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Abstract Background We aimed to identify different Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS) subtypes, demyelination, axonal degeneration, and reversible conduction failure (RCF) as early as possible by analyzing the initial clinical and electrophysiological examinations. Methods This study retrospectively collected GBS patients between October 2018 and December 2022 at Beijing Tiantan Hospital. The diagnostic criteria for the initial electrophysiological study were based on Rajabally's criteria, and the criteria for the serial electrophysiological study were based on Uncini's criteria. All subjects underwent clinical and electrophysiological evaluations at least twice within 8 weeks. Results A total of 47 eligible patients with GBS were included, comprising 19 acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (AIDP), 18 axonal degenerations, and 10 RCFs. In the RCF group, 40%, 30%, and 30% patients were diagnosed as AIDP, axonal, and equivocal at the initial study, respectively. The AIDP group had significantly higher cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) protein than the RCF (123.8 [106.4, 215.1] mg/dL vs. 67.1 [36.8, 85.6] mg/dL, p = 0.002) and axonal degeneration (123.8 [106.4, 215.1] mg/dL vs. 60.8 [34.8, 113.0] mg/dL, p

Abstract Background The predictability of incisor movement achieved by clear aligners among Class II division 2 patients is poorly understood. The aim of this retrospective study was to determine the effectiveness of clear aligners in proclining and intruding upper incisors and its influencing factors. Methods Eligible patients with Class II division 2 malocclusion were included. For clear aligner therapy, three types of incisor movements were designed: proclination, intrusion and labial movement. Pre-treatment and post-treatment dental models were superimposed. The differences between predicted and actual (DPA) tooth movement of incisors were analyzed. Univariate and multivariate linear regression were used to analyze the potential influencing factors. Results A total of 51 patients and their 173 upper incisors were included. Actual incisor proclination and intrusion were less than predicted ones (both P

Abstract Background The purpose was to determine the predictability of tooth movements through clear aligner among premolar extraction patients and to explore the effects of various factors on tooth movements. Methods A total of 31 extraction patients (10 males and 20 females; age 14–44) receiving clear aligner treatment (Invisalign) were enrolled in this study. The actual post-treatment models and pre-treatment models were superimposed using the palatal area as a reference and registered with virtual post-treatment models. A paired t test was used to compare the differences between actual and designed tooth movements of maxillary first molars, canines, and central incisors. A multivariate linear mixed model was performed to examine the influence of variables on actual tooth movements. Results Compared to the designed tooth movements, the following undesirable tooth movements occurred: mesial movement (2.2 mm), mesial tipping (5.4°), and intrusion (0.45 mm) of first molars; distal tipping (11.0°), lingual tipping (4.4°), and distal rotation of canines (4.9°); lingual tipping (10.6°) and extrusion (1.5 mm) of incisors. Age, crowding, mini-implant, overbite, and attachments have differential effects on actual tooth movements. Moreover, vertical rectangular attachments on canines are beneficial in achieving more predictable canine and incisor tooth movements over optimized attachments. Lingual tipping and extrusion of incisors were significantly influenced by the interaction effects between incisor power ridge and different canine attachments (p

Background: The aim of this meta-analysis was to compare the effects of periodontal treatment with or without adjunctive antibiotic on periodontal status and blood glucose level in diabetic patients with periodontitis.Methods: A search using electronic database (MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials) and a manual search were performed up to July 2022. Eligible 13 RCTs were included according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Reviewers independently performed data screening, data selection, data extraction, and risk of bias. Quality assessment was performed according to the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. Weighted mean differences and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for continuous outcomes were calculated using random or fixed-effects models. This review is registered in the PROSPERO database (CRD42022347803).Results: Of the 13 included articles, eight were on the use of systemic antibiotics and five on topical antibiotics. The results showed statistically significant improvement in periodontal status (probing depth, clinical attachment loss and bleeding on probing) at 6 months with systematic antibiotics use (PD-6M p = 0.04, BOP-6M p < 0.0001, CAL-6M p = 0.002). The improvement in PD with topical antibiotics was statistically significant at 1 month (p = 0.0006). However, there was no statistically significant improvement in periodontal status at 3 months with adjuvant systemic antibiotics.Conclusion: Antibiotics can improve the periodontal condition of diabetic patients with periodontitis to a certain extent. In clinical practice, it is necessary to comprehensively consider the balance of benefits and risks before deciding whether to use antibiotics.Systematic Review Registration: Identifier CRD42022347803, https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/.

Abstract Background Nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) has been revealed to play bidirectional roles in orofacial pain modulation. Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is a well-known pro-nociceptive molecule that participates in the modulation of orofacial pain. We aimed to determine the effects of N/OFQ on the modulation of orofacial pain and on the release of CGRP. Methods Orofacial pain model was established by ligating springs between incisors and molars in rats for the simulation of tooth movement. The expression level of N/OFQ was determined and pain level was scored in response to orofacial pain. Both agonist and antagonist of N/OFQ receptor were administered to examine their effects on pain and the expression of CGRP in trigeminal ganglia (TG). Moreover, gene therapy based on the overexpression of N/OFQ was delivered to validate the modulatory role of N/OFQ on pain and CGRP expression. Results Tooth movement elicited orofacial pain and an elevation in N/OFQ expression. N/OFQ exacerbated orofacial pain and upregulated CGRP expression in TG, while UFP-101 alleviated pain and downregulated CGRP expression. N/OFQ-based gene therapy was successful in overexpressing N/OFQ in TG, which resulted in pain exacerbation and elevation of CGRP expression in TG. Conclusions N/OFQ exacerbated orofacial pain possibly through upregulating CGRP.

The nonlinear time-domain lubrication characteristics of the hydrodynamic journal bearing system are studied in this paper. The motion equation of the hydrodynamic journal bearing system is established based on the balance of the relationship among the water film force, journal inertia force, and external load. The water film pressure distribution of the sliding bearing is calculated by the finite difference method. Firstly, the variation law of the water film pressure distribution with time under the external periodic load is calculated considering the inertial force of the journal. The influence of the initial eccentricity on the orbit of the journal center is studied. Secondly, the maximum water film pressure, the orbit of the journal center, eccentricity, water film pressure, and the minimum water film thickness of the bearing under the action of circumferential and unidirectional periodic external loads are calculated, and the effects of inertial force and rotational speed on the dynamic characteristics of the bearing are analyzed. Finally, the water film dynamic characteristics under low speed and heavy load are studied. The result shows that the pressure of the dimensionless water film caused by inertial force is reduced by 7 to 10 percent at the rotational speed between 200 r/min and 800 r/min, which means that the influence of inertia force cannot be ignored.

Abstract Background Recent years have witnessed a remarkable evolution of clear aligner technology and clear aligners are becoming more and more versatile in treating orthodontic patients. The aim of this study was to develop an objective evaluation system for assessing clear aligner treatment difficulty. Methods A total of 120 eligible patients (100 patients for developing and testing the evaluation system and 20 patients for validating this system) were recruited in this retrospective cross-sectional study. Based on clinical data (dental models, radiographs and photographs), complexity levels of cases were evaluated by two experts and regarded as the gold standard. Difficulty scores were determined through an evaluation system encompassing three domains (dental model analysis, radiographic examinations and clinical examinations). The reliability of the evaluation system was examined through analyzing the agreement between complexity levels and difficulty scores. Moreover, multivariable linear regression test was used to examine the independent association of each variable (e.g. overbite and crowding) with the complexity level. Results The results revealed that the assessment of treatment difficulty by this objective evaluation system substantially matched the gold standard (R2 = 0.80). The multivariable regression test revealed that complexity level was significantly associated with difficulty score (p

In the process of orthodontic treatment, root parallelism is related to the relapse of extraction spaces, black triangles, and periodontal health. However, there are few studies on root parallelism in extraction cases with different types of appliances. The objective was to compare the root parallelism in extraction cases treated with clear aligners vs. those treated with fixed appliances by measuring the differences per extraction site and to access the root-movement control capacity of both orthodontic appliances. A retrospective study was conducted on cases in which the first premolars were extracted, treated by clear aligner appliance (“Invisalign” system, 28 patients) or fixed appliance (30 patients). The angulations of the tooth axis (canines, the second premolars, the first molars, and the second molars) were measured to analyze and compare the difference in root parallelism between the two orthodontic appliances. The percentage of root parallelism between the canine and second premolar in both groups had no significant difference. However, judging from the average angle difference value, the fixed appliance might have a greater range in root angulation adjustment than the aligner. In the angulation categories, the aligner mainly showed root apical divergence, while the fixed appliance mainly showed root apical convergence. The dental crown of the molars was mainly non-tipping in both groups, but it could be observed that the dental crown of the maxillary molars had a tendency toward mesial inclination. In conclusion, the same root parallelism and root inclination were obtained in tooth extraction cases whether treated by clear aligners or fixed appliances. This study provides clinicians with more information on the performance of clear aligners and fixed appliances.

Background: Peri-implant mucositis (PiM) is an inflammation of the soft tissues surrounding the dental implant and is the precursor of the destructive inflammatory peri-implantitis. PiM is usually reversible, but difficult to eradicate. Mechanical debridement (MD) is the conventional procedure to treat PiM although not enough to reach a complete resolution. Recently, probiotics have been considered in the treatment of peri-implant disease. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to investigate the efficacy of the probiotic therapy combined with MD compared with MD alone or MD + placebo in patients with PiM.Methods: A search using electronic databases (MEDLINE, Science Direct databases, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials) and a manual search were performed up to November 2019 by two reviewers independently of each other. Eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing MD + probiotic vs. MD were included. The quality assessment for all the selected RCTs was conducted according to the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. Probing depth reduction was selected as the primary outcome. Weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated for continuous outcomes, and odds ratio (OR) and 95% CI were calculated for dichotomous outcomes, using random effect models. This review was registered on the PROSPERO database (CRD42020213625).Results: Five eligible publications were included in this systematic review and four in the meta-analysis. As regards the implant, the WMD in the probing depth reduction between the test and control group was −0.12 mm [95% CI (−0.38, 0.14), p = 0.38], meaning that the adjunctive probiotic therapy was not improving PiM compared with MD alone or MD + placebo. The meta-analysis also showed no statistically significant results in the secondary outcomes (reduction of full mouth plaque index and full mouth bleeding on probing, absence of bleeding on probing at implant level, and changes in microorganism load and species).Conclusion: The findings of this systematic review and meta-analysis suggested that the additional use of probiotics did not improve the efficacy of MD in PiM treatment regarding clinical and microbial outcomes, at least in a short-term.

Aim of review. To present comparative assessment of diagnostic and treatment approaches at non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in the Russian Federation and People’s Republic of China. Summary. NAFLD is the leading disease entity among the other chronic liver diseases in the countries of various regions of the world, at the present time it is considered to be one of the main causes for cryptogenic liver cirrhosis development. The pathogenesis of NAFLD closely correlates to both hepatic and cardiovascular involvement that significantly influences both treatment choice and life prognosis. According to the international clinical guidelines, NAFLD screening methods should include elastometry and serological tests to rule out severe liver fibrosis (F> 2). Liver biopsy is carried out at contradictory data of liver elastometry and serological fibrosis markers. Treatment of NAFLD should integrate the range of measures including correction of patients dietic habits and physical activity up to pharmacological treatment. Pharmacotherapy is recommended in the case of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) progression (bridging fibrosis ³ F2 and cirrhosis), as well as the earlier stages of NASH with two and more fibrosis progression risk factors (age over 50 years, diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, alanine transaminase elevation). Bicyclol is a drug developed in Materia Medica institute of Academy of medical sciences of China. The study is carried on by Chinese physicians have demonstrated efficacy of the drug for treatment of chronic liver diseases of various etiology, along with its antiinflammatory and antifibrotic properties. The drug registration studies conducted in the Russian Federation revealed high clinical performance of Bicyclol. Conclusion. Etiological and pathogenetic features of NAFLD require diverse therapeutic actions from dietic recommendations and physical activity correction of the prescription of various pharmacological agents. Results of clinical efficacy estimation of the new drug Bicyclol in the Russian market, that it was developed in the People’s Republic of China demonstrate reduction of severity of inflammation, steatosis, fibrosis and decrease of NAFLD activity scores.

Penetrating sacral injuries are very rare, but foreign bodies that penetrate the sacrum often cause pain, cerebrospinal fluid leakage, and neurological symptoms. Careful preoperative medical and imaging examinations, determining the position of the foreign body, and surgical exploration are essential in the management of such cases. We present the case of a woman who visited our emergency department with a broken sewing needle in her sacrum. The incident occurred when the patient accidentally sat on the needle while sewing by hand. Pain while sitting was the main clinical finding after the accident. The patient was treated successfully by surgical exploration aided by a permanent magnet. At follow-up a few months later, she was symptom-free. In clinical practice physicians often encounter patients with metallic foreign bodies. Permanent magnets play an important role in the removal of metallic foreign bodies, and emergency department physicians should master the methods and techniques.

In situ transcriptomic techniques promise a holistic view of tissue organization and cell-cell interactions. There has been a surge of multiplexed RNA in situ mapping techniques but their application to human tissues has been limited due to their large size, general lower tissue quality and high autofluorescence. Here we report DART-FISH, a padlock probe-based technology capable of profiling hundreds to thousands of genes in centimeter-sized human tissue sections. We introduce an omni-cell type cytoplasmic stain that substantially improves the segmentation of cell bodies. Our enzyme-free isothermal decoding procedure allows us to image 121 genes in large sections from the human neocortex in 20 healthy and pathological cell states, and identified diseased niches enriched in transcriptionally altered epithelial cells and myofibroblasts.

Background & aimsPatients with fatty liver disease may experience stigma from the disease or comorbidities. In this cross-sectional study, we aimed to understand stigma among patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)/nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and healthcare providers.MethodsMembers of the Global NASH Council created two surveys about experiences/attitudes toward NAFLD and related diagnostic terms: a 68-item patient and a 41-item provider survey.ResultsSurveys were completed by 1,976 patients with NAFLD across 23 countries (51% Middle East/North Africa [MENA], 19% Europe, 17% USA, 8% Southeast Asia, 5% South Asia) and 825 healthcare providers (67% gastroenterologists/hepatologists) across 25 countries (39% MENA, 28% Southeast Asia, 22% USA, 6% South Asia, 3% Europe). Of all patients, 48% ever disclosed having NAFLD/NASH to family/friends; the most commonly used term was "fatty liver" (88% at least sometimes); "metabolic disease" or "MAFLD" were rarely used (never by >84%). Regarding various perceptions of diagnostic terms by patients, there were no substantial differences between "NAFLD", "fatty liver disease (FLD)", "NASH", or "MAFLD". The most popular response was being neither comfortable nor uncomfortable with either term (56%-71%), with slightly greater discomfort with "FLD" among the US and South Asian patients (47-52% uncomfortable). Although 26% of patients reported stigma related to overweight/obesity, only 8% reported a history of stigmatization or discrimination due to NAFLD. Among providers, 38% believed that the term "fatty" was stigmatizing, while 34% believed that "nonalcoholic" was stigmatizing, more commonly in MENA (43%); 42% providers (gastroenterologists/hepatologists 45% vs. 37% other specialties, p = 0.03) believed that the name change to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (or MASLD) might reduce stigma. Regarding the new nomenclature, the percentage of providers reporting "steatotic liver disease" as stigmatizing was low (14%).ConclusionsThe perception of NAFLD stigma varies among patients, providers, geographic locations and sub-specialties.Impact and implicationsOver the past decades, efforts have been made to change the nomenclature of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) to better align with its underlying pathogenetic pathways and remove any potential stigma associated with the name. Given the paucity of data related to stigma in NAFLD, we undertook this global comprehensive survey to assess stigma in NAFLD among patients and providers from around the world. We found there is a disconnect between physicians and patients related to stigma and related nomenclature. With this knowledge, educational programs can be developed to better target stigma in NAFLD among all stakeholders and to provide a better opportunity for the new nomenclature to address the issues of stigma.

A salt-and alkali-resistant star-polymer was made using graft β-CD functional monomer and acrylamide monomer employing copolymerization and post-hydrolysis methods. The optimum parameters: azobisisobutyronitrile with a concentration of 50 mg/L, a mass fraction of acrylamide 25%, a graft β-CD functional monomer mass fraction of 1.5%, initiating temperature 5°C, hydrolysis temperature 90°C and hydrolysis time of 3 hours. The atomic force microscope and infrared spectroscopy morphology characterization results show that: the star-polymer S07313 contains the star-nucleu of the graft β-CD functional monomer. The molecular weight of the star-polymer S07313 is 24.5 million, while other basic physical and chemical properties can meet the technical requirements of the application of such a polymer in oil fields. With the addition of NaOH as a mass fraction of 1.0% in the Daqing simulated brine, the apparent viscosities of the star-polymer S07313, HPAM3000 and MO4000 are 42.40 mPa·s, 29.20 mPa·s and 18.00 mPa·s. The star-polymer S07313 and surface active agents Alkylbenzene Sulfonate have an excellent compatibility. 摘 要: 采用接枝β-CD抗盐碱功能单体与丙烯酰胺共聚后水解的方法制备超高相对分子质量抗盐碱星形聚合物。其最佳工艺参数为：偶氮二异丁腈质量浓度为50 mg/L、丙烯酰胺质量分数为25%、接枝β-CD抗盐碱功能单体质量分数为1.5%、引发温度为5 ℃、水解温度为90 ℃、水解时间为3.0 h。原子力显微镜形貌观察和红外光谱表征结果表明：抗盐碱星形聚合物S07313含有星核接枝β-CD功能单体。抗盐碱星形聚合物S07313的相对分子质量为2 450×104，其他基本理化性能都能达到油田应用指标的技术要求。当大庆模拟盐水中加入NaOH质量分数为1.0%的碱水时，抗盐碱星形聚合物S07313、HPAM3000和MO4000的表观黏度分别为42.40 mPa·s、29.20 mPa·s和18.00 mPa·s。抗盐碱星形聚合物与表面活性剂重烷基苯磺酸盐的配伍性优良。图10表3参20 Key words: star-polymer, graft β-CD functional monomer, salt-resistance, alkali-resistance

The efficient data transmission problem through cooperative communication was studied,a network coding was designed with random binning implements for wireless sensor networks,a cooperative data transmission scheme combined with the network coding was proposed,analyzed the end-to-end outage probability was analyzed.the usefulness of relaying was evaluated,and an ACK-less data transmission method based on the cooperative mechanism was developed.The theoretical analysis and experimental simulations show that they allowing for a more efficient use of resources.

The energy consumption of cooperative beamforming was studied under given requirements on the end-to-end bit error rate （BER）,and the optimal numbers of cooperative node were obtained for different propagation environments and transmission distances. Considering both transmit and circuit energies, a practical energy consumption model of co- operative beamforming in WSN was first proposed, and then its closed-form approximate solution was obtained. Based on this model, the energy consumption of cooperative beamforming was minimized by optimizing the numbers of coop- erative nodes. Analysis and simulations show that over some distance ranges, cooperative beamforming can achieve en- ergy savings compared with non-cooperative and STBC-based cooperative systems. Moreover, it is showed that there are the optimal numbers of cooperative nodes to minimize the total energy consumption for different propagation environ- ments and transmission distances.