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Background: Aging is a natural biological process influenced by multiple factors and is a significant contributor to various chronic diseases. Slowing down the aging process and extending health span have been pursuits of the scientific field. Methods: Examination of the effects of dietary polyphenols on hallmarks of aging such as genomic instability, telomere attrition, epigenetic alterations, loss of proteostasis, disabled macroautophagy, deregulated nutrient-sensing, mitochondrial dysfunction, cellular senescence, stem cell exhaustion, altered intercellular communication, chronic inflammation, and dysbiosis. Results: Polyphenols, abundant in nature, exhibit numerous biological activities, including antioxidant effects, free radical scavenging, neuroprotection, and anti-aging properties. These compounds are generally safe and effective in potentially slowing aging and preventing age-related disorders. Conclusions: The review encourages the development of novel therapeutic strategies using dietary polyphenols to create holistic anti-aging therapies and nutritional supplements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mulberrin, a naturally occurring flavone found in mulberry and Romulus Mori, exhibits diverse biological functions. Here, we showed that mulberrin extended both the lifespan and healthspan in C. elegans. Moreover, mulberrin increased the worms' resistance to toxicants and activated the expression of detoxification genes. The longevity‐promoting effect of mulberrin was attenuated in nuclear hormone receptor (NHR) homologous nhr‐8 and daf‐12 mutants, indicating that the lifespan extending effects of mulberrin in C. elegans may depend on nuclear hormone receptors NHR‐8/DAF‐12. Further analyses revealed the potential associations between the longevity effects of mulberrin and the insulin/insulin‐like growth factor signaling (IIS) and adenosine 5′‐monophosphate‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathways. Together, our findings suggest that mulberrin may prolong lifespan and healthspan by activating detoxification functions mediated by nuclear receptors. Mulberrin is a natural occurring flavone in mulberry and Romulus Mori, which may extend lifespan and healthspan through the activation of NHRs mediated detoxification functions in C. elegans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stress granules (SGs) are membraneless organelles formed by eukaryotic cells in response to stress to promote cell survival through their pleiotropic cytoprotective effects. SGs recruit a variety of components to enhance their physiological function, and play a critical role in the propagation of pathological proteins, a key factor in neurodegeneration. Recent advances indicate that SG dynamic disorders exacerbate neuronal susceptibility to stress in neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) including Alzheimer's disease (AD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), frontotemporal dementia (FTD), Huntington's disease (HD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). Here, we outline the biological functions of SGs, highlight SG dynamic disorders in NDs, and emphasize therapeutic approaches for enhancing SG dynamics to provide new insights into ND intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and hepatic fibrosis are leading causes of cirrhosis with rising morbidity and mortality worldwide. Currently, there is no appropriate treatment for NASH and hepatic fibrosis. Many studies have shown that oxidative stress is a main factor inducing NASH. Nomilin (NML) and obacunone (OBA) are limonoid compounds naturally occurring in citrus fruits with various biological properties. However, whether OBA and NML have beneficial effects on NASH remains unclear. Here, we demonstrated that OBA and NML inhibited hepatic tissue necrosis, inflammatory infiltration and liver fibrosis progression in methionine and choline‐deficient (MCD) diet, carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)‐treated and bile duct ligation (BDL) NASH and hepatic fibrosis mouse models. Mechanistic studies showed that NML and OBA enhanced anti‐oxidative effects, including reduction of malondialdehyde (MDA) level, increase of catalase (CAT) activity and the gene expression of glutathione S‐transferases (GSTs) and Nrf2‐keap1 signaling. Additional, NML and OBA inhibited the expression of inflammatory gene interleukin 6 (Il‐6), and regulated the bile acid metabolism genes Cyp3a11, Cyp7a1, multidrug resistance‐associated protein 3 (Mrp3). Overall, these findings indicate that NML and OBA may alleviate NASH and liver fibrosis in mice via enhancing antioxidant and anti‐inflammation capacity. Our study proposed that NML and OBA may be potential strategies for NASH treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Strength is a crucial performance indicator for evaluating the durability of pervious concrete (PC). However, there are few models for estimating the remaining strength of in-service PC in sulfate and dry-wet cycle circumstances. Even though there are already direct detection methods for strength, nondestructive testing methods are still worth additional research. This paper aims to give a calculation model for the residual strength of PC under corrosion conditions based on ultrasonic methods, which is economical and convenient for engineering applications. The apparent morphological, compressive strength, and ultrasonic velocity of PC against sulfate and dry-wet cycle attack were examined. The results highlight that the primary cause of the macroscopic mechanical deterioration is the worsening in interface strength. Furthermore, the compressive strength and ultrasonic wave velocity of PC followed the same trends during sulfate and dry-wet cycles, increasing first and subsequently decreasing. Additionally, using the curve-fitting approach, an empirical model of strength deterioration based on ultrasonic velocity was developed and validated utilizing experimental data, demonstrating that the proposed model could more accurately define the strength progression. The results can provide an effective calculation method for monitoring the residual strength of PC pavement engineering in a corrosive environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fine‐grained and dense highly transparent Y2O3 ceramics have been successfully prepared using high sintering activity mesoporous Y2O3 powders without any additive by spark plasma sintering (SPS). The influences of the sintering temperature on microstructure, density, optical, and mechanical properties of SPS‐sintered Y2O3 ceramics were studied in detail. As results, the optimal Y2O3 ceramics with high relative density of 99.90% and fine average grain size of 140 nm were obtained at a low sintering temperature of 1140°C and a moderate load pressure of 60 MPa for 5 min. Meanwhile, the dense Y2O3 ceramics with 1 mm thickness after annealing show a high linear transmittance of 78% (close to 94% of the theoretical value) at 2.4–3 µm wavelength. In additions, the Vickers hardness and fracture toughness of samples can reach 8.48 GPa and 1.45 MPa m1/2, respectively. This result proves that the high activity of mesoporous Y2O3 is considered to be an important means for preparing high‐performance fine Y2O3 ceramics at low sintering temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nomilin is one of the major limonoids, which are plant secondary metabolites also known as tetranortriterpenoids. Nomilin is found mostly in common edible citrus fruits including lemons, limes, oranges, grapefruits, mandarins, along with traditional Chinese medicines derived from citrus fruits, such as tangerine seed, tangerine peel, fructus aurantii immaturus, etc. A number of studies have demonstrated that nomilin and its analogues exhibit a variety of biological and pharmacological activities. These include anti-cancer, immune-modulatory, anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity, anti-viral, anti-osteoclastogenic, anti-oxidant, and neuro-protective effects. Thus, nomilin and its analogues have emerged as a potential therapy for human diseases. The purpose of this review is to chronicle the evolution of nomilin research from examining its history, structure, occurrence, to its pharmacological and disease-preventing properties as well as its potential utilization in medicine and food science. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to high thermal conductivity and excellent laser irradiation resistance, composite phosphor ceramics (CPCs) have been widely acknowledged as ideal color converters in laser lighting. However, achieving high-efficiency laser lighting is significantly limited by the inefficient utilization of pumping light. Microstructural tailoring is recognized as a promising strategy to improve the light extraction efficiency, while it is restricted by the harsh preparation conditions. Herein, we propose a novel Y2O3-YAG:Ce CPC controllably prepared from mesoporous Y2O3 powders and YAG:Ce phosphors using spark plasma sintering at a low temperature of 1160 °C. Attributed to the introduced Rayleigh scattering centers tailored by fine ceramic grains and well-matching of refractive indexes between the phosphor and the matrix, the Y2O3-YAG:Ce CPC exhibits an ultra-high relative internal quantum efficiency of 107% compared to that of the YAG:Ce phosphor. Impressively, when irradiated under a 450 nm laser diode, the as-prepared CPC produces white light with a high luminous efficiency of 178.42 l m W−1 and a low correlated color temperature of 4638 K, reflecting the enhanced light conversion efficiency. Furthermore, the CPC presents a remarkable improvement in thermal stability (only 6% luminescence loss at 200 °C) and is able to withstand a high laser flux density up to 6.16 W mm−2. These results demonstrate that the optimized Y2O3-YAG:Ce CPCs with designed microstructures are well suited for solid-state laser lighting with high power and brightness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tangeretin is a polymethoxylated flavonoid naturally occurred in citrus fruits with many pharmacological activities, such as anti‐inflammatory, antiproliferative, and neuroprotective properties. A previous study reported that tangeretin‐enriched orange extract could prolong the lifespan in Caenorhabditis elegans. However, the antiaging effect of tangeretin remains uncertain. In this study, we used the model organism C. elegans to conduct a lifespan test, observed the aging‐related functional changes of nematodes, the fluorescence changes of stress‐related proteins (DAF‐16 and HSP‐16.2) and its response to stress assay, and monitored the effect of tangeretin on the mRNA expression levels. The results showed that tangeretin supplementation (30 and 100 μM) extended the mean lifespan, slowed aging‐related functional declines, and increased the resistance against heat‐shock stress. Furthermore, tangeretin upregulated the mRNA expression of daf‐16, hsp‐16.2, and hsp‐16.49, promoted the nuclear localization of DAF‐16, and enhanced the fluorescence intensity of HSP‐16.2, while it had no effect on the lifespan of daf‐2, age‐1, and daf‐16 mutants. The current findings suggest that tangeretin can significantly extend the lifespan and enhance heat stress tolerance in an insulin/insulin‐like growth factor signaling dependent manner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]