection, customized bone substitutes are often required in clinic. Meanwhile, excessive use of antibiotics may lead to drug resistance. Therefore, the design of anti-infection bone tissue engineering scaffold is of very important. In this study, porous titanium alloy bone tissue engineering scaffolds were designed and fabricated by 3D printing. TiO2 nanotubes were further constructed on the scaffolds through electrochemical anodic oxidation, achieving the drug loading and anti-infection functions. The micron-level bionic pores were fabricated by the 3D printing process, and the secondary nanoscale-level nanotubes were achieved through the anodic oxidation process. Thereafter, the micro–nano structured porous bone tissue engineering scaffolds are presented. This structure features that the drug release rate can be regulated by loading the anti-infection drug minocycline and coating them with poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) in the nanotubes. According to the results, the micro–nano composite porous scaffold showed uniform and controllable micro–nano pores, it may load anti-infection drugs and shown anti-infection ability. In addition, the PLGA coating may delay the drug release and maintain a sustained anti-infection function for the scaffold in a week. This study provides new ideas for designing antibacterial bone tissue engineering scaffold.

Thermal radiation is a major dissipative pathway for heat generated by the human body and offers a significant thermoregulation mechanism over a wide range of conditions. We could use this in garment design to enhance personal cooling, which can improve the wearing comfort of garments or even result in energy savings in buildings. At present, however, radiative cooling has received insufficient attention in commercial design and production of textiles for wearable garments. Textiles that efficiently transmit the radiative heat were recently demonstrated, but either do not utilize standard weaving and knitting processes for wearable garments or require substantial process modifications. Here, we demonstrate the design and implementation of large-scale radiative cooling textiles for localized cooling management and enhanced thermal comfort using industry-standard particle-free nonporous micro-structured fibers that are fully compatible with standard textile materials and production methods. The micro-structured fibers, yarns and fabrics are part of a hierarchical photonic structure design that renders the textiles highly infrared transparent (up to > 0.8) while assuring visual opacity (up to 0.99). We design radiative cooling textiles with first-principles electromagnetic methods and fabricate them using commercial textile materials and formation facilities. Our “fabless” approach is confirmed by very good quantitative agreement between design and measurements. The resulting fabrics exhibit wearability properties expected of wearable textiles, and lower skin temperature by ≥ 3 °C compared to conventional textiles, which offers the potential for > 30 % energy savings in buildings and increases wearing comfort by significantly reducing the reliance on latent heat dissipation for thermoregulation.

Remote sensing image data especially hyperspectral imagery (HSI) data have been widely applied in various research fields. However, HSI often suffers from significant noise contamination, such as stripe noise and Gaussian noise. These noises adversely affect the utilization of remote sensing data, prompting the development of numerous noise removal algorithms for HSI. Specifically, addressing stripe noise involves employing different strategies, including the employment of total-variation-based (TV-based) and low-rank-based algorithms. Yet, evaluating the effectiveness and applicability of these algorithms can be challenging due to variations in testing conditions provided by their respective authors during the proposal phase. Consequently, our aim was to offer a comprehensive and impartial evaluation of these stripe noise removal algorithms for HSI. Within the TV-based and low-rank-based algorithm categories, we had chosen 10 distinct algorithms on which third-party testing and evaluation would be conducted. We considered various noise scenarios, resulting in a total of 48 noise configurations. Our evaluation encompassed multiple dimensions, including the quality of noise removal, computational speed, and parameter stability, thereby delivering a comprehensive assessment of the performance of different stripe noise removal algorithms. In addition, we conducted an analysis to identify the underlying causes of varying denoising results across different algorithms. This analysis offered valuable insights and recommendations for the future development of denoising algorithms.

In order to improve the mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of Al-Cr-Fe-Co-Ni system high-entropy alloys (HEAs), the effects of Mo on the microstructure, mechanical properties and corrosion behavior of the Al0.3CrFeCoNiMox (x=0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, molar ratio, the same below) HEAs were studied. The results show that the microstructures of the HEAs evolve from the FCC phase (x=0.2) to the FCC+σ phases (x=0.4-0.8) with the increase of Mo content. The compressive yield strength and hardness of the HEAs are enhanced from 304 MPa and 214HV (x=0.2) to 1192 MPa and 513HV (x=0.8), respectively, while the plastic strain decreases from > 50% to 5.2%, mainly due to the solution strengthening and the increase in σ phase of the alloys.Among the present alloys system, the Al0.3CrFeCoNiMo0.4 and Al0.3CrFeCoNiMo0.6 alloys show relatively high yield strength (571-776 MPa) combined with good plasticity (plastic strain of 10.3%-23.8%).In 3.5%(mass fraction) NaCl solution, the Al0.3CrFeCoNiMox HEAs are spontaneously passivated and exhibited low corrosion rates of 3.6×10－4-5.9×10－4 mm/a, and the addition of Mo effectively suppresses pitting corrosion. The corrosion resistance of the Al0.3CrFeCoNiMox HEAs could be improved with the increase of Mo content, which is related to the increment in the electrochemical impedance and the thicknesses of the passive films on the alloys. Appropriate addition of Mo to the Al-Cr-Fe-Co-Ni system HEAs can lead to a combination of good mechanical properties and corrosion resistance.

The Pestalotiopsis sp. strain cr013 is a mycoparasite of Cronartium ribicola, a potential biocontrol fungus for Armand pine (Pinus armandii) blister rust. A previous study showed that the strain cr013 has great potential to produce new compounds. However, there has been no report of the whole-genome sequence of the mycoparasite Pestalotiopsis sp. In this study, the BGISEQ-500 and Oxford Nanopore GridION X5 sequencing platforms were used to sequence the strain cr013 isolates and assemble the reads to obtain the complete genome. We first report the whole-genome information of the mycoparasite Pestalotiopsis sp. strain cr013 (GenBank accession number: JACFXT010000000, BioProject ID: PRJNA647543, BioSample ID: SAMN15589943), and the genomic components and gene functions related to the mycoparasitism process were analyzed. This study provides a theoretical basis for understanding the lifestyle strategy of the mycoparasite Pestalotiopsis sp. and reveals the mechanisms underlying secondary metabolite diversity in the strain cr013.

Abstract Background Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are critical regulators in the initiation and progression of breast cancer. Our study aims to characterize the functions of LINC02086 which few published in breast cancer and decipher the downstream molecular mechanisms. Methods LINC02086 expression is tested in RNA-seq data from GEPIA database, tumor tissue samples from hospital patients and breast cancer cell lines. LINC02086 was silenced or overexpressed by lenti-virus-mediated shRNAs, or pLVX-Puro plasmids. Luciferase reporter assay and RNA pull-down assay were applied to study interactions between LINC02086, miR-6757-5p and ephrin type-A receptor 2 (EPHA2). LINC02086-silencing MCF-7 cells were injected into mice to establish xenograft animal models. Results Using RNA-seq data, tumor tissue samples and breast cancer cells, LINC02086 was consistently found to be up-regulated in breast cancer, and correlated with poorer prognosis. LINC02086 knockdown decreased cell viability, promoted cell apoptosis and suppressed tumor growth. LINC02086 interacted with miR-6757-5p that interacted with EPHA2.LINC02086 expression was negatively correlated with miR-6757-5p expression (r = -0.5698, P

Background: Renal angiomyolipoma (AML) without local invasion is generally considered benign. However, it may extend to the renal sinus, even the renal vein, or the inferior vena cava (IVC). In patients with non-tuberous sclerosis complex, coexistence of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and renal AML is uncommon. Case presentation: A 72-year-old woman was incidentally found to have a solitary right renal mass with an IVC thrombus extending into the right atrium during a routine health checkup. Robot-assisted laparoscopic radical nephrectomy and thrombectomy were successfully performed through adequate preoperative examination and preparation. Two tumor lesions were found and pathologically confirmed as renal AML and RCC, and the tumor thrombus was derived from the renal AML. During the one-year follow-up period, no signs of recurrence or metastatic disease were observed. Conclusions: Renal AML with a tumor thrombus in the IVC and right atrium accompanied by RCC may occur, although rarely. In clinical practice, if preoperative manifestations differ from those of common diseases, rare diseases must be considered to avoid missed diagnoses. In addition, adequate examination and multidisciplinary discussions before making a diagnosis are necessary. For a level 4 tumor thrombus with no infringement of the venous wall, adoption of robot-assisted minimally invasive surgery, without extracorporeal circulation technology, is feasible.

Glucagon receptor (GCGR) is a class B1 G-protein-coupled receptor that plays a crucial role in maintaining human blood glucose homeostasis and is a significant target for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Currently, six small molecules (Bay 27-9955, MK-0893, MK-3577, LY2409021, PF-06291874, and LGD-6972) have been tested or are undergoing clinical trials, but only the binding site of MK-0893 has been resolved. To predict binding sites for other small molecules, we utilized both the crystal structure of the GCGR and MK-0893 complex and dynamic conformations. We docked five small molecules and selected the best conformation based on binding mode, docking score, and binding free energy. We performed MD simulations to verify the binding mode of the selected small molecules. Moreover, when selecting conformations, results of competitive binding were referred to. MD simulation indicated that Bay 27-9955 exhibits moderate binding stability in Pocket 3. MK-3577, LY2409021, and PF-06291874 exhibited highly stable binding to Pocket 2, consistent with experimental results. However, LY2409021 may also bind to Pocket 5. Additionally, LGD-6972 exhibited relatively stable binding in Pocket 5. We also conducted structural modifications of LGD-6972 based on the results of MD simulations and predicted its analogues’ bioavailability, providing a reference for the study of GCGR small molecules.

To investigate the clinical efficacy of dexamethasone (Dex) combined with isoniazid in tuberculous meningitis (TBM) and its effect on peripheral blood T cell subsets.

An analysis model for electromagnetic damper is proposed in order to obtain the working characteristics of electromagnetic damper under different working conditions. Firstly, the inertia force and the electromagnetic force of electromagnetic damper are calculated, and the friction force is tested. Secondly, by combining the theoretical results and the test data, the working characteristic analysis model for electromagnetic damper is established. Finally, the damping characteristics and energy harvesting characteristics of the electromagnetic damper under multiple working conditions are discussed by using the present model. The working condition characteristic surface of the electromagnetic damper is obtained by using the recovered energy and equivalent damping coefficient as the coordinate plane. The results show that the error between the calculated results and the test results is below 10%. The damping force and output voltage of the electromagnetic damper are positively correlated with excitation frequency and amplitude. The excitation amplitude and frequency influence the energy harvesting characteristic and damping property deeply, respectively. The increase in load resistance reduces the energy regenerative capacity and damping capacity of the electromagnetic damper.

Diets significantly affect the nutrition and health of people as well as the resources and environment. Promoting a sustainable healthy diets among the Chinese population is crucial for implementing the Healthy China initiative, fostering sustainable development, and ensuring national food security in China. This study reviews the forming process of the sustainable healthy diets concept, presents several representative sustainable dietary patterns, and clarifies the international consensus on sustainable healthy diets from the perspectives of nutrition and health, resource and environment, and socio-economics. Moreover, it analyzes the current dietary patterns of Chinese residents and focuses on associated nutrition and health issues and resource and environmental challenges caused by changes in dietary patterns. Furthermore, we recommend that China should propose targeted plans to guide and optimize residents’ dietary patterns, implement multiple measures to foster a healthy and sustainable food consumption habit among residents, and establish a sustainable and healthy dietary supply system. This can help cope with the double challenges of increasing nutritional imbalance and environmental degradation and improve the formulation of national food policies.

Nanostructured lipid carriers is a new dosage form in food industry. As a delivery system for functional foods, it has a high drug loading and encapsulation rate, which can effectively increase the bioavailability and stability of fat-soluble bioactive substances, improve the nutritional value and safety of food, and control the release of encapsulating materials, so it has a broad application prospect. In this paper, the classification of structural characteristics (imperfect type, amorphous type and multiple type) and several common preparation methods of nanostructured lipid carriers are reviewed, including the process flow as well as the advantages and drawbacks of hot high-pressure homogenization, cold high-pressure homogenization, solvent emulsification diffusion method, solvent emulsification evaporation method, solvent injection/solvent displacement method, microemulsion technique, emulsification ultrasonic method, membrane contractor, phase inversion techniques and super critical fluid method. The protection and delivery of nanostructured lipid carriers for essential fatty acids, carotenoids, phytosterols, fat-soluble vitamins, polyphenols and other bioactive substances in functional food field are summarized. The limitations and future research trends of nanostructured lipid carriers delivery system in food industry are summarized and discussed, which would provide a theoretical basis for subsequent research.

The continuously emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants pose a great challenge to the efficacy of current drugs, this necessitates the development of broad-spectrum antiviral drugs. In the previous study, we designed a recombinant protein, heptad repeat (HR) 121, as a variant-proof vaccine. Here, we found it can act as a fusion inhibitor and demonstrated broadly neutralizing activities against SARS-CoV-2 and its main variants. Structure analysis suggested that HR121 targets the HR2 domain in SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) 2 subunit to block virus-cell fusion. Functional experiments demonstrated that HR121 can bind HR2 at serological-pH and endosomal-pH, highlighting its inhibition capacity when SARS-CoV-2 enters via either cellular membrane fusion or endosomal route. Importantly, HR121 can effectively inhibit SARS-CoV-2 and Omicron variant pseudoviruses entering the cells, as well as block authentic SARS-CoV-2 and Omicron BA.2 replications in human pulmonary alveolar epithelial cells. After intranasal administration to Syrian golden hamsters, it can protect hamsters from SARS-CoV-2 and Omicron BA.2 infection. Together, our results suggest that HR121 is a potent drug candidate with broadly neutralizing activities against SARS-CoV-2 and its variants.

The addition of 2,5-pyridinedicarboxylic acid (2,5-PDCA) to the Mg-Al LDH coating, which was prepared by one-step hydrothermal synthesis, had extremely enhanced the corrosion protection of AZ31 Mg alloy, although the 2,5-PDCA could not be intercalated into the interlayer spacing. The corrosion current density of 0.05 mol L−1 2,5-PDCA LDH containing LDH coating is 3.18 nA cm−2, reduced by two orders of magnitude compared to the LDH coating without inhibitor, and the corrosion inhibition efficiency of the coating is 98.05%. The coating formed on the surface of AZ31 was peeled off from the substrate by using a mechanical method and SEM observation of the cross-section showed that the coating consisted of three different layers. The innermost layer is a thick layer that consists of Mg(OH)2 and the intermediate layer is LDH, which is vertical to the substrate and the outmost layer is a thin but very dense deposit layer of LDH agglomerates with complexes of 2,5-PDCA and Mg. This kind of sediment/LDH/Mg(OH)2 three-layer composite structure was accountable for the increase in the corrosion resistance of AZ31 Mg alloy.

Weyl semimetals hold great promise in revolutionizing nonreciprocal optical components due to their unique topological properties. By exhibiting nonreciprocal magneto-optical effects without necessitating an external magnetic field, these materials offer remarkable miniaturization opportunities and reduced energy consumption. However, their intrinsic topological robustness poses a challenge for applications demanding tunability. In this work, we introduce an innovative approach to enhance the tunability of their response, utilizing multilayered configurations of twisted anisotropic Weyl semimetals. Our design enables controlled and reversible isolation by adjusting the twist angle between the anisotropic layers. When implemented in the Faraday geometry within the mid-IR frequency range, our design delivers impressive isolation, exceeding 50 dB, while maintaining a minimal insertion loss of just 0.33 dB. Moreover, the in-plane anisotropy of Weyl semimetals eliminates one or both polarizers of conventional isolator geometry, significantly reducing the overall dimensions. These results set the stage for creating highly adaptable, ultra-compact optical isolators that can propel the fields of integrated photonics and quantum technology applications to new heights.

Porous structures and surface morphology of bone tissue scaffolds play an important role in improving the biocompatibility and antibacterial properties for bone repair. In this study, we investigated the effect of different anodic oxidation parameters on the nanotubes morphology in 3D printed porous titanium scaffolds. Micron-scale pores were fabricated by 3D printing first, and then the nano-scale tubes were obtained via anodizing treatments. The results demonstrated that the morphology of the nanotubes depended on the anodic oxidation time and voltage, respectively. Longer anodic oxidation led to the formation of circle-like nanotubes, and the diameter of the nanotubes increased with the voltage. The scaffolds anodized at 30 V showed the best cell proliferation potential. The presence of nanotubes on the surface of scaffold altered the adhesion of bacteria so that it improved the antibacterial properties of scaffold. The formation of nanotubes improved the drug-loading ability of the scaffold, which are used for loading of minocycline antibacterial drugs. The proposed 3D printed porous Ti6Al4V scaffold with nanotubes surface modification showed obvious antibacterial effect, which is expected to have a promising application in antibacterial bone prosthesis.

Abstract Type IIA topoisomerase (TOP2A) is significantly associated with malignant tumor development, invasion, treatment and its prognosis, and has been shown to be a therapeutic target against cancer. In contrast, the role of TOP2A in the immunotherapy of non-small cell lung cancer as well as in Vasculogenic mimicry (VM) formation and its potential mechanisms are unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of TOP2A in proliferation, skeleton regulation, motility and VM production in non-small cell lung cancer and its mechanisms by using bioinformatics tools and molecular biology experiments. Subgroup analysis showed that the low-risk group had a better prognosis, while the high-risk group was positively correlated with high tumor mutational load, M1-type macrophage infiltration, immune checkpoint molecule expression, and immunotherapy efficacy. As confirmed by further clinical specimens, the presence of TOP2A and VM was significantly and positively correlated with poor prognosis. Our study established a model based on significant co-expression of TOP2A genes, which significantly correlated with mutational load and immunotherapy outcomes in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Further mechanistic exploration suggests that TOP2A plays an important role in immunotherapy and VM formation in NSCLC through upregulation of Wnt3a and PD-L1 expression.

As the fourth most important cancer management strategy except surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy, cancer immunotherapy has been confirmed to elicit durable antitumor effects in the clinic by leveraging the patient’s own immune system to eradicate the cancer cells. However, the limited population of patients who benefit from the current immunotherapies and the immune related adverse events hinder its development. The immunosuppressive microenvironment is the main cause of the failure, which leads to cancer immune evasion and immunity cycle blockade. Encouragingly, nanotechnology has been engineered to enhance the efficacy and reduce off-target toxicity of their therapeutic cargos by spatiotemporally controlling the biodistribution and release kinetics. Among them, lipid-based nanoparticles are the first nanomedicines to make clinical translation, which are now established platforms for diverse areas. In this perspective, we discuss the available lipid-based nanoparticles in research and market here, then describe their application in cancer immunotherapy, with special emphasis on the T cells-activated and macrophages-targeted delivery system. Through perpetuating each step of cancer immunity cycle, lipid-based nanoparticles can reduce immunosuppression and promote drug delivery to trigger robust antitumor response.

Abstract Background Pueraria is a dry root commonly used in Traditional Chinese Medicine or as food and fodder, and tuberous root expansion is an important agronomic characteristic that influences its yield. However, no specific genes regulating tuberous root expansion in Pueraria have been identified. Therefore, we aimed to explore the expansion mechanism of Pueraria at six developmental stages (P1–P6), by profiling the tuberous roots of an annual local variety “Gange No.1” harvested at 105, 135, 165, 195, 225, and 255 days after transplanting. Results Observations of the tuberous root phenotype and cell microstructural morphology revealed that the P3 stage was a critical boundary point in the expansion process, which was preceded by a thickening diameter and yield gain rapidly of the tuberous roots, and followed by longitudinal elongation at both ends. A total of 17,441 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified by comparing the P1 stage (unexpanded) against the P2–P6 stages (expanded) using transcriptome sequencing; 386 differential genes were shared across the six developmental stages. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed that the DEGs shared by P1 and P2–P6 stages were mainly involved in pathways related to the “cell wall and cell cycle”, “plant hormone signal transduction”, “sucrose and starch metabolism”, and “transcription factor (TF)”. The finding is consistent with the physiological data collected on changes in sugar, starch, and hormone contents. In addition, TFs including bHLHs, AP2s, ERFs, MYBs, WRKYs, and bZIPs were involved in cell differentiation, division, and expansion, which may relate to tuberous root expansion. The combination of KEGG and trend analyses revealed six essential candidate genes involved in tuberous root expansion; of them, CDC48, ARF, and EXP genes were significantly upregulated during tuberous root expansion while INV, EXT, and XTH genes were significantly downregulated. Conclusion Our findings provide new insights into the complex mechanisms of tuberous root expansion in Pueraria and candidate target genes, which can aid in increasing Pueraria yield.

Abstract A triple‐objective optimal design method for AC filters in high voltage direct current (HVDC) system based on an improved multi‐objective evolutionary algorithm based on decomposition (MOEA/D) is proposed. A triple‐objective optimisation mathematical model including total harmonic distortion (THD) on AC side voltage, investment cost of AC filters and telephone harmonic form factor (THFF) is established. An improved MOEA/D is proposed to realise the triple‐objective optimal design for AC filters more efficiently. The improved MOEA/D adds a particular mutation operator, which can not only to prevent MOEA/D from getting stuck at local optimum but also accelerate the convergence to the optimum solution while the algorithm approaches the neighbourhood of the optimum solution. A three‐dimensional fuzzy evaluation system is designed to select the optimum solution of the triple‐objective optimisation. A case of ±500 kV HVDC system is simulated. Taking the ±500 kV HVDC system as the prototype system, a dynamic simulation experimental platform of the rectification system of the direct current transmission system with AC filters is designed and established based on the similarity principle. Both the simulation and experimental results verify that the proposed method have excellent performance.

Pixel-level structure segmentations have attracted considerable attention, playing a crucial role in autonomous driving within the metaverse and enhancing comprehension in light field-based machine vision. However, current light field modeling methods fail to integrate appearance and geometric structural information into a coherent semantic space, thereby limiting the capability of light field transmission for visual knowledge. In this paper, we propose a general light field modeling method for pixel-level structure segmentation, comprising a generative light field prompting encoder (LF-GPE) and a prompt-based masked light field pretraining (LF-PMP) network. Our LF-GPE, serving as a light field backbone, can extract both appearance and geometric structural cues simultaneously. It aligns these features into a unified visual space, facilitating semantic interaction. Meanwhile, our LF-PMP, during the pretraining phase, integrates a mixed light field and a multi-view light field reconstruction. It prioritizes considering the geometric structural properties of the light field, enabling the light field backbone to accumulate a wealth of prior knowledge. We evaluate our pretrained LF-GPE on two downstream tasks: light field salient object detection and semantic segmentation. Experimental results demonstrate that LF-GPE can effectively learn high-quality light field features and achieve highly competitive performance in pixel-level segmentation tasks.

Abstract Background Patients with myasthenia gravis(MG)often experience multiple symptoms concurrently, which can have an adverse effect on their quality of life(QOL). However, a specific, systemic and reliable scale for symptom clusters in MG is lacking. Aims To develop reliable assessment scale for symptom clusters in patients with MG. Design A cross-sectional descriptive study. Methods Based on the unpleasant symptom theory(TOUS), the first draft of the scale was developed through review literature, qualitative interview, and Delphi expert correspondence, the items of the scale were presented and adjusted through cognitive interviews with 12 patients. To conveniently assess the validity and reliability of the scale, a cross-sectional survey was conducted in 283 patients with MG who were recruited from Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, from June to September 2021. Results The final symptom cluster scale for patients with MG consisted of 19 items(MGSC-19), with a content validity index ranging from 0.828 to 1.000 for each item and the content validity index was 0.980. Four common variables (ocular muscle weakness, general muscular weakness, treatment-related side effects, and psychiatric problems) were identified by exploratory factor analysis, which explained 70.187% of the total variance. The correlation coefficients between the scale dimension and the overall score ranged from 0.395 to 0.769 (all P

For a uranium purification enterprise in the south of China, the waste residue (uranium grade 12000%), which is a mixture of rubble from the extraction in the purification system and other wastewater passing through the plate and frame after resting, has a complex composition, with the presence of diatomaceous earth as a filter aid in addition to the impurities such as acidic solids and organic matter produced in the uranium leaching process. The conventional natural treatment method has a poor leaching effect and a low uranium recovery rate with nitric acid heating. To this end, low-temperature chlorination roasting nitric acid leaching study was conducted, in which sodium chloride was added to the specimen for roasting pretreatment. Then the roasted model was leached using nitric acid. The effects of roasting temperature, sodium chloride addition, roasting time, sample size and other influencing factors on the leaching behavior of uranium were investigated. The experimental results show that the uranium leaching rate reaches 95.97% under the conditions of 20% NaCl addition, 200 ℃ roasting temperature, 2 hour roasting time, 7.4 mol/L nitric acid concentration, 80 ℃ leaching temperature and 2 hour leaching time, which is 19.52% higher than that of the conventional acid leaching process. The results show that the waste slag’s specific surface area and porosity increase significantly after pretreatment with sodium chloride roasting, which promots the dissociation of uranium and increased the contact area between uranium and acid, thus leading to a significant increase in the uranium leaching rate. And the chlorination roasting can have an activating effect on the metal components in the specimen. It can play a role in screening some oxides, such as silica, iron oxide, etc. Combined with the specimen’s physical and chemical composition analysis, it is due to the formation process of the illustration mixed with iron-containing flocculants, binders, and other substances to form uranium wrapping. At the same time, the chlorine and hydrogen chloride gas generated by sodium chloride roasting can be part of the iron components chlorinated into ferric chloride, and with the iron oxide in the process of confinement due to chemical gas phase migration reaction to generate chloride, which not only to uranium wrapping structure. This not only causes damage to the uranium wrapper structure, which allows more exposure of the uranium component but also has a catalytic effect on the uranium leaching process, which leads to a significant increase in the leaching rate of uranium. At the same time, because solid sodium chloride is used, the roasting conditions are relatively mild, and therefore the generation of contaminating gases is within the control range.

Abstract Background Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) comprise many complex and clinically distinct neurodevelopmental conditions, with increasing evidence linking them to parkinsonism. Methods We searched Medline and Embase from inception to 21 March 2022 and reviewed the bibliographies of relevant articles. Studies were screened and reviewed comprehensively by two independent authors. Results Of 863 references from our search, we included eight clinical studies, nine genetic studies, and five case reports. Regardless of age group, Parkinson's disease (PD) and parkinsonian syndromes were more frequently observed in patients with ASD, though the evidence for increased rates of parkinsonism is less clear for children and adolescents. Parkinsonian features and hypokinetic behavior were common in Rett syndrome, with prevalence estimates ranging from 40% to 80%. Frequently observed parkinsonian features include bradykinesia, rigidity, hypomimia, and gait freezing. PD gene PARK2 copy number variations appear more frequently in ASD cases than controls. Evidence suggests that RIT2 and CD157/BST1 are implicated in ASD and PD, while the evidence for other PD‐related genes (DRD2, GPCR37, the SLC gene family, and SMPD1) is less clear. Rare mutations, such as ATP13A2, CLN3, and WDR45, could result in autistic behavior and concomitant parkinsonism. Conclusion The prevalence of parkinsonism in ASD is substantially greater than in the general population or matched controls. Various PD‐associated gene loci, especially PARK2, could confer susceptibility to ASD as well. Important future directions include conducting prospective cohort studies to understand how parkinsonian symptoms may progress, genetic studies to reveal relevant gene loci, and pathophysiologic studies to identify potential therapeutic targets.

The aim of this work is to study the influence of chamfered perforation and chamfering on the heave and pitch motion of a single floating wind power platform with an anti-heave device. Firstly, the hydrodynamic performance of a single floating body with different chamfers, or without perforation, is calculated and analysed. Secondly, the motion of a model without perforation and with 35° chamfered perforation is captured and studied in a towing tank. The results show that when the wave height is large and the period is small, the perforated device has a certain effect. When the wave height and period are small, the pitch suppression effect of chamfered perforation is more obvious than that of non-chamfered perforation. When the period and wave height are large, the heave suppression effect of non-chamfered perforation is better than that of chamfered perforation. In experimental research, the perforated floating body has a certain effect on restraining the heave and pitch of a floating body under most working conditions, and the effect of restraining the pitch is obviously better than that of restraining the heave.

The fall webworm (FWW), H. cunea (Drury) (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiidae), is an extremely high-risk globally invasive pest. Understanding the invasion dynamics of invasive pests and identifying the critical factors that promote their spread is essential for devising practical and efficient strategies for their control and management. The invasion dynamics of the FWW and its influencing factors were analyzed using standard deviation ellipse and spatial autocorrelation methods. The analysis was based on statistical data on the occurrence of the FWW in China. The dissemination pattern of the FWW between 1979 and 2022 followed a sequence of “invasion-occurrence-transmission-outbreak”, spreading progressively from coastal to inland regions. Furthermore, areas with high nighttime light values, abundant ports, and non-forested areas with low vegetation cover at altitudes below 500 m were more likely to be inhabited by the black-headed FWW. The dynamic invasion pattern and the driving factors associated with the fall webworm (FWW) provide critical insights for future FWW management strategies. These strategies serve not only to regulate the dissemination of insects and diminish migratory tendencies but also to guarantee the implementation of efficient early detection systems and prompt response measures.

Steel bridges are generally considered to perform well during seismic activity. Nevertheless, they still suffered much unexpected seismic damage in the Kumamoto earthquake, especially seismic pounding damage. Previous studies on bridge pounding damage have generally focused on reinforced concrete bridges. However, steel bridges' dynamic characteristics are more complex, the stiffness of each component varies significantly, and relevant research remains limited. Therefore, the numerical simulation method is adopted in this paper to study the pounding damage of simple-supported steel bridges under seismic events in detail. The multiscale, fine three-dimensional finite element model was built using the general finite element calculation platform Abaqus, and dynamic implicit analysis was performed. Numerical results show that large and near-fault seismic activity results in obvious pounding damage to steel beams. Specifically, longitudinal pounding causes damage to the steel beam's ends; however, the damage is typically localized and mild. Lateral pounding further causes direct damage to the steel beams, resulting in extensive and serious damage. Horizontal pounding which combines longitudinal and lateral causes rotation of the bridge deck and aggravates the lateral damage to steel beams. In addition, a pounding identification method based only on displacement data is proposed, and a feasible preventive measure for lateral pounding damage is suggested.

Metabolism-related fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is the most common form of chronic liver disease in the world. Its pathogenesis is influenced by both environmental and genetic factors. With the upgrading of gene screening methods and the development of human genome project, whole genome scanning has been widely used to screen genes related to MAFLD, and more and more genetic variation factors related to MAFLD susceptibility have been discovered. There are genetic variants that are highly correlated with the occurrence and development of MAFLD, and there are genetic variants that are protective of MAFLD. These genetic variants affect the development of MAFLD by influencing lipid metabolism and insulin resistance. Therefore, in-depth analysis of different mechanisms of genetic variation and targeting of specific genetic variation genes may provide a new idea for the early prediction and diagnosis of diseases and individualized precision therapy, which may be a promising strategy for the treatment of MAFLD.

With the exhaustion of the IPv4 addresses, the promotion and deployment of IPv6 has been accelerating.Dual-stack technology allows devices to enable both IPv4 and IPv6 protocols, which means that users are facing more security risks.Although the existing work can realize the identification and measurement of some dual-stack servers, the following problems still exist.Dual-stack host identification requires deep protocol identification of host services, but this method consumes too much scanning resources.Besides, network service providers may provide consistent services on distributed hosts, making it difficult to guarantee the accuracy of dual-stack host identification through service fingerprints.To solve these problems, the LAN service discovery protocol was used to bind host services to IP addresses, and a dual-stack host discovery method based on SSDP and DNS-SD protocols was proposed.In IPv4 network environment, the target host was induced to actively send a request to the constructed IPv6 server through SSDP protocol, and then the IPv6 address was extracted from the server’s log.Or the service list of the target host and its corresponding AAAA record was enumerated through the DNS-SD protocol and the IPv6 address of the target host was obtained, in order to realize the discovery of the dual stack address pairs.With this method, IPv6 addresses was obtained directly from the IPv4 host, which ensured the accuracy of the discovered dual-stack host.At the same time, only request packets for specific protocols were needed during the discovery process, which greatly saved scanning resources.Based on this method, the SSDP hosts and DNS-SD hosts accidentally exposed to the global IPv4 network were measured.A total number of 158k unique IPv6 addresses were collected, of which 55k were dual-stack host address pairs with globally reachable IPv6 addresses.Unlike existing work that focused on dual-stack servers, this method mainly targeted end-users and client devices, and built a unique set of active IPv6 devices and dual-stack host address pairs that have not been explored so far.Through the analysis of the obtained IPv6 address addressing type, it shows that IPv6 address is mainly generated in a random manner, which greatly reduces the possibility of IPv6 hosts being discovered by scanning.In particular, by measuring the ports and services of dual-stack hosts, we found that the security policy differences of dual-stack hosts on different protocol stacks.Especially, IPv6 protocol stack exposes more high-risk services, expanding the attack surface of hosts.The research results also show that the infeasibility of IPv6 address space traversal scanning mitigates the security risks of IPv6, but incorrect network configuration greatly increases the possibility of these high-risk IPv6 hosts being discovered and users should revisit IPv6 security strategy on dual-stack hosts.

Abstract Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a heterogenous, uniformly fatal neurodegenerative ɑ-synucleinopathy. Patients present with varying degrees of dysautonomia, parkinsonism, cerebellar dysfunction, and corticospinal degeneration. The underlying pathophysiology is postulated to arise from aberrant ɑ-synuclein deposition, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. Although MSA is regarded as a primarily sporadic disease, there is a possible genetic component that is poorly understood. This review summarizes current literature on genetic risk factors and potential pathogenic genes and loci linked to both sporadic and familial MSA, and underlines the biological mechanisms that support the role of genetics in MSA. We discuss a broad range of genes that have been associated with MSA including genes related to Parkinson’s disease (PD), oxidative stress, inflammation, and tandem gene repeat expansions, among several others. Furthermore, we highlight various genetic polymorphisms that modulate MSA risk, including complex gene–gene and gene-environment interactions, which influence the disease phenotype and have clinical significance in both presentation and prognosis. Deciphering the exact mechanism of how MSA can result from genetic aberrations in both experimental and clinical models will facilitate the identification of novel pathophysiologic clues, and pave the way for translational research into the development of disease-modifying therapeutic targets.

In the context of rapid urbanization, urban security has a huge impact on social stability, such as huge property losses and casualties. Especially in extreme weather conditions, disasters will increase, thus the study of urban safety early warning systems is necessary. Firstly, this paper introduces the current situation and problems of urban security. Then, the urban safety early warning systems and emergency response mechanisms under snowstorm conditions are established and discussed according to the current situation. Finally, this paper puts forward suggestions and measures for the urban safety emergency rescue guarantee mechanism in snowstorm conditions.

Programmable feedforward photonic meshes of Mach–Zehnder interferometers are computational optical circuits that have many classical and quantum computing applications including machine learning, sensing, and telecommunications. Such devices can form the basis of energy-efficient photonic neural networks, which solve complex tasks using photonics-accelerated matrix multiplication on a chip, and which may require calibration and training mechanisms. Such training can benefit from internal optical power monitoring and physical gradient measurement for optimizing controllable phase shifts to maximize some task merit function. Here, we design and experimentally verify a new architecture capable of power monitoring any waveguide segment in a feedforward photonic circuit. Our scheme is experimentally realized by modulating phase shifters in a 6 × 6 triangular mesh silicon photonic chip, which can non-invasively (i.e., without any internal “power taps”) resolve optical powers in a 3 × 3 triangular mesh based on response measurements in only two output detectors. We measure roughly 3% average error over 1000 trials in the presence of systematic manufacturing and environmental drift errors and verify scalability of our procedure to more modes via simulation.

Effective infrared small target detection is still challenging due to small target sizes and the clutter in the background. Unfortunately, many advanced methods do not perform well in preserving and detecting multiscale objects in complex scenes. We propose an infrared small targets method to suppress the background and adapt the infrared small targets with different sizes. Based on the singular value analysis in the facet model, we propose a multiderivative descriptor to enhance the targets and suppress various clutter in the dual derivative channels. In the first-order derivative channel, we design four facet kernels with different directions to enhance and preserve the isotropic small targets and suppress the block clutter. In the second-order derivative channel, we use the facet kernel to enhance the center pixels of targets and suppress the band clutter. In order to adapt to the targets with various sizes, we propose a constrained random walker technique, including an adaptive matching algorithm to extract the local regions of each candidate adaptively based on the constraint of size and shape. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method can accurately detect multiscale small targets in complex scenes, resulting in better detection performance than the state-of-the-art methods.