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[Objective] The engineering disturbances have triggered soil erosion events in subalpine meadows, intensify regional soil erosion and vegetation destruction. The relationship between physical and chemical properties and disintegration characteristics of subalpine meadow soils in central Yunnan was studied to provide reference for soil and water conservation and control and vegetation protection in sub-alpine meadow ecosystems. [Methods] By X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy scanning, and static water disintegration experiments were conducted to determine the physico-chemical properties, mineral composition, microscopic structure, and disintegration characteristics of subalpine meadow soils in central Yunnan. The correlation between soil disintegration and physico-chemical properties was analyzed to explore the reason of soil disintegration in sub-alpine meadows of central Yunnan. [Results] (1) The subalpine meadow soils in central Yunnan exhibited a high susceptibility to disintegration when encountering water. The resistance to disintegration of different parent materials in the same soil layer were as follows sandstone>limestone≈basalt. The characteristics of different soil layers in the same parent material were as follows leaching horizon>deposition layer>parent material layer. (2) Correlation analysis showed that the average soil disintegration rate was significantly negative correlated with organic matter (r=-0.84) and total nitrogen (r=-0.83), positively correlated with clay content (r=0.88), and positively correlated with montmorillonite (r=0.68) and hematite (r=0.77). (3) The main factors affecting the disintegration of subalpine meadow soils in central Yunnan were biological processes and swelling of hydrophilic clay minerals such as montmorillonite and illite. [Conclusion] The resistance to disintegration of subalpine meadow soils in central Yunnan was ranked as follows: Sandstone>limestone≈basalt for different parent materials, and leaching horizon>deposition layer>parent material layer for different soil layers. The subalpine meadow soil in central Yunnan was easy to disintegrate when exposed to water, the main factors affecting the disintegration of subalpine meadow soils in central Yunnan were biological processes and swelling of hydrophilic clay minerals such as montmorillonite and illite.

With the acceleration of the pace of life， increasing demand from consumers， and improvements in the supply chain， “prepared foods” have become popular in China’s food industry. The prepared foods industry has experienced rapid expansion， encompassing a wide variety of food types. This paper reviews the relevant standards of prepared foods， analyzes potential food safety risk factors， and provides a basis for enhancing the management of food safety in the prepared foods industry， to promote its healthy and sustainable development.

In recent years, the outbreak of mass loan suspension by homebuyers in China has triggered widespread concern about the regulation of presale deposits for commercial real estate. To optimize the supervision mechanism of presale deposits, the regulatory role of third-party institutions is being considered by local governments. However, the efficacy of third-party regulatory mechanisms is not guaranteed, and rent-seeking behaviors driven by substantial profits may lead to mechanism failures. By constructing evolutionary game models and analyzing system equilibriums under both administrative and third-party regulatory modes, this study investigates the effectiveness of introducing third-party institutions into the regulation of presale deposits for commercial real estate, proposes suggestions to mitigate developer speculative behavior and addresses the design challenges of local government optimal incentive contracts. Findings indicate that under the administrative regulatory mode, overly strict government regulation may inadvertently enhance the covert nature of developer speculation. The introduction of third parties effectively substitutes for government regulation and better suppresses developer speculative motives. In the setting of incentive mechanisms, the intensities of rewards and penalties need to satisfy different optimal solution relationships based on varying initial conditions. When establishing performance evaluation standards, governments should consider the magnitude of reward and penalty intensities to enhance the quality of third-party regulation. Specifically, when reward intensity exceeds penalty intensity, lowering performance evaluation standards is more conducive to achieving the ideal equilibrium of the system. Conversely, raising performance evaluation standards yields superior results. This study provides a comprehensive theoretical analysis and practical recommendations for the regulation of presale deposits in commercial real estate. Practical Applications: In construction and engineering projects, the regulation of presale deposits is crucial to ensure the orderly progress and timely delivery of projects. Comparing the evolutionary paths of administrative and third-party regulatory modes, this study reveals the feasibility of introducing third-party involvement in presale deposit regulation and the design of incentive contracts for local governments under the third-party regulatory model. First, third-party supervision serves as a clear substitute for administrative regulatory mode, and authorities can strategically replace certain aspects of government supervision with a carefully designed third-party mechanism to enhance the effectiveness of regulatory measures. Second, when introducing third-party involvement in supervision, the government should strike a balance based on factors such as compliance costs, rent-seeking benefits, and benchmark performance standards to ensure that third-party institutions have the incentive for positive compliance without imposing excessive burdens on them. Finally, in setting benchmark performance standards, if the intensity of rewards exceeds the intensity of penalties, it is recommended that the performance evaluation standards be lowered, and conversely, that the performance evaluation standards be raised. The research has a significant theoretical and practical significance for improving regulatory efficiency, ensuring the delivery of projects on schedule, protecting the rights and interests of homebuyers, and promoting the sustainable development of the construction project management industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Breast cancer is the most prevalent malignancy and the most significant contributor to mortality in female oncology patients. Potassium Two Pore Domain Channel Subfamily K Member 1 (KCNK1) is differentially expressed in a variety of tumors, but the mechanism of its function in breast cancer is unknown. In this study, we found for the first time that KCNK1 was significantly up-regulated in human breast cancer and was correlated with poor prognosis in breast cancer patients. KCNK1 promoted breast cancer proliferation, invasion, and metastasis in vitro and vivo. Further studies unexpectedly revealed that KCNK1 increased the glycolysis and lactate production in breast cancer cells by binding to and activating lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA), which promoted histones lysine lactylation to induce the expression of a series of downstream genes and LDHA itself. Notably, increased expression of LDHA served as a vicious positive feedback to reduce tumor cell stiffness and adhesion, which eventually resulted in the proliferation, invasion, and metastasis of breast cancer. In conclusion, our results suggest that KCNK1 may serve as a potential breast cancer biomarker, and deeper insight into the cancer-promoting mechanism of KCNK1 may uncover a novel therapeutic target for breast cancer treatment. KCNK1 is a potassium channel differentially expressed in many tumors, but the mechanisms underlying its function in breast cancer remain unclear. This study shows that KCNK1 is overexpressed in breast cancer promoting proliferation, invasion and metastasis by increasing glycolysis and activating Lactate Dehydrogenase A. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]