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12. Characteristics of balance disorder in patients with cerebral small vessel disease

Author

HE Dan, ZHANG He⁃yu, LIN Shao⁃ying, and FAN Yu⁃hua

Subjects
cerebral small vessel diseases, postural balance, magnetic resonance imaging, Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system, RC346-429
Abstract

Objective The present study aimed to explore the characteristics of balance instability in patients with cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD). Methods A total of 45 patients with CSVD and 37 age⁃, sex⁃, height⁃ and weight⁃matched healthy controls were recruited from April 2018 to August 2020. Imaging buden of CSVD was measured including lacunar infarct (LACI), white matter hyperintensity (WMH), cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) and enlarged perivascular space (EPVS). Balance function was measured by Tinetti Balance and Gait Analysis (TGBA). Horizontal and vertical directions of the different actions (standing on both feet + put hands to hips + open/closed eyes, standing on both feet + put hands to fronts + open/closed eyes) static balance data (including total movement speed, horizontal velocity and amplitude, vertical velocity and amplitude, coverage area of barycenter offset) were collected through a balance tester. Results All the CSVD patients demonstrated LACI, WMH, CMBs and EPVS, with a total CSVD burden score of 1, 2, 3 and 4 in 18 (40%), 15 (33.33%), 7 (15.56%) and 5 (11.11%) cases respectively. The ability of balance was similar between CSVD group and control group by TGBA score (t=1.431, P=0.156). In a standing position with their eyes open, the CSVD group demonstrated higher gravity excursion amplitude in horizontal direction, no matter they put their on their hips (t=3.718, P=0.000) or hands to their fronts (t=2.708, P=0.008), while they demonstrated higher gravity excursion velocity (t=2.292, P=0.025) and gravity excursion amplitude (t=2.679, P=0.009) in vertical direction and higher gravity excursion cover (t=4.457, P=0.000) when they put their hands to their fronts. In a standing position with their eyes closed, the CSVD group demonstrated higher total gravity excursion velocity (t=3.007, P=0.004; t=3.456, P=0.001), higher gravity excursion velocity (t=2.944, P=0.005; t=3.077, P=0.003) and gravity excursion amplitude (t=4.714, P=0.000; t=5.009, P=0.000) in horizontal direction, higher gravity excursion velocity（t=2.661, P=0.010; t=3.333, P=0.001) in vertical direction and higher gravity excursion cover (t=4.196, P=0.000; t=3.814, P=0.000), no matter they put their hands to their fronts or on their hips, while they demonstrated higher gravity excursion amplitude in vertical direction when they put their hands on their hips (t=3.053, P=0.003). Conclusions CSVD patients have impaired balance ability in early and medium stage, the balance tester plays a positive role in early detection of balance disorders in CSVD patients.

Published
2021
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13. Pathological changes and molecular ⁃ genetic mechanisms of cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy

Author

SUN Yuan⁃jing and FAN Yu⁃hua

Subjects
cadasil, receptor, notch3, pathology, molecular, review, Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system, RC346-429
Abstract

Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) is a inherited cerebral small vessel disease caused by Notch3 gene mutation. The molecular⁃genetic mechanisms of CADASIL have been still unclear. This review includes the physiopathology and gene mutation of CADASIL. We will focus on the underlying pathogenesis based on worldwide researches and literatures in recent years, including abnormal signaling of Notch3 protein and downstream targets, endoplasmic reticulum stress and activation of RhoA/Rho kinases, abnormal contraction, proliferation and differentiation of vascular smooth muscle cell, and autophagy defect of vascular smooth muscle cell.

Published
2021
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30. Two-Dimensional MOF Constructed by a Binuclear-Copper Motif for High-Performance Electrocatalytic NO Reduction to NH3

Author

Luo, Rong, Li, Bao-Jing, Wang, Zhan-Peng, Chen, Ming-Guang, Zhuang, Gui-Lin, Li, Quan, Tong, Jia-Ping, Wang, Wen-Tai, Fan, Yu-Hua, and Shao, Feng

Abstract

Ambient electrochemical NO reduction presents a dual solution for sustainable NO reduction and NH3synthesis. However, their complex kinetics and energy demands necessitate high-performance electrocatalysts to ensure effective and selective process outcomes. Herein, we report that a two-dimensional Cu-based metal–organic framework (MOF), {[Cu(HL)]·H2O}n, (Cu-OUC, H3L = 5-(2′-carboxylphenoxy)isophthalic acid) acts as a stable electrocatalyst with high efficiency for NO-to-NH3conversion. Electrochemical experimental studies showed that in 0.1 M K2SO4solution, the as-prepared Cu-OUCachieved a peak Faradaic efficiency of 96.91% and a notable NH3yield as high as 3415.82 μg h–1mg–1. The Zn–NO battery in aqueous solution can produce electricity possessing a power density of 2.04 mW cm–2while simultaneously achieving an NH3yield of 616.92 μg h–1mg–1. Theoretical calculations revealed that the surface of Cu-OUCeffectively facilitates NO activation through a two-way charge transfer mechanism of “electron acceptance and donation”, with the *NO formation step being the potential-determining stage. The study pioneers the use of a MOF as an electrocatalyst for ambient NO-to-NH3conversion.

Published
2024
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