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Objective: This study aimed to fully develop and utilize the resources of passion fruits. Methods: The volatile flavor compounds at different brewing stages were analyzed by GC-IMS technology. Results: A total of 63 kinds of flavor compounds were identified, including 26 kinds of esters, 10 kinds of alcohols, 9 kinds of aldehydes, 7 kinds of ketones, 6 kinds of alkanes, 2 kinds of acids, 2 kinds of furans and 1 kinds of ether. Principal components analysis （PCA） showed that the cumulative difference contribution rate of the first two principal components （PC1 and PC2） was 81.2%, indicating that the volatile flavor substances changed significantly during the brewing process. The differential metabolites with VIP ＞ 1 obtained by orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis （OPLS-DA） combined with the relative odor activity value （ROAV ≥ 1） suggested that the critical flavor substances contributing to the aroma of passion beer included hexyl acetate （apple, cherry flavor）, isoamyl acetate （banana flavor）, ethyl butyrate （banana, pineapple flavor）, 1-penten-3-one, acetic acid isobutyl ester （floral）, 3-methylbutyraldehyde （almond almond）, ethyl 3-methylbutyrate （apple flavor） and dimethyl sulfide （seafood flavor）. Conclusion: Passion beer is rich in nutrition and with unique flavor, and has broad prospects for future market.

The formation of membrane-less organelles is driven by multivalent weak interactions while mediation of such interactions by small molecules remains an unparalleled challenge. Here, we uncovered a bivalent inhibitor that blocked the recruitment of TDRD3 by the two methylated arginines of G3BP1. Relative to the monovalent inhibitor, this bivalent inhibitor demonstrated an enhanced binding affinity to TDRD3 and capability to suppress the phase separation of methylated G3BP1, TDRD3, and RNAs, and in turn inhibit the stress granule growth in cells. Our result paves a new path to mediate multivalent interactions involved in SG assembly for potential combinational chemotherapy by bivalent inhibitors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In cultured human glomerular epithelial cells (HGEC), 25 mM glucose resulted in decreased expression of [[alpha].sub.3-], [alpha]2-, and [beta]-integrins and increased expression of [[alpha].sub.3-] and [alpha]v[[beta].sub.3]-integrins. This change was accompanied by decreased binding of HGEC to type IV collagen. In the presence of normal (5 mM) glucose concentration, cell binding to type IV collagen was primarily mediated by [[alpha].sub.2][[beta].sub.1-] and [[alpha].sub.5][[beta].sub.1]-integrins, as indicated by experiments in which cell adhesion to type IV collagen was competed by specific anti-integrin monoclonal antibodies. In the presence of high (25 mM) glucose, the upregulated [[alpha].sub.5] and [[alpha].sub.v] [[beta].sub.3]-integrins were mainly involved in cell binding to type IV collagen. Furthermore, high glucose decreased expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), a collagenase regulated in part by [[alpha].sub.3][[beta].sub.1]-integrin, as suggested by the use of ligand-mimicking antibodies against these integrins, which resulted in release of increased amounts of MMP-2 in the culture medium. Finally, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2, the specific inhibitor of MMP-2, was upregulated in high glucose and could contribute to matrix accumulation. These changes could help explain basement membrane thickening in diabetes. matrixins; tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases; signaling; diabetes

Four new glucosides, named as gigantol-5-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (1), 9,10-dihydro-aphyllone A-5-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (2), ficusal-4-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (3), botrydiol-15-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (4), together with eight known compounds (5–12) were isolated from then-BuOH extract of the stems ofDendrobium fimbriatumHook. Their structures were elucidated by the analyses of spectroscopic data. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]