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Chinese immigrant caregivers face unique self-care difficulties in the United States due to language barriers, cultural isolation, and occupational stress. This study aimed to conduct a formative evaluation on a caregiver self-care curriculum of an app designed for Chinese immigrants in the United States. Using a co-design approach in 2019, 22 Chinese immigrant caregivers in Los Angeles county were recruited through purposive sampling method. The directed content analysis was adopted to analyze the qualitative data using NVivo 12.1.0 software. We organized the findings under two main contents: self-care and caregiving. Three categories were identified under the self-care content: physical health, emotional and mental health, and support resources. Sixteen subcategories under physical health (e.g., dietary supplements), five subcategories under emotional and mental health (e.g., depression) and eight subcategories under support resources (e.g., support and networking group, senior center) are suggested. Two categories were identified under the caregiving content: caregiving knowledge and skills, and community resources. Fourteen subcategories under caregiving knowledge and skills (e.g., care assessment) and six subcategories under community resources (e.g., medical emergency call) were mentioned. With this useful information, we could further refine the self-care curriculum to be more linguistically, culturally and occupationally sensitive for Chinese immigrant caregivers. Empowerment approach for enhancing the ability to caregiving and self-care should be emphasized in content design for immigrant caregivers. The co-design approach is crucial for planning of the program and intervention curriculum to improve understanding of the users’ needs and better cater them.

As the population of Aotearoa/New Zealand heads towards one-in-four being aged over 65-years-and-over by 2040, it is anticipated that family members will play an increasingly important role in caring for older relatives with chronic and age-related health issues. Multi-generational, and in particular three-generational living arrangements, combined with family care of older relatives are a growing trend; a trend already even evident among Māori communities. This paper reports on a study that explored the care experiences and expectations of 14 past and current Māori carers (aged 23 to 72-years) of older relatives. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and coded independently. The initial thematic analysis revealed nine themes and participants were invited to feedback on the summary in person or in writing. The feedback resulted in the original themes being collapsed into four (with subthemes): “Care is Normal”; “Collective Coordination of Care”; “Insider-Carer—Outsider Perspectives on Caring”; and “Societal Influences on Family Care/Carers”. Firstly, these themes highlight how Māori cultural norms infuse direct care, support, and coordination roles within family care of the older family member. Secondly, they reveal the challenges for family carers in talking about their work with others, especially (thirdly) in the face of negative attitudes towards care and carers of an older family member within wider society. These findings have implications for cultural and wider socio-political influences in socialising different groups to carer role expectations. If society is to better prepare future caregivers for their role, ongoing research is needed with the various cultural groups in Aotearoa/New Zealand.

Family involvement is critical to end-of-life (EOL) care of older adults. Attitude toward family involvement in EOL care can be influenced by family relationship. Yet, mechanisms explaining such influence have not been examined among older Chinese Americans. This study aims to examine the association between family relationship and older Chinese Americans’ attitude toward family involvement in EOL care and explore pathways of this association. Potential mediators include self-efficacy, perceived benefits, and perceived barriers of discussing EOL care with family members. Data were collected from 276 Chinese Americans aged 55+ in two metropolitan areas in 2018. Participants’ average age was 74 years (SD=9.6). Approximately 64% of the sample were female. Most participants (57%) held positive attitudes toward family involvement in EOL care. Using the Structural Equation Modeling method, we found that family relationship had a significant positive total effect on positive attitude toward family involvement in EOL care (z=5.57, p

Parents who care for their children (young and adult) with developmental disabilities face many stressors and challenges. This paper reports on an intervention using mindfulness and cognitive reframing to improve psychological well-being of care-givers. We report on results based on 92 care-givers who participated in the program. An innovative component was utilizing parent care-givers along with trained peer facilitators. The program was conducted over six weeks, with three in person sessions, and three at home web-based sessions. The content emphasized mindfulness practice (meditation) along with cognitive reframing (aimed at boosting optimism) to address the stress family-caregivers experience in managing worry and the perceived lack of control that accompanies caring for children (young and adult) with developmental disabilities. Post-test data revealed increased awareness of stress coupled with greater competence in stress management. Given the life-long demands for care-giving of parents to the developmentally disabled, normative stressors of aging interact with stressors posed by care-giving demands. Implications for improving well-being of older parental care-givers will be discussed around the topics of (1) optimism and hope; (2) support of healthy behaviors; and (3) development of a mindset of gratitude.