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A permineralized Pityostrobus cone has been discovered in a calcareous concretion from shallow marine siltstones of Lower Cretaceous (uppermost Aptian; Clansenian) age in the Caucasus Mountains in southwestern Russia. Concretions of this type also contain wood fragments, gastropods, bivalves, and an extremely well-preserved assemblage of cephalopods. Russian spore and pollen analyses indicate that deposition in this region may have occurred during a temperate climate regime. The Russian cone is cylindrical, about 2.5 cm in diameter. Individual scales contain up to 17 resin canals and 18 vascular strands. Although the cone displays many pinaceous features, including inflated scale apexes, resin canals abaxial to vascular tissue in scale base, and scale strands curved on the adaxial side, the bract and scale trace are not united at their origin. Therefore, this cone is assignable to the genus Pityostrobus. Tunneled borings in the cortex of the cone axis are partially packed with numerous small frass (8.9 [[micro]meter]). These borings occurred prior to transport and deposition of the cone into the marine environment. The tunnels are up to 4.5 mm long, ca. 1 mm in diameter, and resemble those produced by modem cone boring beetles such as Conophthorus. This cone broadens our understanding of both the systematic diversity and paleoecology of Mesozoic Pinaceae.