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12. Hair-Pulling Disorder

Author

Kelley, Kara N., primary, Dattolico, Devin, additional, Strang, Caroline, additional, and Falkenstein, Martha J., additional

Published
2021
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22. Genome-wide association study identifies new locus associated with OCD

Author

Strom, Nora I., primary, Yu, Dongmei, additional, Gerring, Zachary F., additional, Halvorsen, Matthew W., additional, Abdellaoui, Abdel, additional, Rodriguez-Fontenla, Cristina, additional, Sealock, Julia M., additional, Bigdeli, Tim, additional, Coleman, Jonathan R. I., additional, Mahjani, Behrang, additional, Thorp, Jackson G., additional, Bey, Katharina, additional, Burton, Christie L., additional, Luykx, Jurjen J., additional, Zai, Gwyneth, additional, Askland, Kathleen D., additional, Barlassina, Cristina, additional, Nissen, Judith Becker, additional, Bellodi, Laura, additional, Bienvenu, O. Joseph, additional, Black, Donald, additional, Bloch, Michael, additional, Boberg, Julia, additional, Bosch, Rosa, additional, Breen, Michael, additional, Brennan, Brian P., additional, Brentani, Helena, additional, Buxbaum, Joseph D., additional, Bybjerg-Grauholm, Jonas, additional, Byrne, Enda M., additional, Camarena, Beatriz, additional, Camarena, Adrian, additional, Cappi, Carolina, additional, Carracedo, Angel, additional, Casas, Miguel, additional, Cavallini, Maria C., additional, Ciullo, Valentina, additional, Cook, Edwin H., additional, Coric, Vladimir, additional, Cullen, Bernadette A., additional, De Schipper, Elles J., additional, Devlin, Bernie, additional, Djurovic, Srdjan, additional, Elias, Jason A., additional, Erdman, Lauren, additional, Estivil, Xavier, additional, Falkenstein, Martha J., additional, Fundin, Bengt T., additional, Gabrielsen, Maiken E., additional, Goes, Fernando S., additional, Grados, Marco A., additional, Grove, Jakob, additional, Guo, Wei, additional, Haavik, Jan, additional, Hagen, Kristen, additional, Havdahl, Alexandra, additional, Hounie, Ana G., additional, Hucks, Donald, additional, Hultman, Christina, additional, Janecka, Magdalena, additional, Jenike, Michael, additional, Karlsson, Elinor K., additional, Klawohn, Julia, additional, Klei, Lambertus, additional, Krasnow, Janice, additional, Krebs, Kristi, additional, Krompinger, Jason, additional, Lanzagorta, Nuria, additional, Macciardi, Fabio, additional, Maher, Brion, additional, McArthur, Evonne, additional, McGregor, Nathaniel, additional, McLaughlin, Nicole C., additional, Meier, Sandra, additional, Miguel, Euripedes C., additional, Mulhern, Maureen, additional, Nestadt, Paul S., additional, Nurmi, Erika L., additional, O’Connell, Kevin S., additional, Osiecki, Lisa, additional, Palviainen, Teemu, additional, Piras, Fabrizio, additional, Piras, Federica, additional, Pulver, Ann E., additional, Rabionet, Raquel, additional, Ramirez, Alfredo, additional, Rauch, Scott, additional, Reichenberg, Abraham, additional, Reichert, Jennifer, additional, Riddle, Mark A., additional, Ripke, Stephan, additional, Sampaio, Aline S., additional, Schiele, Miriam A., additional, Sloofman, Laura G., additional, Smit, Jan, additional, Sobell, Janet L., additional, Artigas, María Soler, additional, Thomas, Laurent F., additional, Vallada, Homero, additional, Veenstra-VanderWeele, Jeremy, additional, Vulink, Nienke N. C. C., additional, Walker, Christopher P., additional, Wang, Ying, additional, Wendland, Jens R., additional, Winsvold, Bendik S., additional, Yao, Yin, additional, Alonso, Pino, additional, Berberich, Götz, additional, Bulik, Cynthia M., additional, Cath, Danielle, additional, Cusi, Daniele, additional, Delorme, Richard, additional, Denys, Damiaan, additional, Eapen, Valsamma, additional, Falkai, Peter, additional, Fernandez, Thomas V., additional, Fyer, Abby J., additional, Geller, Daniel A., additional, Grabe, Hans J., additional, Greenberg, Benjamin D., additional, Hanna, Gregory L., additional, Hickie, Ian M., additional, Hougaard, David M., additional, Kathmann, Norbert, additional, Kennedy, James, additional, Kung-Yee, Liang, additional, Landén, Mikael, additional, Le Hellard, Stéphanie, additional, Leboyer, Marion, additional, Lochner, Christine, additional, McCracken, James T., additional, Medland, Sarah E., additional, Mortensen, Preben B., additional, Neale, Benjamin, additional, Nicolini, Humberto, additional, Nordentoft, Merete, additional, Pato, Michele, additional, Pato, Carlos, additional, Pauls, David L., additional, Pedersen, Nancy L., additional, Piacentini, John, additional, Pittenger, Christopher, additional, Posthuma, Danielle, additional, Ramos-Quiroga, Josep A, additional, Rasmussen, Steven A., additional, Ressler, Kerry J., additional, Richter, Margaret A., additional, Rosário, Maria C., additional, Rosenberg, David R., additional, Ruhrmann, Stephan, additional, Samuels, Jack F., additional, Sandin, Sven, additional, Sandor, Paul, additional, Spalletta, Gianfranco, additional, Stein, Dan J., additional, Stewart, S. Evelyn, additional, Storch, Eric A., additional, Stranger, Barbara E., additional, Turiel, Maurizio, additional, Werge, Thomas, additional, Andreassen, Ole A., additional, Børglum, Anders D., additional, Walitza, Susanne, additional, Hansen, Bjarne K. A., additional, Rück, Christian P., additional, Martin, Nicholas G., additional, Milani, Lili, additional, Mors, Ole, additional, Reichborn-Kjennerud, Ted, additional, Ribasés, Marta, additional, Kvale, Gerd, additional, Mataix-Cols, David, additional, Domschke, Katharina, additional, Grünblatt, Edna, additional, Wagner, Michael, additional, Zwart, John-Anker, additional, Breen, Gerome, additional, Nestadt, Gerald, additional, Metspalu, Andres, additional, Kaprio, Jaakko, additional, Arnold, Paul D., additional, Grice, Dorothy E., additional, Knowles, James A., additional, Ask, Helga, additional, Verweij, Karin J. H., additional, Davis, Lea K., additional, Smit, Dirk J. A., additional, Crowley, James J., additional, Mathews, Carol A., additional, Derks, Eske M., additional, Scharf, Jeremiah M., additional, and Mattheisen, Manuel, additional

Published
2021
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32. The rates of co-occurring behavioural addictions in treatment-seeking individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder: a preliminary report

Author

Brakoulias, Vlasios, primary, Starcevic, Vladan, additional, Albert, Umberto, additional, Arumugham, Shyam S., additional, Bailey, Brenda E., additional, Belloch, Amparo, additional, Borda, Tania, additional, Dell’Osso, Liliana, additional, Elias, Jason A., additional, Falkenstein, Martha J., additional, Ferrao, Ygor A., additional, Fontenelle, Leonardo F., additional, Jelinek, Lena, additional, Kay, Brian, additional, Lochner, Christine, additional, Maina, Giuseppe, additional, Marazziti, Donatella, additional, Matsunaga, Hisato, additional, Miguel, Euripedes C., additional, Morgado, Pedro, additional, Pasquini, Massimo, additional, Perez-Rivera, Ricardo, additional, Potluri, Sriramya, additional, Reddy, Janardhan Y. C., additional, Riemann, Brad C., additional, do Rosario, Maria C., additional, Shavitt, Roseli G., additional, Stein, Dan J., additional, Viswasam, Kirupamani, additional, and Fineberg, Naomi A., additional

Published
2020
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33. Higher order compulsivity versus grooming dimensions as treatment targets for the DSM‐5 obsessive–compulsive and related disorders.

Author

Snorrason, Ivar, Conway, Christopher C., Falkenstein, Martha J., Kelley, Kara N., and Kuckertz, Jennie M.

Subjects
OBSESSIVE-compulsive disorder, COMPULSIVE behavior, BODY dysmorphic disorder, STRUCTURAL equation modeling, MENTAL illness, COMPULSIVE hair pulling, WORRY
Abstract

Background: Transdiagnostic definitions of obsessive–compulsive and related disorders (OCRDs) may represent useful treatment targets. The current study sought to characterize higher order dimensions underpinning the OCRDs in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fifth Edition, and examine their course during treatment. Methods: Adult patients (N = 407) completed measures of OCRDs, depression, and worry before and after intensive/residential treatment for OCRDs. Structural equation modeling was used to examine the comorbidity structure and temporal course of the symptoms. Results: Covariation of the symptoms was best represented by three dimensions: distress (depression and worry), compulsivity (obsessive–compulsive disorder, hoarding, and body dysmorphia), and grooming (hair pulling and skin picking). Latent change score modeling revealed significant reduction in the means of all three dimensions across treatment (Cohen's ds = −1.04, −0.62, and −0.23 for distress, compulsivity, and grooming, respectively). There was a strong correlation between change in compulsivity and grooming (r =.67) and change in compulsivity and distress (r =.80), but a small correlation between change in grooming and distress (r =.35). Conclusions: The results indicate that OCRDs are underpinned by higher order compulsivity and grooming dimensions that differ in their association with distress. The results further suggest that the two dimensions may reflect promising intervention targets suitable for transdiagnostic treatment protocols. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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34. Treatments used for obsessive–compulsive disorder—An international perspective

Author

Brakoulias, Vlasios, primary, Starcevic, Vladan, additional, Albert, Umberto, additional, Arumugham, Shyam Sundar, additional, Bailey, Brenda E., additional, Belloch, Amparo, additional, Borda, Tania, additional, Dell'Osso, Liliana, additional, Elias, Jason A., additional, Falkenstein, Martha J., additional, Ferrao, Ygor A., additional, Fontenelle, Leonardo F., additional, Jelinek, Lena, additional, Kalogeraki, Leto, additional, Kay, Brian, additional, Laurito, Luana D., additional, Lochner, Christine, additional, Maina, Giuseppe, additional, Marazziti, Donatella, additional, Martin, Andrew, additional, Matsunaga, Hisato, additional, Miguel, Euripedes C., additional, Morgado, Pedro, additional, Mourikis, Irakis, additional, Pasquini, Massimo, additional, Perez Rivera, Rodrigo, additional, Potluri, Sriramya, additional, Reddy, Janardhan Y.C., additional, Riemann, Brian C., additional, do Rosario, Maria Conceição, additional, Shavitt, Roseli G., additional, Stein, Dan J., additional, Viswasam, Kirupumani, additional, Wang, Zhen, additional, and Fineberg, Naomi A., additional

Published
2019
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37. Race/Ethnicity and Treatment Outcome in a Randomized Controlled Trial for Trichotillomania (Hair-Pulling Disorder)

Author

Falkenstein, Martha J., Rogers, Kate, Malloy, Elizabeth J., and Haaga, David A. F.

Subjects
Male, Self Care, Trichotillomania, Internet, Treatment Outcome, Behavior Therapy, Ethnicity, Humans, Female, Article, White People
Abstract

OBJECTIVE: Treatment outcome was compared among non-Hispanic White and racial/ethnic minority participants with trichotillomania (TTM), or hair-pulling disorder. METHOD: Symptom severity, quality of life, and TTM-related disability were compared in a behavior therapy trial with a stepped care approach: web-based self-help and then individual behavior therapy. The sample comprised 72% (n = 38) non-Hispanic White participants and 28% (n = 15) minority participants. RESULTS: The ethnic groups responded differently to treatment, with fewer minority participants showing improvement during web-based self-help. Response rates were equivalent between ethnic groups during the in-person behavior therapy. These results should be interpreted with caution because of the small sample size of minorities in the study and consequent inability to analyze results for each racial/ethnic group individually. CONCLUSIONS: Future studies should focus on the investigation of factors that may enable or hinder racial and ethnic minority participants to benefit from online and/or self-help behavior therapy for TTM.

Published
2015

39. Validation of the distress tolerance scale‐short form in obsessive compulsive disorder.

Author

Garner, Lauryn E., Van Kirk, Nathaniel, Tifft, Eric D., Krompinger, Jason W., Mathes, Brittany M., Fraire, Maria, Falkenstein, Martha J., Brennan, Brian P., Crosby, Jesse M., and Elias, Jason A.

Subjects
OBSESSIVE-compulsive disorder, OBSESSIVE-compulsive personality disorder, COMPULSIVE behavior, QUALITY of life, EXPLORATORY factor analysis, CONFIRMATORY factor analysis, FACTOR analysis
Abstract

Abstract: Objective: This study aimed to develop and validate the Distress Tolerance Scale‐Short Form (DTS‐SF), a modification of the original Distress Tolerance Scale, in a severe/complex sample of individuals with obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). Currently, there are multiple self‐report measurements of distress tolerance (DT), highlighting the need for a more refined measure. Method: Participants included 222 individuals with a primary diagnosis of OCD (57% male, average age = 31) seeking intensive/residential treatment. Participants completed surveys at admission, discharge, and each week. Results: An exploratory factor analysis revealed a one‐factor solution representing overall DT ability. The DTS‐SF was found to be sensitive to treatment effects. Appropriate associations between the DTS‐SF and other measures were also found, with lower DT associated with greater OCD and depression severity and lower reported quality of life. Conclusion: The DTS‐SF was found to be a valid and reliable measure with high clinical utility for quickly and accurately measuring DT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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42. Comprehensive Behavioral Treatment of Trichotillomania.

Author

Falkenstein, Martha J., Mouton-Odum, Suzanne, Mansueto, Charles S., Golomb, Ruth Goldfinger, and Haaga, David A. F.

Subjects
*COMPULSIVE hair pulling, *BEHAVIOR therapy, *COGNITIVE therapy, *MEDICAL protocols, *QUALITY of life, *PILOT projects, *TREATMENT effectiveness, *THERAPEUTICS
Abstract

This study aimed to concretize and pilot test comprehensive behavioral (ComB) treatment of trichotillomania (TTM), to facilitate rigorous testing of its efficacy. ComB provides a conceptualization to develop individualized treatment and choose interventions for managing distinct factors that maintain the individual’s hair pulling. It has been used by clinicians for almost three decades, yet was not previously manualized or studied empirically. A manual was drafted and revised based on patient (N = 16) and therapist feedback, an intervention choice study demonstrated therapists reliably selected model-consistent interventions, and a therapist adherence measure was developed and tested. Uncontrolled preliminary data showed ComB to be highly acceptable, and it led to reduced TTM symptom severity and impairment, with large effects. Quality of life and disability also improved, with effects maintained at follow-up. This study resulted in the development of a manual and measures to be used in a randomized controlled trial (RCT) of ComB for TTM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2016
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45. Treatments used for obsessive-compulsive disorder-An international perspective

Author

Kirupumani Viswasam, Luana D. Laurito, Ygor Arzeno Ferrão, Sriramya Potluri, Giuseppe Maina, Brian Kay, Amparo Belloch, Brenda E. Bailey, Christine Lochner, Vladan Starcevic, Donatella Marazziti, Leonardo F. Fontenelle, Zhen Wang, Leto Kalogeraki, Naomi A. Fineberg, Shyam Sundar Arumugham, Hisato Matsunaga, Massimo Pasquini, Lena Jelinek, Brian C. Riemann, Vlasios Brakoulias, Irakis Mourikis, Tania Borda, Martha J. Falkenstein, Roseli Gendaki Shavitt, Pedro Morgado, Janardhan Y. C. Reddy, Maria Conceição do Rosário, Jason A. Elias, Andrew J. Martin, Liliana Dell'Osso, Dan J. Stein, Euripedes Constantino Miguel, Umberto Albert, Rodrigo Perez Rivera, Brakoulias, Vlasio, Starcevic, Vladan, Albert, Umberto, Arumugham, Shyam Sundar, Bailey, Brenda E., Belloch, Amparo, Borda, Tania, Dell'Osso, Liliana, Elias, Jason A., Falkenstein, Martha J., Ferrao, Ygor A., Fontenelle, Leonardo F., Jelinek, Lena, Kalogeraki, Leto, Kay, Brian, Laurito, Luana D., Lochner, Christine, Maina, Giuseppe, Marazziti, Donatella, Martin, Andrew, Matsunaga, Hisato, Miguel, Euripedes C., Morgado, Pedro, Mourikis, Iraki, Pasquini, Massimo, Perez Rivera, Rodrigo, Potluri, Sriramya, Reddy, Janardhan Y. C., Riemann, Brian C., do Rosario, Maria Conceição, Shavitt, Roseli G., Stein, Dan J., Viswasam, Kirupumani, Wang, Zhen, Fineberg, Naomi A., Universidade do Minho, Brakoulias, Vlasios, and Reddy, Janardhan Y.C.

Subjects
Male, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, Internationality, medicine.medical_treatment, Deep Brain Stimulation, Social Sciences, Fluvoxamine, BENZODIAZEPINAS, pharmacotherapy, Benzodiazepines, 0302 clinical medicine, Pharmacology (medical), TERAPIA PSICOANALITICA, PSICOFARMACOLOGIA, antipsychotics, benzodiazepines, cross-cultural study, obsessive-compulsive disorder, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, Middle Aged, 3. Good health, Exposure and response prevention, obsessive–compulsive disorder, Neurology, Psychiatry and Mental Health, Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors, Aripiprazole, Female, benzodiazepine, Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors, medicine.drug, Psychosurgery, Antipsychotic Agents, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Ciências da Saúde [Ciências Médicas], Ciências Médicas::Ciências da Saúde, Serotonin reuptake inhibitor, 03 medical and health sciences, ANTIPSICOTICOS, medicine, PSICOTROPICOS, Humans, Antipsychotic, Psychiatry, FARMACOTERAPIA, Fluoxetine, Risperidone, Neurology (clinical), Science & Technology, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, business.industry, TRASTORNO OBSESIVO COMPULSIVO, 030227 psychiatry, antipsychotic, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, SEROTONINA
Abstract

Objective The objective of this study was to characterise international trends in the use of psychotropic medication, psychological therapies, and novel therapies used to treat obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD). Methods Researchers in the field of OCD were invited to contribute summary statistics on the characteristics of their samples. Consistency of summary statistics across countries was evaluated. Results The study surveyed 19 expert centres from 15 countries (Argentina, Australia, Brazil, China, Germany, Greece, India, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Portugal, South Africa, Spain, the United Kingdom, and the United States) providing a total sample of 7,340 participants. Fluoxetine (n = 972; 13.2%) and fluvoxamine (n = 913; 12.4%) were the most commonly used selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor medications. Risperidone (n = 428; 7.3%) and aripiprazole (n = 415; 7.1%) were the most commonly used antipsychotic agents. Neurostimulation techniques such as transcranial magnetic stimulation, deep brain stimulation, gamma knife surgery, and psychosurgery were used in less than 1% of the sample. There was significant variation in the use and accessibility of exposure and response prevention for OCD. Conclusions The variation between countries in treatments used for OCD needs further evaluation. Exposure and response prevention is not used as frequently as guidelines suggest and appears difficult to access in most countries. Updated treatment guidelines are recommended., Author V. B. would like to acknowledge all the staff at the numerous research centres throughout the world and their participants who contributed valuable data to this large data base. V. B. would also like toacknowledge Prof. Naomi Fineberg and the International College of Obsessive‐Compulsive Spectrum Disorders (ICOCS) who supportedthis project by circulating his invitation to participate in the surveyto its members.This study was sponsored by Nepean Medical Research Founda-tion Grant, Pfizer Neuroscience Grant, National Natural Science Foun-dation of China (Grant 81371340), and Spanish MINECO GrantPSI2013‐44733‐R.

Published
2018

46. Genome-wide association study identifies 30 obsessive-compulsive disorder associated loci.

Author

Strom NI, Gerring ZF, Galimberti M, Yu D, Halvorsen MW, Abdellaoui A, Rodriguez-Fontenla C, Sealock JM, Bigdeli T, Coleman JR, Mahjani B, Thorp JG, Bey K, Burton CL, Luykx JJ, Zai G, Alemany S, Andre C, Askland KD, Banaj N, Barlassina C, Nissen JB, Bienvenu OJ, Black D, Bloch MH, Boberg J, Børte S, Bosch R, Breen M, Brennan BP, Brentani H, Buxbaum JD, Bybjerg-Grauholm J, Byrne EM, Cabana-Dominguez J, Camarena B, Camarena A, Cappi C, Carracedo A, Casas M, Cavallini MC, Ciullo V, Cook EH, Crosby J, Cullen BA, De Schipper EJ, Delorme R, Djurovic S, Elias JA, Estivill X, Falkenstein MJ, Fundin BT, Garner L, German C, Gironda C, Goes FS, Grados MA, Grove J, Guo W, Haavik J, Hagen K, Harrington K, Havdahl A, Höffler KD, Hounie AG, Hucks D, Hultman C, Janecka M, Jenike E, Karlsson EK, Kelley K, Klawohn J, Krasnow JE, Krebs K, Lange C, Lanzagorta N, Levey D, Lindblad-Toh K, Macciardi F, Maher B, Mathes B, McArthur E, McGregor N, McLaughlin NC, Meier S, Miguel EC, Mulhern M, Nestadt PS, Nurmi EL, O'Connell KS, Osiecki L, Ousdal OT, Palviainen T, Pedersen NL, Piras F, Piras F, Potluri S, Rabionet R, Ramirez A, Rauch S, Reichenberg A, Riddle MA, Ripke S, Rosário MC, Sampaio AS, Schiele MA, Skogholt AH, Sloofman LGSG, Smit J, Soler AM, Thomas LF, Tifft E, Vallada H, van Kirk N, Veenstra-VanderWeele J, Vulink NN, Walker CP, Wang Y, Wendland JR, Winsvold BS, Yao Y, Zhou H, Agrawal A, Alonso P, Berberich G, Bucholz KK, Bulik CM, Cath D, Denys D, Eapen V, Edenberg H, Falkai P, Fernandez TV, Fyer AJ, Gaziano JM, Geller DA, Grabe HJ, Greenberg BD, Hanna GL, Hickie IB, Hougaard DM, Kathmann N, Kennedy J, Lai D, Landén M, Le Hellard S, Leboyer M, Lochner C, McCracken JT, Medland SE, Mortensen PB, Neale BM, Nicolini H, Nordentoft M, Pato M, Pato C, Pauls DL, Piacentini J, Pittenger C, Posthuma D, Ramos-Quiroga JA, Rasmussen SA, Richter MA, Rosenberg DR, Ruhrmann S, Samuels JF, Sandin S, Sandor P, Spalletta G, Stein DJ, Stewart SE, Storch EA, Stranger BE, Turiel M, Werge T, Andreassen OA, Børglum AD, Walitza S, Hveem K, Hansen BK, Rück CP, Martin NG, Milani L, Mors O, Reichborn-Kjennerud T, Ribasés M, Kvale G, Mataix-Cols D, Domschke K, Grünblatt E, Wagner M, Zwart JA, Breen G, Nestadt G, Kaprio J, Arnold PD, Grice DE, Knowles JA, Ask H, Verweij KJ, Davis LK, Smit DJ, Crowley JJ, Scharf JM, Stein MB, Gelernter J, Mathews CA, Derks EM, and Mattheisen M

Abstract

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) affects ~1% of the population and exhibits a high SNP-heritability, yet previous genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have provided limited information on the genetic etiology and underlying biological mechanisms of the disorder. We conducted a GWAS meta-analysis combining 53,660 OCD cases and 2,044,417 controls from 28 European-ancestry cohorts revealing 30 independent genome-wide significant SNPs and a SNP-based heritability of 6.7%. Separate GWAS for clinical, biobank, comorbid, and self-report sub-groups found no evidence of sample ascertainment impacting our results. Functional and positional QTL gene-based approaches identified 249 significant candidate risk genes for OCD, of which 25 were identified as putatively causal, highlighting WDR6 , DALRD3 , CTNND1 and genes in the MHC region. Tissue and single-cell enrichment analyses highlighted hippocampal and cortical excitatory neurons, along with D1- and D2-type dopamine receptor-containing medium spiny neurons, as playing a role in OCD risk. OCD displayed significant genetic correlations with 65 out of 112 examined phenotypes. Notably, it showed positive genetic correlations with all included psychiatric phenotypes, in particular anxiety, depression, anorexia nervosa, and Tourette syndrome, and negative correlations with a subset of the included autoimmune disorders, educational attainment, and body mass index.. This study marks a significant step toward unraveling its genetic landscape and advances understanding of OCD genetics, providing a foundation for future interventions to address this debilitating disorder., Competing Interests: Chris German is employed by and hold stock or stock options in 23andMe, Inc. Erika L. Nurmi is on the Scientific Advisory Board for Myriad Genetics and Medical Advisory Board for Tourette Association of America and received Clinical trial funding from Emalex and Octapharma Pharmaceuticals. Jeremy Veenstra-VanderWeele has served on advisory boards or consulted with Roche, Novartis, and SynapDx; received research funding from Roche, Novartis, SynapDx, Seaside Therapeutics, Forest, Janssen, Acadia, Yamo, and MapLight; received stipends for editorial work from Wiley and Springer. Jens R. Wendland is a current employee and shareholder of Takeda Pharmaceuticals and a past employee and shareholder of F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Pfizer and Nestle Health Science. Cynthia M. Bulik reports: Pearson (author, royalty recipient).Peter Falkai reports no conflict of interest regarding this study and reports to have received financial support and Advisory Board: Richter, Recordati, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Otsuka, Janssen and Lundbeck. Hans J. Grabe has received travel grants and speakers honoraria from Fresenius Medical Care, Neuraxpharm, Servier and Janssen Cilag as well as research funding from Fresenius Medical Care. Ian B. Hickie is the Co-Director, Health and Policy at the Brain and Mind Centre (BMC) University of Sydney, Australia. The BMC operates an early-intervention youth services at Camperdown under contract to headspace. Professor Hickie has previously led community-based and pharmaceutical industry-supported (Wyeth, Eli Lily, Servier, Pfizer, AstraZeneca, Janssen Cilag) projects focused on the identification and better management of anxiety and depression. He is the Chief Scientific Advisor to, and a 3.2% equity shareholder in, InnoWell Pty Ltd which aims to transform mental health services through the use of innovative technologies. Benjamin M. Neale is a member of the scientific advisory board at Deep Genomics and Neumora. Christopher Pittenger consults and/or receives research support from Biohaven Pharmaceuticals, Freedom Biosciences, Ceruvia Lifesciences, Transcend Therapeutics, UCB BioPharma, and F-Prime Capital Partners. He owns equity in Alco Therapeutics. These relationships are not related to the current work. Dan J. Stein has received consultancy honoraria from Discovery Vitality, Johnson & Johnson, Kanna, L’Oreal, Lundbeck, Orion, Sanofi, Servier, Takeda and Vistagen. Eric A. Storch reports receiving research funding to his institution from the Ream Foundation, International OCD Foundation, and NIH. He was formerly a consultant for Brainsway and Biohaven Pharmaceuticals in the past 12 months. He owns stock less than $5000 in NView/Proem for distribution related to the YBOCS scales. He receives book royalties from Elsevier, Wiley, Oxford, American Psychological Association, Guildford, Springer, Routledge, and Jessica Kingsley. Ole A. Andreasson reports to be a consultant to Cortechs.ai, Precision Health AS, speakers honorarium from Otsuka, Lundbeck, Sunovion, Janssen. Anders D. Børglum has received speaker fee from Lundbeck. David Mataix-Cols receives royalties for contributing articles to UpToDate, Wolters Kluwer Health, and personal fees for editorial work from Elsevier, all unrelated to the current work. Murray B. Stein has in the past 3 years received consulting income from Acadia Pharmaceuticals, BigHealth, Biogen, Bionomics, Boehringer Ingelheim, Clexio, Eisai, EmpowerPharm, Engrail Therapeutics, Janssen, Jazz Pharmaceuticals, NeuroTrauma Sciences, Otsuka, PureTech Health, Sage Therapeutics, Sumitomo Pharma, and Roche/Genentech. Dr. Stein has stock options in Oxeia Biopharmaceuticals and EpiVario. He has been paid for his editorial work on Depression and Anxiety (Editor-in-Chief), Biological Psychiatry (Deputy Editor), and UpToDate (Co-Editor-in-Chief for Psychiatry). Joel Gelernter is paid for editorial work by the journal Complex Psychiatry. Pino Alonso has received funding from Biohaven, Boston Scientific, Medtronic. All other authors report no conflicts of interest.

Published
2024
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