Author: "Fan DS" - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

275 results on '"Fan DS"'

1. Common and rare variant association analyses in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis identify 15 risk loci with distinct genetic architectures and neuron-specific biology (vol 53, pg 1636, 2021)

Author: van Rheenen, W, van der Spek, RAA, Bakker, MK, van Vugt, JJFA, Hop, PJ, Zwamborn, RAJ, de Klein, N, Westra, HJ, Bakker, OB, Deelen, P, Shireby, G, Hannon, E, Moisse, M, Baird, D, Restuadi, R, Dolzhenko, E, Dekker, AM, Gawor, K, Westeneng, HJ, Tazelaar, GHP, van Eijk, KR, Kooyman, M, Byrne, RP, Doherty, M, Heverin, M, Al Khleifat, A, Iacoangeli, A, Shatunov, A, Ticozzi, N, Cooper-Knock, J, Smith, BN, Gromicho, M, Chandran, S, Pal, S, Morrison, KE, Shaw, PJ, Hardy, J, Orrell, RW, Sendtner, M, Meyer, T, Basak, N, van der Kooi, AJ, Ratti, A, Fogh, I, Gellera, C, Lauria, G, Corti, S, Cereda, C, Sproviero, D, Soraru, G, Siciliano, G, Filosto, M, Padovani, A, Chio, A, Calvo, A, Moglia, C, Brunetti, M, Canosa, A, Grassano, M, Beghi, E, Pupillo, E, Logroscino, G, Nefussy, B, Osmanovic, A, Nordin, A, Lerner, Y, Zabari, M, Gotkine, M, Baloh, RH, Bell, S, Vourc'h, P, Corcia, P, Couratier, P, Millecamps, S, Meininger, V, Salachas, F, Pardina, JMS, Assialioui, A, Rojas-Garcia, R, Dion, PA, Ross, JP, Ludolph, AC, Weishaupt, JH, Brenner, D, Freischmidt, A, Bensimon, G, Brice, A, Durr, A, Payan, CAM, Saker-Delye, S, Wood, NW, Topp, S, Rademakers, R, Tittmann, L, Lieb, W, Franke, A, Ripke, S, Braun, A, Kraft, J, Whiteman, DC, Olsen, CM, Uitterlinden, AG, Hofman, A, Rietschel, M, Cichon, S, Nothen, MM, Amouyel, P, Comi, G, Riva, N, Lunetta, C, Gerardi, F, Cotelli, MS, Rinaldi, F, Chiveri, L, Guaita, MC, Perrone, P, Diamanti, L, Ferrarese, C, Tremolizzo, L, Delodovici, ML, Bono, G, Manera, U, Vasta, R, Bombaci, A, Casale, F, Fuda, G, Salamone, P, Iazzolino, B, Peotta, L, Cugnasco, P, De Marco, G, Torrieri, MC, Palumbo, F, Gallone, S, Barberis, M, Sbaiz, L, Gentile, S, Mauro, A, De Marchi, F, D'Alfonso, S, Bertolotto, A, Gionco, M, Leotta, D, Odddenino, E, Imperiale, D, Cavallo, R, Pignatta, P, De Mattei, M, Geda, C, Papurello, DM, Gusmaroli, G, Comi, C, Labate, C, Ruiz, L, Ferrandi, D, Rota, E, Aguggia, M, Di Vito, N, Meineri, P, Ghiglione, P, Launaro, N, Dotta, M, Di Sapio, A, Giardini, G, Tiloca, C, Peverelli, S, Taroni, F, Pensato, V, Castellotti, B, Comi, GP, Del Bo, R, Ceroni, M, Gagliardi, S, Corrado, L, Mazzini, L, Raggi, F, Simoncini, C, Lo Gerfo, A, Inghilleri, M, Ferlini, A, Simone, IL, Passarella, B, Guerra, V, Zoccolella, S, Nozzoli, C, Mundi, C, Leone, M, Zarrelli, M, Tamma, F, Valluzzi, F, Calabrese, G, Boero, G, Rini, A, Traynor, BJ, Singleton, AB, Neto, MM, Cauchi, RJ, Ophoff, RA, Wiedau-Pazos, M, Lomen-Hoerth, C, van Deerlin, VM, Grosskreutz, J, Roediger, A, Gaur, N, Jork, A, Barthel, T, Theele, E, Ilse, B, Stubendorff, B, Witte, OW, Steinbach, R, Hubner, CA, Graff, C, Brylev, L, Fominykh, V, Demeshonok, V, Ataulina, A, Rogelj, B, Koritnik, B, Zidar, J, Ravnik-Glavac, M, Glavac, D, Stevic, Z, Drory, V, Povedano, M, Blair, IP, Kiernan, MC, Benyamin, B, Henderson, RD, Furlong, S, Mathers, S, McCombe, PA, Needham, M, Ngo, ST, Nicholson, GA, Pamphlett, R, Rowe, DB, Steyn, FJ, Williams, KL, Mather, KA, Sachdev, PS, Henders, AK, Wallace, L, de Carvalho, M, Pinto, S, Petri, S, Weber, M, Rouleau, GA, Silani, V, Curtis, CJ, Breen, G, Glass, JD, Brown, RH, Landers, JE, Shaw, CE, Andersen, PM, Groen, EJN, van Es, MA, Pasterkamp, RJ, Fan, DS, Garton, FC, McRae, AF, Smith, GD, Gaunt, TR, Eberle, MA, Mill, J, McLaughlin, RL, Hardiman, O, Kenna, KP, Wray, NR, Tsai, EL, Runz, H, Franke, L, Al-Chalabi, A, Van Damme, P, van den Berg, LH, Veldink, JH, SLALOM Consortium, PARALS Consortium, SLAGEN Consortium, and SLAP Consortium
Published: 2022

2. Association of apolipoprotein E polymorphisms with normal tension glaucoma in a Chinese population

Author: Baojian Fan, Chiu Lam Ds, Lam Cy, Yung Tham Cc, Chi Pui Pang, Ping Fan Ds, Wang Dy, Tam Po, and Leung Dy
Subjects: Apolipoprotein E, Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Intraocular pressure, genetic structures, Adolescent, Genotype, Apolipoprotein E4, Glaucoma, Polymerase Chain Reaction, symbols.namesake, Apolipoproteins E, Asian People, Polymorphism (computer science), Risk Factors, Normal tension glaucoma, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Allele, Child, Fisher's exact test, Intraocular Pressure, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Polymorphism, Genetic, business.industry, Odds ratio, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, eye diseases, Ophthalmology, Endocrinology, Phenotype, symbols, Hong Kong, Female, sense organs, business, Glaucoma, Open-Angle
Abstract: PURPOSE To evaluate the role of apolipoprotein E (APOE) polymorphisms in primary open angle glaucoma (POAG). METHODS A cohort of 400 unrelated Chinese POAG patients was examined, including 294 cases of high tension glaucoma (HTG) and 106 with normal tension glaucoma (NTG). Also studied were 300 unrelated Chinese control subjects. The genotypes of the APOE polymorphisms in exon 4 and in the promoter at positions -491, -427, and -219 were determined by polymerase chain reaction and restriction endonuclease analysis. Frequencies of the genotypes were compared between patients and controls by chi test or Fisher exact test. The association of APOE polymorphisms with POAG phenotypes including age at diagnosis, intraocular pressure (IOP) at diagnosis, highest IOP, cup-disc ratio, and visual field score was investigated by the Kruskal-Wallis test. RESULTS No significant difference was detected in the frequencies of APOE promoter polymorphisms between POAG patients and control subjects (P>0.0125). For the exon 4 polymorphism, when compared with control subjects, the frequency of epsilon 4 carriers was significantly lower in patients with NTG (P=0.008; odds ratio=0.36, 95% confidence interval=0.17, 0.79) but not in HTG (P=0.07). Compared with -219TT, the -219G carriers had a significant higher age at diagnosis (P=0.0046). No significant association was found between other APOE polymorphisms and POAG phenotypes (P>0.07). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that the APOE epsilon 4 allele confers a protective effect against NTG, whereas the APOE promoter polymorphisms do not contribute to POAG risk. However, the APOE -219G carriers tended to have later-onset POAG.
Published: 2006

3. Sub-Tenon's anesthesia in vitreoretinal surgery: a needleless technique

Author: Van Newkirk Mr, Dennis S.C. Lam, Alvin K.H. Kwok, and Fan Ds
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Visual analogue scale, Analgesic, Hyaluronoglucosaminidase, Eye, Injections, Retinal Diseases, Vitrectomy, medicine, Humans, Prospective Studies, Anesthetics, Local, Prospective cohort study, Aged, Pain Measurement, Aged, 80 and over, business.industry, Codeine, Lidocaine, General Medicine, Vitreoretinal surgery, Middle Aged, Facial nerve, Bupivacaine, Acetaminophen, Surgery, Ophthalmology, Connective Tissue, Anesthesia, Anesthetic, Female, Safety, business, medicine.drug, Anesthesia, Local
Abstract: Purpose To evaluate the safety and efficacy of "needleless" regional anesthesia via the sub-Tenon's route without adjunct facial nerve or subconjunctival block for vitreoretinal surgery. Methods Forty-eight consecutive patients were included and studied prospectively. The number, time, and volume of anesthetic solutions given were recorded. Any complications such as severe intraocular pressure rise or orbital hemorrhage were noted. Within 24 hours after surgery, the patients were asked to grade their level of pain during the procedure using a standard 10-point visual analog scale. The use of postoperative analgesic agents was recorded from the nurses' notes. Patient demography, number of previous vitreoretinal operations, preoperative diagnosis, and operative procedures performed were recorded. Results Thirty-seven (77%) patients needed only one or two infiltrations of anesthetic solution (range 1-5, mean 2.1). Ninety-two percent of patients reported a pain score of 0-2 on the visual analog scale (range 0-5, mean 1.17). Ninety percent of patients required no analgesic or just acetaminophen for the control of postoperative pain. The other patients received a single dose or multiple doses of codeine. All patients had adequate akinesia and anesthesia. No complications were encountered. Conclusion Needleless regional anesthesia appears to be safe and effective and can thus be considered as an alternative method of anesthesia in suitable vitreoretinal cases.
Published: 1999

4. Xylocoside G Reduces Amyloid-[beta] Induced Neurotoxicity by Inhibiting NF-[kappa]B Signaling Pathway in Neuronal Cells.

Author: Yu Y, Zhou L, Sun M, Zhou T, Zhong K, Wang H, Liu Y, Liu X, Xiao R, Ge J, Tu P, Fan DS, Lan Y, Hui C, and Chui D
Published: 2012

5. Boundedness of operators in Morrey spaces on homogeneous spaces and its applications

Author: Fan, Ds, Lu, Sz, and Yang, Dc

6. Gene therapy of Parkinson's disease using adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors

Author: Ozawa, K., Fan, Ds, Shen, Y., Shinichi Muramatsu, Fujimoto, K., Ikeguchi, K., Ogawa, M., Urabe, M., Kume, A., and Nakano, I.

7. Large expert-curated database for benchmarking document similarity detection in biomedical literature search

Author: Zeineb, Zian, Brown, Peter, Tan, Aik-Choon, El-Esawi, Mohamed A., Liehr, Thomas, Blanck, Oliver, Gladue, Douglas P., Almeida, Gabriel M. F., Cernava, Tomislav, Sorzano, Carlos O., Yeung, Andy W. K., Engel, Michael S., Chandrasekaran, Arun Richard, Muth, Thilo, Staege, Martin S., Daulatabad, Swapna V., Widera, Darius, Zhang, Junpeng, Meule, Adrian, Honjo, Ken, Pourret, Olivier, Yin, Cong-Cong, Zhang, Zhongheng, Cascella, Marco, Flegel, Willy A., Goodyear, Carl S., Raaij, Mark J. van, Bukowy-Bieryllo, Zuzanna, Campana, Luca G., Kurniawan, Nicholas A., Lalaouna, David, Hüttner, Felix J., Ammerman, Brooke A., Ehret, Felix, Cobine, Paul A., Tan, Ene-Choo, Han, Hyemin, Xia, Wenfeng, McCrum, Christopher, Dings, Ruud P. M., Marinello, Francesco, Nilsson, Henrik, Nixon, Brett, Voskarides, Konstantinos, Yang, Long, Costa, Vincent D., Bengtsson-Palme, Johan, Bradshaw, William, Grimm, Dominik G., Kumar, Nitin, Martis, Elvis, Prieto, Daniel, Sabnis, Sandeep C., Amer, Said E. D. R., Liew, Alan W. C., Perco, Paul, Rahimi, Farid, Riva, Giuseppe, Zhang, Chongxing, Devkota, Hari P., Ogami, Koichi, Basharat, Zarrin, Fierz, Walter, Siebers, Robert, Tan, Kok-Hian, Boehme, Karen A., Brenneisen, Peter, Brown, James A. L., Dalrymple, Brian P., Harvey, David J., Ng, Grace, Werten, Sebastiaan, Bleackley, Mark, Dai, Zhanwu, Dhariwal, Raman, Gelfer, Yael, Hartmann, Marcus D., Miotla, Pawel, Tamaian, Radu, Govender, Pragashnie, Gurney-Champion, Oliver J., Kauppila, Joonas H., Zhang, Xiaolei, Echeverría, Natalia, Subhash, Santhilal, Sallmon, Hannes, Tofani, Marco, Bae, Taeok, Bosch, Oliver, Cuív, Páraic O., Danchin, Antoine, Diouf, Barthelemy, Eerola, Tuomas, Evangelou, Evangelos, Filipp, Fabian V., Klump, Hannes, Kurgan, Lukasz, Smith, Simon S., Terrier, Olivier, Tuttle, Neil, Ascher, David B., Janga, Sarath C., Schulte, Leon N., Becker, Daniel, Browngardt, Christopher, Bush, Stephen J., Gaullier, Guillaume, Ide, Kazuki, Meseko, Clement, Werner, Gijsbert D. A., Zaucha, Jan, Al-Farha, Abd A., Greenwald, Noah F., Popoola, Segun I., Rahman, Md Shaifur, Xu, Jialin, Yang, Sunny Y., Hiroi, Noboru, Alper, Ozgul M., Baker, Chris I., Bitzer, Michael, Chacko, George, Debrabant, Birgit, Dixon, Ray, Forano, Evelyne, Gilliham, Matthew, Kelly, Sarah, Klempnauer, Karl-Heinz, Lidbury, Brett A., Lin, Michael Z., Lynch, Iseult, Ma, Wujun, Maibach, Edward W., Mather, Diane E., Nandakumar, Kutty S., Ohgami, Robert S., Parchi, Piero, Tressoldi, Patrizio, Xue, Yu, Armitage, Charles, Barraud, Pierre, Chatzitheochari, Stella, Coelho, Luis P., Diao, Jiajie, Doxey, Andrew C., Hu, Pingzhao, Kaiser, Stefan, Mitchell, Kate M., Salama, Mohamed F., Shabalin, Ivan G., Song, Haijun, Stevanovic, Dejan, Yadollahpour, Ali, Zeng, Erliang, Zinke, Katharina, Alimba, C. G., Beyene, Tariku J., Cao, Zehong, Chan, Sherwin S., Gatchell, Michael, Kleppe, Andreas, Piotrowski, Marcin, Torga, Gonzalo, Woldesemayat, Adugna A., Cosacak, Mehmet I., Haston, Scott, Ross, Stephanie A., Williams, Richard, Wong, Alvin, Abramowitz, Matthew K., Effiong, Andem, Lee, Senhong, Abid, Muhammad Bilal, Agarabi, Cyrus, Alaux, Cedric, Albrecht, Dirk R., Atkins, Gerald J., Beck, Charles R., Bonvin, A. M. J. J., Bourke, Emer, Brand, Thomas, Braun, Ralf J., Bull, James A., Cardoso, Pedro, Carter, Dee, Delahay, Robin M., Ducommun, Bernard, Duijf, Pascal H. G., Epp, Trevor, Eskelinen, Eeva-Liisa, Fallah, Mazyar, Farber, Debora B., Fernandez-Triana, Jose, Feyerabend, Frank, Florio, Tullio, Friebe, Michael, Furuta, Saori, Gabrielsen, Mads, Gruber, Jens, Grybos, Malgorzata, Han, Qian, Heinrich, Michael, Helanterä, Heikki, Huber, Michael, Jeltsch, Albert, Jiang, Fan, Josse, Claire, Jurman, Giuseppe, Kamiya, Haruyuki, Keersmaecker, Kim de, Kristiansson, Erik, Leeuw, Frank-Erik de, Li, Jiuyong, Liang, Shide, Lopez-Escamez, Jose A., Lopez-Ruiz, Francisco J., Marchbank, Kevin J., Marschalek, Rolf, Martín, Carmen S., Miele, Adriana E., Montagutelli, Xavier, Morcillo, Esteban, Nicoletti, Rosario, Niehof, Monika, O’Toole, Ronan, Ohtomo, Toshihiko, Oster, Henrik, Palma, Jose-Alberto, Paterson, Russell, Peifer, Mark, Portilla, Maribel, Portillo, M. C., Pritchard, Antonia L., Pusch, Stefan, Raghava, Gajendra P. S., Roberts, Nicola J., Ross, Kehinde, Schuele, Birgitt, Sergeant, Kjell, Shen, Jun, Stella, Alessandro, Sukocheva, Olga, Uversky, Vladimir N., Vanneste, Sven, Villet, Martin H., Viveiros, Miguel, Vorholt, Julia A., Weinstock, Christof, Yamato, Masayuki, Zabetakis, Ioannis, Zhao, Xin, Ziegler, Andreas, Aizat, Wan M., Atlas, Lauren, Bridges, Kristina M., Chakraborty, Sayan, Deschodt, Mieke, Domingues, Helena S., Esfahlani, Shabnam S., Falk, Sebastian, Guisado, J. L., Kane, Nolan C., Kueberuwa, Gray, Lau, Colleen L., Liang, Dai, Liu, Enwu, Luu, Andreas M., Ma, Chuang, Ma, Lisong, Moyer, Robert, Norris, Adam D., Panthee, Suresh, Parsons, Jerod R., Peng, Yousong, Pinto, Inês Mendes, Reschke, Cristina R., Sillanpää, Elina, Stewart, Christopher J., Uhle, Florian, Yang, Hui, Zhou, Kai, Zhu, Shu, Ashry, Mohamed, Bergsland, Niels, Berthold, Maximilian, Chen, Chang-Er, Colella, Vito, Cuypers, Maarten, Eskew, Evan A., Fan, Xiao, Gajda, Maksymilian, Gonzálezlez-Prendes, Rayner, Goodin, Amie, Graham, Emily B., Groen, Ewout J. N., Gutiérrez-Sacristán, Alba, Habes, Mohamad, Heffler, Enrico, Higginbottom, Daniel B., Janzen, Thijs, Jayaraman, Jayakumar, Jibb, Lindsay A., Jongen, Stefan, Kinyanjui, Timothy, Koleva-Kolarova, Rositsa G., Li, Zhixiu, Liu, Yu-Peng, Lund, Bjarte A., Lussier, Alexandre A., Ma, Liping, Mier, Pablo, Moore, Matthew D., Nagler, Katja, Orme, Mark W., Pearson, James A., Prajapati, Anilkumar S., Saito, Yu, Tröder, Simon E., Uchendu, Florence, Verloh, Niklas, Voutchkova, Denitza D., Abu-Zaid, Ahmed, Bakkach, Joaira, Baumert, Philipp, Dono, Marcos, Hanson, Jack, Herbelet, Sandrine, Hobbs, Emma, Kulkarni, Ameya, Kumar, Narendra, Liu, Siqi, Loft, Nikolai D., Reddan, Tristan, Senghore, Thomas, Vindin, Howard, Xu, Haotian, Bannon, Ross, Chen, Branson, Cheung, Johnny T. K., Cooper, Jeffrey, Esnakula, Ashwini K., Feghali, Karine A., Ghelardi, Emilia, Gnasso, Agostino, Horbar, Jeffrey, Lai, Hei M., Li, Jian, Ma, Lan, Ma, Ruiyan, Pan, Zihang, Peres, Marco A., Pranata, Raymond, Seow, Esmond, Sydes, Matthew, Testoni, Ines, Westermair, Anna L., Yang, Yongliang, Afnan, Masoud, Albiol, Joan, Albuquerque, Lucia G., Amiya, Eisuke, Amorim, Rogerio M., An, Qianli, Andersen, Stig U., Aplin, John D., Argyropoulos, Christos, Asmann, Yan W., Assaeed, Abdulaziz M., Atanasov, Atanas G., Atchison, David A., Avery, Simon V., Avillach, Paul, Baade, Peter D., Backman, Lars, Badie, Christophe, Baldi, Alfonso, Ball, Elizabeth, Bardot, Olivier, Barnett, Adrian G., Basner, Mathias, Batra, Jyotsna, Bazanova, O. M., Beale, Andrew, Beddoe, Travis, Bell, Melanie L., Berezikov, Eugene, Berners-Price, Sue, Bernhardt, Peter, Berry, Edward, Bessa, Theolis B., Billington, Craig, Birch, John, Blakely, Randy D., Blaskovich, Mark A. T., Blum, Robert, Boelaert, Marleen, Bogdanos, Dimitrios, Bosch, Carles, Bourgoin, Thierry, Bouvard, Daniel, Boykin, Laura M., Bradley, Graeme, Braun, Daniel, Brownlie, Jeremy, Brühl, Albert, Burt, Austin, Butler, Lisa M., Byrareddy, Siddappa N., Byrne, Hugh J., Cabantous, Stephanie, Calatayud, Sara, Candal, Eva, Carlson, Kimberly, Casillas, Sònia, Castelvetro, Valter, Caswell, Patrick T., Cavalli, Giacomo, Cerovsky, Vaclav, Chagoyen, Monica, Chen, Chang-Shi, Chen, Dong F., Chen, Hao, Chen, Hui, Chen, Jui-Tung, Chen, Yinglong, Cheng, Changxiu, Cheng, Jianlin, Chinapaw, Mai, Chinopoulos, Christos, Cho, William C. S., Chong, Lillian, Chowdhury, Debashish, Chwalibog, Andre, Ciresi, A., Cockcroft, Shamshad, Conesa, Ana, Cook, Penny A., Cooper, David N., Coqueret, Olivier, Corea, Enoka M., Costa, Elisio, Coupland, Carol, Crawford, Stephanie Y., Cruz, Aparecido D., Cui, Huijuan, Cui, Qiang, Culver, David C., D’Angiulli, Amedeo, Dahms, Tanya E. S., Daigle, France, Dalgleish, Raymond, Danielsen, Håvard E., Darras, Sébastien, Davidson, Sean M., Day, David A., Degirmenci, Volkan, Demaison, Luc, Devriendt, Koenraad, Ding, Jiandong, Dogan, Yunus, Dong, X. C., Donner, Claudio F., Dressick, Walter, Drevon, Christian A., Duan, Huiling, Ducho, Christian, Dumaz, Nicolas, Dwarakanath, Bilikere S., Ebell, Mark H., Eisenhardt, Steffen, Elkum, Naser, Engel, Nadja, Erickson, Timothy B., Fairhead, Michael, Faville, Marty J., Fejzo, Marlena S., Festa, Fernanda, Feteira, Antonio, Flood-Page, Patrick, Forsayeth, John, Fox, Simon A., Franks, Steven J., Frentiu, Francesca D., Frilander, Mikko J., Fu, Xinmiao, Fujita, Satoshi, Galea, Ian, Galluzzi, Luca, Gani, Federica, Ganpule, Arvind P., García-Alix, Antonio, Gedye, Kristene, Giordano, Maurizio, Giunta, Cecilia, Gleeson, Paul A., Goarant, Cyrille, Gong, Haipeng, Gora, Diop, Gough, Michael J., Goyal, Ravinder, Graham, Kathryn E., Grande-Pérez, Ana, Graves, Patricia M., Greidanus, Harm, Grice, Darren, Grunau, Christoph, Gumulya, Yosephine, Guo, Yabin, Gurevich, Vsevolod V., Gusev, Oleg, Hacker, Elke, Hage, Steffen R., Hagen, Guy, Hahn, Steven, Haller, Dagmar M., Hammerschmidt, Sven, Han, Jianwei, Han, Renzhi, Handfield, Martin, Hapuarachchi, Hapuarachchige C., Harder, Timm, Hardingham, Jennifer E., Heck, Michelle, Heers, Marcel, Hew, Khe F., Higuchi, Yohei, Hilaire, Cynthia St, Hilton, Rachel, Hodzic, Enisa, Hone, Andrew, Hongoh, Yuichi, Hu, Guoku, Huber, Heinz P., Hueso, Luis E., Huirne, Judith, Hurt, Lisa, Idborg, Helena, Ikeo, Kazuho, Ingley, Evan, Jakeman, Philip M., Jensen, Arne, Jia, Hong, Jia, Husen, Jia, Shuqin, Jiang, Jianping, Jiang, Xingyu, Jin, Yi, Jo, Daehyun, Johnson, Andrew M., Johnston, Marie, Jonscher, Karen R., Jorens, Philippe G., Jorgensen, Jens O. L., Joubert, Johan W., Jung, Sin-Ho, Junior, Antonio M., Kahan, Thomas, Kamboj, Sunjeev K., Kang, Yong-Kook, Karamanos, Yannis, Karp, Natasha A., Kelly, Ryan, Kenna, Ralph, Kennedy, Jonathan, Kersten, Birgit, Khalaf, Roy A., Khalid, Javaria M., Khatlani, T., Khider, Tarig, Kijanka, Gregor S., King, Sarah R. B., Kluz, Tomasz, Knox, Paul, Kobayashi, Tatsuya, Koch, Karl-Wilhelm, Kohonen-Corish, Maija R. J., Kong, Xiangpeng, Konkle-Parker, Deborah, Korpela, Kalevi M., Kostrikis, Leondios G., Kraiczy, Peter, Kratz, Harald, Krause, Günter, Krebsbach, Paul H., Kristensen, Søren R., Kumari, Prerna, Kunimatsu, Akira, Kurdak, Hatice, Kwon, Young D., Lachat, Carl, Lagisz, Malgorzata, Laky, Brenda, Lammerding, Jan, Lange, Matthias, Larrosa, Mar, Laslett, Andrew L., LeClair, Elizabeth E., Lee, Kyung-Woo, Lee, Ming-Yih, Lee, Moon-Soo, Li, Genyuan, Li, Jiansheng, Lieb, Klaus, Lim, Yau Y., Lindsey, Merry L., Line, Paul-Dag, Liu, Dengcai, Liu, Fengbin, Liu, Haiyan, Liu, Hongde, Lloyd, Vett K., Lo, Te-Wen, Locci, Emanuela, Loidl, Josef, Lorenzen, Johan, Lorkowski, Stefan, Lovell, Nigel H., Lu, Hua, Lu, Wei, Lu, Zhiyong, Luengo, Gustavo S., Lundh, Lars-Gunnar, Lysy, Philippe A., Mabb, Angela, Mack, Heather G., Mackey, David A., Mahdavi, S. R., Maher, Pamela, Maher, Toby, Maity, Sankar N., Malgrange, Brigitte, Mamoulakis, Charalampos, Mangoni, Arduino A., Manke, Thomas, Manstead, Antony S. R., Mantalaris, Athanasios, Marsal, Jan, Marschall, Hanns-Ulrich, Martin, Francis L., Martinez-Raga, Jose, Martinez-Salas, Encarnacion, Mathieu, Daniel, Matsui, Yoichi, Maza, Elie, McCutcheon, James E., McKay, Gareth J., McMillan, Brian, McMillan, Nigel, Meads, Catherine, Medina, Loreta, Merrick, B. Alex, Metzger, Dennis W., Meunier, Frederic A., Michaelis, Martin, Micheau, Olivier, Mihara, Hisaaki, Mintz, Eric M., Mizukami, Takuo, Moalic, Yann, Mohapatra, D. P., Monteiro, Antonia, Montes, Matthieu, Moran, John V., Morozov, Sergey Y., Mort, Matthew, Murai, Noriyuki, Murphy, Denis J., Murphy, Susan K., Murray, Shauna A., Naganawa, Shinji, Nammi, Srinivas, Nasios, Grigorios, Natoli, Roman M., Nguyen, Frederique, Nicol, Christine, Nieuwerburgh, Filip van, Nilsen, Erlend B., Nobile, Clarissa J., O’Mahony, Margaret, Ohlsson, Sophie, Olatunbosun, Oluremi, Olofsson, Per, Ortiz, Alberto, Ostrikov, Kostya, Otto, Siegmar, Outeiro, Tiago F., Ouyang, Songying, Paganoni, Sabrina, Page, Andrew, Palm, Christoph, Paradies, Yin, Parsons, Michael H., Parsons, Nick, Pascal, Pigny, Paul, Elisabeth, Peckham, Michelle, Pedemonte, Nicoletta, Pellizzon, Michael A., Petrelli, M., Pichugin, Alexander, Pinto, Carlos J. C., Plevris, John N., Pollesello, Piero, Polz, Martin, Ponti, Giovanna, Porcelli, Piero, Prince, Martin, Quinn, Gwendolyn P., Quinn, Terence J., Ramula, Satu, Rappsilber, Juri, Rehfeldt, Florian, Reiling, Jan H., Remacle, Claire, Rezaei, Mohsen, Riddick, Eric W., Ritter, Uwe, Roach, Neil W., Roberts, David D., Robles, Guillermo, Rodrigues, Tiago, Rodriguez, Cesar, Roislien, Jo, Roobol, Monique J., Rowe, J. Alexandra, Ruepp, Andreas, Ruitenbeek, Jan van, Rust, Petra, Saad, Sonia, Sack, George H., Santos, Manuela, Saudemont, Aurore, Sava, Gianni, Schrading, Simone, Schramm, Alexander, Schreiber, Martin, Schuler, Sidney, Schymkowitz, Joost, Sczyrba, Alexander, Seib, Kate L., Shi, Han-Ping, Shimada, Tomohiro, Shin, Jeon-Soo, Shortt, Colette, Silveyra, Patricia, Skinner, Debra, Small, Ian, Smeets, Paul A. 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Mechanisms, Pediatric surgery, APH - Methodology, ACS - Atherosclerosis & ischemic syndromes, RELISH Consortium [Member of the MPIB: Lucas Molleman], Kostrikis, Leondios G. 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Biol, Duy Tan Univ, Henan Agr Univ, Beijing Inst Microbiol & Epidemiol, Minist Hlth, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz Univ, Univ Auckland, Osped Niguarda Ca Granda, Univ Vet Med, Univ Saskatchewan, Univ Coimbra, South Cent High Specialty Hosp, Wageningen Bioveterinary Res, Guangdong Second Prov Gen Hosp, Hiroshima Univ, Univ Iceland, Kathmandu Univ, Fraunhofer MEVIS, Univ Tehran Med Sci, Univ Messina, AO Papardo Hosp Messina, Univ Stirling, Saveh Univ Med Sci, Gakujutsu Shien Co Ltd, Univ Plymouth, CHU Toulouse, Azorean Biodivers Grp, Univ Acores, Univ Malawi, Bioself Commun, Ahmadu Bello Univ, Dalhousie Univ, VisMederi Srl, Amer Univ Beirut, Mechnikov Res Inst Vaccines & Sera, Vreden Russian Res Inst Traumatol & Orthopaed, Hangzhou Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Kaohsiung Med Univ, Zoetis, Aintree Univ Hosp NHS Fdn Trust, Wrightington Hosp, Loyola Univ, Atkins Vet Serv, Kangwon Natl Univ, Kakatiya Med Coll, Univ Antioquia, IISER, Univ Rosario, Univ Hosp Basel, Univ Hosp Munster, Univ Kentucky, Univ Calif Irvine, Univ Hosp Leuven, Chongqing Med Univ, Childrens Hosp Kings Daughters, China Three Gorges Univ, and Xiangtan Univ
Subjects: Technology and Engineering, SCIENTIFIC SEARCH, Expert-curated database, Biokemia, solu- ja molekyylibiologia - Biochemistry, cell and molecular biology, Databases, RElevant LIterature SearcH consortium, Medicine and Health Sciences, Biomedical research, benchmarking, Biology, GeneralLiterature_REFERENCE(e.g.,dictionaries,encyclopedias,glossaries), Settore MED/42 - IGIENE GENERALE E APPLICATA, database, Computer. Automation, Science & Technology, 0804 Data Format, relisch, Scientific research in health sciences, Mathematics and Statistics, litearture search, relisch , database, biomedical research, Biomedical literature, Original Article, RELISH, Mathematical & Computational Biology, RECOMMENDER-SYSTEMS, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Mathematics, 0807 Library and Information Studies
Abstract: Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-11T01:57:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2019-10-29 Griffith University Gowonda HPC Cluster Queensland Cyber Infrastructure Foundation Document recommendation systems for locating relevant literature have mostly relied on methods developed a decade ago. This is largely due to the lack of a large offline gold-standard benchmark of relevant documents that cover a variety of research fields such that newly developed literature search techniques can be compared, improved and translated into practice. To overcome this bottleneck, we have established the RElevant LIterature SearcH consortium consisting of more than 1500 scientists from 84 countries, who have collectively annotated the relevance of over 180 000 PubMed-listed articles with regard to their respective seed (input) article/s. The majority of annotations were contributed by highly experienced, original authors of the seed articles. The collected data cover 76% of all unique PubMed Medical Subject Headings descriptors. No systematic biases were observed across different experience levels, research fields or time spent on annotations. More importantly, annotations of the same document pairs contributed by different scientists were highly concordant. We further show that the three representative baseline methods used to generate recommended articles for evaluation (Okapi Best Matching 25, Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency and PubMed Related Articles) had similar overall performances. Additionally, we found that these methods each tend to produce distinct collections of recommended articles, suggesting that a hybrid method may be required to completely capture all relevant articles. The established database server located at https://relishdb.ict.griffith.edu.au is freely available for the downloading of annotation data and the blind testing of new methods. We expect that this benchmark will be useful for stimulating the development of new powerful techniques for title and title/abstract-based search engines for relevant articles in biomedical research. 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Biodiversite ISYEB, MNHN,CNRS,UMR 7205,EPHE, Paris, France CNRS, Inst Adv Biosci, Paris, France Univ Western Australia, Sch Mol Sci, Perth, WA, Australia Univ Ft Hare, Biochem & Microbiol, Alice, South Africa Univ Tubingen, Phys, Tubingen, Germany Griffith Univ, Sch Environm & Sci, Brisbane, Qld, Australia Philosoph Theol Hsch Vallendar, Stat & Standardised Methods, Vallendar, Germany Imperial Coll London, Life Sci, London, England Univ Adelaide, Adelaide Med Sch, Adelaide, SA, Australia Univ Nebraska Med Ctr, Dept Pharmacol & Expt Neurosci, Omaha, NE USA Technol Univ Dublin, FOCAS Res Inst, Dublin, Ireland INSERM, Natl Inst Hlth & Med Res, Canc Res Ctr Toulouse, Paris, France Univ Santiago de Compostela, Dept Bioloxia Func, Grp BRAINSHARK, Galiza, Spain Univ Nebraska, Biol, Kearney, NE USA Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Dept Genet & Microbiol, Barcelona, Spain Univ Pisa, Chem & Ind Chem, Pisa, Italy Univ Manchester, Wellcome Trust Ctr Cell Matrix Res, Manchester, Lancs, England Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Inst Human Genet, Montpellier, France Czech Acad Sci, Inst Organ Chem & Biochem, Prague, Czech Republic CSIC, Natl Ctr Biotechnol CNB, Computat Syst Biol Grp, Madrid, Spain Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Tainan, Taiwan Harvard Med Sch, Schepens Eye Res Inst, Ophthalmol, Boston, MA 02115 USA Lanzhou Univ, Hosp 2, Dept Gen Surg, Lanzhou, Gansu, Peoples R China Univ Technol Sydney, Sch Life Sci, Sydney, NSW, Australia JT Chen Clin, Gynecol, Tokyo, Japan Univ Western Australia, Sch Agr & Environm, Perth, WA, Australia Beijing Normal Univ, Fac Geog Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China Univ Missouri, Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Columbia, MO USA Vrije Univ Amsterdam Med Ctr, Amsterdam Publ Hlth Res Inst, Dept Publ & Occupat Hlth, Amsterdam, Netherlands Semmelweis Univ, Med Biochem, Budapest, Hungary Queen Elizabeth Hosp, Dept Clin Oncol, Hong Kong, Peoples R China Univ Pittsburgh, Chem, Pittsburgh, PA USA GB Pant Inst Post Grad Med Educ & Res, Neurol, New Delhi, India 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Microbiolgy, Montreal, PQ, Canada Univ Leicester, Dept Genet & Genome Biol, Leicester, Leics, England Univ Queensland, Sch Agr & Food Sci, Gatton, Qld, Australia CNRS, BIOM, Paris, France UCL, Hatter Cardiovasc Inst, London, England Flinders Univ S Australia, Sci & Engn, Adelaide, SA, Australia Univ Warwick, Engn, Coventry, W Midlands, England Katholieke Univ Leuven, Ctr Human Genet, Leuven, Belgium Fudan Univ, Dept Macromol Sci, Shanghai, Peoples R China Dokuz Eylul Univ, Biol Educ, Izmir, Turkey Indiana Univ Sch Med, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA Mondo Med, Pulm Dis, Borgomanero, Italy US Naval, Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC USA Univ Oslo, Inst Basic Med Sci, Dept Nutr, Oslo, Norway Peking Univ, Dept Mech & Engn Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China Saarland Univ, Dept Pharm Pharmaceut & Med Chem, Saarbrucken, Germany INSERM, Natl Inst Hlth & Med Res, Skin Res Inst, Paris, France Shanghai Proton & Heavy Ion Ctr, Res & Dev, Shanghai, Peoples R China 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Fac Med, Clin & Expt Sci, Southampton, Hants, England Univ Urbino, Dept Biomol Sci, Urbino, Italy Osped San Luigi, Allergol Unit, Turin, Italy Muljibhai Patel Urol Hosp, Dept Urol, Nadiad, Gujarat, India Univ Granada, Stratig & Paleontol, Granada, Spain Massey Univ, Sch Vet Sci, Auckland, New Zealand CNR, High Performance Comp & Networking Inst, Naples, Italy Univ Childrens Hosp Zurich, Div Metab, Zurich, Switzerland Univ Childrens Hosp Zurich, Childrens Res Ctr, Zurich, Switzerland Univ Melbourne, Biochem & Mol Biol, Parkville, Vic, Australia Inst Pasteur, Leptospirosis Res & Expertise Unit, Noumea, New Caledonia Tsinghua Univ, Sch Life Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China Cheikh Anta Diop Univ UCAD, Sci Fac, Biol Anim Dept, Dakar, Senegal Providence Portland Med Ctr, Earle A Chiles Res Inst, Portland, OR USA Agr & Agri Food Canada, Lacombe Res & Dev Ctr, Lacombe, AB, Canada Alberta Innovates, Performance Management & Evaluat, Edmonton, AB, Canada Univ Malaga, CSIC, Inst Hortofruticultura Subtrop Mediterranea La Ma, IHSM,UMA, Malaga, Spain James Cook Univ, Coll Publ Hlth Med & Vet Sci, Cairns, Qld, Australia European Commiss, Joint Res Ctr, Ispra, Italy Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France CSIRO, Floreat, WA, Australia Sun Yat Sen Univ, Sun Yat Sen Mem Hosp, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples R China Vanderbilt Univ, Pharmacol, 221 Kirkland Hall, Nashville, TN 37235 USA RIKEN, KFU RIKEN Translat Genom Unit, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan Univ Tubingen, Neurobiol Vocal Commun, Tubingen, Germany Univ Colorado, UCCS Ctr Biofrontiers Inst, Colorado Springs, CO 80907 USA Fred Hutchinson Canc Ctr, Div Basic Sci, Seattle, WA USA Univ Geneva, Fac Med, Primary Care Unit, Geneva, Switzerland Ernst Moritz Arndt Univ Greifswald, Dept Mol Genet & Infect Biol, Greifswald, Germany East China Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Fine Chem, Shanghai, Peoples R China Ohio State Univ, Surg, Columbus, OH 43210 USA Oragenics, R&D, Tampa, FL USA Natl Environm Agcy, Environm Hlth Inst, Singapore, Singapore Friedrich Loeffler Inst, Inst Diagnost Virol, Greifswald, Germany Queen Elizabeth Hosp, Oncol, Woodville, SA, Australia USDA, Emerging Pests & Pathogens Res Unit, Ithaca, NY USA Univ Freiburg, Med Ctr, Dept Neurosurg, Epilepsy Ctr, Freiburg, Germany Univ Hong Kong, Fac Educ, Informat & Technol Studies, Hong Kong, Peoples R China Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Agr & life Sci, Agr & Environm Biol, Tokyo, Japan Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Med, Pittsburgh Heart Lung & Blood Vasc Med Inst, Pittsburgh, PA USA Guys & St Thomas NHS Fdn Trust, Directorate Transplant Renal & Urol, London, England Univ Sarajevo, Clin Ctr, Clin Heart Blood Vessel & Rheumat Dis, Sarajevo, Bosnia & Herceg Univ Kent, Sch Math Stat & Actuarial Sci, Canterbury, Kent, England Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Life Sci & Technol, Tokyo, Japan Univ Appl Sci Munich, Laser Ctr Dept Appl Sci & Mechatron, Munich, Germany CIC NanoGUNE, Nanodevices, San Sebastian, Spain Vrije Univ Amsterdam Med Ctr, Gynaecol, Amsterdam, Netherlands Cardiff Univ, Med Sch, Div Populat Med, Cardiff, S Glam, Wales Karolinska Inst, Dept Med, Solna, Sweden Natl Inst Genet, Ctr Informat Biol, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan Murdoch Univ, Harry Perkins Inst Med Res, Perth, WA, Australia Univ Limerick, Phys Educ & Sport Sci, Limerick, Ireland Ruhr Univ Bochum, Campus Clin Gynecol, Univ Str, Bochum, Germany Southwest Med Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Epidemiol & Biostat, Luzhou, Sichuan, Peoples R China Beijing Canc Hosp, Minist Educ Beijing, Key Lab Carcinogenesis & Translat Res, Ctr Mol Diagnost, Beijing, Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci, Chengdu Inst Biol, Herpetol Dept, Chengdu, Sichuan, Peoples R China Key Lab Nano Biol Effects & Safety, Beijing, Peoples R China NIBR, PK Sci, Basel, Switzerland Daejeon St Marys Hosp, Pain Ctr, Daejeon, South Korea Univ Western Ontario, Sch Hlth Studies, London, ON, Canada Univ Aberdeen, Hlth Psychol Grp, Aberdeen, Scotland Univ Colorado, Anesthesiol, Anschutz Med Campus, Boulder, CO 80309 USA Univ Antwerp, UZA Antwerp Univ Hosp, Crit 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Res Ctr, Stem Cell & Regenerat Med, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia Univ Bahri, Ind Pulp & Paper, Khartoum, Sudan Univ Queensland, Mater Med Res Inst, Mater Res Inst, Brisbane, Qld, Australia Colorado State Univ, NREL, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA Rzeszow Univ Hosp, Ob Gyn Dept, Rzeszow, Poland Univ Leeds, Fac Biol Sci, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Endocrine Unit, Boston, MA 02114 USA Carl von Ossietzky Univ Oldenburg, Neurosci, Oldenburg, Germany UNSW, St George & Sutherland Clin Sch, Microbiome Res Ctr, Sydney, NSW, Australia NYU, Sch Med, Dept Biochem, New York, NY 10016 USA NYU, Sch Med, Dept Mol Pharmacol, New York, NY USA Univ Mississippi, Med Ctr, Med Infect Dis, Jackson, MS 39216 USA Tampere Univ, Fac Social Sci Psychol, Tampere, Finland Univ Cyprus, Dept Biol Sci, Nicosia, Cyprus Goethe Univ, Inst Med Microbiol & Infect Control, Frankfurt, Germany Charite Med Univ Berlin, Inst Radiol, Berlin, Germany Univ Cologne, Univ Hosp Cologne, Internal Med 1, Cologne, Germany Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Dent, Sect Periodont, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA Aalborg Univ Hosp, Dept Clin Biochem, Aalborg, Denmark Manipal Acad Higher Educ, Pharm Practice, Manipal, Karnataka, India Univ Tokyo, Inst Med Sci, Dept Radiol, Tokyo, Japan Cukurova Univ, Family Med, Fac Med, Adana, Turkey Catholic Univ Korea, Coll Med, Dept Humanities & Social Med, Seoul, South Korea Univ Ghent, Food Technol Safety & Hlth, Ghent, Belgium UNSW Sydney, Sch Biol Earth & Environm Sci BEES, Sydney, NSW, Australia St Vincent Shoulder & Sports Clin, Res Unit, Vienna, Austria Cornell Univ, Biomed Engn, Ithaca, NY USA Leibniz Inst Plant Genet & Crop Plant Res IPK, Res Grp Bioinformat & Informat Technol, Gatersleben, Germany Univ Europea Madrid, Sch Doctoral Studies, Madrid, Spain CSIRO Mfg, Biomed Mfg, Melbourne, Vic, Australia Depaul Univ, Biol Sci, Chicago, IL 60604 USA Konkuk Univ, Dept Anim Sci & Technol, Seoul, South Korea Chang Gung Univ, Grad Inst Med Mechatron, Taoyuan, Taiwan Korea Univ, Coll Med, Psychiat, Seoul, South Korea Princeton Univ, Chem, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA Henan Univ Chinese Med, Henan Key Lab Chinese Med Resp Dis, Zhengzhou, Henan, Peoples R China Univ Med Ctr Mainz, Dept Psychiat & Psychotherapy, Mainz, Germany Monash Univ Malaysia, Sch Sci, Selangor, Malaysia Univ Mississippi, Med Ctr, Physiol & Biophys, Jackson, MS 39216 USA Univ Oslo, Dept Transplantat Med, Oslo, Norway Sichuan Agr Univ, Triticeae Res Inst, Yaan, Sichuan, Peoples R China Guangzhou Univ Chinese Med, Gastroenterol, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples R China Southeast Univ, Sch Biol Sci & Med Engn, Suzhou, Jiangsu, Peoples R China Mt Allison Univ, Biol, Sackville, NB, Canada Ithaca Coll, Biol, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA Univ Cagliari, Dept Med Sci & Publ Hlth, Monserrato, Italy Univ Vienna, Chromosome Biol, Vienna, Austria Univ Zurich, Nephrol, Zurich, Switzerland Friedrich Schiller Univ, Inst Nutr Sci, Jena, Germany UNSW Sydney, Grad Sch Biomed Engn, Sydney, NSW, Australia Tulane Univ, Sch Med, Biochem & Mol Biol, 1430 Tulane Ave, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA NINDS, NIH, Bldg 36,Rm 4D04, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA NIH, NCBI, Natl Lib Med, Bldg 10, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA LOreal Res & Innovat, Aulnay Sous Bois, France Lund Univ, Dept Psychol, Malmo, Sweden Catholic Univ Louvain, Inst Rech Expt & Clin, Brussels, Belgium Georgia State Univ, Neurosci Inst, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA Univ Melbourne, Ophthalmol, Surg, Parkville, Vic, Australia Univ Western Australia, Ctr Ophthalmol & Visual Sci, Perth, WA, Australia Iran Univ Med Sci, Med Phys, Fac Med, Tehran, Iran Salk Inst Biol Studies, Cellular Neurobiol, La Jolla, CA USA Imperial Coll London, Fibrosis Res Grp, London, England Univ Texas MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Genitourinary Med Oncol, Houston, TX 77030 USA Univ Liege, GIGA Neurosci, Liege, Belgium Univ Crete, Sch Med, Urol, Iraklion, Greece Flinders Univ S Australia, Flinders Med Ctr, Dept Clin Pharmacol, Adelaide, SA, Australia Max Planck Inst Immunobiol & Epigenet, Bioinformat, Breisgau, Germany Cardiff Univ, Sch Psychol, Cardiff, S Glam, Wales Imperial Coll London, Chem Engn, London, England Lund Univ, Skane Univ Hosp, Clin Sci, Malmo, Sweden Sahlgrens Acad, Inst Clin Sci, Dept Mol & Clin Med, Gothenburg, Sweden Univ Cent Lancashire, Sch Pharm & Biomed Sci, Preston, Lancs, England Hosp Univ Doctor Peset, Psychiat & Clin Psychol, Valencia, Spain Ctr Biol Mol Severo Ochoa, Genome Dynam & Funct, Madrid, Spain Unvivers Hosp Lille, Dept Intens Care, Lille, France Kansai Med Univ, Surg, Osaka, Japan Univ Toulouse, Inst Natl Polytech Toulouse, Ecole Natl Super Agron Toulouse, Lab Genom & Biotechnol Fruit, Toulouse, France UiT Arctic Univ Norway, Inst Psychol, Tromsto, Norway Queens Univ, Ctr Publ Hlth, Belfast, Antrim, North Ireland Univ Manchester, Ctr Primary Care & Hlth Serv Res, Manchester, Lancs, England Griffith Univ, Menzies Hlth Inst, Gold Coast, Qld, Australia Anglia Ruskin Univ, FHSCE, Cambridge, England Univ Lleida, Dept Expt Med, Lleida, Spain NIEHS, Biomol Screening Branch, Div Natl Toxicol Program, POB 12233, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA Albany Med Coll, Immunol & Microbial Dis, Albany, NY 12208 USA Univ Queensland, Queensland Brain Inst, Brisbane, Qld, Australia Univ Kent, Sch Biosci, Canterbury, Kent, England Univ Bourgogne Franche Comte, INSERM, LNC, UMR 1231, Besancon, France Ritsumeikan Univ, Coll Life Sci, Dept Biotechnol, Shiga, Japan Kent State Univ, Biol Sci, Kent, OH 44242 USA Natl Inst Infect Dis, Dept Safety Res Blood & Biol Prod, Tokyo, Japan European Inst Marine Studies, Lab Microbiol Extreme Environm, Plouzane, France Univ Iowa, Dept Pharmacol, Roy J & Lucille A Carver Coll Med, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA Natl Univ Singapore, Biol Sci, Singapore, Singapore Conservatoire Natl Arts & Metiers, Lab GBA, EA4627, Paris, France Univ Michigan, Dept Human Genet, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA Lomonosov Moscow State Univ, Belozersky Inst Physicochem Biol, Moscow, Russia Jikei Univ, Sch Med, Dept Mol Biol, Tokyo, Japan Univ South Wales, Genom & Computat Biol, Treforest, Wales Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Obstet & Gynecol, Durham, NC USA Univ Technol Sydney, Climate Change Cluster, Sydney, NSW, Australia Nagoya Univ, Grad Sch Med, Dept Radiol, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan Western Sydney Univ, Sch Sci & Hlth, Sydney, NSW, Australia TEI Epirus, Dept Speech & Language Therapy, Ioannina, Greece Indiana Univ Purdue Univ, Orthopaed Surg, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA Oniris, Vet Pathol, Nantes, France Royal Vet Coll, Pathobiol & Populat Sci, Hatfield, Herts, England Univ Ghent, Lab Pharmaceut Biotechnol, Ghent, Belgium Norwegian Inst Nat Res, Terr Ecol, Trondheim, Norway Univ Calif Merced, Mol & Cell Biol, Merced, CA USA Univ Dublin, Trinity Coll Dublin, Sch Engn, Ctr Transport Res, Dublin, Ireland Lund Univ, Inst Clin Sci, Nephrol, Malmo, Sweden Univ Birmingham, Mech Engn, Birmingham, W Midlands, England Lund Univ, Inst Clin Sci, OB GYN, Lund, Sweden Fdn Jimenez Diaz Hosp, Nephrol & Hypertens, Madrid, Spain Queensland Univ Technol, Sch Chem Phys & Mech Engn, Brisbane, Qld, Australia Otto von Guericke Univ, Psychol, Magdeburg, Germany Univ Med Ctr Gottingen, Dept Expt Neurodegenerat, Gottingen, Germany Harvard Med Sch, Spaulding Rehabil Hosp, Phys Med & Rehabil, Boston, MA 02115 USA Quadram Inst Biosci, Sci Operat, Norwich, Norfolk, England Ostbayer Tech Hsch Regensburg OTH Regensburg, Regensburg Med Image Comp ReMIC, Regensburg, Germany Deakin Univ, Fac Arts & Educ, Melbourne, Vic, Australia Univ Warwick, Warwick Med Sch, Coventry, W Midlands, England INSERM, Natl Inst Hlth & Med Res, Biochem & Mol Biol, Paris, France Univ Liege, Tax Inst, Liege, Belgium Univ Leeds, Sch Mol & Cellular Biol, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England IRCCS Ist Giannina Gaslini, UOC Genet Med, Genoa, Italy Res Diets Inc, Sci, New Brunswick, NJ USA Univ Perugia, Dept Phys & Geol, Perugia, Italy Walter Reed Natl Mil Med Ctr, Cellular Immunol, Bethesda, MD USA Univ Fed Santa Catarina, Biol Sci Ctr, Microbiol Immunol & Parasitol Dept, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil Univ Edinburgh, Royal Infirm, Ctr Liver & Digest Disorders, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland Orion Pharma, Crit Care Proprietary Prod Div, Espoo, Finland MIT, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA Univ Turin, Dept Vet Sci, Turin, Italy Univ G dAnnunzio, Dept Psychol Hlth & Territorial Sci, Chieti, Italy NYU, Sch Med, OB GYN, New York, NY USA Univ Glasgow, Inst Cardiovasc & Med Sci, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland Univ Turku, Dept Biol, Turku, Finland Tech Univ Berlin, Bioanalyt, Berlin, Germany Univ Goettingen, Inst Phys Biophys 3, Gottingen, Germany Univ Texas MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Inst Appl Canc Sci, Translat Res Adv Therapeut & Innovat Oncol TRACTI, Houston, TX 77030 USA Univ Liege, Life Sci, Liege, Belgium Tarbiat Modares Univ, Fac Med Sci, Dept Toxicol, Tehran, Iran ARS, USDA, Stoneville, MS USA Univ Regensburg, RCI Regensburg Ctr Intervent Immunol, Regensburg, Germany Univ Nottingham, Sch Psychol, Nottingham, England NIH, Pathol Lab, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA Univ Carlos III Madrid, Elect Engn, Madrid, Spain Inst Med Mol, Chem Biol, Lisbon, Portugal Univ Costa Rica, CIET, San Jose, Costa Rica Univ Stavanger, Fac Hlth Sci, Stavanger, Norway Erasmus MC, Urol, Rotterdam, Netherlands Univ Edinburgh, Sch Biol Sci, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland German Res Ctr Environm Hlth GmbH, Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, Inst Bioinformat & Syst Biol IBIS, Ingolstadter Landstr 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany Leiden Univ, Huygens Kamerlingh Onnes Lab, Leiden, Netherlands Univ Vienna, Nutr Sci, Vienna, Austria Kolling Inst Med Res, Med, St Leonards, NSW, Australia Johns Hopkins Sch Med, Biol Chem, Baltimore, MD USA Univ Montreal, Med Nutr & Microbiome Lab, Montreal, PQ, Canada GlaxoSmithKline, Cell & Gene Therapy, Stevenage, Herts, England Univ Trieste, Life Sci, Trieste, Italy Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Dept Radiol, Aachen, Germany Univ Duisburg Essen, Univ Hosp Essen, West German Canc Ctr, Dept Med Oncol, Essen, Germany Med Univ Vienna, Obstet & Gynecol, Vienna, Austria FHI 360, Social & Behav Hlth Sci Div, Washington, DC USA KU Leuven VIB, Switch Lab, Leuven, Belgium Bielefeld Univ, Fac Technol, Bielefeld, Germany Capital Med Univ, Beijing Shijitan Hosp, Dept Clin Nutr, Dept Gastrointestinal Surg, Beijing, Peoples R China Meiji Univ, Dept Agr Chem, Kawasaki, Japan Yonsei Univ, Coll Med, Microbiol, Seoul, South Korea Johnson & Johnson EAME, Maidenhead, Berks, England Penn State Coll Med, Pediat, Hershey, PA USA Univ N Carolina, Dept Social Med, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA Univ Western Australia, ARC CoE Plant Energy Biol, Perth, WA, Australia Wageningen Univ, Div Human Nutr & Hlth, Wageningen, Netherlands Kings Coll London, Dept Neuroimaging, London, England Univ Murcia, Biochem & Mol Biol, Murcia, Spain Old Dominion Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA Monash Univ, Biochem & Mol Biol, Melbourne, Vic, Australia Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Genet & Dev Biol, Beijing, Peoples R China Univ Pittsburgh, Pharmacol & Chem Biol, Pittsburgh, PA USA Univ Lausanne, Ctr Integrat Genom, Lausanne, Switzerland Univ Queensland, Sch Pharm, Brisbane, Qld, Australia Leibniz Inst Plant Genet & Crop Plant Res IPK Gat, Genebank, Gatersleben, Germany Piramal Imaging, Res & Dev, Berlin, Germany Univ Leeds, Civil Engn, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England Univ Missouri, Chem & Biochem, St Louis, MO 63121 USA US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Geol Program, Pacific Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA USA Ajinomoto Genet Res Inst, Moscow, Russia Jagiellonian Univ, Fac Biochem Biophys & Biotechnol, Dept Plant Biotechnol, Krakow, Poland Univ Puerto Rico, Engn Sci & Mat, Mayaguez, PR USA Univ Regina, Dept Chem & Biochem, Regina, SK, Canada Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA Univ Sunshine Coast, Sunshine Coast Mind & Neurosci Thompson Inst, Sippy Downs, Qld, Australia Chinese Peoples Liberat Army Gen Hosp, Dept Gastroenterol & Hepatol, Beijing, Peoples R China Griffith Univ, Griffith Ctr Social & Cultural Res, Gold Coast, Qld, Australia Tohoku Univ, Inst Dev Aging Canc, Dept Mol Oncol, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan Indiana Univ, Comp Sci, Bloomington, IN USA Fukushima Med Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pulm Med, Fukushima, Japan MEDIVIR AB, Biol, Huddinge, Sweden Western Sydney Univ, Neuroimmunol, Sydney, NSW, Australia Univ Jordan, Nutr & Food Technol, Amman, Jordan Thunen Inst Forest Genet, Fed Res Ctr Rura Areas Forestry & Fisheries, Inst Biodivers, Grosshansdorf, Germany Univ Edinburgh, Inst Cell Biol, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland Univ Edinburgh, Ctr Integrat Physiol, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland Univ Toronto, Struct Genom Consortium, Toronto, ON, Canada Canadian Mem Chiropract Coll, Grad Educ & Res, Toronto, ON, Canada Agilent Technol, R&D, Leuven, Belgium Univ British Columbia, Sch Nursing, Vancouver, BC, Canada Monash Univ, Monash Hlth, Sch Clin Sci, Stroke & Ageing Res,Dept Med, Melbourne, Vic, Australia French Natl Canc Inst, Innovat, Transfer, Biol, Boulogne, France Ludwig Maximilians Univ Munchen, Phys Chem, NanoBioSci, Munich, Germany Bandung Inst Technol, Sch Pharm, Med Chem, Bandung, Indonesia Univ Luxembourg, Life Sci Res Unit, Luxembourg, Luxembourg Lund Univ, Skane Univ Hosp, Dept Gastroenterol, Malmo, Sweden Millennium Hlth, Translat Genet, San Diego, CA USA Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki, Med Dept 2, Clin Res & Evidence Based Med Unit, Thessaloniki, Greece Jan Kochanowski Univ Humanities & Sci, Piotrkow Trybunalski Branch, Dept Psychol, Kielce, Poland McMaster Univ, Engn Phys, Hamilton, ON, Canada Marche Polytech Univ, Dept Agr Food & Environm Sci, Ancona, Italy Kuwait Univ, Fac Med, Microbiol, Kuwait, Kuwait Fujita Hlth Univ, Dept Breast Surg, Toyoake, Aich, Japan North West Reg Spinal Injuries Ctr, Spinal Injuries Ctr, Southport, Merseyside, England Luxembourg Inst Hlth, Competence Ctr Methodol & Stat, Luxembourg, Luxembourg Nestle Inst Hlth Sci SA, Metab Hlth, Ecublens, Vaud, Switzerland Ctr Inflammat Res VIB, Ghent, Belgium Univ Ghent, Dept Biomed Mol Biol, Ghent, Belgium Univ Lisbon, Inst Educ, Curriculo Formacao Prof & Tecnol, Lisbon, Portugal Univ Edinburgh, Ctr Inflammat Res, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland Univ Melbourne, Sch BioSci, Parkville, Vic, Australia Northumbria Univ, Comp & Informat Sci, Newcastle Upon Tyne, Tyne & Wear, England Univ Valencia, Endocrinol, Valencia, Spain INRS, Inst Armand Frappier, Laval, PQ, Canada Univ Laval, INAF, Sch Nutr, Quebec City, PQ, Canada Univ Konstanz, Dept Biol, Constance, Germany Univ Cote dAzur, LAMHESS, Nice, France Scion, Syst Ecol, Christchurch, New Zealand CUNY, Grad Sch Publ Hlth & Hlth Policy, Epidemiol & Biostat, New York, NY 10021 USA Univ Queensland, Sch Dent, Brisbane, Qld, Australia George Inst Global Hlth, Renal & Metab Div, Sydney, NSW, Australia Wuhan Univ, Coll Chem & Mol Sci, Wuhan, Hubei, Peoples R China Griffith Univ, Sch Environm & Sci, Gold Coast, Qld, Australia Univ Minnesota, Radiat Oncol, Minneapolis, MN USA Goethe Univ, Fac Med, Frankfurt, Germany Natl Yunlin Univ Sci & Technol, Dept & Grad Sch Safety & Environm Engn, Touliu, Yunlin, Taiwan Massey Univ, Sch Sport Exercise & Nutr, Auckland, New Zealand Univ Florida, Wildlife Ecol & Conservat, Gainesville, FL USA Bournemouth Univ, Dept Psychol, Poole, Dorset, England Robert Koch Inst, Project Grp P2, Berlin, Germany Univ Edinburgh, MRC Inst Genet & Mol Med, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland Univ Basel, Biozentrum, Basel, Switzerland Univ Wollongong, Sch Med, Wollongong, NSW, Australia Univ Cologne, Inst Human Genet, Cologne, Germany Rural Econ Branch, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC USA Uivers Bordeaux, CNRS, Inst Neurosci Cognit & Integrat Aquitaine, Bordeaux, France Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Chem & Environm Engn, Riverside, CA 92521 USA Univ Calif Riverside, Mat Sci & Engn Program, Riverside, CA 92521 USA Mackay Med Coll, Dept Med, New Taipei, Taiwan Univ Bern, Div Anim Welf, Bern, Switzerland Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Dept Physiol & Pharmacol, Portland, OR 97201 USA Shanghai Univ Tradit Chinese Med, Inst Interdisciplinary Med Sci, Shanghai, Peoples R China McMaster Univ, Biol, Hamilton, ON, Canada Univ S Florida, Dept Cell Biol Microbiol & Mol Biol, Tampa, FL USA Hacettepe Univ, Inst Canc, Med Oncol, Ankara, Turkey City Univ Hong Kong, Dept Elect Engn, Hong Kong, Peoples R China Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Entomol, Taipei, Taiwan Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Inst Environm & Sustainable Dev Agr, Ecol Secur, Beijing, Peoples R China Florida State Univ, Inst Mol Biophys, Chem & Biochem, Tallahassee, FL USA Peking Univ, Shenzhen Grad Sch, State Key Lab Chem Oncogen, Lab Computat Chem & Drug Design, Shenzhen, Peoples R China Univ Helsinki, Fac Pharm, Div Pharmaceut Chem & Technol, Drug Res Program, Helsinki, Finland Tohoku Univ, Microbial Biotechnol, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan Tianjin Med Univ, Sch Basical Med Sci, Dept Pharmacol, Tianjin, Peoples R China Dana Farber Canc Inst, Biostat & Computat Biol, Boston, MA 02115 USA Natl Hlth Res Inst, Inst Mol & Genom Med, Zhunan, Taiwan Univ Oxford, Physiol Anat & Genet, Oxford, England George Washington Univ, Phys, Washington, DC USA Univ Nebraska, Sch Biol Sci, Lincoln, NE USA Toronto Gen Hosp, Res Inst, Dept Lab Med & Pathobiol, Toronto, ON, Canada Univ Texas Dallas, Biol Sci, Richardson, TX 75083 USA NYU, Dept Chem, New York, NY USA Shandong Univ, Sch Math & Stat, Jinan, Shandong, Peoples R China Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei Natl Lab Phys Sci Microscale, Hefei, Anhui, Peoples R China Purdue Univ, Med Chem & Mol Pharmacol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA NIBSC, Adv Therapies, Ridge, Herts, England Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Ruijin Hosp, Dept Pulm & Crit Care Med, Shanghai, Peoples R China Charite Med Univ Berlin, Dermatol & Allergy, Berlin, Germany Univ Hosp St Etienne, Hematol, St Etienne, France Inland Norway Univ Appl Sci, Inst Biotechnol, Elverum, Norway Univ Jordan, Pediat, Amman, Jordan Inst Pasteur, Mol Mycol Unit, Paris, France Cardiff Univ, Sch Med, Inst Psychol Med & Clin Neurosci, Med Res Council Ctr Neuropsychiat Genet & Genom, Cardiff, S Glam, Wales Zurich Univ Appl Sci, Social Work, Zurich, Switzerland Jawaharlal Nehru Univ, Sch Life Sci, New Delhi, India Univ Burgundy Franche Comte, LE2I, Dijon, France Univ Roehampton, Life Sci, London, England Ghent Univ Hosp, Gen & HPB Surg, Ghent, Belgium Univ Wurzburg, Insect Fungus Symbiosis Lab, Wurzburg, Germany Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Behav Sci Inst, Nijmegen, Netherlands Fraunhofer WKI, Applicat Ctr HOFZET, Hannover, Germany UCL, Struct & Mol Biol, London, England Univ Amsterdam, Dev Psychol, Amsterdam, Netherlands Aalborg Univ, Hlth Sci & Technol, CNAP, SMI, Aalborg, Denmark VA Pittsburgh Healthcare Syst, Ctr Hlth Equity Res & Promot, Pittsburgh, PA USA Cedars Sinai Med Ctr, Neurosurg, Los Angeles, CA 90048 USA Sun Yat Sen Univ, Sch Data & Comp Sci, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples R China Dezhou Univ, Shandong Prov Key Lab Biophys, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples R China Maison Teledetection, Inst Rech Dev, UMR Espace DEv, Montpellier, France Xiamen Univ, Sch Life Sci, Xiamen, Fujian, Peoples R China Nanjing Univ, Sch Med, Jinling Hosp, Natl Clin Res Ctr Kidney Dis,Dept Med Imaging, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China Univ Kent, Sch Social Policy Sociol & Social Res, Canterbury, Kent, England Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Infect Dis & Trop Med, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil Univ Minho, Sch Med, Life & Hlth Sci Res Inst ICVS, Braga, Portugal Univ Montreal, Biochim & Med Mol, Montreal, PQ, Canada Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD USA Max Planck Inst Biol Ageing, Metab & Genet Regulat Ageing, Cologne, Germany Univ Swaziland, Hlth Sci, Kwaluseni, Eswatini Queensland Univ Technol, Inst Future Environm, Brisbane, Qld, Australia Ctr Sci Monaco, Dept Biol Med, Monaco, Monaco HELIOS Hosp, Urol, Bad Saarow Pieskow, Germany Tech Univ Carolo Wilhelmina Braunschweig, Inst Microbiol, Braunschweig, Germany Univ Barcelona, Barcelona Ctr Maternal Fetal & Neonatal Med, Fetal i D Fetal Med Res Ctr, IDIBAPS BCNatal,Hosp Clin, Barcelona, Spain Univ Barcelona, Hosp St Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain Friedrich Loeffler Inst, Inst Bacterial Infect & Zoonoses, Jena, Germany Charite Med Univ Berlin, Neurol, Berlin, Germany Dublin City Univ, Natl Inst Cellular Biotechnol, Mol Therapeut Canc Ireland, Dublin, Ireland Schoen Clin Roseneck, Prien Am Chiemsee, Germany Univ Med Ctr Hamburg Eppendorf, Inst Sex Res & Forens Psychiat, Hamburg, Germany Nankai Univ, Sch Math Sci, Tianjin, Peoples R China Nankai Univ, LPMC, Tianjin, Peoples R China Univ Oxford, Oncol, Oxford, England Royal Holloway Univ London, Class, Egham, Surrey, England Cornell Univ, Clin Sci, Ithaca, NY USA Univ KwaZulu Natal, Pharmaceut Chem, Westville Campus, Durban, South Africa Royal Coll Surgeons Ireland, Med, Dublin, Ireland Univ Oslo, Dept Immunol, Oslo, Norway Bermuda Inst Ocean Sci, Marine Nitrogen Cycling Lab, St Georges, Bermuda Kanazawa Univ, Inst Liberal Arts & Sci, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan World Hlth Org Reg Off Africa, Brazzaville, Rep Congo Univ Hosp BesanCon, Infect Control Dept, Besancon, France Galapagos NV, Clin Dev, Mechelen, Belgium Univ Tasmania, Integrated Marine Observing Syst, Hobart, Tas, Australia Georg August Univ Gottingen, Albrecht von Haller Inst Plant Sci, Dept Systemat Biodivers & Evolut Plants, Gottingen, Germany Univ Occupat & Environm Hlth, Dept Psychiat, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, Japan IMDEA Food, Program Precis Nutr & Aging, Madrid, Spain Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Med Sch, IQHealthcare, Nijmegen, Netherlands Maastricht Univ, Dept Cardiovasc Surg, Maastricht, Netherlands German Diabet Ctr, Inst Clin Biochem & Pathobiochem, Dusseldorf, Germany Juntendo Univ, Grad Sch Med, Dept Radiol, Tokyo, Japan Deakin Univ, Sch Informat Technol, Melbourne, Vic, Australia Max Planck Inst Eusenforschung, Dept Interface Chem & Surface Sci, Dusseldorf, Germany Edge Hill Univ, Dept Psychol, Ormskirk, England Aga Khan Univ, Psychiat, Karachi, Pakistan KRIBB, Korean Bioinformat Ctr, Seoul, South Korea Cardinal Hlth Specialty Solut, Hlth Econ & Outcomes Res, Dallas, TX USA Klinikum Univ Munchen, Div Clin Pharmacol, Munich, Germany Univ Pittsburgh, Neurol Surg, Pittsburgh, PA USA Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat Psychosomat & Ps, Aachen, Germany Univ Copenhagen, Inst Mol & Cellular Biol, Copenhagen, Denmark St Jude Childrens Res Hosp, Struct Biol, 332 N Lauderdale St, Memphis, TN 38105 USA Royal Shrewsbury Hosp, Colorectal Surg, Shrewsbury, Salop, England Univ Nottingham, Fac Med & Hlth Sci, Nottingham, England Karolinska Inst, Dept Physiol & Pharmacol, Solna, Sweden Chinese Acad Sci, Changchun Inst Appl Chem, State Key Lab Electroanalyt Chem, Jilin, Jilin, Peoples R China Univ British Columbia, Pediat, Vancouver, BC, Canada Chinese Acad Agr Sci, State Key Lab Cotton Biol, Res Base Anyang Inst Technol, Cotton Germplasm Resources,Inst Cotton Res, Beijing, Peoples R China Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Anaesthesia & Intens Care, Hong Kong, Peoples R China Univ Macau, ICMS, Zhuhai, Guangdong, Peoples R China North China Elect Power Univ, Sch Renewable Energy, Beijing, Peoples R China Justus Liegbig Univ, Dept Internal Med, Giessen, Germany Aarhus Univ, Biosci, Aarhus, Denmark Univ Dublin, Trinity Coll Dublin, Irish Longitudinal Study Ageing TILDA, Dublin, Ireland Univ Groningen, Univ Med Ctr Groningen, Hematol, Groningen, Netherlands Vrije Univ Amsterdam Med Ctr, Child Neurol, Amsterdam, Netherlands EBI, EMBL, Cambridge, England Max Planck Inst Marine Microbiol, HGF MPG Joint Res Grp Deep Sea Ecol & Technol, Bremen, Germany Max Planck Inst Human Dev, Ctr Adapt Rat, Berlin, Germany King Faisal Univ, Math, Al Hufuf, Saudi Arabia Griffith Univ, Sch Nursing & Midwifery, Gold Coast, Qld, Australia Iowa State Univ, Roy J Carver Dept Biochemsitry Biophys & Mol Biol, Ames, IA USA Delft Univ Technol, Fac Mech Maritime & Mat Engn, Engn Thermodynam Proc & Energy Dept, Leeghwaterstr 39, NL-2628 CB Delft, Netherlands Univ Nebraska Med Ctr, Coll Allied Hlth Profess, Cytotechnol Educ, Omaha, NE USA Shinko Mem Hosp, Dept Cardiovasc Med, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan Imperial Coll London, Mat, London, England Tech Univ Munich, Dept Surg, Munich, Germany Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Res Inst Pomol, Minist Agr, Lab Qual & Safety Risk Assessment Fruit Xingcheng, Shenyang, Liaoning, Peoples R China James Madison Univ, Commun Sci & Disorders, Harrisonburg, VA 22807 USA Univ Hosp Ulm, Inst Orthopaed Res & Biomech, Ulm, Germany Univ Essex, Sch Hlth & Social Care, Colchester, Essex, England Alpha Altis, Res Serv, Nottingham, England Erasmus MC, Med Oncol, Rotterdam, Netherlands Fed Univ Oye, Dept Ind Chem, Ekiti, Nigeria Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Cell Biol, Durham, NC USA Univ Oxford, Nuffield Dept Clin Neurosci, Oxford, England Univ Manchester, Canc Res UK Manchester Inst, Manchester, Lancs, England Helsinki Univ Hosp, Childrens Hosp, Helsinki, Finland Univ Aveiro, CESAM Ctr Environm & Marine Studies, Dept Biol, Aveiro, Portugal Univ Botswana, Psychol, Gaborone, Botswana Univ Fed Bahia, Nursing Sch, Salvador, BA, Brazil Queen Mary Univ London, Biol & Expt Psychol, London, England Natl Univ Pharm, Med Chem Dept, Kharkov, Ukraine Univ Bolton, Dept Educ & Psychol, Bolton, England La Trobe Univ, Dept Chem & Phys, Melbourne, Vic, Australia Gen Hosp Northern Theater Command, Dept Gastroenterol, Shenyang, Liaoning, Peoples R China Doctors Hosp, Dept Nephrol, Athens, Greece Univ Hosp Essen, Pediat 3, Essen, Germany Imperial Coll London, Infect Dis Epidemiol, London, England Sorbonne Univ, Dept Psychiat, Paris, France UNSW Sydney, Educ, Sydney, NSW, Australia Stanford Univ, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA Hannover Med Sch, Clin Laryngol Rhinol & Otol, Hannover, Germany Curtin Univ, Ctr Aboriginal Studies, Perth, WA, Australia Iran Univ Sci & Technol, Biomed Engn Dept, Tehran, Iran Univ Calif San Francisco, Anesthesiol, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA Khalifa Univ Sci & Technol, Mech Engn, Abu Dhabi, U Arab Emirates Univ Florida, Hort Sci, Gainesville, FL USA James Cook Univ, Australian Inst Trop Hlth & Med, Ctr Biodiscovery & Mol Dev Therapeut, Cairns, Qld, Australia Univ Porto, Fac Med, CINTESIS, Porto, Portugal Shaoxing Peoples Hosp, Med Res Ctr, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, Peoples R China NIH, Dept Transfus Med, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA AIIMS, Dept Biotechnol, New Delhi, India Univ Ottawa, Biochem Microbiol & Immunol, Ottawa, ON, Canada Univ Oslo, Inst Clin Med, Div Mental Hlth & Addict, Oslo, Norway Univ Groningen, Univ Med Ctr Groningen, Dept Radiol, Groningen, Netherlands Univ Hong Kong, Sch Nursing, Hong Kong, Peoples R China Tokyo Med Univ, Ibaraki Med Ctr, Urol, Tokyo, Japan Univ Hosp Zurich, Dept Radiat Oncol, Zurich, Switzerland Univ Maryland, Inst Human Virol, Div Immunotherapy, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA Univ Maryland, Dept Surg, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA Stellenbosch Univ, Fac Med & Hlth Sci, Div Mol Biol & Human Genet, Stellenbosch, South Africa China Agr Univ, Coll Biol Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China Osaka Univ, Grad Sch Pharmaceut Sci, Suita, Osaka, Japan Univ Washington, Biochem, Seattle, WA 98195 USA Natl Res Council Italy, Inst Biosci & BioResources, Naples, Italy Univ Lyon, Phys, Lyon, France Univ Basel, Fac Psychol, Ctr Social Psychol, Basel, Switzerland Queen Mary Univ London, Barts Canc Inst, Ctr Mol Oncol, London, England EBI, EMBL, Samples Phenotypes & Ontol Team, Cambridge, England Charles Sturt Univ, Fac Arts & Educ, Bathurst, NSW, Australia Shandong Univ, Helmholtz Inst Biotechnol, Sch Life Sci, State Key Lab Microbial Technol, Jinan, Shandong, Peoples R China Shantou Univ, Dept Biol, Shantou, Guangdong, Peoples R China Shanxi Univ, Inst Biomed Sci, Taiyuan, Shanxi, Peoples R China St Jude Childrens Res Hosp, Computat Biol, 332 N Lauderdale St, Memphis, TN 38105 USA Harbin Med Univ, Coll Bioinformat Sci & Technol, Harbin, Heilongjiang, Peoples R China NIH, Radiol & Imaging Sci, Bldg 10, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA Georgia Inst Technol, Dept Biol Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA XtalPi Inc, Cambridge, MA USA Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, Partner Inst Max Planck Soc, Inst Invest Biomed Buenos Aires IBioBA, Bioinformat, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina Univ Sydney, Save Sight Inst, Sydney, NSW, Australia Univ South Australia, Canc Res Inst, Australian Ctr Precis Hlth, Adelaide, SA, Australia Jinan Univ, Inst Life & Hlth Engn, Guangdong Higher Educ Inst, Key Lab Funct Prot Res, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples R China Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr Houston, Epidemiol Human Genet & Environm Sci, Houston, TX 77030 USA Weill Cornell Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, New York, NY USA Guangdong Inst Appl Biol Resources, Biotechnol Lab, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples R China Shandong Normal Univ, Coll Life Sci, Jinan, Shandong, Peoples R China Shandong Univ, Life Sci Dept, Jinan, Shandong, Peoples R China South China Agr Univ, Integrat Microbiol Res Ctr, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples R China Liaoning Acad Agr Sci, Crop Mol Improving Lab, Shenyang, Liaoning, Peoples R China Lawson Hlth Res Inst, Med Biophys, London, ON, Canada Univ Melbourne, Infrastruct Engn, Parkville, Vic, Australia Univ Canberra, Fac Hlth, Canberra, ACT, Australia Univ Cambridge, MRC Cognit & Brain Sci Unit, Cambridge, England Emory Univ, Biostat & Bioinformat, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA Johns Hopkins Sch Med, Anesthesiol & Crit Care Med, Baltimore, MD USA Nottingham Trent Univ, Sch Anim Rural & Environm Sci, Nottingham, England Univ Exeter, Biosci, Exeter, Devon, England Hillingdon Hosp NHS Fdn Trust, London, England Univ Glasgow, MRC CSO Social & Publ Hlth Sci Unit, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland Natl & Kapodistrian Univ Athens, Evaggelismos Athens Hosp, ICU, Athens, Greece Univ Newcastle, Biol Sci, Callaghan, NSW, Australia Coventry Univ, Fac Hlth & Life Sci, Ctr Innovat Res Life Course, Coventry, W Midlands, England Lausanne Univ Hosp, Serv Endocrinol Diabet & Metab, Lausanne, Switzerland Charles Sturt Univ, Sch Community Hlth, Bathurst, NSW, Australia Queens Univ Belfast, Inst Global Food Secur, Belfast, Antrim, North Ireland Natl Univ Singapore, Inst Policy Studies, Singapore, Singapore Univ Penn, Intitute Med & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA Cold Spring Harbor Lab, POB 100, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724 USA Univ Michigan, EECS, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA Univ British Columbia, Ctr Blood Res, Vancouver, BC, Canada UiT Arctic Univ Norway, Dept Hlth & Care Sci, Fac Hlth Sci, Tromso, Norway Hosp Clin Porto Alegre, Physiotherapy, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil Univ Paris 05, Med Sch, Paris, France Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Inst Crop Sci, Natl Key Facil Crop Gene Resources & Genet Improv, Beijing, Peoples R China Univ Ghent, Expt Clin & Hlth Psychol, Ghent, Belgium Indian Inst Adv Res, Bioinformat & Struct Biol, Gandhinagar, Gujart, India Bambino Ges Childrens Res Hosp, Lab Mol Med, Rome, Italy Heidelberg Univ, Ctr Infect Dis Parasitol, Heidelberg, Germany Stanford Univ, Elect Engn, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA Univ Cadiz, Biol, Andalucia, Spain Mansoura Univ Hosp, Gen Surg, Mansoura, Egypt Inst Pasteur, Virol Pole, Dakar, Senegal Cardiff Univ, Div Canc & Genet, Cardiff, S Glam, Wales Ctr Expertise & Biol Diagnost Cameroon, Food Safety & Environm Microbiol, Yaounde, Cameroon Swiss Fed Labs Mat Sci & Technol, Lab Thin Films & Photovolta, Dubendorf, Switzerland Assiut Univ, Assiut Urol & Nephrol Hosp, Fac Med, Assiut, Egypt UCL, GEE, London, England UCL, IHA, London, England Univ Derby, Univ Derby Online Learning, Derby, England SUNY Stony Brook, Family Populat & Prevent Med, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA Walter & Eliza Hall Inst Med Res, Mol Med Div, Melbourne, Vic, Australia Newcastle Univ, Northern Inst Canc Res, Newcastle Upon Tyne, Tyne & Wear, England German Ctr Neurodegenerat Dis, Clin Dementia Res, Bonn, Germany Sorbonne Univ, CNRS, UMR 7144, Stn Biol, Paris, France Univ Barcelona, Odontoestomatol, Barcelona, Spain Janelia Res Campus, Comp Sci, Ashburn, VA USA Univ Oxford, Ctr Trop Med & Global Hlth, Oxford, England Univ Bern, ARTORG Ctr Biomed Engn Res, Bern, Switzerland Australian Natl Univ, Eccles Inst Neurosci, John Curtain Sch Med Res, Canberra, ACT, Australia John Innes Ctr, Metab Biol, Norwich, Norfolk, England USDA ARS, Genom & Bioinformat Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA Med Univ Graz, Inst Med Informat Stat & Documentat, Holzinger Grp, Graz, Austria Ajou Univ, Pharm, Suwon, South Korea City Univ Hong Kong, Sch Energy & Environm, Hong Kong, Peoples R China Univ British Columbia, Sch Kinseiol, Vancouver, BC, Canada Univ Copenhagen, Marine Biol Sect, Dept Biol, Copenhagen, Denmark Univ Vienna, Dept Commun, Vienna, Austria Univ Dundee, Sch Social Sci, Dundee, Scotland Tech Univ Dresden, Inst Bot, Dresden, Germany Univ Oxford, Div Struct Biol, Oxford, England Natl Univ Hlth Syst, Med, Singapore, Singapore Univ Canterbury, Sch Biol Sci, Christchurch, New Zealand Univ Hosp Southern Denmark, Focused Res Unit Mol Diagnost & Clin Res, Odense, Denmark Univ Oxford, Primary Care Hlth Sci, Oxford, England Baylor Coll Med, Verna & Marrs McLean Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Houston, TX 77030 USA Adnan Menderes Univ Aydin, Fac Nursing, Dept Publ Hlth Nursing, Aydin, Turkey Oasi Res Inst IRCCS, Dept Neurol IC, Troina, Italy Purdue Univ, Weldon Sch Biomed Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA Kings Coll London, Kings Ctr Mil Hlth Res, London, England LSHTM, Dept Infect Dis Epidemiol, London, England Leibniz Univ Hannover, BMWZ Organ Chem, Hannover, Germany Xi An Jiao Tong Univ, Sch Basic Med Sci, Dept Physiol & Pathophysiol, Xian, Shaanxi, Peoples R China Univ South Australia, Sch Pharm & Med Sci, Adelaide, SA, Australia Univ Fed Santa Catarina, Dept Phys Educ, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil Southern Med Univ, Nanfang Hosp, Dept Oncol, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples R China Stanford Univ, Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA Shenzhen Univ, Affiliated Hosp 1, Shenzhen Peoples Hosp 2, Inst Translat Med, Shenzhen, Guangdong, Peoples R China Univ Hong Kong, Dept Stat & Actuarial Sci, Hong Kong, Peoples R China UCL, Dept Mech Engn, London, England ASTAR, Singapore Immunol Network, Lab Microbial Immun, Singapore, Singapore Cent South Univ, State Key Lab Powder Met, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China Univ Aberdeen, Inst Appl Hlth Sci, Aberdeen, Scotland Univ Bridgeport, Biomed Engn, Bridgeport, CT 06601 USA Texas Tech Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Pharmaceut Sci, Lubbock, TX 79430 USA Univ Montana, Ecosyst & Conservat Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA Univ Goettingen, Dept Syst Neurosci, Gottingen, Germany NHLBI, Lab Syst Genet, Bldg 10, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA Cleveland Clin, Lou Ruvo Ctr Brain Hlth, Imaging, Las Vegas, NV USA Flinders Univ S Australia, Coll Nursing & Hlth Sci, Nutr & Dietet, Adelaide, SA, Australia Univ Padua, Dept Math, Padua, Italy Lund Univ, Fac Law, Lund, Sweden Univ Gothenburg, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Gothenburg, Sweden NARO, Kachwekano Zardi, Entebbe, Uganda Natl Yunlin Univ Sci & Technol, Bachelor Program Interdisciplinary Studies, Touliu, Yunlin, Taiwan Aarhus Univ, Dept Biomed, Danish Res Inst Translat Neurosci DANDRITE, Aarhus, Denmark Eduardo Mondlane Univ, Math & Comp Sci, Maputo, Mozambique Univ Bern, Dept Old Age Psychiat & Psychotherapy, Bern, Switzerland RAS, Inst Cytol, Lab Cytol Unicellular Organisms, St Petersburg, Russia Beijing Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Chem Engn, Beijing, Peoples R China Univ Queensland, Queensland Alliance Agr & Food Innovat, Brisbane, Qld, Australia Fraunhofer Inst Toxicol & Expt Med ITEM, Inhalat Toxicol, Hannover, Germany Univ Hong Kong, Publ Hlth, Hong Kong, Peoples R China Univ Hlth Network, Anesthesia & Pain Med, Toronto, ON, Canada Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada Univ Bath, Dept Hlth, Bath, Avon, England Univ Copenhagen, Computat & RNA Biol, Copenhagen, Denmark Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Bedford Inst Oceanog, Dartmouth, NS, Canada Goethe Univ, CEF MC, BMLS, Phys Biol, Frankfurt, Germany Albert Einstein Coll Med, Anat & Struct Biol, New York, NY USA Queensland Govt, Dept Environm & Sci, Brisbane, Qld, Australia Uppsala Univ, Vasc Surg Sect, Dept Surg Sci, Uppsala, Sweden Childrens Canc Hosp, Res, Cairo, Egypt Leibniz Inst Nat Prod Res & Infect Biol, Bio Pilot Plant, Jena, Germany Duy Tan Univ, Inst Res & Dev, Da Nang, Vietnam Univ Helsinki, Helsinki Inst Life Sci HiLIFE, Helsinki, Finland Univ Queensland, Australian Inst Bioengn & Nanotechnol, Brisbane, Qld, Australia George Inst Global Hlth, Sydney, NSW, Australia Griffith Univ, Griffith Inst Drug Discovery, Brisbane, Qld, Australia Dezhou Univ, Coll Phys & Elect Informat, Shandong Prov Key Lab Biophys, Dezhou, Peoples R China Henan Agr Univ, Coll Life Sci, Zhengzhou, Henan, Peoples R China Univ Tokyo, Publ Hlth, Tokyo, Japan Sun Yat Sen Univ, Affiliated Hosp 1, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples R China Univ Illinois, Dept Med, Chicago, IL USA Beijing Inst Microbiol & Epidemiol, State Key Lab Pathogen & Biosecur, Beijing, Peoples R China Minist Hlth, Key Lab Neonatal Dis, Shanghai, Peoples R China Covenant Univ, Dept Phys, Ota, Nigeria Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz Univ, Dept Phys Therapy & Hlth Rehabil, Al Kharj, Saudi Arabia Lund Univ, Cognit Sci, Malmo, Sweden Natl Open Univ Nigeria, Dept Publ & Environm Hlth, Abuja, Nigeria Peking Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Lab Sci & Technol, Beijing, Peoples R China Univ Sydney, Sch Publ Hlth, Menzies Ctr Hlth Policy, Sydney, NSW, Australia Univ Auckland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Auckland, New Zealand Beijing Univ Chinese Med, Res Ctr TCM Informat Engn, Beijing, Peoples R China Osped Niguarda Ca Granda, Cardiac Surg, Milan, Italy Univ Vet Med, Clin Horses, Hannover, Germany Harbin Med Univ, Lab Med Genet, Harbin, Heilongjiang, Peoples R China Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Psychol, Saskatoon, SK, Canada Univ Coimbra, Ctr Studies Geog & Spatial Planning CEGOT, Coimbra, Portugal Univ Groningen, Univ Med Ctr Groningen, Epidemiol, Groningen, Netherlands South Cent High Specialty Hosp, Dept Neurol & Neurosurg, Pemex, Mexico Shandong Agr Univ, Coll Informat Sci & Engn, Tai An, Shandong, Peoples R China Curtin Univ, Natl Drug Res Inst, Perth, WA, Australia Wageningen Bioveterinary Res, Bacteriol & Epidemiol, Lelystad, Netherlands Guangdong Second Prov Gen Hosp, Dept Rheumatol & Immunol, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples R China Erasmus MC, Biomed Rngineering, Rotterdam, Netherlands Hiroshima Univ, Grad Sch Biomed & Hlth Sci, Hiroshima, Japan Univ Iceland, Sch Hlth Sci, Reykjavik, Iceland Ohio State Univ, Mat Sci & Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA Kathmandu Univ, Sch Med Sci, Dept Physiotherapy, Dhulikhel, Nepal Univ Queensland, Sch Biomed Sci, Brisbane, Qld, Australia Fraunhofer MEVIS, Image Guided Therapies, Bremen, Germany Natl Univ Hlth Syst, Haematol Oncol, Singapore, Singapore Sun Yat Sen Univ, Canc Ctr, Breast Oncol, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples R China Med Coll Wisconsin, Pharmacol & Toxicol, Wauwatosa, WI USA Queensland Univ Technol, Sci & Engn Fac, Sch Chem Phys & Mech Engn, Brisbane, Qld, Australia Univ Turin, Dept Mol Biotechnol & Hlth Sci, Turin, Italy Univ Tehran Med Sci, Sch Rehabil, Physiotherapy Dept, Tehran, Iran Univ Helsinki, Dept Forest Sci, Helsinki, Finland Univ Messina, Human Pathol, Messina, Italy AO Papardo Hosp Messina, Messina, Italy Univ Ibadan, Coll Med, Inst Child Hlth, Ibadan, Nigeria King Faisal Univ, Coll Med, Fac Ophthalmol, Al Hasa, Saudi Arabia Univ Stirling, Inst Social Mkt, Stirling, Scotland Saveh Univ Med Sci, Social Determinants Hlth Res Ctr, Saveh, Iran Gakujutsu Shien Co Ltd, Tokyo, Japan Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geochem, Guiyang, Guizhou, Peoples R China Univ Plymouth, Med Sch, Plymouth, Devon, England CHU Toulouse, Immunol, Toulouse, France Azorean Biodivers Grp, Ctr Ecol Evolut & Environm Changes, Azores, Portugal Univ Acores, Azores, Portugal RIKEN, Ctr Integrat Med Sci, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan Peking Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Global Hlth, Beijing, Peoples R China Chang Gung Univ, Chang Gung Mem Hosp, Dept Neurol, Linkou Med Ctr, Taoyuan, Taiwan Chang Gung Univ, Coll Med, Taoyuan, Taiwan Univ Malawi, Coll Med, Biomed Sci Dept, Blantyre, Malawi Univ Malawi, Coll Med, Pharm Dept, Blantyre, Malawi Bioself Commun, Biocurat, Marseille, France Peking Univ, Hosp 3, Dept Neurol, Beijing, Peoples R China Ahmadu Bello Univ, Fac Basic Clin Sci, Coll Hlth Sci, Dept Pathol, Zaria, Nigeria Dalhousie Univ, Dept Anesthesia Pain Management & Perioperat Med, Halifax, NS, Canada VisMederi Srl, Siena, Italy UCL, Canc Res UK, London, England UCL, UCL Canc Trials Ctr, London, England Univ Ottawa, Family Med, Ottawa, ON, Canada China Agr Univ, Coll Engn, Beijing, Peoples R China Leiden Univ, Leiden Acad Ctr Drug Res, Div Drug Discovery & Safety, Leiden, Netherlands Sun Yat Sen Univ, Affiliated Hosp 1, Dept Intervent Radiol, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples R China Amer Univ Beirut, Med Ctr, Infect Dis, Beirut, Lebanon Sheffield Hallam Univ, Dept Social Work Social Care & Community Studies, Sheffield, S Yorkshire, England Mechnikov Res Inst Vaccines & Sera, Viral Hepatitis, Moscow, Russia Univ Ottawa, Pediat, Ottawa, ON, Canada Vreden Russian Res Inst Traumatol & Orthopaed, Dept Wound Infect Treatment & Prevent, St Petersburg, Russia Hangzhou Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Dept TB Control & Prevent, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, Peoples R China Kaohsiung Med Univ, Dept Biotechnol, Kaohsiung, Taiwan Zoetis, Diagnost, Kalamazoo, MI USA Aintree Univ Hosp NHS Fdn Trust, Head & Neck Oncol Res, Liverpool, Merseyside, England Wrightington Hosp, Trauma & Orthopaed, Manchester, Lancs, England Loyola Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat, 2160 S 1st Ave, Maywood, IL 60153 USA Atkins Vet Serv, Microbiol, Calgary, AB, Canada Univ Porto, FADEUP, CIAFEL, Porto, Portugal Natl Univ Singapore, Saw Swee Hock Sch Publ Hlth, Singapore, Singapore Kangwon Natl Univ, Coll Biotechnol & Biosci, Dept Food Sci & Biotechnol, Chunchon, South Korea Kakatiya Med Coll, Internal Med, Warangal, Telangana, India Univ Antioquia, Vet Med Sch, CIBAV Res Grp, Medellin, Colombia IISER, Dept Phys, Soft & Act Matter Grp, Tirupati 517507, Andhra Pradesh, India Univ Rosario, Sch Med & Hlth, Ctr Studies Phys Activ Measurements, Bogota, Colombia Univ Hosp Essen, Cardiol & Vasc Med, Essen, Germany Univ Hosp Basel, Endocrinol, Basel, Switzerland Univ Tubingen, Inst Med Genet & Appl Genom, Tubingen, Germany Univ Hosp Munster, Div Gen Internal Med Nephrol & Rheumatolog, Dept Med D, Munster, Germany Univ Kentucky, Dept Nephrol, Lexington, KY USA Univ Freiburg, Dept Anaesthesiol & Crit Care, Med Ctr, Freiburg, Germany Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Med, Orange, CA 92668 USA Univ Hosp Leuven, Dept Urol, Leuven, Belgium Chinese Acad Sci, Coll Life Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China Univ Florida, Orthopaed & Rehabil, Gainesville, FL USA Chongqing Med Univ, Affiliated Hosp 1, Chongqing Key Lab Mol Oncol & Epigenet, Chongqing, Peoples R China Tsinghua Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Beijing, Peoples R China Yonsei Univ, Coll Med, Dept Pharmacol, Seoul, South Korea Childrens Hosp Kings Daughters, Eastern Virginia Med Sch, Dept Pediat, Norfolk, VA USA China Three Gorges Univ, Coll Sci, Dept Math, Yichang, Peoples R China Xiangtan Univ, Coll Informat Engn, Xiangtan, Hunan, Peoples R China Univ Hlth Network, Mood Disorders & Psychopharmacol, Toronto, ON, Canada Sao Paulo State Univ UNESP, Dept Anim Sci, Sao Paulo, Brazil Sao Paulo State Univ, Vet Clin, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Published: 2019

8. Author Correction: The SOD1-mediated ALS phenotype shows a decoupling between age of symptom onset and disease duration.

Author: Opie-Martin S, Iacoangeli A, Topp SD, Abel O, Mayl K, Mehta PR, Shatunov A, Fogh I, Bowles H, Limbachiya N, Spargo TP, Al-Khleifat A, Williams KL, Jockel-Balsarotti J, Bali T, Self W, Henden L, Nicholson GA, Ticozzi N, McKenna-Yasek D, Tang L, Shaw PJ, Chio A, Ludolph A, Weishaupt JH, Landers JE, Glass JD, Mora JS, Robberecht W, Damme PV, McLaughlin R, Hardiman O, van den Berg L, Veldink JH, Corcia P, Stevic Z, Siddique N, Silani V, Blair IP, Fan DS, Esselin F, de la Cruz E, Camu W, Basak NA, Siddique T, Miller T, Brown RH, Al-Chalabi A, and Shaw CE
Published: 2024
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9. [To determine the value of iMAX, a new electrodiagnostic method, and its application in the evaluation of peripheral motor nerve excitability].

Author: Zhang S, Zhang YX, Xu YS, Liu XX, Zhang HG, Cui WJ, and Fan DS
Subjects: Humans, Female, Male, Middle Aged, Adult, Cross-Sectional Studies, Aged, Motor Neurons physiology, Median Nerve physiopathology, Neural Conduction, Ulnar Nerve, Diabetic Neuropathies diagnosis, Diabetic Neuropathies physiopathology, Peripheral Nerves physiopathology, Electric Stimulation, Electromyography, Electrodiagnosis methods, Action Potentials
Abstract: Objective: To test the new method of iMAX (the minimum stimulus current that elicits the maximum compound muscle action potential amplitude) electrodiagnosis, verify the feasibility of this method in evaluating the excitability of peripheral motor axons, and preliminarily explore the clinical application value. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study. A total of 50 healthy subjects were recruited from the outpatient department of Peking University Third Hospital from June 2022 to March 2023, including 25 males and 25 females, aged 25-68 (48±8) years. Eleven patients with Charcot-Marie-Pain-1A (CMT1A), 7 males and 4 females, aged 19-55 (41±13) years and 21 patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN), 10 males and 11 females, aged 28-79 (53±16) years were enrolled in this study. iMAX of bilateral median nerves, ulnar nerves and peroneal nerves were detected in all patients. Repeatable motor responses with minimum motor threshold and amplitude of at least 0.1 mV and the minimum stimulus current intensity, at which the maximum compound muscle action potential amplitude is elicited, were measured respectively [1 mA increment is called (iUP) and, 0.1 mA adjustment is called (iMAX)].Comparison of the parameters: the parameters of threshold, iUP and iMAX were compared among different age groups, genders and sides, body mass index(BMI) values and detection time , as well as between CMT1A patients, DPN patients and healthy subjects. Results: In healthy subjects, the threshold, iUP value and iMAX value were (1.8±0.7) mA, (4.4±1.2) mA, and (4.2±1.3) mA respectively; ulnar nerve (3.1±1.6) mA, (6.8±3.2) mA, (6.4±3.2) mA; peroneal nerve (3.7±2.0) mA, (7.8±2.8) mA, (7.4±2.9) mA. There were statistically significant differences in threshold, iUP value and iMAX value among different age groups (all P <0.001).With the increase of age, there was a trend of increasing threshold, iUP, and iMAX values in different nerves, and the differences are statistically significant (all P <0.001). There were no significant differences in gender, side and detection time threshold, iUP value and iMAX value (all P> 0.05). The parameters of healthy subjects with high BMI value were higher than those of healthy subjects with low BMI value(all P <0.05). Compared with the healthy subjects, the parameters of 11 CMT1A patients were significantly increased (all P <0.05), and the parameters of 21 DPN patients were slightly increased ( P <0.05). Conclusion: The new iMAX method reflects the excitability of motor axons and early axonal dysfunction, which is an important supplement to the traditional nerve conduction, and can be used to monitor motor axon excitability disorders.
Published: 2024
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10. Penthorum chinense Pursh inhibits ferroptosis in cellular and Caenorhabditis elegans models of Alzheimer's disease.

Author: Yong YY, Yan L, Wang BD, Fan DS, Guo MS, Yu L, Wu JM, Qin DL, Law BY, Wong VK, Yu CL, Zhou XG, and Wu AG
Subjects: Animals, Caenorhabditis elegans, Reactive Oxygen Species metabolism, Hydrogen Peroxide pharmacology, Iron metabolism, Alzheimer Disease drug therapy, Alzheimer Disease genetics, Ferroptosis
Abstract: Background: Ferroptosis, a unique type of cell death triggered by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation, plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), a debilitating condition marked by memory loss and cognitive impairment due to the accumulation of beta-amyloid (Aβ) and hyperphosphorylated Tau protein. Increasing evidence suggests that inhibitors of ferroptosis could be groundbreaking in the treatment of AD., Method: In this study, we established in vitro ferroptosis using erastin-, RSL-3-, hemin-, and iFSP1-induced PC-12 cells. Using MTT along with Hoechst/PI staining, we assessed cell viability and death. To determine various aspects of ferroptosis, we employed fluorescence probes, including DCFDA, JC-1, C11 BODIPY, Mito-Tracker, and PGSK, to measure ROS production, mitochondrial membrane potential, lipid peroxidation, mitochondrial morphology, and intracellular iron levels. Additionally, Western blotting, biolayer interferometry technology, and shRNA were utilized to investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms. Furthermore, p-CAX APP Swe/Ind- and pRK5-EGFP-Tau P301L overexpressing PC-12 cells, along with Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) strains CL4176, CL2331, and BR5270, were employed to examine ferroptosis in AD models., Results: Here, we conducted a screening of our natural medicine libraries and identified the ethanol extract of Penthorum chinense Pursh (PEE), particularly its ethyl acetate fraction (PEF), displayed inhibitory effects on ferroptosis in cells. Specifically, PEF inhibited the generation of ROS, lipid peroxidation, and intracellular iron levels. Furthermore, PEF demonstrated protective effects against H 2 O 2 -induced cell death, ROS production, and mitochondrial damage. Mechanistic investigations unveiled PEF's modulation of intracellular iron accumulation, GPX4 expression and activity, and FSP1 expression. In p-CAX APP Swe/Ind and pRK5-EGFP-Tau P301L overexpressing PC-12 cells, PEF significantly reduced cell death, as well as ROS and lipid peroxidase production. Moreover, PEF ameliorated paralysis and slowing rate in Aβ and Tau transgenic C. elegans models, while inhibiting ferroptosis, as evidenced by decreased DHE intensity, lipid peroxidation levels, iron accumulation, and expression of SOD-3 and gst-4., Conclusion: Our findings highlight the suppressive effects of PEF on ferroptosis in AD cellular and C. elegans models. This study helps us better understand how ferroptosis affects AD and emphasizes the potential of PCP as a candidate for AD intervention., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2024
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11. [Inflammatory myopathy associated with anti-mitochondrial antibodies: a case report].

Author: Huo JY, Sun AP, Zhang XY, Fu Y, and Fan DS
Subjects: Humans, Muscle, Skeletal, Autoantibodies, Myositis, Muscular Diseases
Published: 2024
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12. Reply to "SARS1 (SerRS) Causing De Novo Dominant Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease with Slow Conduction".

Author: He J, Liu XX, Fan DS, and Chen WJ
Subjects: Humans, Mutation, Phenotype, Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease genetics
Published: 2023
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13. Targeting autophagy to discover the Piper wallichii petroleum ether fraction exhibiting antiaging and anti-Alzheimer's disease effects in Caenorhabditis elegans.

Author: Zhu FD, Chen X, Yu L, Hu ML, Pan YR, Qin DL, Wu JM, Li L, Law BY, Wong VK, Zhou XG, Wu AG, and Fan DS
Subjects: Animals, Caenorhabditis elegans, Lipofuscin metabolism, Longevity, Amyloid beta-Peptides metabolism, Paralysis, Autophagy, Oxidative Stress, Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins genetics, Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins metabolism, Alzheimer Disease drug therapy, Alzheimer Disease genetics
Abstract: Background: With population aging, the incidence of aging-related Alzheimer's disease (AD) is increasing, accompanied by decreased autophagy activity. At present, Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) is widely employed to evaluate autophagy and in research on aging and aging-related diseases in vivo. To discover autophagy activators from natural medicines and investigate their therapeutic potential in antiaging and anti-AD effects, multiple C. elegans models related to autophagy, aging, and AD were used., Method: In this study, we employed the DA2123 and BC12921 strains to discover potential autophagy inducers using a self-established natural medicine library. The antiaging effect was evaluated by determining the lifespan, motor ability, pumping rate, lipofuscin accumulation of worms, and resistance ability of worms under various stresses. In addition, the anti-AD effect was examined by detecting the paralysis rate, food-sensing behavior, and amyloid-β and Tau pathology in C. elegans. Moreover, RNAi technology was used to knock down the genes related to autophagy induction., Results: We discovered that Piper wallichii extract (PE) and the petroleum ether fraction (PPF) activated autophagy in C. elegans, as evidenced by increased GFP-tagged LGG-1 foci and decreased GFP-p62 expression. In addition, PPF extended the lifespan and enhanced the healthspan of worms by increasing body bends and pumping rates, decreasing lipofuscin accumulation, and increasing resistance to oxidative, heat, and pathogenic stress. Moreover, PPF exhibited an anti-AD effect by decreasing the paralysis rate, improving the pumping rate and slowing rate, and alleviating Aβ and Tau pathology in AD worms. However, the feeding of RNAi bacteria targeting unc-51, bec-1, lgg-1, and vps-34 abolished the antiaging and anti-AD effects of PPF., Conclusion: Piper wallichii may be a promising drug for antiaging and anti-AD. More future studies are also needed to identify autophagy inducers in Piper wallichii and clarify their molecular mechanisms., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest We declare that there are no financial or other conflicts of interest associated with the reported work, and all the results are original research. The data presented herein have not been published elsewhere., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2023
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14. [Progress in the application of uric acid-lowering treatments in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis].

Author: Zhao YN, Fu JY, He J, and Fan DS
Subjects: Humans, Uric Acid, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis drug therapy
Published: 2023
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15. The spatial effects of rural toilet retrofitting investment on farmers' medical and health expenditure in China.

Author: Zheng X, Yang FX, Fan DS, and Yang ZN
Subjects: Humans, Health Expenditures, Quality of Life, China, Farmers, Bathroom Equipment
Abstract: Background: China stretches across a vast area, and different geographical environments and economic and social development conditions, along with learning imitation and factor flow among participants can lead to two major spatial characteristics of toilet retrofitting investment: spatial heterogeneity and spatial correlation., Methods: This study contributes to explore this topic by assessing the spatial heterogeneity and spatial correlation of toilet retrofitting investment on farmers' medical and health expenditure based on the spatial econometric model., Results: (1) There are significant spatial agglomeration characteristics of both the toilet retrofitting investment and farmers' medical and health expenditure in China. (2) At the national level, the rural toilet retrofitting investment will influence the farmers' medical and health expenditure, and the effect on the local area is greater than on the surrounding areas. (3) After taking into account the differences in natural geographical environment and social and economic development, China is divided into four regions: east, central, west and northeast. In terms of spatial effects within different regions, the intensity of the impact of toilet retrofitting investment on local farmers' medical and health expenditure is in the order of central > eastern > western > northeast. The improvement of people's livelihood in the eastern and central regions by toilet retrofitting investment would lead to imitation by surrounding regions, thus reflecting spillover effects, while in the western region, toilet retrofitting investment would trigger fierce competition in related industries and factor markets, manifesting the competition effect. (4) As for the spatial effects across different regions, the toilet retrofitting investment produces spillover effects in all four regions, among which the intensity of the influence effect is the greatest in the central-western region, followed by the west-northeast, and the influence effect in the east-west is not significant., Discussion: The comprehensive promotion of rural toilet retrofitting should not only focus on investment in the western and northeastern regions, but also strengthen regional communication and cooperation to improve rural residents' health and quality of life., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Zheng, Yang, Fan and Yang.)
Published: 2023
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16. [Anti-HMGCR immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy: A case report].

Author: Zhang YJ, Ma JY, Liu XY, Zheng DF, Zhang YS, Li XG, and Fan DS
Subjects: Male, Humans, Middle Aged, Autoantibodies, Muscle, Skeletal pathology, Necrosis pathology, Myositis diagnosis, Autoimmune Diseases, Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors therapeutic use, Muscular Diseases diagnosis, Muscular Diseases drug therapy
Abstract: The patient was a 55-year-old man who was admitted to hospital with "progressive myalgia and weakness for 4 months, and exacerbated for 1 month". Four months ago, he presented with persistent shoulder girdle myalgia and elevated creatine kinase (CK) at routine physical examination, which fluctuated from 1 271 to 2 963 U/L after discontinuation of statin treatment. Progressive myalgia and weakness worsened seriously to breath-holding and profuse sweating 1 month ago. The patient was post-operative for renal cancer, had previous diabetes mellitus and coronary artery disease medical history, had a stent implanted by percutaneous coronary intervention and was on long-term medication with aspirin, atorvastatin and metoprolol. Neurological examination showed pressure pain in the scapularis and pelvic girdle muscles, and V- grade muscle strength in the proximal extremities. Strongly positive of anti-HMGCR antibody was detected. Muscle magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) T2-weighted image and short time inversion recovery sequences (STIR) showed high signals in the right vastus lateralis and semimembranosus muscles. There was a small amount of myofibrillar degeneration and necrosis, CD4 positive inflammatory cells around the vessels and among myofibrils, MHC-Ⅰ infiltration, and multifocal lamellar deposition of C5b9 in non-necrotic myofibrils of the right quadriceps muscle pathological manifestation. According to the clinical manifestation, imageological change, increased CK, blood specific anti-HMGCR antibody and biopsy pathological immune-mediated evidence, the diagnosis of anti-HMGCR immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy was unequivocal. Methylprednisolone was administrated as 48 mg daily orally, and was reduced to medication discontinuation gradually. The patient's complaint of myalgia and breathlessness completely disappeared after 2 weeks, the weakness relief with no residual clinical symptoms 2 months later. Follow-up to date, there was no myalgia or weakness with slightly increasing CK rechecked. The case was a classical anti-HMGCR-IMNM without swallowing difficulties, joint symptoms, rash, lung symptoms, gastrointestinal symptoms, heart failure and Raynaud's phenomenon. The other clinical characters of the disease included CK as mean levels >10 times of upper limit of normal, active myogenic damage in electromyography, predominant edema and steatosis of gluteus and external rotator groups in T2WI and/or STIR at advanced disease phase except axial muscles. The symptoms may occasionally improve with discontinuation of statins, but glucocorticoids are usually required, and other treatments include a variety of immunosuppressive therapies such as methotrexate, rituximab and intravenous gammaglobulin.
Published: 2023

17. Biallelic variants in the COQ7 gene cause distal hereditary motor neuropathy in two Chinese families.

Author: Liu XX, Wang N, Chen YK, Lv WQ, Hong JM, Xu GR, Zhou LY, Chen WJ, Fan DS, and He J
Subjects: Humans, Mutation, East Asian People, Hereditary Sensory and Motor Neuropathy
Published: 2023
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18. Promising application of a new ulnar nerve compound muscle action potential measurement montage in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a prospective cross-sectional study.

Author: Zhang YX, Ma JY, Liu XY, Zhang S, Yu Z, and Fan DS
Abstract: Previous studies have shown that ulnar nerve compound muscle action potential recorded by the conventional "belly-tendon" montage does not accurately and completely reflect the action potential of the ulnar nerve dominating the abductor digiti minimi muscle due to the effects of far-field potentials of intrinsic hand muscles. A new method of ulnar nerve compound muscle action potential measurement was developed in 2020, which adjusts the E2 electrode from the distal tendon of the abductor digitorum to the middle of the back of the proximal wrist. This new method may reduce the influence of the reference electrode and better reflect the actual ulnar nerve compound muscle action potential. In this prospective cross-sectional study, we included 64 patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and 64 age- and sex-matched controls who underwent conventional and novel ulnar nerve compound muscle action potential measurement between April 2020 and May 2021 in Peking University Third Hospital. The compound muscle action potential waveforms recorded by the new montage were unimodal and more uniform than those recorded by traditional montage. In the controls, no significant difference in the compound muscle action potential waveforms was found between the traditional montage and new montage recordings. In amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients presenting with abductor digiti minimi spontaneous activity and muscular atrophy, the amplitude of compound muscle action potential-pE2 was significantly lower than that of compound muscle action potential-dE2 (P < 0.01). Using the new method, damaged axons were more likely to exhibit more severe amplitude decreases than those measured with the traditional method, in particular for patients in early stage amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. In addition, the decline in compound muscle action potential amplitude measured by the new method was correlated with a decrease in Revised Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating Scale scores. These findings suggest that the new ulnar nerve compound muscle action potential measurement montage reduces the effects of the reference electrode through altering the E2 electrode position, and that this method is more suitable for monitoring disease progression than the traditional montage. This method may be useful as a biomarker for longitudinal follow-up and clinical trials in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis., Competing Interests: None
Published: 2023
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19. [Diagnostic value of F wave changes in patients with Charcot-Marie-Tooth1A and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy].

Author: Liu XX, Zhang S, Ma Y, Sun AP, Zhang YS, and Fan DS
Subjects: Humans, Median Nerve pathology, Ulnar Nerve pathology, Magnetic Resonance Imaging methods, Polyradiculoneuropathy, Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating diagnosis, Polyradiculoneuropathy, Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating pathology, Brachial Plexus pathology
Abstract: Objective: To analyze and compare the characteristics and causes of F wave changes in patients with Charcot-Marie-Tooth1A (CMT1A) and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP)., Methods: Thirty patients with CMT1A and 30 patients with CIDP were enrolled in Peking University Third Hospital from January 2012 to December 2018. Their clinical data, electrophysiological data(nerve conduction velocity, F wave and H reflex) and neurological function scores were recorded. Some patients underwent magnetic resonance imaging of brachial plexus and lumbar plexus, and the results were analyzed and compared., Results: The average motor conduction velocity (MCV) of median nerve was (21.10±10.60) m/s in CMT1A and (31.52±12.46) m/s in CIDP. There was a significant difference between the two groups ( t =-6.75, P < 0.001). About 43.3% (13/30) of the patients with CMT1A did not elicit F wave in ulnar nerve, which was significantly higher than that of the patients with CIDP (4/30, 13.3%), χ 2 =6.65, P =0.010. Among the patients who could elicit F wave, the latency of F wave in CMT1A group was (52.40±17.56) ms and that in CIDP group was (42.20±12.73) ms. There was a significant difference between the two groups ( t =2.96, P =0.006). The occurrence rate of F wave in CMT1A group was 34.6%±39%, and that in CIDP group was 70.7%±15.2%. There was a significant difference between the two groups ( t =-5.13, P < 0.001). The MCV of median nerve in a patient with anti neurofascin 155 (NF155) was 23.22 m/s, the latency of F wave was 62.9-70.7 ms, and the occurrence rate was 85%-95%. The proportion of brachial plexus and lumbar plexus thickening in CMT1A was 83.3% (5/6) and 85.7% (6/7), respectively. The proportion of brachial plexus and lumbar plexus thickening in the CIDP patients was only 25.0% (1/4, 2/8). The nerve roots of brachial plexus and lumbar plexus were significantly thickened in a patient with anti NF155 antibody., Conclusion: The prolonged latency of F wave in patients with CMT1A reflects the homogenous changes in both proximal and distal peripheral nerves, which can be used as a method to differentiate the CIDP patients characterized by focal demyelinating pathology. Moreover, attention should be paid to differentiate it from the peripheral neuropathy caused by anti NF155 CIDP. Although F wave is often used as an indicator of proximal nerve injury, motor neuron excitability, anterior horn cells, and motor nerve myelin sheath lesions can affect its latency and occurrence rate. F wave abnormalities need to be comprehensively analyzed in combination with the etiology, other electrophysiological results, and MRI imaging.
Published: 2023

20. Heterozygous Seryl-tRNA Synthetase 1 Variants Cause Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease.

Author: He J, Liu XX, Ma MM, Lin JJ, Fu J, Chen YK, Xu GR, Xu LQ, Fu ZF, Xu D, Chen WF, Cao CY, Shi Y, Zeng YH, Zhang J, Chen XC, Zhang RX, Wang N, Kennerson M, Fan DS, and Chen WJ
Subjects: Humans, Mutation, Heterozygote, Mutation, Missense genetics, Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease genetics, Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease metabolism, Serine-tRNA Ligase genetics
Abstract: Objective: Despite the increasing number of genes associated with Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease, many patients currently still lack appropriate genetic diagnosis for this disease. Autosomal dominant mutations in aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (ARSs) have been implicated in CMT. Here, we describe causal missense mutations in the gene encoding seryl-tRNA synthetase 1 (SerRS) for 3 families affected with CMT., Methods: Whole-exome sequencing was performed in 16 patients and 14 unaffected members of 3 unrelated families. The functional impact of the genetic variants identified was investigated using bioinformatic prediction tools and confirmed using cellular and biochemical assays., Results: Combined linkage analysis for the 3 families revealed significant linkage (Zmax LOD = 6.9) between the genomic co-ordinates on chromosome 1: 108681600-110300504. Within the linkage region, heterozygous SerRS missense variants segregated with the clinical phenotype in the 3 families. The mutant SerRS proteins exhibited reduced aminoacylation activity and abnormal SerRS dimerization, which suggests the impairment of total protein synthesis and induction of eIF2α phosphorylation., Interpretation: Our findings suggest the heterozygous SerRS variants identified represent a novel cause for autosomal dominant CMT. Mutant SerRS proteins are known to impact various molecular and cellular functions. Our findings provide significant advances on the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms associated with ARS-related CMT. ANN NEUROL 2023;93:244-256., (© 2022 American Neurological Association.)
Published: 2023
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21. [A case of adult-onset Satoyoshi syndrome with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance].

Author: Sun AP, Liu XY, Tian DY, Zheng DF, Zhang S, Xu YS, and Fan DS
Subjects: Humans, Adult, Alopecia, Diarrhea, Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance diagnosis, Paraproteinemias
Published: 2023
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22. [Cortical thickness and cognitive impairment in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis].

Author: Ye S, Jin PP, Zhang N, Wu HB, Shi L, Zhao Q, Yang K, Yuan HS, and Fan DS
Subjects: Humans, Neuropsychological Tests, Magnetic Resonance Imaging methods, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis complications, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis diagnostic imaging, Neurodegenerative Diseases, Frontotemporal Dementia psychology, Cognitive Dysfunction diagnostic imaging, Cognitive Dysfunction etiology
Abstract: Objective: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease with high morbidity and mortality. There are about 5%-15% of ALS patients combining with frontotemporal lobe degeneration (FTLD) at the same time and 50% of patients combing with cognitive function changes. The analysis of cortical thickness based on MRI is an important imaging method to evaluate brain structure. The aim of the study was to explore the changes of brain structure in ALS patients by cortical thickness analysis, and to explore the correlation between the brain structure and cognitive function., Methods: In the study, 18 ALS patients treated in Department of Neurology, Peking University Third Hospital and 18 normal controls (age, gender and education level matched) were included. 3D magnetization prepared rapid gradient echo imaging (MPRAGE) sequence MRI was performed and the cortical thickness was analyzed. At the same time, all the ALS patients took neuropsychology assessments, including: mini-mental state examination (MMSE), verbal fluency test (VFT), Stroop color word test (SCWT), prospective memory (PM), emotional picture perception and recognition, and faux pas story test., Results: After cognitive assessment, two ALS patients had cognitive impairment. One was in accordance with ALS-frontotemporal dementia (FTD) diagnosis and the other one was in accordance with ALS cognitive impairment (ALSci) diagnosis. In all the 18 ALS patients and 18 normal controls, the cortical thickness of the left medial orbitofrontal lobe and the medial temporal lobe were significantly reduced ( P < 0.05) in ALS group by the vertex-wise comparison. Cortical thickness of the left entorhinal cortex, the left inferior temporal gyrus, the left medial orbitofrontal lobe and the left insular lobe was significantly reduced ( P < 0.05) by the region-wise comparison. However, when only concluded the 16 ALS non-cognitive impairment patients, there was no significant difference between the two groups ( P >0.05). There were correlations between the scores of prospective memory, emotional picture perception and recognition, faux pas story test and the cortical thickness of their corresponding regions ( P < 0.05)., Conclusion: The cortical thickness of ALS patients are correlated with neuropsychological scores which may reflect the changes of cortical structure corresponding to the cognitive assessment, and may provide help for the early diagnosis of cognitive changes in ALS patients.
Published: 2022

23. The SOD1-mediated ALS phenotype shows a decoupling between age of symptom onset and disease duration.

Author: Opie-Martin S, Iacoangeli A, Topp SD, Abel O, Mayl K, Mehta PR, Shatunov A, Fogh I, Bowles H, Limbachiya N, Spargo TP, Al-Khleifat A, Williams KL, Jockel-Balsarotti J, Bali T, Self W, Henden L, Nicholson GA, Ticozzi N, McKenna-Yasek D, Tang L, Shaw PJ, Chio A, Ludolph A, Weishaupt JH, Landers JE, Glass JD, Mora JS, Robberecht W, Damme PV, McLaughlin R, Hardiman O, van den Berg L, Veldink JH, Corcia P, Stevic Z, Siddique N, Silani V, Blair IP, Fan DS, Esselin F, de la Cruz E, Camu W, Basak NA, Siddique T, Miller T, Brown RH, Al-Chalabi A, and Shaw CE
Subjects: Humans, Superoxide Dismutase-1 genetics, Superoxide Dismutase genetics, Phenotype, Mutation, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis genetics, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis epidemiology
Abstract: Superoxide dismutase (SOD1) gene variants may cause amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, some of which are associated with a distinct phenotype. Most studies assess limited variants or sample sizes. In this international, retrospective observational study, we compare phenotypic and demographic characteristics between people with SOD1-ALS and people with ALS and no recorded SOD1 variant. We investigate which variants are associated with age at symptom onset and time from onset to death or censoring using Cox proportional-hazards regression. The SOD1-ALS dataset reports age of onset for 1122 and disease duration for 883 people; the comparator population includes 10,214 and 9010 people respectively. Eight variants are associated with younger age of onset and distinct survival trajectories; a further eight associated with younger onset only and one with distinct survival only. Here we show that onset and survival are decoupled in SOD1-ALS. Future research should characterise rarer variants and molecular mechanisms causing the observed variability., (© 2022. The Author(s).)
Published: 2022
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24. [Genetic distribution in Chinese patients with hereditary peripheral neuropathy].

Author: Liu XX, Duan XH, Zhang S, Sun AP, Zhang YS, and Fan DS
Subjects: DNA Helicases genetics, DNA-Binding Proteins genetics, Flavoproteins, HSP40 Heat-Shock Proteins, Humans, Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins genetics, Kinesins, Ligases genetics, Molecular Chaperones, Multifunctional Enzymes, Mutation, Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases, Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases, RNA Helicases genetics, RNA, Transfer, Transcription Factors genetics, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease genetics, Muscular Atrophy, Spinal genetics
Abstract: Objective: To analyze the distribution characteristics of hereditary peripheral neuropathy (HPN) pathogenic genes in Chinese Han population, and to explore the potential pathogenesis and treatment prospects of HPN and related diseases., Methods: Six hundred and fifty-six index patients with HPN were enrolled in Peking University Third Hospital and China-Japan Friendship Hospital from January 2007 to May 2022. The PMP22 duplication and deletion mutations were screened and validated by multiplex ligation probe amplification technique. The next-generation sequencing gene panel or whole exome sequencing was used, and the suspected genes were validated by Sanger sequencing., Results: Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) accounted for 74.3% (495/666) of the patients with HPN, of whom 69.1% (342/495) were genetically confirmed. The most common genes of CMT were PMP22 duplication, MFN2 and GJB1 mutations, which accounted for 71.3% (244/342) of the patients with genetically confirmed CMT. Hereditary motor neuropathy (HMN) accounted for 16.1% (107/666) of HPN, and 43% (46/107) of HPN was genetically confirmed. The most common genes of HMN were HSPB1, aminoacyl tRNA synthetases and SORD mutations, which accounted for 56.5% (26/46) of the patients with genetically confirmed HMN. Most genes associated with HMN could cause different phenotypes. HMN and CMT shared many genes ( e.g. HSPB1 , GARS , IGHMBP2 ). Some genes associated with dHMN-plus shared genes associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ( KIF5A , FIG4 , DCTN1 , SETX , VRK1 ), hereditary spastic paraplegia ( KIF5A , ZFYVE26 , BSCL2 ) and spinal muscular atrophy ( MORC2 , IGHMBP , DNAJB2 ), suggesting that HMN was a continuum rather than a distinct entity. Hereditary sensor and autosomal neuropathy (HSAN) accounted for a small proportion of 2.6% (17/666) in HPN. The most common pathogenic gene was SPTLC1 mutation. TTR was the main gene causing hereditary amyloid peripheral neuropathy. The most common types of gene mutations were p.A117S and p.V50M. The symptoms were characterized by late-onset and prominent autonomic nerve involvement., Conclusion: CMT and HMN are the most common diseases of HPN. There is a large overlap between HMN and motor-CMT2 pathogenic genes, and some HMN pathogenic genes overlap with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, hereditary spastic hemiplegia and spinal muscular atrophy, suggesting that there may be a potential common pathogenic pathway between different diseases.
Published: 2022

25. [Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a review of the current state of basic research and clinical trials].

Author: Tang L and Fan DS
Subjects: Clinical Trials as Topic, Humans, Mutation, Superoxide Dismutase genetics, Superoxide Dismutase-1, Zinc, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis therapy
Published: 2022
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26. [Research progress on the early recurrence of acute ischemic stroke].

Author: Zhang GQ, Zhang HG, and Fan DS
Subjects: Humans, Recurrence, Risk Factors, Brain Ischemia, Ischemic Attack, Transient, Ischemic Stroke, Stroke therapy
Published: 2022
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27. Ultra-early amplitude decrement after repetitive nerve stimulation supports early neuromuscular junction injury in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a prospective cross-sectional study.

Author: Ma JY, Liu XY, Zhang S, and Fan DS
Abstract: The dying-back hypothesis holds that the damage to neuromuscular junctions and distal axons in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis occurs at the earliest stage of the disease. Previous basic studies have confirmed early damage to neuromuscular junctions, but it is difficult to obtain such evidence directly in clinical practice. In this prospective cross-sectional study, we recruited 22 patients with early amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with disease duration < 12 months and with clinical symptoms limited to the upper limbs. We also recruited 32 healthy controls. Repetitive nerve stimulation was performed, and patients were followed for 12 months. We found a significant change in the response to repetitive nerve stimulation in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients without spontaneous electromyographic activity. Patients that were prone to denervation had an increased decrement response of target muscles after repetitive nerve stimulation. These results suggest that changes in response to repetitive nerve stimulation may occur before denervation in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients. The damage to lower motor neurons is more obvious in patients with a higher percentage of repetitive never stimulation-related amplitude decrements. This study was approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee of Peking University Third Hospital (approval No. M2017198) on August 24, 2017., Competing Interests: None
Published: 2022
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28. [Evaluation of vestibular-evoked myogenic potential for functional integrity of the brain stem in Kennedy's disease].

Author: Zhang S, Liu XX, Yang X, Xu YS, Luo YM, and Fan DS
Subjects: Acoustic Stimulation, Brain Stem, Case-Control Studies, Electromyography, Humans, Bulbo-Spinal Atrophy, X-Linked, Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials
Abstract: Objective: To investigate whether vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials(VEMPs) can be used to assess brainstem involvement in patients with Kennedy's disease (KD). Method: This was a case-control study.Twenty consecutive patients with genetically confirmed KD and 20 age-and sex-matched healthy subjects were enrolled from November 2018 to September 2020.All subjects were tested for three types of VEMPs, including cervical VEMP (c-VEMP) recorded by the sternocleidomastoid muscle (parameter:p13, n23), masseter VEMP (m-VEMP) recorded by the masseter muscle(parameter: p11), and ocular VEMP (o-VEMP) recorded by the inferior oblique muscle (parameter n10, p15).The latency of each wave, interside peak latency and interpeak latency of c-VEMP, the corrected amplitude and amplitude asymmetry ratio were recorded. Bilateral sternocleidomastoid muscle (SCMM) electromyography (EMG) was performed. The spinal cord and bulbous muscular atrophy functional rating scale (SBMAFRS) was used for assessment. Results: The mean p13 latency of c-VEMP was (15.5±1.4)ms, which was longer than that of the control group[(13.3±0.9)ms]( P <0.05); the mean n23 latency was(25.5±1.4)ms, which was also longer than that of the control group[(22.5±1.0)ms] ( P <0.05); the difference of bilateral p13[(2.3±0.6)ms] was significantly higher than that of the control group( P <0.05). The abnormal rates of c-, m-, o-VEMP in KD patients were 75%(15/20), 30%(6/20) and 20%(4/20), respectively. There was a significant positive correlation between c-VEMP latency and course of disease in KD patients(left: r =0.715, 0.695, right: r = 0.708, 0.715, both P <0.05). However, c-VEMP latency was negatively correlated with SBMAFRS score (left: r =-0.701, -0.694, right: r =-0.644, -0.685, both P <0.05). Abnormal rates of SCMM EMG in KD group were as follows: 15%(3/20)of patients showed spontaneous potential in resting state and 45% (9/20) of patients exhibited simple recruitment. Conclusions: The c-VEMP latency is a sensitive tool for detecting lower brainstem involvement in patients with KD, and the degree of damage increases with prolongation of disease course. The o-and m-VEMP abnormalities indicate that some KD patients develop upper brainstem damage.
Published: 2022
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29. Autosomal recessive spinocerebellar ataxia type 4 with a VPS13D mutation: A case report.

Author: Huang X and Fan DS
Abstract: Background: Autosomal recessive spinocerebellar ataxia type 4 (SCAR4) is a type of SCA that is a group of hereditary diseases characterized by gait ataxia. The main clinical features of SCAR4 are progressive cerebellar ataxia, pyramidal signs, neuropathy, and macrosaccadic intrusions. To date, many gene dysfunctions have been reported to be associated with SCAR4., Case Summary: Here, we report a novel compound heterozygous mutation, c.3288delA (p.Asp1097ThrfsTer6), in the VPS13D gene in a young female Chinese patient. The patient found something wrong with her legs about 10 years ago and presented with the typical characteristics of SCAR4 when she came to the hospital, including ataxia, neuropathy, and positive pyramidal signs. She was then diagnosed with SCAR4 and went home with symptomatic schemes., Conclusion: SCAR4 is a hereditary disease characterized by ataxia, pyramidal signs, neuropathy, and macrosaccadic intrusions. We report a novel compound heterozygous mutation, c.3288delA (p.Asp1097ThrfsTer6), in the VPS13D gene, which enriches the gene mutation spectrum and provides additional information about SCAR4., Competing Interests: Conflict-of-interest statement: There are no conflicts of interest to disclose., (©The Author(s) 2022. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2022
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30. [Corneal confocal microscopy detects small-fiber neuropathy in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis].

Author: Wang HL, Fan DS, Zhang S, and Liu ZY
Subjects: Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Cornea diagnostic imaging, Female, Humans, Male, Microscopy, Confocal, Middle Aged, Nerve Fibers, Young Adult, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis complications, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis diagnostic imaging, Diabetic Neuropathies, Small Fiber Neuropathy diagnostic imaging
Abstract: Objective: To investigate small fiber neuropathy in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) by corneal confocal microscopy. Methods: A total of 57 ALS patients were consecutively enrolled in Department of Neurology between June 2015 and February 2016, including 37 men and 20 women with mean age 24-80 (52±11) years. There were 30 controls including 21 men and 9 women with mean age 23-76 (55±13) years. All subjects underwent corneal confocal microscopy (CCM), contact heat evoked potential (CHEP) and skin sympathetic reflection (SSR) to quantify small nerve fiber pathology. Four parameters, such as nerve fiber length (NFL), nerve branch density (NBD), nerve fiber density (NFD) and nerve fiber tortuosity (NFT) were assessed by corneal confocal microscopy. All statistical calculations were conducted using SPSS version 12.0. Results: Compared with control group, corneal nerve fiber length (NFL),nerve fiber density (NFD) were significantly decreased [(12.2±4.4)mm/mm 2 vs.(15.1±4.5) mm/mm 2 , P= 0.028;(50.8±24.0)/mm 2 vs. (68.3±16.4)/mm 2 , P= 0.002],and nerve fiber tortuosity (NFT) were significantly increased [(2.6±1.0)level vs.(1.0±0.5)level, P< 0.01)] in SFN group, while nerve branch density (NBD) were comparable ( P= 0.700).The course of disease is correlated with NFT ( r= 0.25, P= 0.030). Conclusions: CCM is a new sensitive noninvasive clinical technique that detects early small fiber nerve damage in patients with ALS.
Published: 2022
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31. [A case report of O'Sullivan-McLeod syndrome].

Author: Yu Z, Fu Y, and Fan DS
Subjects: Humans, Neuroacanthocytosis
Published: 2021
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32. [A case of primary bone lymphoma with nervous system symptoms as initial manifestation].

Author: Wu JY, Chen L, Song HS, Xu YS, and Fan DS
Subjects: Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Nervous System, Lymphoma diagnosis
Published: 2021
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33. Evaluation of chemical similarity among rhizome, pseudo stem and leaf of Musa basjoo by UPLC-ELSD fingerprint combined with chemo metrics methods.

Author: Huang XL, Wu HM, Xu F, Liang YQ, Wang YM, Fan DS, and Wang XP
Subjects: Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, Cluster Analysis, Drugs, Chinese Herbal, Dynamic Light Scattering, Plant Extracts analysis, Plant Stems chemistry, Principal Component Analysis, Musa chemistry, Plant Extracts chemistry, Plant Leaves chemistry, Rhizome chemistry
Abstract: Rhizoma Musa (the Rhizome of Musa basjoo Sied.et Zucc.) is used as a traditional medical herb of Miao nationality in Guizhou province, in China. It has the efficacy of clearing heat and detoxifying, quenching thirst, diuresis, etc. Modern pharmacological studies have shown that it has hypoglycemic, inhibition of α-glucosidase, and anti-inflammatory activity. However, when the rhizomes of Musa basjoo are dug up, the rhizomes are unable regenerate, and the pseudostem and leaf are discarded, which not only pollutes the environment, but also causes a huge waste of herb resources. In this study, a UPLC-ELSD fingerprint analysis with chemometric method was applied for the evaluation of chemical similarity among rhizome, pseudostem and leaf of Musa Basjoo. The results indicated that the combined method could efficiently analyze and compare the chemical similarity among rhizome, pseudostem, and leaf of Musa Basjoo. The proposed method provides the foundation for the resource substitution of the rhizome, pseudostem, and leaf of Musa Basjoo.
Published: 2021

34. [Association between rare UBQLN2 variants and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in Chinese population].

Author: Chen JY, Liu XY, Xu YS, and Fan DS
Subjects: Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing, Autophagy-Related Proteins, Cell Cycle Proteins genetics, Cell Cycle Proteins metabolism, China, Female, Humans, Male, Mutation, Ubiquitins genetics, Ubiquitins metabolism, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis genetics
Abstract: Objective: To explore the association between rare UBQLN2 variants and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) in Chinese population, and the characteristic of phenotypes of their carriers. Methods: A total of 166 ALS patients who visited Department of Neurology of Peking University Third Hospital between January 2018 and July 2020 were recruited. The next-generation sequencing was performed to screen possible pathogenic rare variants of UBQLN2. Meanwhile, control individuals were obtained from 1000 Genome Project (2 504 samples) and an in-house whole-exome sequencing database (1 812 samples), separately. The sequence kernel association test (SKAT) and the SKAT-optimal test (SKAT-O) were used to identify the association between UBQLN2 rare variants and ALS. The clinical characteristics of rare variant carriers were analyzed. Results: A total of 33 familiar ALS and 133 sporadic ALS of Chinese ancestry were enrolled. Of the 166 ALS patients, 12.7% had bulbar-onset, 85.5% had limb-onset, and 5 cases were ALS with frontotemporal dementia (3.0%). The male-to-female ratio was 1.68∶1, with a mean age at symptom onset of (43.8±12.2) years. Three possible pathogenic rare variants of UBQLN2 were detected, including c.128A>G (p.Lys43Arg), c.142G>T (p.Val48Leu) and c.1451T>G (p.Val484Gly), and all of them were novel missense mutations. Compared with 1000 Genome Project, SKAT and SKAT-O showed a P value of 2.49×10 -6 and 9.22×10 -7 , respectively. While compared with the in-house database, SKAT and SKAT-O revealed a P value of 1.42×10 -3 and 1.10×10 -3 , respectively. Patients who carried rare UBQLN2 variants were with a higher rate of bulbar-onset (2/3 vs 19/163, P =0.042). Conclusion: Rare variants of UBQLN2 are associated with ALS in Chinese population, and mutation of UBQLN2 may be relevant to bulbar-onset.
Published: 2021
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35. Clinical characteristics of patients with motor neuron disease and concurrent tumors.

Author: Li Y, Chen L, Zhang N, and Fan DS
Subjects: Humans, Motor Neuron Disease diagnosis, Neoplasms
Published: 2020
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36. [Myasthenia gravis with solitary involvement of masticatory and pharyngeal muscles and thymoma： a case report].

Author: Yu Z, Sun AP, Ma Y, Huang X, Mubalake Y, and Fan DS
Subjects: Humans, Masticatory Muscles pathology, Myasthenia Gravis diagnosis, Pharyngeal Muscles pathology, Thymoma diagnosis, Thymus Neoplasms diagnosis
Published: 2020
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37. [Decremental responses to repetitive nerve stimulation at slow rates in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis].

Author: Ma JY, Liu XY, and Fan DS
Subjects: Electric Stimulation, Electromyography, Humans, Motor Neurons, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis therapy
Published: 2020
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38. A case of de novo dynamin 2 (DNM2)-related centronuclear myopathy with electrical but not clinical myotonia.

Author: Huang X, Liu XY, Chen L, Sun AP, Zhang YS, Zheng DF, Zhong YF, and Fan DS
Subjects: Dynamin II genetics, Humans, Muscle, Skeletal, Mutation, Myopathies, Structural, Congenital diagnosis, Myopathies, Structural, Congenital genetics, Myotonia
Published: 2020
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39. Efficacy of cattle encephalon glycoside and ignotin in patients with acute cerebral infarction: a randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled study.

Author: Zhang H, Li CL, Wan F, Wang SJ, Wei XE, Hao YL, Leng HL, Li JM, Yan ZR, Wang BJ, Xu RS, Yu TM, Zhou LC, and Fan DS
Abstract: Cattle encephalon glycoside and ignotin (CEGI) injection is a compound preparation formed by a combination of muscle extract from healthy rabbits and brain gangliosides from cattle, and it is generally used as a neuroprotectant in the treatment of central and peripheral nerve injuries. However, there is still a need for high-level clinical evidence from large samples to support the use of CEGI. We therefore carried out a prospective, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled study in which we recruited 319 patients with acute cerebral infarction from 16 centers in China from October 2013 to May 2016. The patients were randomized at a 3:1 ratio into CEGI (n = 239; 155 male, 84 female; 61.2 ± 9.2 years old) and placebo (n = 80; 46 male, 34 female; 63.2 ± 8.28 years old) groups. All patients were given standard care once daily for 14 days, including a 200 mg aspirin enteric-coated tablet and 20 mg atorvastatin calcium, both taken orally, and intravenous infusion of 250-500 mL 0.9% sodium chloride containing 40 mg sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate. Based on conventional treatment, patients in the CEGI and placebo groups were given 12 mL CEGI or 12 mL sterile water, respectively, in an intravenous drip of 250 mL 0.9% sodium chloride (2 mL/min) once daily for 14 days. According to baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale scores, patients in the two groups were divided into mild and moderate subgroups. Based on the modified Rankin Scale results, the rate of patients with good outcomes in the CEGI group was higher than that in the placebo group, and the rate of disability in the CEGI group was lower than that in the placebo group on day 90 after treatment. In the CEGI group, neurological deficits were decreased on days 14 and 90 after treatment, as measured by the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale and the Barthel Index. Subgroup analysis revealed that CEGI led to more significant improvements in moderate stroke patients. No drug-related adverse events occurred in the CEGI or placebo groups. In conclusion, CEGI may be a safe and effective treatment for acute cerebral infarction patients, especially for moderate stroke patients. This study was approved by the Ethical Committee of Peking University Third Hospital, China (approval No. 2013-068-2) on May 20, 2013, and registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (registration No. ChiCTR1800017937)., Competing Interests: None
Published: 2020
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40. [Calculation of the prevalence of progressive muscular atrophy among adults in China based on urban medical insurance data from 15 provinces].

Author: Xu L, Chen L, Fan DS, Feng JN, Liu LL, Zhan SY, and Wang SF
Subjects: Adult, Aged, China, Female, Humans, Male, Prevalence, Retrospective Studies, Urban Population, Muscular Atrophy, Spinal
Abstract: Objective: To analyze the characteristics of patients with progressive muscular atrophy (PMA) and calculate the prevalence of PMA in China in 2016., Methods: A retrospective analysis based on China's urban employee basic medical insurance data and the urban residence basic medical insu-rance data from January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2016 was carried out. Children under 18 years old were excluded. Patients with progressive muscular atrophy were identified by disease names and codes. Subgroup analyses by gender, region and age were carried out to calculate the gender-specific, region-specific and age-specific prevalences. Age-adjusted national prevalence was estimated based on 2010 Chinese census data. Sensitivity analyses were done by only considering the observed cases and by excluding the top 10% provinces regarding the missing rate of diagnostic information, respectively., Results: A total of 996.09 million person-years were included in this study, with 518.41 million person-years in males and 477.67 million person-years in females. The age and gender distribution of the study population was similar to that of the 2010 Chinese census data, therefore the study population was nationally representative. The prevalence of PMA in China in 2016 was 0.28 per 100 000 person-years (95% CI : 0.24-0.33), with 0.21 per 100 000 person-years (95% CI : 0.16-0.26) and 0.35 per 100 000 person-years (95% CI : 0.28-0.42) for females and males, respectively. Regional disparity existed in the Chinese PMA prevalence, with the lowest prevalence in Southwest region (0.11 per 100 000 person-years, 95% CI : 0.07-0.15) and the highest prevalence in Northwest region (3.47 per 100 000 person-years, 95% CI : 0.80-7.99). Age trend in the PMA prevalence was not obvious, but the prevalence among those aged 70 years and older was relatively higher. The age-adjusted prevalence based on 2010 Chinese census data was 0.29 per 100 000 person-years (95% CI : 0.27-0.31). The national prevalences calculated by only considering the observed cases and by excluding the top 10% provinces regar-ding the missing rate of diagnostic information were 0.17 per 100 000 person-years (95% CI : 0.14-0.20) and 0.24 per 100 000 person-years (95% CI : 0.20-0.28), respectively., Conclusion: This study is to calculate the prevalence of PMA among adults in urban China, which can provide basic statistics for the enactment of PMA related medical policies, and clues for the studies on the mechanisms of PMA.
Published: 2020
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41. [The diagnostic value of tremor analysis for defining the Parkinson's disease subtype].

Author: Liu XX, Zhang S, Liu N, Sun AP, Zhang YS, and Fan DS
Subjects: Age of Onset, Aged, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Gait, Gait Disorders, Neurologic etiology, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Parkinson Disease complications, Parkinson Disease diagnosis, Tremor etiology, Gait Disorders, Neurologic physiopathology, Parkinson Disease classification, Parkinson Disease physiopathology, Tremor physiopathology
Abstract: Objective: To find more objective evidence and support for clinical classification of Parkinson's disease by means of tremor analysis in patients with early confirmed Parkinson's disease. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted to collect 65 patients with early Parkinson's disease treated in the Third Hospital of Peking University from January 2015 to December 2016. Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS), Hoehn-Yahr scale (H-Y scale), Mini-mental state examination (MMSE), Hamilton depression scale (HAMD) were recorded in all patients. According to the ratio of UPDRS rigidity score to tremor score, the patients were divided into tremor dominant (TD), postural instability/gait difficulty (PIGD) and mixed types. All patients were examined by tremor analysis and the results were analyzed and compared. Results: Among the 65 patients, the mean age of onset was (63±10) years, the course of disease was (14±8) months. Twenty-one patients were classified to TD group, 28 patients were classified to PIGD type, and 16 patients with mixed type. There was no significant difference in frequency and amplitude of tremor between the three groups ( P> 0.05), but the proportion of alternating contraction and harmonic resonance of active and antagonistic muscles in TD group was significantly higher ( P< 0.05). Twenty patients (71.4%) in TD group showed typical Parkinson's disease manifestations in tremor analysis. Only four patients (14.3%) in PIGD group showed the typical manifestations. More patients in PIGD group showed no clear main peak of tremor at rest. Some patients showed 6-8 Hz/sec peak frequency in posture position and simultaneous contraction of the active and antagonist muscles. These two manifestations occured simultaneously in mixed type patients, including 10 cases (62.5%) with typical Parkinson's disease manifestations. Conclusion: As an objective electrophysiological method to evaluate tremor type, tremor analysis can be used as an important assistant method for clinical classification of Parkinson's disease. It can provide information of the pathway of pathological loss in different types and give important hints in prognosis and treatment.
Published: 2020
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42. [Diagnostic value of tremor analysis in identifying the early Parkinson's syndrome].

Author: Liu XX, Zhang S, Liu N, Sun AP, Zhang YS, and Fan DS
Subjects: Humans, Middle Aged, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Parkinson Disease, Tremor
Abstract: Objective: To investigate the diagnostic value of tremor analysis in early stages of Parkinson's syndrome, when the clinical symptoms of tremor onset are not unilaterally often able for a definite diagnosis to be made., Methods: We included 70 patients with unilateral tremor, under 45 years old and disease duration within 3 years enrolled in Peking University Third Hospital from January, 2014 to December 2015. We recorded clinical features, unified Parkinson's disease rating scale (UPDRS)-III, non-motor symptom (NMS) scores. Tremor analysis and transcranial sonography were performed for all the patients. Based on the results of tremor analysis, we arbitrarily divided the patients into 3 groups: (1) The patients with classical Parkinson's syndrome manifestations on one side (25 cases); (2) The patients with classical Parkinson's syndrome manifestations on both sides (15 cases); (3) The patients with no classical Parkinson's syndrome manifestations (30 cases). The patients were monitored every 6 months to 3 years, until the final diagnosis was made., Results: There was no significant difference in age, gender distribution, Hamilton depression scale (HAMD) scores and H-Y scores among the three groups (P>0.05). The average UPDRS-III motor scores of the three groups were significantly different (P=0.001), with 18.23, 18.79 and 14.67, respectively. The average scores of NMS were significantly different, with 15.81, 17.07 and 9.90, respectively (P<0.001). The positive rates of transcranial sonography (TCS) in the three groups were 48.0%, 60.0% and 26.67%, with no significant difference (P=0.702). After three years of follow-up, 35 patients (50%) met the diagnostic criteria of Parkinson's disease of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society (MDS) in 2015, 19 patients (27.1%) met the criteria of idiopathic tremor, and 7 patients (10%) met the criteria of Parkinson's plus syndrome. The sensitivity and specificity of tremor analysis for early diagnosis of Parkinson's disease were 82.8% and 68.6%, respectively. Compared with TCS, the sensitivity and specificity of TCS were 65.7% and 62.9%. There were consistency (Kappa=0.568) and significant difference (P=0.031) between the two methods., Conclusion: Tremor analysis is sensitive and a superior way in identifying early Parkinson's syndrome patients with tremor dominant manifestation. The combination of non-motor symptoms and transcranial sonography are also needed at diagnosis.
Published: 2019

43. [Clinical and neuroimaging features in 6 patients with corticobasal syndrome].

Author: Sun QL, Yang Q, Sun AP, Fu Y, and Fan DS
Subjects: Basal Ganglia Diseases diagnosis, Basal Ganglia Diseases pathology, Brain diagnostic imaging, Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration pathology, Humans, Neurodegenerative Diseases pathology, Retrospective Studies, Syndrome, Cerebral Cortex diagnostic imaging, Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration diagnosis, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Neurodegenerative Diseases diagnosis, Neuroimaging, Positron-Emission Tomography
Abstract: The clinical and imaging data in 6 patients with corticobasal syndrome were retrospectively analyzed. Six patients presented asymmetric clinical symptoms, including 5 with cognitive impairment, 6 with emotional disorders, 2 with cortical sensory deficit, 5 with lalopathy, and 4 with apraxia. All patients developed limb dystonia and limb or trunk stiffness, 4 with tumble, 4 with bradykinesia, and 2 with tremor. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed that 4 patients had unilateral cerebral atrophy and 2 had mild atrophy of bilateral hippocampus. Localized low glucose metabolism in the unilateral cerebral lobe was seen in four patients by positron emission computed tomography (PET) examination, suggesting that PET is helpful for the diagnosis of corticobasal syndrome.
Published: 2019
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44. [Application value of motor unit number index in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis].

Author: Zhang S, Liu XX, and Fan DS
Subjects: Action Potentials, Electromyography, Humans, Motor Neurons, Muscle, Skeletal, Peroneal Nerve, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Abstract: Objective: To investigate the application value of motor unit number index (MUNIX) for diagnosis and assessment progress in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Method: Sixty healthy controls and 60 ALS patients in the clinic were enrolled from May 2017 to December 2018. The bilateral deltoid, abductor digiti minimi, quadriceps femoris and tibialis anterior muscles of the subjects were detected by MUNIX method, and the negative peak amplitude of compound muscle action potential (CMAP) of ulnar nerve, femoral nerve, peroneal nerve, axillary nerve in bilateral was collected. MUNIX and motor unit size index (MUSIX) of muscles were compared between ALS group and control group. The difference between the MUNIX abnormal rate of muscles and abnormal rate of the corresponding CMAP negative peak amplitude in ALS patients was further compared. Meanwhile, the correlation between the disease course of ALS patients and MUNIX and MUSIX was analyzed. Results: Compared with the control group, the MUNIX values of the deltoid, abductor digiti minimi, quadriceps femoris and tibialis anterior decreased significantly (97±24 vs 183±38, 48±17 vs 191±39, 54±15 vs 159±22, 49±16 vs 147±25, all P <0.05). MUSIX values increased ((175±32) μV vs (47±15) μV, (189±34) μV vs (54±16) μV, (170±30) μV vs (49±13) μV, (190± 36) μV vs (48± 14) μV, all P <0.05)). In ALS patients, the abnormal rate of MUNIX was respectively 81%, 87%, 75% and 89%. The negative peak amplitude abnormal rate of corresponding neuralCMAP was 35%, 40%, 31% and 36%, respectively, with a significant difference ( P <0.05). There was a negative correlation between MUNIX value and the course of disease in ALS patients ( P <0.05), and a positive correlation between MUSIX value and the course of disease ( P <0.05). Conclusion: The MUNIX technique exhibits the features of quantifying the proximal upper and lower limb muscles and assessing the loss of motor units in motor neuron degeneration.
Published: 2019
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45. [Management of severe internal carotid stenosis with unruptured intracranial aneurysm].

Author: Zhao HY, Fan DS, and Han JT
Subjects: Carotid Artery, Internal, Humans, Retrospective Studies, Stents, Treatment Outcome, Carotid Stenosis, Embolization, Therapeutic, Intracranial Aneurysm
Abstract: Objective: To investigate the safety and feasibility of endovascular treatment for severe internal carotid artery stenosis (≥70%) with unruptured intracranial aneurysms., Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 213 cases with severe stenosis or occlusion of internal carotid artery, and those patients had been treated at Peking University Third Hospital, between January 2012 and July 2015. In the study, 14 (6.6%) cases were coexistence with unruptured intracranial aneurysms. The medical records, imaging data, treatment and prognosis were analyzed., Results: There were 15 aneurysms (11 after the stenosis, 1 before the stenosis, and 3 in the other drainage basin) in those 14 patients with severe stenosis or occlusion of internal carotid artery. One of the 14 patients underwent carotid endarterectomy, and the 11 patients were successfully implanted with an internal carotid stent (residual stenosis 0-30%, mean 6.4%). Two patients with internal carotid artery stenosis remained untreated. One of them had complete occlusion of the initial segment of the internal carotid artery and was not possible to be treated, and the other patient refused to treat with internal carotid stenosis. The sizes of aneurysms were 1.0-7.0 mm, with an average of (2.8±1.5) mm. Three cases were treated with stenosis and aneurysms treated at the same time, and stent assisted coil embolization was performed in all the aneurysms, including 1 case that treated aneurysm before the stenosis. One patient refused surgical treatment of unruptured aneurysm, and no treatment was given to 10 patients who had small unruptured aneurysms (<5.0 mm). No perioperative complications were observed during the perioperative period. Three cases were lost with the follow-up, and the other 11 patients were followed up for 15-55 months, with a median of 37 months, and had good prognosis., Conclusion: Our results suggest that patient coexistance with severe internal carotid stenosis and unruptured intracranial aneurysms should be treated individually according to the location and size of aneurysms. Moreover, the presence of a small intracranial aneurysm (<5.0 mm) does not seem to increase the risk of endovascular stenosis in patients with severe internal carotid stenosis.
Published: 2019

46. [Establishment of motor unit number index detection method].

Author: Zhang S, Liu XX, and Fan DS
Subjects: Electromyography, Female, Healthy Volunteers, Humans, Male, Peroneal Nerve, Motor Neurons, Muscle, Skeletal
Abstract: Objective: An electrophysiological technique was established to determine Motor Unit Number Index (MUNIX), and to investigate the stability of MUNIX. Methods: Fifty healthy subjects (25 males and 25 females) from the Outpatient Service of Peking University Third Hospital between December 2017 and September 2018 were included and divided into 5 groups according to age. The relevant parameters were detected in bilateral deltoid muscle (axillary nerve), double little finger abductor muscle (ulnar nerve), double quadriceps muscle (femoral nerve), double tibialis anterior muscle (peroneal nerve). The same muscle and the same healthy subjects were tested again three months later. Three-step detection were conducted: first, the surface electrode was attached to the muscle belly of each muscle, and the reference electrode was placed 2-3 cm away from the muscle belly. At the same time, the maximum compound muscle action potential (CMAP) of corresponding nerve was obtained, and the negative peak amplitude was measured. The second step was to collect the interference phase of the surface electromyography (SIP). There were 10 levels in total. And the measurement was repeated for three times, and the whole interference phase range was measured in the end. In the third step, the negative peak amplitude and SIP value of CMAP were substituted into the Excel table, and the MUNIX and motor unit number size (MUSIX) values were automatically calculated by the instrument through mathematical functions. Results: The mean MUNIX values of deltoid, extensor little finger, quadriceps femoris and tibial anterior were 193.2, 189.0, 159.7, 147.2, MUSIX were 46.9, 54.3, 49.6, 48.1 μV, respectively. The detection rates of MUNIX and MUSIX in the four muscles were 100%, respectively. With the increase of age, it could be seen that MUNIX declined, with statistically significant difference ( P <0.05), but there was no significant change in MUSIX. There was no statistically significant difference in MUNIX and MUSIX between different gender, lateral sides and baseline and 3-month's reexamination results ( P >0.05). Conclusions: MUNIX technology can improve the motor unit count of proximal upper limb and lower limb muscles. Its parameters are monitored using a mathematical model based on the composite muscle action potential and the interference phase of surface electromyography. Result is stable and reliable.
Published: 2019
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47. Prognostic factors in ALS: a comparison between Germany and China.

Author: Dorst J, Chen L, Rosenbohm A, Dreyhaupt J, Hübers A, Schuster J, Weishaupt JH, Kassubek J, Gess B, Meyer T, Weyen U, Hermann A, Winkler J, Grehl T, Hagenacker T, Lingor P, Koch JC, Sperfeld A, Petri S, Großkreutz J, Metelmann M, Wolf J, Winkler AS, Klopstock T, Boentert M, Johannesen S, Storch A, Schrank B, Zeller D, Liu XL, Tang L, Fan DS, and Ludolph AC
Subjects: Age of Onset, Aged, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis mortality, Beijing epidemiology, Female, Germany epidemiology, Humans, Male, Prognosis, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis epidemiology, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis physiopathology, Disease Progression, Registries
Abstract: Objective: Several independent prognostic factors, such as age of onset, type of onset, body mass index (BMI), and progression rate have been identified for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) in Caucasians. The aim of this study was to identify such factors in Chinese patients and to compare their impact with German patients., Methods: Comparison of prognostic factors was based on two hospital-based registries. The registry of the German Network for Motor Neuron Diseases contains 3100 patients with ALS. The Chinese registry comprises 2101 patients who were collected between 2003 and 2015 in the metropolitan area of Beijing., Results: Disease progression was slower in China [median loss of 0.50 points (IQR 0.26-0.87 points) versus 0.55 points (IQR 0.28-1.00 points) of ALS functional rating scale revised (ALS-FRS-R) score per month; p < 0.0001]. Survival of patients with ALS was similar in Germany and China (p > 0.05). We found that younger age of onset (p < 0.0001), spinal onset (p < 0.0001), high BMI (p < 0.0001) and low progression rate (p < 0.0001) were positive prognostic factors in China as well as in Germany., Interpretation: Prognostic factors, which are known to modify the course of disease in Caucasians, apply to Chinese patients as well. The results indicate that despite the apparent differences regarding genotype and clinical phenotype, findings from interventional studies in Caucasians aiming at disease-modifying prognostic factors (such as body weight) may be transferred to Chinese patients.
Published: 2019
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48. [Detection of axillary nerve multisegment motor nerve conduction using magnetic stimulation].

Author: Zhang S, Liu XX, Xu J, Feng YL, and Fan DS
Subjects: Adult, Aged, Axilla, Electric Stimulation, Female, Humans, Magnetics, Male, Middle Aged, Upper Extremity, Brachial Plexus, Neural Conduction
Abstract: Objective: To establish a method for detecting multi-segmental motor nerve conduction of axillary nerve using magnetic stimulation technique, and to preliminarily discuss its clinical application value. Methods: From April 2017 to February 2018, 80 healthy volunteers, 40 male and 40 female, were included and divided into five groups according to age and gender (groupⅠwere <35 years old; groupⅡwere 35-44 years old; group Ⅲ were 45-54 years old; groups Ⅳ were 55-64 years old; groups Ⅴ aged 65-74). Axillary nerve recording electrodes were placed in the deltoid muscle belly, reference electrode was placed in the deltoid muscle check point. Using the magnetic stimulation coil, stimulation was released at spots which were, respectively, 2 fingers from the lateral side of subscapular fossa, 2 fingers from the lateral side of infraclavicular fossae, and Erb's point. The latency, amplitude, detection distance (stimulation to recording electrode) were recorded at each spot, and the height and arm length were also measured. Results: The detection rate of axillary nerve waveform in healthy volunteers was 97.2%. There were no statistically significant differences in latency and amplitude in the different sides, gender ( P> 0.05).The latency corresponding to different detection distances was compared, and the difference was statistically significant ( P< 0.05).Height and arm length in different age groups were significantly increased in groupsⅠ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ compared with groups Ⅳ and Ⅴ, with statistical significance ( P< 0.05). When compared among different age groups, the latency and amplitude of group Ⅳand Ⅴ (more than 55 years old and over) were significantly prolonged and decreased, with statistically significant differences ( P< 0.05). Conclusions: The method of detecting multi-segmental magnetic stimulation of axillary nerve is stable and the result is reliable, which makes the evaluation of the proximal nerve of upper limbs be possible. However, the biological effects of age on nerve conduction should be carefully considered.
Published: 2019
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49. A novel MYH7 mutation resulting in Laing distal myopathy in a Chinese family.

Author: Liu XY, Zhang YS, Sun AP, Zhong YF, Zheng DF, and Fan DS
Subjects: Adolescent, Adult, Asian People, Child, Creatine Kinase blood, Distal Myopathies blood, Female, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Mutation, Missense genetics, Pedigree, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide genetics, Young Adult, Cardiac Myosins genetics, Distal Myopathies genetics, Mutation genetics, Myosin Heavy Chains genetics
Published: 2019
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50. Correction to: Better survival in female SOD1 -mutant patients with ALS: a study of SOD1 -related natural history.

Author: Tang L, Ma Y, Liu XL, Chen L, and Fan DS
Abstract: [This corrects the article DOI: 10.1186/s40035-018-0142-8.].
Published: 2019
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