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Serous adenofibroma of the fallopian tube is a rare, benign tumour of the female genital tract. They are usually small, asymptomatic and incidentally diagnosed during a surgery for another gynaecological condition. This report presents an atypical case of a 17-year-old girl with a tubal serous adenofibroma that presented with a palpable mass occupying the entire abdomen accompanied by urinary symptoms. She underwent a laparoscopic surgery with drainage of 1800 mL of yellow, citrine liquid from the cyst and left salpingectomy with no complications., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© BMJ Publishing Group Limited 2020. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)

Purpose: Presence of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) is associated with impaired clinical outcome in several solid cancers. Limited data are available on the significance of CTCs in gynaecological malignancies. The aims of the present study were to evaluate the dynamics of CTCs in patients with ovarian, fallopian tube and peritoneal cancer during chemotherapy and to assess their clinical relevance., Methods: 43 patients with ovarian, fallopian tube and peritoneal cancer were included into this prospective study. Patients received chemotherapy according to national guidelines. CTC analysis was performed using the CellSearch system prior to chemotherapy, after three and six cycles., Results: In 26% of the patients, ≥ 1CTC per 7.5 ml of blood was detected at baseline (17% of patients with de novo disease, compared to 35% in recurrent patients). Presence of CTCs did not correlate with other factors. After three cycles of therapy, CTC positivity rate declined to 4.8%. After six cycles, no patient showed persistent CTCs. Patients with ≥ 1 CTC at baseline had significantly shorter overall survival and progression-free survival compared to CTC-negative patients (OS: median 3.1 months vs. not reached, p = 0.006, PFS: median 3.1 vs. 23.1 months, p = 0.005). When only the subgroup with newly diagnosed cancer was considered, the association between CTC status and survival was not significant (OS: mean 17.4 vs. 29.0 months, p = 0.192, PFS: 14.3 vs. 26.9 months, p = 0.085). Presence of ≥ 1 CTC after three cycles predicted shorter OS in the entire patient cohort (p < 0.001)., Conclusions: Hematogenous tumor cell dissemination is a common phenomenon in ovarian, fallopian tube and peritoneal cancer. CTC status before start of systemic therapy correlates with clinical outcome. Chemotherapy leads to a rapid decline in CTC counts; further research is needed to evaluate the clinical value of CTC monitoring after therapy.

Introduction: Tumors of Fallopian tubes are rare in general, and they are the rarest tumors of female genital tract. According to clasification of World health organisation (WHO), papillomas, cystadenoma, adenofibroma, cystadenofibroma (CAF), metaplastic papillary tumors and endometrioid polyps belong to group of benign tumors. Serous papillary cystadenofibroma (SPCAF) is rare tumor and it is ususally located on fimbrial end of the tube and it is considered that it has "Müllerian" origin., Aim: The aim of this article is to show a rare case of cystadenofibroma of Fallopian tube which was found as random sample during histopathological analysis of specimen which was extracted during laparatomy due to the large tumor mass in abdomen., Case Report: A 43-year-old patient underwent surgery for a large tumor mass in the abdomen, unknown lesions and pathohistology, which was radiologically verified four years before hospitalization. We removed the specimen that made up the tumor, along with the uterus and adnexes, weighing 14 kg and sent for histopatology. A large tumor mass is made up of a giant uterine myoma, and in the analysis of the other preparation, in addition to endometrial adenocarcinoma, there is also a rare Fallopian tube cystadenofibroma. On the sixth day of hospitalization, the patient is discharged home. At control after three months, the patient was without problems, with ongoing adjuvant brachytherapy., Conclusion: Improvement of prevention measures and work on the continuing education of patients and physicians at the primary care level are needed to ensure that patients receive the best treatment in a timely manner. Cystadenofibroma is a rare tumor in general and gynecologic oncology, and as authors it is a great honor for us to contribute to the world literature and to present the twentieth case of this tumor., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest to declare., (© 2020 Edin Hodzic, Sadat Pusina, Salem Bajramagic, Mirhan Salibasic, Sandin Holjan.)

Rationale: Primary malignant mixed mullerian tumors of the fallopian tube is very rare and has only 1 case in the current literature with cervix metastasis., Patient Concerns: We reported a 49-year-old woman sufferring from primary malignant mixed mullerian tumors of the fallopian tube with cervix metastasis, and the imaging examination found a strip of solid mass in the right fallopian tube and a nodular mass in cervical canal, which were both hyperintense on T2 weighted image (T2WI) and diffusion weighted image (DWI) and continuous moderate enhancement on dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI)., Diagnoses: The diagnosis was confirmed according to the specific anatomical location and pathological examination which was proved as primary malignant mixed mullerian tumors of the fallopian tube with cervix metastasis., Interventions: The patient underwent radical hysterctomy, bilateral adnexectomy, pelvic lymph node dissection, omentum majus excision and intravenous chemotherapy., Outcomes: Her posttreatment condition was good., Lessons: Primary malignant mixed mullerian tumors of the fallopian tube can be located by magnetic resonance image examination, which may also offer several diagnostic tips according to changes in signal and enhancement. When combined with pathological findings, qualitative diagnosis can be determined. Surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy are considered as effective methods. Our paper discussed its epidemiology, clinical symptoms, pathologic characters, therapeutic method as well as magnetic resonance imaging findings suggesting the diagnosis and differential diagnosis, including precontrast scan, contrast scan and diffusion weighted image and provided magnetic resonance imaging characteristics of primary malignant mixed mullerian tumors of the fallopian tube described in other literatures.

Background: To evaluate the procedures and complications of diaphragm peritonectomy (DP) and diaphragm full-thickness resection (DFTR) during primary cytoreduction for advanced stage epithelial ovarian cancer., Methods: All the patients with epithelial ovarian carcinoma who underwent diaphragm procedures at our institution between January 2009 and August 2015 were identified. Clinicopathological data were retrospectively collected from the patients' medical records. Postoperative morbidities were assessed according to the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) grading system., Results: A total of 150 patients were included in the study. The majority of the patients had ovarian cancer (96%), stage IIIC disease (76%) and serous histology (89.3%). DP and DFTR were performed in 124 (82.7%) and 26 (17.3%) patients, respectively. A total of 142 upper abdominal procedures in addition to the diaphragmatic surgery were performed in 77 (51.3%) patients. No macroscopic residual disease was observed in 35.3% of the patients, while 84% of the total patient cohort had residual disease ≤1 cm. The overall incidence of at least one major morbidity (MSKCC grades 3-5) was 18.0%, whereas pleural effusions (33.3%), pneumonia (15.3%) and pneumothorax (7.3%) were the most commonly reported morbidities. The rate of postoperative pleural drainage was 14.6% in total, while half the patients in the DFTR group received drainage intraoperatively (11.5%) and postoperatively (38.5%). The incidence of postoperative pleural effusion was associated with stage IV disease (hazard ratio [HR], 17.2; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.5-66.7; P < 0.001), DFTR (HR, 4.9; 95% CI: 1.2-19.9; P = 0.028) and a long surgery time (HR, 15.4; 95% CI: 4.3-55.5; P < 0.001)., Conclusions: Execution of DP and DFTR as part of an extensive upper abdominal procedure resulted in an acceptable morbidity rate. Pleural effusion, pneumonia and pneumothorax were the most common pulmonary morbidities. The pleural drainage rate was not high enough to justify prophylactic chest tube placement for all the patients. However, patients who underwent DFTR merited special consideration for intraoperative prophylactic drainage.

Objective: To increase awareness of primary fallopian tube carcinoma (PFTC) and its relationship to serous epithelial ovarian carcinoma (EOC) and breast cancer. To review the characteristic imaging findings of PFTC thereby enabling radiologists to not only diagnose, but aid clinicians in staging, treatment planning and surveillance for recurrence., Conclusions: There is increasing evidence of a relationship between PFTC and breast cancer and the breast cancer susceptibility gene mutation. Furthermore, studies in breast cancer gene mutation carriers suggest serous EOC arises from the epithelial lining of the fallopian tube. These theories indicate that the incidence of fallopian tube carcinoma is underestimated. Increased awareness is particularly important for radiologists reviewing surveillance studies in breast cancer patients. PFTC has characteristic imaging features that can aid in its detection and differentiation from other pelvic masses. Imaging is also helpful in tumor staging, identifying patients who may benefit from neoadjuvant chemotherapy and detection of recurrence following treatment. This article discusses the history, pathology, and patterns of spread of fallopian tube carcinoma, as well as reviewing and illustrating the cross-sectional imaging findings.

Objectives: A phase II clinical trial compared docetaxel in combination with carboplatin to sequential single agent docetaxel followed by carboplatin for treatment of recurrent platinum-sensitive ovarian, peritoneal, or tubal cancer. This manuscript reports prospectively collected health-related quality of life (HRQL)., Methods: Participants were randomized to either weekly docetaxel 30 mg/m(2)/days 1 and 8 and carboplatin AUC 6/day 1 every 3 weeks (cDC) or docetaxel 30 mg/m(2)/days 1 and 8, repeated every 3 weeks for 6 cycles followed by carboplatin AUC 6/day 1 every 3 weeks for 6 cycles or until disease progression (sDC). The primary HRQL endpoint was the trial outcome index (TOI) score of the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Ovarian (FACT-O) instrument, and was assessed as an intent-to-treat analysis. The secondary HRQL endpoints included the FACT-O total score, the FACT-General, and several domain scores of the FACT-O instrument (physical well-being (PWB), social/family well-being (SWB), emotional well-being (EWB), functional well-being (FWB), and the ovarian cancer specific (OCS) module). The FACT-O was administered at randomization, prior to each of 6 cycles of treatment, and at study endpoint., Results: One hundred forty-eight participants were randomized to each group. Sequential docetaxel followed by carboplatin (sDC) was associated with significant improvements in the FACT-O TOI (p=0.013), FACT-O total score (p=0.033), and OCS (p=0.029) compared to the combination docetaxel and carboplatin group (cDC)., Conclusions: Sequential single agent docetaxel followed by carboplatin is associated with improved HRQL when compared to cDC. The improved progression-free survival observed with cDC should be weighed against lower quality of life during treatment., (Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

The events leading to the most common and most lethal ovarian carcinoma - high grade serous carcinoma - have been poorly understood. However, the detailed pathologic study of asymptomatic women with germ-line BRCA 1 or BRCA2 (BCRA+) mutations has unearthed an early malignancy, serous tubal intraepithelial carcinomas (STIC), which has linked many peritoneal and ovarian serous carcinomas to the fimbria. The distinction between high-grade serous and endometrioid carcinomas continues to narrow, with shared alterations in expression of pTEN, PAX2 and p53. Moreover, the discovery of clonal alterations in p53 in benign tubal epithelium, - p53 signatures - has established a foundation for a serous cancer precursor in the fimbria. We have expanded this concept to include a generic secretory cell outgrowth (SCOUT) in the fallopian tube that is associated with altered PAX2 expression. As the repertoire of gene alterations is expanded and its link to serous carcinogenesis clarified, a cogent pathway to high-grade Mullerian carcinomas will emerge. This will challenge conventional thinking about ovarian carcinogenesis but will provide a new template for studies of ovarian cancer prevention.

Objectives: From a review of 20 cases of primary carcinoma of the fallopian tube, we stress the various clinical aspects of the disease and discuss the possibilities of a preoperative diagnosis., Materials and Methods: A retrospective study covering the period between 1982 and 1996. An analysis of the different etiological factors mentioned in the literature, of the physical signs and symptoms of the carcinoma, of the patients' age and hormonal status as well as the role of additional investigations was conducted., Results: The average age of the patients was 62.3 years, 90% of the women had reached menopause and 15% were nullipara. A history of salpingitis was noted in 5% of the patients and another 5% had infertility problems. 20% of the patients had suffered from another carcinoma. Metrorrhagia was the most frequent clinical finding revealing the disease (55%) followed by abnormal secretions of blood stained liquid (15%). Hydrops Tubae Profluens was not observed in this series. The main complementary investigations performed were pelvic ultrasound scanning and hysterosalpingography, preoperative diagnosis was possible in 15% of cases; diagnosis was made during the operative procedure in 45% of cases and by pathologic examination in the remaining 40% of patients., Conclusion: Primary carcinoma of the fallopian tube is a rare form of cancer of unknown aetiology. Clinical signs are often unrelated and sometimes misleading; however, preoperative diagnosis is possible if one keeps in mind the existence of this carcinoma.

A 33-year-old highly parous woman developed severe abdominal pain and signs of circulatory collapse 10 months after tubal sterilisation in the absence of symptoms of pregnancy. A ruptured ectopic pregnancy sited interstitially in the right tube and extending into the myometrium and parametrium was found at laparotomy. Histopathologic examination revealed an ectopic pregnancy consisting of choriocarcinoma--a rare but life-threatening combination in a sterilised woman.

The clinical and cytologic findings in ten cases of primary fallopian tube carcinoma, a very rare malignancy, are presented. All ten patients had vaginal pool (V), cervical (C), endocervical (E) and endometrial aspiration (EA) smears examined preoperatively; peritoneal smears were also prepared from cul-de-sac fluid aspirated during surgery. In the preoperative cytodiagnosis, some of V, C, E and EA smears were positive for malignant cells in six of the ten patients (60%). Examination of the EA smear was the most effective means of discovering this disease. A watery discharge was noted in two patients, both of whom were negative in the preoperative cytodiagnosis. In such patients, it is necessary to repeat the smear examinations. The cytologic appearance of this disease is contrasted to that of endometrial carcinoma.

This study develops a method of identifying factors that predict pregnancy rates in patients with endometriosis. In 123 women, 60% had adhesions, 89% had implants, and 29% had endometriomas. The most common lesions were cul-de-sac implants (60%), ovarian implants (58%), and ovarian adhesions (55%). With no treatment, the life-table-estimated 3-year pregnancy rate was 40%; with oral contraceptives, 33%; and with surgery, 53%. Clustering techniques suggested new combinations of variables to be tested. We identified structures commonly involved simultaneously in a given patient, defined subgroups based on type of lesion, and developed a method to determine which factors were important in predicting outcome. In our patients, neither of two current methods of endometriosis staging predicted outcome. Further testing of the model systems suggested by the data may enable us to develop a staging system more predictive of pregnancy rates in endometriosis patients.