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This study explores how an inclusive governance of "niche" innovations with family farmers enables or limits the realization of just transitions in family farming at different scales, from the local to the national levels. The research focuses on a case study in the Brunca region of Costa Rica, which has pioneered innovations for bean research with family farmers. The primary source of information for the study was in-depth interviews with relevant stakeholders. Secondary information comes from a desk review of the relevant policies and strategic documents from the relevant authorities. Lastly, a semi-scoping review was conducted to explore gender and intergenerational gaps in plant breeding, as well as potential conflicts between plant breeding and on-farm agro-diversity. The inclusive governance of bean research contributes to the realization of just-transition dimensions of justice, such as recognitional, procedural, and distributional justice, as a result of farmers' engagement in participatory plant-breeding processes, and due to the coordination between different institutions at the local and national levels. Progress has been made in terms of the recognition and participation of farmers in research and in decision-making locally. The findings show interactions between the local and national scales, in terms of the commercialization of farmers' seeds. However, the Costa Rican program for bean research struggles to engage family farmers in national decision-making processes and falls short of addressing equality and intergenerational issues. It also faces challenges in reaching a balance between short-term income generation and long-term conservation of agro-biodiversity on the farm. Fostering just transitions in family farming would require a greater inclusion of women and youth by the Costa Rican bean system. This implies allocating resources to increase their capacities and participation in bean research, as well as in decision-making at all levels. This is imperative and could be achieved if the government and relevant stakeholders align their strategic objectives and priorities to shorten gender and intergenerational gaps within the bean production system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of GeSec: Revista de Gestao e Secretariado is the property of Sindicato das Secretarias e Secretarios do Estado de Sao Paulo (SINSESP) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Brazilian biodiversity results from a historical process that characterizes the dynamic interaction between traditional peoples and populations with nature itself. Traditional Agricultural Systems represent an expression of this socio-cultural construction, being fundamental for food security and sovereignty, the conservation of agricultural biodiversity, the mitigation and resilience to the effects of climate change, and the protection of intangible cultural heritage. Therefore, the conservation of these systems should be promoted by the State, based on the socio-environmental rights enshrined in the Federal Constitution. In this context, the objective of this article is to problematize the main existing national public policy instruments directed at this agenda, seeking to outline a baseline that can contribute to guiding future paths for governmental action in the coming years. Based on bibliographic and documental research, it can be affirmed that, although a public policy specifically dedicated to the theme, addressing the elements characterizing these systems in an integrated manner, has not yet been identified, important existing legal instruments in Brazil may inspire future actions with this direction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study is to understand the economic-ecological flows of Successional Agroforestry Systems (SAFS) in agroecological agroecosystems in the Serra dos Tapes region (RS). For this purpose, the LUME method was used: Economic-Ecological Assessment of Agroecosystems developed by the Advisory and Services for Projects in Alternative Agriculture (AS-PTA), based on its experiences accumulated since 1989. This method provides a theoretical-methodological and analytical apparatus for mixed model (quali-quantitative). With this tool, three agroecological agroecosystems that have been producing in SAFS for more than 10 years were studied. Among the main results, it was observed that they move up to 126 economic-ecological flows and that the Serra dos Tapes Successive Agroforestry Systems (SAFST) are expanding subsystems, presenting capacity and productive diversification. It is concluded that SAFST are multifunctional, that is, they fulfill their primary function of producing food, in addition to increasing biodiversity and improving the socioeconomic condition of the places studied, promoting territorial markets and being an important tool for the expanded reproduction of life in the context of agroecological family farming in this region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Economia e Sociologia Rural is the property of Sociedade Brasileira de Economia e Sociologia Rural and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Economia e Sociologia Rural is the property of Sociedade Brasileira de Economia e Sociologia Rural and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of GeSec: Revista de Gestao e Secretariado is the property of Sindicato das Secretarias e Secretarios do Estado de Sao Paulo (SINSESP) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of GeSec: Revista de Gestao e Secretariado is the property of Sindicato das Secretarias e Secretarios do Estado de Sao Paulo (SINSESP) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of GeSec: Revista de Gestao e Secretariado is the property of Sindicato das Secretarias e Secretarios do Estado de Sao Paulo (SINSESP) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of GeSec: Revista de Gestao e Secretariado is the property of Sindicato das Secretarias e Secretarios do Estado de Sao Paulo (SINSESP) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of GeSec: Revista de Gestao e Secretariado is the property of Sindicato das Secretarias e Secretarios do Estado de Sao Paulo (SINSESP) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The loss of biodiversity and the effects of climate change hurt agricultural production and food security in Peru and around the world. The family farming sector in Peru (97% of agricultural units - AU) faces numerous challenges when it comes to sustainably producing food. To sustain Peruvian agriculture in the face of climate change, climate-smart agricultural practices (CSA) and agrobiodiversity conservation are essential. This document characterizes the level of agrobiodiversity (index IDA) of family AUs in the Crisnejas basin and analyzes the impact of the elements that affect farmers' decisions to apply multiple CSA measures. CSA adoption decisions were analyzed using an econometric analysis framework combining multivariate and ordered probit models for 340 family AUs. Results indicate that AUs with a lower agrobiodiversity index (IDA) have a higher monthly income (IDA=0.56, 312 USD, Pearson binary correlation, CI = -0. 0.4107). The highest economic income AUs are located between 2500 and 3000 meters above sea level (352 USD, CI=-0.3551), have access to irrigation (365 USD, CI=-0.5225), and are also part of consolidated family farms (428 USD, CI=-0.2699). Based on the econometric results, farmers' decisions to adopt CSA practices are influenced by altitude, tenure, age, cultivated area, level of agrobiodiversity, and access to water. A larger number of household members, a better educational level, and a greater distance to the local market increase the probability of intensifying the use of CSA practices in the lower, middle, and upper basins, respectively (significant coefficient estimates, p-value < 0.05). Distance to the farms, cultivated area, and seed storage are other factors associated with the intensity of CSA use (p-value < 0.05). According to the findings, agrobiodiversity must be increased in Peruvian agriculture to achieve a functional and balanced system from an economic, ecological, and sociocultural perspective, as well as carefully developing adaptation/mitigation strategies to address the impacts of climate change on Peruvian agriculture.

There is an urgent demand to change our intensive crop production systems, replacing them with soil use and management systems that recover, preserve, or improve soil health and are environmentally sustainable, producing healthy and good-quality food. In this work, we compile and present strategies and public policies aimed toward soil and water conservation and food production in Brazil. The results presented may help Brazilian farmers adopt practices to recover, maintain, or improve soil health and politicians to create or modify public policies for healthy soil and food, without the necessity of increasing agricultural areas. Food insecurity was also addressed, with family farming playing an important role in food production and decreasing food insecurity. But these challenges need the combined efforts and engagement of the whole society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Artisanal manufacture of cassava flour in Brazil has a cultural and biological framework developed over generations of traditional rural workers. We conducted a broad study of flour production in the Extreme South of Bahia in 2019 across 30 rural settlements in 11 municipalities, where we evaluated 107 flour producers. Our results present the socioeconomic profiles of local farmers, cassava varieties, types of flour, particularities of production, and characteristics of commercialization. We highlight the multiple functions of artisanal production of cassava flour, especially as related to social and economic maintenance of households, the promotion of food security, and sovereignty within and around the communities, and the conservation of agrobiodiversity in the rural landscape. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is important to determine optimal experimental plot size in order to ensure accurate results and correct decision making. There are no studies of this nature for lima bean cultivation. As such, the aim of this study was to determine the optimal plot size to estimate lima bean yield in family farming and experimental areas, combining the number of treatments, repetitions, and accuracy levels. Experiments were conducted in two 12 m × 16 m plots, each subdivided into 192 basic units (BUs) measuring 1 m2. Bean weight was assessed in each of the units (g). Smith's index of soil heterogeneity and optimal plot size were estimated using the Modified Maximum Curvature Method and Hatheway's Method. The index of soil heterogeneity was higher than 0.7 for all the variables analyzed. Plot size between 10 m2 and 15 m2 is considered efficient in estimating lima bean weight. These first estimated optimal plot sizes will allow researchers and farmers who work with the crop to obtain more robust yield estimates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Desenvolvimento e Meio Ambiente is the property of Universidade Federal do Parana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of GeSec: Revista de Gestao e Secretariado is the property of Sindicato das Secretarias e Secretarios do Estado de Sao Paulo (SINSESP) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of GeSec: Revista de Gestao e Secretariado is the property of Sindicato das Secretarias e Secretarios do Estado de Sao Paulo (SINSESP) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Efforts worldwide have been dedicated to developing strategies for reducing the environmental impacts arising from agricultural production. In developing countries, such as Brazil, where agricultural production stands as one of the most important economic sectors, meeting institutional and market requirements for sustainability is essential for ensuring the country's competitiveness. This study investigated the intention of Brazilian dairy farmers to adopt environmental sustainability practices. The sample comprised 100 dairy farms in Paraná State, Brazil. The data were analyzed using structural equation models and discussed from the perspective of the Theory of Planned Behavior. The results showed that farmers' intentions to adopt sustainability practices is not associated with socioeconomic or production characteristics. Structural equation modeling identified three constructs explaining farmers' intentions to adopt sustainability practices, namely attitude (ATT), subjective norms (SN), and perceived behavioral control (PBC). ATT and SN had a positive and significant influence, explaining 90% (R2 = 0.90) of the farmers' intentions toward sustainability adoption. The lack of influence of the PBC construct suggests that farmers perceive themselves as having limited ability to adopt sustainability practices, mainly attributed to a lack of knowledge and financial resources, low self-confidence, and a heavy reliance on others for the implementation of sustainability actions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Family farming is the main responsible for food supply in Brazil and is directly linked to food security and rural development. With the arrival of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, family farmers suffered economic impacts due to the social isolation established in order to contain the spread of the new coronavirus and avoid the collapse of the health system. In view of this, this work aimed to understand and analyze the difficulties of family farmers who make up the remaining quilombola community of Porto Alegre during the COVID-19 pandemic. As for the methodology, this research is characterized as bibliographic, exploratory and qualitative. Data collection occurred through the application of questionnaires in different family units that make up the community of Porto Alegre. The results of the research identified that the pandemic brought impacts, especially in relation to the disposal of production, increased social vulnerability, reduced income of producers and the risk of food insecurity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aimed to carry out a survey of food plants and carry out their respective characterization in the quilombola community of Jacarequara, municipality of Santa Luzia do Pará, State of Pará, Brazil. Priority was given to a qualitative-quantitative methodological approach, using participant observation, semi-structured interviews, questionnaires, guided tours and a free list to compose the botanical inventory. The data obtained were tabulated and systematized, in addition to calculating the frequency of citation of the species and the Cognitive Salience Index (ISC, by their acronyms in Portuguese) of the food plants inventoried. A total of 140 food ethnospecies were catalogued, with Euphorbiaceae (27), Arecaceae (12), Musaceae (10) and Rutaceae (9) standing out. Among the food plants with the highest ISC, were açaí (Euterpe oleracea), banana (Musa paradisiaca), mandioca (Manihot esculenta), coconut (Cocos nucifera), cashew (Anacardium occidentale), acerola (Malpighia glabra), bacaba (Oenocarpus bacaba) and orange (Citrus sinensis). From the analysis of the data obtained by this study, it was observed the great importance of food plants and this is because they compose not only their food base, but also be present in income generation and represent the local food culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Insect pollination increases the quality and quantity of fruits and seeds of most of the world's major crops. San Juan is a key region for horticultural seed production in Argentina; however, currently there is a lack of information available to ensure optimal pollination ecosystem service for crops. In this study, our objective was to determine the influence of insect pollination on the fruit set and on the quantity and quality of crops for the production of chicory, onion, radish, cabbage and pumpkin seeds. We also assessed whether those crops exhibited pollen deficit. In each lot, we compared fruit set, number of seeds formed per fruit, seed weight and germination power using different pollination treatments. We found that insect pollination acts differentially on the measured parameters, exerting a positive effect on crop pollination. Moreover, we observed that fruit set and seed formation among crops were not affected by pollen deficit. Our findings contribute to the implementation of management practices aimed at conserving pollinators, enhancing crop pollination service and promoting the economy of local farmers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In agriculture, agroecological production systems represent a concrete strategy to support the implementation of democratic processes of rural development, in which, based on local actions, farmers may be able to take a leading role in the local development process. The application of agroecological principles can collaborate to maintain traditional varieties and crops, promote the recovery and value of local culture, including management practices that stimulate and revitalize ethnosciences. The objective of this study was to analyze mountain agriculture through the agro-environmental practices of organic producers linked to the Agroecological Association of Teresópolis, based on the following pillars: environmental, social, cultural and economic. The methodology applied was a case study, including visits to agricultural production units for analysis of the production context and interviews with members through semi-structured questionnaires. The results allow us to state that organic agriculture in Teresópolis (RJ) is configured as an individual will inserted in a collective process, without financial support, presence or encouragement from the government. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article aims to evaluate the economic effects of purchases form family farming, under the Brazilian School Feeding Program (PNAE), for the municipalities of Minas Gerais. Of quantitative nature, the chosen method is the multiple linear regression. Four models were estimated, in which the variables are total Gross Domestic Product-GDP (PIB), agriculture and cattle ranching GDP (PIB agropecuário), industry GDP (PIB indústria), and services GDP (PIB serviços). As dependent variables were chosen: the volume of PNAE transfers (in Reais) for family agriculture as the independent variable of interest; the values (in Reais) of rural credit through the Brazilian Program Strengthening Program for Family Farming (PRONAF), the production of family farming agro-industry and the number of family farming establishments linked to cooperatives or associations as the independent control variables. The main results indicate that the independent variable PNAE was statistically significant at 1% for total GDP, industry GDP and services GDP, and statistically significant at 10% for the agriculture and cattle ranching GDP, showing greater effect on total GDP. This means that purchases from family farming, through the PNAE, have positive economic effects on these sectors and, especially, on the total GDP. It is recommended for future researches comparative studies, the application of other quantitative techniques and studies with qualitative approaches. We also recommend research that includes other theoretical lenses for the perception of the effects of public policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Economia e Sociologia Rural is the property of Sociedade Brasileira de Economia e Sociologia Rural and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Economia e Sociologia Rural is the property of Sociedade Brasileira de Economia e Sociologia Rural and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The loss of biodiversity and the effects of climate change hurt agricultural production and food security in Peru and around the world. The family farming sector in Peru (97% of agricultural units - AU) faces numerous challenges when it comes to sustainably producing food. To sustain Peruvian agriculture in the face of climate change, climate-smart agricultural (CSA) practices and agrobiodiversity conservation are essential. This document characterizes the level of agrobiodiversity (index IDA) of family AUs in the Crisnejas basin and analyzes the impact of the elements that affect farmers' decisions to apply multiple CSA measures. CSA adoption decisions were analyzed using an econometric analysis framework combining multivariate and ordered probit models for 340 family AUs. Results indicate that AUs with a lower agrobiodiversity index (IDA) have a higher monthly income (IDA = 0.56, 312 USD, Pearson binary correlation, CI = -0.4107). The highest economic income AUs are located between 2,500 and 3,000 meters above sea level (352 USD, CI = -0.3551), have access to irrigation (365 USD, CI = -0.5225), and are also part of consolidated family farms (428 USD, CI = -0.2699). Based on the econometric results, farmers' decisions to adopt CSA practices are influenced by altitude, tenure, age, cultivated area, level of agrobiodiversity, and access to water. A larger number of household members, a better educational level, and a greater distance to the local market increase the probability of intensifying the use of CSA practices in the lower, middle, and upper basins, respectively (significant coefficient estimates, p-value < 0.05). Distance to the farms, cultivated area, and seed storage are other factors associated with the intensity of CSA use (p-value < 0.05). According to the findings, agrobiodiversity must be increased in Peruvian agriculture to achieve a functional and balanced system from an economic, ecological, and sociocultural perspective, as well as carefully developing adaptation/mitigation strategies to address the impacts of climate change on Peruvian agriculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Brazilian national school feeding programme (PNAE) is a tested model providing food security. The federal government designed it, but municipal and state governments deliver it. This article provides information on PNAE suppliers. It shows that it is possible to promote food security together with the local economy. However, a concern is that local managers sometimes find it easier to procure from just one or a few large, specialized companies. The authors explain how this problem can be dealt with. The Brazilian national school feeding programme (PNAE) has the potential to promote local development because it is decentralized and often buys from family farms. A social network analysis involving the municipalities of the State of São Paulo and their suppliers was carried out between 2013 and 2017. The results indicate a large presence of small and local suppliers in contrast to earlier studies that found that purchasing from small farmers is problematic. This article investigates power relationships in institutional purchasing networks—a theoretical and empirical gap in the area—and explains how these relationships impact the implementation of public policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Climate change has made food security vulnerable. Therefore, it is important to have discussions on the subject and take actions that minimize the environmental impacts on family farming, that will be directly or indirectly affected by climatic events. With this in mind, this study aimed to identify climate changes in the state of Piauí based on climate projections and to verify their possible impacts on the suitability of growing food crops, such as beans, corn, cassava, and cashew. The climate scenarios analyzed were 2011–2040, 2041–2070, and 2071–2100. The observed data on current climate came from the National Institute of Meteorology (INMET), and future climate projections came from the Brazilian Portal of Climate Projections of the National Institute for Space Research (INPE). Based on the climatic data obtained (current and future), the climatological water balance was calculated, using the method proposed by Thorntwaite, with consecutive characterization of the suitability for crops. All maps were generated in QGIS. According to the results, crops that may suffer from water deficit are beans and cashews. The latter, in the RCP 8.5 scenario (2071–2100) shows unsuitability for cultivation throughout the state. The population with the highest rate of social vulnerability is the one that will be most damaged by the events caused by climate change.

Abstract This study aimed to identify fusarioid fungi in the soils of sustainably managed agricultural areas and a fragment of the Brazilian Caatinga, both in a semi-arid region of Brazil. We provide a survey of peer-reviewed papers reporting the substrates, hosts, and geographic regions in Brazil in which the identified species were of agricultural interest. Soil samples were collected in July 2019, February 2020, and July 2020 from different agroecosystems and a fragment of the Brazilian Caatinga in rural Triunfo, Brazil. Fusarioid fungi were obtained by serial dilution of soil and colony purification using single-conidial culturing. Maximum likelihood evaluation (ML) based on sequences from the tef1-α gene was used to identify fusarioid fungi. The distribution of these species in other agroecosystems and the natural environment in Brazil was assessed by an extensive search of the literature available in public databases. Fusarium annulatum, F. verticillioides, F. lacertarum, and Neocosmospora vasinfecta were identified. These species are distributed throughout Brazil and are registered as plant pathogens, mainly in areas with conventional agriculture. These data reinforce the importance of sustainable soil management in agricultural areas and expand our knowledge of the behavior of these microorganisms in environments without human interference.

Leptospirosis is an endemic zoonosis in Brazil responsible for numerous reproductive and economic losses to the dairy industry. Brazil ranks fifth in the world's production of cow's milk and around 23 million cows are milked every day. The northwest region of the state of São Paulo has a considerable number of family farming settlements, with dairy farming being predominant. This article reports a seroepidemiological study to detect agglutinins against Leptospira spp. in 1,004 dairy cattle kept on 64 family farms producing milk in the northwest region of São Paulo. Management and environmental data for situation diagnosis were obtained with a questionnaire. Antibodies against Leptospira spp. were investigated by the microscopic seroagglutination test (SAM) and milk and urine samples were obtained from seroreactive animals with titer ? 400. These samples were submitted to molecular tests. Of the 64 properties studied, 63 (98%) had seroreactive animals. Of the 1,004 animals, 523 (52%) were reactive. According to the molecular tests, the presence of Leptospira spp. in the urine and milk of the seroreactive animals was negative. Wetlands, presence of rodents, occurrence of abortion, presence of dogs, presence of cats and presence of horses were variables associated with the risk of infection by Leptospira spp. In addition to its importance in animal health, leptospirosis poses a risk to human health, a situation that indicates the need for improvement of sanitary conditions in rural properties.

This study aims to delve into the potentials and difficulties of digitalization on the real commercial experience of some of the fundamental actors in the Uruguayan fruit and vegetable chain (producers, merchants, intermediaries, consumers, and private and public technicians). For that, these social actors and their projects were described and consulted in search of appreciations or points of view regarding technical innovations, barriers to commercialization, family labor, public policies, pressure for land use, and other complex problems. Through a “snowball sampling”, carrying out semi-structured questionnaires for more than 4 months from INIA Las Brujas, we obtained information mainly from actors in the south and some points in the northwest and east-central Uruguay. Opinions come from the complexity of people in their different roles, with the expected emergence of tensions and contradictions at different moments of the participatory-action research. We could appreciate that the Fourth and Fifth Industrial Revolution are having a significant impact in the Uruguayan fruit and vegetable chain. Digital technology is providing new tools for marketing such as: electronic commerce platforms, mobile applications, traceability and monitoring technologies for data analysis, etc. Support in this transformation comes both from private initiatives and public projects, some of which are outlined. We discuss some causes of digitalization disparities and some solutions, debating the role of each one of the represented actors and their possibilities of change.

Small businesses producing cereals, legumes, and sunflower seeds contribute to the country’s food security and environmental protection potential. The purpose of this study was to substantiate the social, economic, and conceptual foundations of small business entities’ activities in the production of cereals, legumes, and sunflower seeds in modern conditions. The methodological framework of the study included the provisions of institutional economic theory and functional analysis. To generalise the results, the study employed analysis, graphic, and abstract-logical methods, and approaches of generalisation of results. The motivational orientation of the functioning of small businesses engaged in the production of cereals, legumes, and sunflower seeds and their place in production and consumption were determined. The study found that in 2023, the company achieved a record grain yield of 51.8 100 kg/ha, which was driven by favourable weather conditions. It was substantiated that the cost of crop production has increased due to lower prices for agricultural products (maize by -41%; sunflower by -35%; wheat by -37%) and an almost twofold increase in the cost of plant protection products and fuel. It was proved that in 2017-2022, 91.79% of the variation in net profit is explained by the variation in the level of grain, legumes, and sunflower seeds sold by small businesses. It was found that the disruption of the sales system of small businesses producing cereals, legumes, and sunflower seeds, the low level of purchase prices and the considerable increase in prices for material and technical sources of survival and fertilisers due to the hostilities make production inefficient. The development of small businesses and family farming stays one of the priority areas of regional policy. The information and analytical material can be considered when creating regional programmes for the development of agrarian entrepreneurship

AbstractIn the Philippines, sugarcane farming is perceived to be a male occupation, meaning female smallholder farmers tend to be overlooked by extension and policy. While research on sugarcane farming and production processes has been extensive, there is limited understanding of the impact of gender dynamics in family farmers’ day-to-day lived experiences in the Philippines and the implications these have on the sugarcane production process. This paper asks whether and how recognising gender dynamics in sugarcane farming in the Philippines can identify an enabling environment for production and empowerment for family farmers. Using forty semi-structured interviews and four focus group discussions of forty participants from Balayan and Calaca, Batangas, Philippines, the research adopts a transcendental phenomenological approach to reveal the lived experiences of block farm members and implications for the block farm system and sugarcane production. The thematic analysis finds institutionalising the block farm system to have had a considerable impact in terms of the assistance provided by the government to harness the knowledge of the sugarcane family farmers to adapt to the modern technologies provided to them. Additionally, patriarchal views in Filipino society restrict that of female family farmers, particularly those who hold key positions in the sugarcane block farm system.

Copyright of Realidad Economica is the property of Realidad Economica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study aims to produce evidence on the performance of horticultural systems in the peri-urban area of Buenos Aires (Argentina), based on the 10 Elements of Agroecology with an emphasis on soil health. To this end, we performed a survey with the Tool for Agroecology Performance Evaluation (TAPE) Step 1, and we measured soil physical, chemical, and biological properties in family farms self-defined as agroecological or conventional. Results reflected overall low transition-to-agroecology indices and poor soil quality in the studied area. However, self-defined agroecological systems have made significant strides toward agroecological transition with higher scores mainly affecting Elements describing management and innovation aspects of the agroecological transition but also those describing the social aspects and the enabling environment. Finally, self-defined agroecological farms exhibit better soil health scores for the indicators aggregates stability, soil organic carbon, and soil basal respiration, than conventional farms. Nevertheless, there is still potential to be exploited and constraints to be overcome to improve the transition to agroecology of horticultural systems in this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (Linnaeus) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), is a vegetable pest of the genus Brassica worldwide. The development of new, safer bio-insecticides with less negative impacts on human health, flora, fauna, and specific to the target is needed to combat this pest, particularly in small-scale organic agriculture. In this sense, the efficiency of 7 plant species in the form of aqueous botanical extracts was evaluated regarding the bio-insecticide effect, using three extraction methods (orbital agitation, decoction, and infusion). There was a difference between the treatments, highlighting the decoction of Couroupita guianensis, which presented the highest efficiency (39%) for second-instar larvae of P. xylostella, followed by infusions of Codiaeum variegatum and Ruta graveolens, both with a 29% efficiency rate. The 3 extraction methods were statistically different, with decoction and orbital agitation presenting the best results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studies in Asia, Europe, Central America, South America, and a few studies in Mexico related to backyard production, report the type of crops and benefit of the harvest for the producer through individual efforts. These studies, however, leave a gap in how these producers integrate collaboratively to have their products reach their customers. The objective of this research was to describe the configuration of economic agents involved in backyard farming in the intermunicipal region of Misantla, Mexico. Data was collected by means of an interview with 96 families, using a snowball strategy to reach a total of 254 families. However, 27 of them reported not engaging in backyard activities. As a result, the study was carried out with 227 farm families through an in-person structured survey. Findings show that backyard farming and livestock production in 70% of the families in this region of study is mainly for their own consumption, whereas production surplus is typically used as an additional income. Those involved in this production are identified as seed and farming tool providers; backyard producers, and customers-consumers, all of which participate in 4 short-cycle supply chains with a fragile intermediation. These supply chains are the channel for fresh food to the food networks of local economies. These local food networks can help enhance food innocuity, traceability and commercial efficiency for backyard farmers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]