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For improving the corrosion resistance of 904L stainless steel under high Cl- concentration environment with different pH values condition，the corrosion behavior of 904L austenitic stainless steel in 100 g/L NaCl solution at different pH values was studied by cyclic polarization curves，electrochemical impedance spectroscopy，Olympus confocal microscopy，scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS).Results showed that the corrosion resistance of 904L stainless steel increased with the increase of pH value，EIS consisted of two capacitive reactance arcs，and the radius of capacitive reactance arc increased with the increase of pH value，and the capacitive reactances were all in the same order of magnitude.Meanwhile，lower pH value conditions could enhance the destructive effect of Cl- on the passive film.With the decrease of pH value，the range of passive region of the material decreased.When the pH＝2，slight pitting occurred on the surface of the material.

Background: Cardiac shock wave therapy (CSWT) is a non-invasive new option for the treatment of chronic refractory angina pectoris (CRAP). This study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficiency of CSWT in the treatment of CRAP.Methods: Eighty-seven patients with CRAP were randomly allocated into CWST group (n = 46) and Control group (n = 41). Canadian Cardiovascular Society (CCS) grade of angina pectoris, Seattle Angina Questionnaire (SAQ) score, 6-min walk test (6MWT), weekly dosage of nitroglycerin, and myocardial perfusion on D-SPECT were determined at baseline and during the follow-up period. Adverse events were also evaluated.Results: CSWT was well-tolerated in the CSWT patients. CSWT significantly improved the CCS grade, SAQ score, and 6MWT (p < 0.05). Imaging examinations showed that the ischemic area was reduced after CSWT. However, no significant changes were observed in the Control group.Conclusions: CSWT may improve the myocardial perfusion and reduce clinical symptoms without increasing adverse effects in CRAP patients. It provides a non-invasive and safe clinical therapy for CRAP patients.Clinical Trial registration:www.ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: NCT03398096.

Based on the strict radiative transfer algorithm, a new method is developed to derive the precipitable water vapor (PWV) and aerosol optical depth (AOD) from the ground-based direct sun irradiance measurements. The attenuated direct irradiance from 300 to 1700 nm was measured by a pair of grating spectroradiometers, MS711 and MS712 produced by EKO Instruments, located at the Institute of Atmospheric Physics (IAP), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing (39.98 ∘ N, 116.38 ∘ E), from June 2020 to March 2021. Compared with regular sun photometers such as CE-318 and POM, EKO instruments can measure a wider range of continuous spectra, but their field of view (FOV) is also relatively large. In the PWV inversion of this work, a strong water vapor absorption band around 1370 nm is introduced to retrieve PWV in a relatively dry atmosphere. The circumsolar radiation (CSR) of the EKO instruments is corrected to reduce the influence of scattering from a relatively larger FOV on the AOD inversion. The PWV and AOD inversion results obtained by MS711 and MS712 are compared with the synchronous data of the CE-318 sun photometer. The two retrieval results are highly consistent. The correlation coefficient, mean bias, and standard deviation of PWVEKO and PWVCIMEL are 0.999, -0.027 cm (-2.42 %), and 0.054 cm (3.93 %), respectively, and the relative deviations of the differences between the two are slightly larger for drier air (PWV < 0.5 cm) and lower solar elevation angle. The correlation coefficients of AODEKO and AODCIMEL at 380, 440, 500, 675, 870, and 1020 nm are greater than 0.99, and the relative deviations vary between -6.59 % and 4.27 %. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the strict radiative transfer algorithm, a new method is developed to derive the Precipitable Water Vapor (PWV) and Aerosol optical depth (AOD) from the ground-based measurements of direct sun irradiance. The attenuated direct irradiance from 300 nm to 1700 nm with FWHM of 6.5 nm are measured by a pair of grating spectroradiometers MS711 and MS712, located at the Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (39.98° N, 116.38° E), from June 2020 to March 2021. Compared to that of regular sun photometers such as CIMEL and POM, a strong water vapor absorption band near 1370 nm is introduced to derive PWV for the relatively dry atmosphere. The PWV and AOD inversion results obtained by EKO are compared with the synchronous data of CIMEL, and the two are highly consistent. The correlation coefficient, mean bias and standard deviation of PWVEKO and PWVCIMEL are 0.999, -0.027 cm (-3.57 %) and 0.054 cm (3.93 %) respectively, and the relative deviations of the differences between the two are slightly larger for drier air (PWV<5 mm) and lower solar elevation angle. The correlation coefficients of AODEKO and AODCIMEL at 380, 440, 500, 675, 870, 1020 nm are greater than 0.99, and the relative deviations are between -13.59 % and 9.37 %. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Complex vertebral malformation (CVM) and bovine leukocyte adhesion deficiency (BLAD) are two autosomal recessive lethal genetic defects frequently occurring in Holstein cattle, identifiable by single nucleotide polymorphisms. The objective of this study is to develop a rapid and reliable genotyping assay to screen the active Holstein sires and determine the carrier frequency of CVM and BLAD in Chinese dairy cattle population. Results We developed real-time PCR-based assays for discrimination of wild-type and defective alleles, so that carriers can be detected. Only one step was required after the DNA extraction from the sample and time consumption was about 2 hours. A total of 587 Chinese Holstein bulls were assayed, and fifty-six CVM-carriers and eight BLAD-carriers were identified, corresponding to heterozygote carrier frequencies of 9.54% and 1.36%, respectively. The pedigree analysis showed that most of the carriers could be traced back to the common ancestry, Osborndale Ivanhoe for BLAD and Pennstate Ivanhoe Star for CVM. Conclusions These results demonstrate that real-time PCR is a simple, rapid and reliable assay for BLAD and CVM defective allele detection. The high frequency of the CVM allele suggests that implementing a routine testing system is necessary to gradually eradicate the deleterious gene from the Chinese Holstein population.

We present the mapping at fine spatial scale of aerosol optical properties using a mobile laboratory equipped with LIDAR (Light Detection And Ranging), sun photometer and in situ instruments for performing on-road measurements. The mobile campaign was conducted from 9 May to 19 May 2017 and had the main objective of mapping the distribution of pollutants in the Beijing and North China Plain (NCP) region. The highest AOD (Aerosol Optical Depth) at 440 nm of 1.34 and 1.9 were recorded during two heavy pollution episodes on 18 May and 19 May 2017, respectively. The lowest Planetary Boundary Layer (PBL) heights (0.5–1.5 km) were recorded during the heavy pollution events, correlating with the highest AOD and southern winds. The transport of desert dust from the Gobi Desert was captured during the mobile measurements, impacting Beijing during 9–13 May 2017. Exploring the NCP outside Beijing provided datasets for regions with scarce ground measurements and allowed the mapping of high aerosol concentrations when passing polluted cities in the NCP (Baoding, Tianjin and Tangshan) and along the Binhai New Area. For the first time, we provide mass concentration profiles from the synergy of LIDAR, sun photometer and in situ measurements. The case study along the Binhai New Area revealed mean extinction coefficients of 0.14 ± 0.10 km−1 at 532 nm and a mass concentration of 80 ± 62 μg/m3 in the PBL (<2 km). The highest extinction (0.56 km−1) and mass concentrations (404 μg/m3) were found in the industrial Binhai New Area. The PM10 and PM2.5 fractions of the total mass concentration profiles were separated using the columnar size distribution, derived from the sun photometer measurements. This study offers unique mobile datasets of the aerosol optical properties in the NCP for future applications, such as satellite validation and air quality studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, using Aerosol Robotic Network aerosol optical depth (AOD) products at three stations in the North China Plain (NCP)—a heavily polluted region in China—the AOD products from six satellite-borne radiometers: the Moderate Resolution Imagining Spectroradiometer (MODIS), the Multiangle Imaging Spectroradiometer (MISR), Ozone Mapping Imaging (OMI), the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer (VIIRS), the Sea-Viewing Wide Field-of-View Sensor (SeaWiFS), and Polarization and Directionality of the Earth's Reflectances (POLDER), were thoroughly validated, shedding new light on their advantages and disadvantages. The MODIS Deep Blue (DB) products provide more accurate retrievals than the MODIS Dark Target (DT) and other satellite products at the Beijing site (BJ, a megacity), with higher correlations with AERONET (R > 0.93), lower mean absolute bias (MB < 0.012), and higher percentages (>68%) falling within the expected error (EE). All MODIS DT and DB products perform better than the other satellite products at the Xianghe site (XH, a suburb). The MODIS/Aqua DT products at both 3-km and 10-km resolutions performed better than the other space-borne AOD products at the Xinglong site (XL, a rural area at the top of a mountain). MISR, VIIRS, and SeaWiFS tend to underestimate high AOD values and overestimate AOD values under very low AOD conditions in the NCP. Both OMI and POLDER significantly underestimate the AOD. In terms of data volume, MISR with the limited swath width of 380 km has less data volume than the other satellite sensors. MODIS products have the highest sampling rate, especially the MODIS DT and DB merged products, and can be used for various climate study and air-quality monitoring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]