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Songbiao Zhang,1 Yuxuan Huang,1 Xining Wang,1 Huilin Wang1,2 1School of Business, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan Province, People’s Republic of China; 2Moray House School of Education and Sport, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UKCorrespondence: Huilin Wang, Moray House School of Education and Sport, the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK, Email Huilin.Wang@ed.ac.ukPurpose: The family decision-makers serve as the backbone of the family, and their health status warrants consideration. This study aims to explore how the health status of this group of people, namely the family decision-making group, is affected, and to delve into the mechanisms of influence based on this. The goal is to provide reliable evidence and strategies for the health management of the family decision-makers group, contributing to the achievement of the “Healthy China 2030” Planning Outline.Patients and Methods: Drawing on data from the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS), this study utilizes an Ordered Probit Model to analyze and compare the health status of family decision-makers and non-decision-makers.Results: The findings indicate that decision-makers tend to experience poorer health outcomes than other family members, with increased pressure related to decision-making identified as a significant contributor to their declining health. Heterogeneity analysis reveals that the negative effect is less pronounced in households with higher net worth but more pronounced in those with more significant housing, education, and medical spending pressures. Moreover, this study analysis highlights that enhancing individual or family socioeconomic status can alleviate the adverse health effects experienced by family decision-makers.Conclusion: The study reveals the presence of certain health adverse effects among family decision-makers. The implications drawn from this research hold significance for the health management of this demographic, underscoring the necessity for tailored interventions aimed at addressing the distinctive challenges confronted by this group.Keywords: family decision makers, health, pressure, socioeconomic status

Background: Vaccination is the most effective means of preventing outbreaks of infectious diseases, and family ;decision makers play an important role in decision-making regarding family matters and may influence other family members to take an active role in vaccinating children against COVID-19. Purpose: This study examined the influence of family decision makers on the hesitation of other family members to vaccinate their children against COVID-19. Methods: A population-based, self-administered online questionnaire was administered in Taizhou, China, from September 1, 2021, to September 15, 2021. The questionnaire included demographic information, knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions about the COVID-19 vaccine as well as hesitation regarding the use of the COVID-19 vaccination in children. In total, 490 respondents were included in this study. Logistic regression was used to assess the factors associated with vaccine hesitancy. Results: In total, 490 respondents from 190 households were interviewed. Of the 190 family decision makers, 43.7% (83/190) were hesitant to vaccinate their children against COVID-19. When family decision makers were hesitant to vaccinate children against COVID-19, 65.1% (82/126) of the other family members expressed similar hesitancy regarding vaccination. When family decision makers were not hesitant to vaccinate children, only 21.3% (37/174) of other family members were hesitant to do so. In the regression analysis, family decision makers' hesitation to vaccinate their children was associated with other family members' hesitation (OR=6.264, 95% CI:3.132–12.526). In addition, decision makers’ perceptions of the safety of the vaccine (OR=0.422, 95% CI:0.215–0.826) and hesitation to vaccinate themselves (OR=8.967, 95% CI:4.745–16.948) influenced their hesitation to vaccinate their children. Conclusion: The present study found that family decision makers' hesitation to vaccinate children against COVID-19 influenced other family members' hesitation to vaccinate children. In addition, family decision makers' perceptions of the safety of the vaccine and their hesitation to vaccinate themselves influenced other family members’ hesitation to vaccinate their children.

Background: Intensive care unit (ICU) care helps critically ill patients survive life-threatening diseases. ICU patients in high-mortality risk categories can present huge mental and physical burdens for family decision makers (FDMs). Although FDMs do their best to make "right" treatment decisions for beloved family member, FDMs often end up suffering psychological and physical health problems themselves. Most FDMs suffer anxiety, and sleep disorders during their decision-making process. Purpose: This study investigated the association between ICU patient FDM characteristics and anxiety and sleep disturbance severity. This study also disclosed related predictors. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study recruited 200 critically ill patient FDMs at 13 ICUs in a teaching medical center in southern Taiwan. We used face-to-face interviews with all participants to complete the demographic sheet questionnaire, which included the State Anxiety Inventory and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Data were analyzed using SPSS 19.0 to test our hypothesis. Results: Two-thirds (66.5%) of FDMs interviewed had severe anxiety symptoms; 33.5% had mild to moderate anxiety symptoms; and most (87.5%) had sleep disorders. FDM age correlated positively with anxiety and sleep disorder severity. Care-recipient comorbidities, female gender, care-recipient being a spouse, having a relatively low education level, and having a relatively low monthly income were predictors of anxiety and sleep disorders in FDMs; anxiety correlated positively with sleep disorders; and FDM income was the most significant predictor of anxiety and sleep disorders which could explain 26.2% and 30.7% variances for anxiety and sleep disorder, respectively. Discussion and Conclusions: Our findings on factors significantly related to anxiety and sleep disorders in critically ill patient FDMs offer novel insight that can help healthcare professionals reduce FDM anxiety and sleep disorders. Improving FDM physical and psychological burdens can help build better rapport between FDMs and healthcare professionals and help FDMs make appropriate decisions for their family members. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]