Search

Peaches and nectarines have a short shelf life even when harvested at appropriate physiological maturity. Market life is increased by storage at low temperatures. However, chilling injury symptoms can appear, causing physiological disorders and limiting shipping potential. The rootstock effect on the post-harvest quality has hardly been explored. Thus, the principal aim of this work was to study the influence of seven different Prunus rootstocks on the “Big Top” nectarine cv, considering harvest and post-harvest quality parameters and their correlation with chilling injury disorders. Basic fruit quality traits, individual sugars and organic acids analyzed by HPLC and other biochemical compounds such as relative antioxidant capacity, total phenolics content, flavonoids, anthocyanins, vitamin C and related enzyme activities (PAL, POD, PPO) were considered. In addition, correlations with possible candidate genes for chilling injury (CI) tolerance were searched by qPCR. Although a low susceptibility to CI symptoms has been found in “Big Top”, rootstocks “PADAC 9902-01”, “PADAC 99-05” and “ReplantPAC” exhibited lower CI symptoms. A statistically significant influence of the evaluated rootstocks was found concerning the parameters of this study. Phenols and anthocyanins seem to be important parameters to be considered in the prevention of chilling injury disorders. Moreover, PAL1, PPO4, PG2 and LDOX genes relative expressions were positively associated with chilling injury susceptibility. This study opens new perspectives for understanding peach fruit adaptation and response to cold storage temperatures during the post-harvest period.

Peaches and nectarines have a short shelf life even when harvested at appropriate physiological maturity. Market life is increased by storage at low temperatures. However, chilling injury symptoms can appear, causing physiological disorders and limiting shipping potential. The rootstock effect on the post-harvest quality has hardly been explored. Thus, the principal aim of this work was to study the influence of seven different Prunus rootstocks on the “Big Top” nectarine cv, considering harvest and post-harvest quality parameters and their correlation with chilling injury disorders. Basic fruit quality traits, individual sugars and organic acids analyzed by HPLC and other biochemical compounds such as relative antioxidant capacity, total phenolics content, flavonoids, anthocyanins, vitamin C and related enzyme activities (PAL, POD, PPO) were considered. In addition, correlations with possible candidate genes for chilling injury (CI) tolerance were searched by qPCR. Although a low susceptibility to CI symptoms has been found in “Big Top”, rootstocks “PADAC 9902-01”, “PADAC 99-05” and “ReplantPAC” exhibited lower CI symptoms. A statistically significant influence of the evaluated rootstocks was found concerning the parameters of this study. Phenols and anthocyanins seem to be important parameters to be considered in the prevention of chilling injury disorders. Moreover, PAL1, PPO4, PG2 and LDOX genes relative expressions were positively associated with chilling injury susceptibility. This study opens new perspectives for understanding peach fruit adaptation and response to cold storage temperatures during the post-harvest period.

This paper presents a procedure for the comparison of two technologies developed to classify peach trees according to their nutritional status. The first technology uses the leaf SPAD-502 meter value to characterize tree classes as indicated by agronomist experts: sound, intermediate, and strong chlorosis trees. It is used as a reference for the second technology, which uses a combination of two multispectral indexes computed from reflectance hyperspectral images. Specifically, R_NDVI = (R800 − R670)/(R800 + R670) and HyperSPAD = (R940/R650) are computed for each leaf pixel. An automated methodology is proposed that sets two optical thresholds (three hyperspectral categories) in view of the outliers according to a normal distribution, together with an iterative optimization of the bounding that determines the best assignment of trees to one of the three SPAD_502 levels of nutritional status, as required for practical agronomical purposes such as fertilization. The Chi 2 distribution is used to confirm the similarity of both nutritional classifications. These results encourage the use of on-board multispectral cameras to monitor the nutritional status of trees and to establish a more efficient fertilization strategy where inputs are applied according to individual status, with the consequent reduction in losses of fertilizers such as nitrogen to the atmosphere, soil, and water resulting from over-application.

The influence of nine different Prunus rootstocks budded with the ‘Big Top’ nectarine cultivar was evaluated in a rootstock trial established at the Experimental Station of Aula Dei (Zaragoza, Spain). Chilling injury (CI) symptoms as browning, mealiness, leatheriness and bleeding were determined after 28 days of cold storage at 5°C plus 2 days of shelf-life. Agronomical basic fruit quality traits as firmness, soluble solids content (SSC) and titratable acidity (TA) were determined at harvest, after 28 days of fruit storage at 5°C and after 28 days plus 2 days of shelf-life. In addition, biochemical compounds as main individual sugars and organic acids, relative antioxidant capacity (RAC), total phenolics content (TPC), total flavonoids content (TFC), vitamin C (AsA) and anthocyanins content (AC) were also quantified. Moreover, enzymatic activity of key enzymes related with the tolerance against CI such as phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and peroxidase (POX) were determined. Significant effect of Prunus rootstocks was found on leatheriness and bleeding symptoms, firmness, TA, sugars and organic acids, AC and enzymatic activities. Sugars, organic acids, TPC, AC and the enzymatic activities of the phenylpropanoid pathway and ROS metabolism enzymes seemed to be important parameters to consider in the prevention of CI susceptibility. These results may be helpful in the choice of rootstocks inducing lower chilling injury susceptibility.

Peaches and nectarines are climacteric fruits with a relatively short storage potential due to rapid ripening and deterioration. Cold storage is effective in extending shelf-life, and preserving fruit quality properties; however, it can lead to the development of a disorder known as chilling injury (CI), perceived when fruit reaches consumer. In the present work, 51 local Spanish and 57 non-Spanish cultivars from the peach germplasm collection established at the Experimental Station of Aula Dei (Zaragoza, Spain) were evaluated after storage of fruit at 5°C (CI inducing conditions) for 2 and 4 weeks. Given the large influence of pre-harvest factors on post-harvest performance of peaches, harvest and postharvest phenotype information was obtained. Basic fruit quality parameters as soluble solids content (SSC), firmness (N), titratable acidity (TA), and ripening index (SSC/TA) were determined. Biochemical compounds such as total phenolics content (TPC) and anthocyanins content (AC) were also obtained. In addition, the enzymatic activity of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) was determined to study its correlation with CI symptoms. Statistical analyses emphasized differences between the assayed cultivars and highlighted their origin as a key factor affecting metabolite profiles and susceptibility to chilling injury during cold storage.

Brown rot caused by the fungus Monilinia spp., can cause significant losses in stone fruits. Currently M. fructicola and M. laxa are the main species in Spain, and M. fructicola has become dominant in the Ebro Valley. The cuticle of the fruit is the first barrier of protection against external aggressions, so it may have a key role in the susceptibility to Monilinia spp. infection. We studied the variability in the fruit susceptibility to M. fructicola infection in a National Peach Collection at CITA (Zaragoza, Spain) and the influence of the fruit cuticle thickness and density on this susceptibility across three seasons. Results showed a wide variability in the susceptibility of peach cultivars to M. fructicola infection within the collection, consistent between years, which will allow the selection of less susceptible material for use in breeding, as well as the search for genomic markers that influence the control of the tolerance to this fungal infection. On the other hand, the results obtained from the analysis of cuticle thickness and density, indicated a significant negative correlation between cuticle thickness and density and susceptibility to infection, suggesting the influence of the cuticle on the resistance to M. fructicola infection.

The introduction of new non-indigenous species (NIS) in Spanish marine waters is addressed under Descriptor 2 of the European Union’s Marine Strategy Framework Directive. National baseline inventories of NIS have been compiled and updated for the three subregions (Western Mediterranean Sea, WMED; Bay of Biscay–Iberian Coast, ABI; Macaronesia, AMA) with data from 1800 to 2021. An overall of 574 species were identified with an alien, cryptogenic, crypto-expanding, or debatable status, mostly invertebrates (~65%) and primary producers (~22%). Of 412 alien species, 80.51% were reported in ABI, 67.82% in WMED, and 66.67% in AMA. Cryptogenic species are more abundant in the WMED (25.25%), compared to AMA (19.77%) and ABI (18.46%). ABI harbors more established species (62.56%) than AMA (45.2%) and WMED (43.56%), contrary to casual records (AMA 31.64%, WMED 23.76%, ABI 13.85%). Invasive species are more abundant (14.36%) in WMED. The ‘transport-stowaway’ pathway accounted for 142 (79.33%), 123 (67.58%), and 169 (85.21%) records in WMED, ABI, and AMA, respectively. The second most common pathway was ‘transport-contaminant’ related to mariculture (~10% of the total), prevalently in ABI with 42 species (23.08%). The Canary Islands stand out for species introduced through oil platforms from throughout the world. ‘Unaided’ was a relevant pathway of secondary introduction into the WMED, particularly of Lessepsian species progressing westwards. Temporal trends in newly introduced species show similar behavior among subregions.

Memoria del Proyecto de Innovación Docente 2022/2023, nº 83. Prácticas conjuntas de alumnos de 1º y 4º curso de Odontología para realizar la planificación y tratamiento sobre alumnos con sintomatología de trastornos temporomandibulares y/o bruxismo. De forma interdisciplinar, considerando también aspectos psicológicos.

[Abstract] The introduction of new non-indigenous species (NIS) in Spanish marine waters is addressed under Descriptor 2 of the European Union’s Marine Strategy Framework Directive. National baseline inventories of NIS have been compiled and updated for the three subregions (Western Mediterranean Sea, WMED; Bay of Biscay–Iberian Coast, ABI; Macaronesia, AMA) with data from 1800 to 2021. An overall of 574 species were identified with an alien, cryptogenic, crypto-expanding, or debatable status, mostly invertebrates (~65%) and primary producers (~22%). Of 412 alien species, 80.51% were reported in ABI, 67.82% in WMED, and 66.67% in AMA. Cryptogenic species are more abundant in the WMED (25.25%), compared to AMA (19.77%) and ABI (18.46%). ABI harbors more established species (62.56%) than AMA (45.2%) and WMED (43.56%), contrary to casual records (AMA 31.64%, WMED 23.76%, ABI 13.85%). Invasive species are more abundant (14.36%) in WMED. The ‘transport-stowaway’ pathway accounted for 142 (79.33%), 123 (67.58%), and 169 (85.21%) records in WMED, ABI, and AMA, respectively. The second most common pathway was ‘transport-contaminant’ related to mariculture (~10% of the total), prevalently in ABI with 42 species (23.08%). The Canary Islands stand out for species introduced through oil platforms from throughout the world. ‘Unaided’ was a relevant pathway of secondary introduction into the WMED, particularly of Lessepsian species progressing westwards. Temporal trends in newly introduced species show similar behavior among subregions.

Antipatharians, also known as black corals, form three-dimensional habitats with high biodiversity from the infralittoral to the bathyal rocky bottoms of The Canary Islands. About thirty species belonging to this group have been found in this archipelago and surrounding areas. However, the taxonomic identification of some species still seems confusing, mainly due to their phenotypic plasticity. Therefore, the combination of morphological and genetic studies to support their identification is required. During a survey aboard the R/V Ángeles Alvariño conducted in 2022 in Special Areas of Conservation (SAC) at La Palma and El Hierro, the western islands of the Canary Archipelago, 23 specimens of black corals were collected with a remote operated vehicle. These samples, collected at depths between 120 and 531 m, were identified using morphological characters and molecular techniques (amplification and sequencing of 28S rRNA gene fragment). Although the results confirm the coincident morphological and molecular identifications for species of the genera Leiopathes or Antipathes, they show certain discrepancies in some taxa between the two approaches. Specifically, morphological features such as size, arrangement of the polyps and the shape of the spines, assign three samples to two different genera Antipathella and Tanacetipathes, while sequence homology to Genbank available sequences for Antipatharia and the phylogenetic analysis identified them as the same taxa. On the other hand, five collected specimens morphologically identified as Stichopathes spp. appear in two separate clades in the phylogenetic tree, being assigned to different genera by the molecular method, which confirms that the genus Stichopathes is a polyphyletic taxon, as previously reported (Bo et al., 2012). Further confirmation of the results presented here will be performed using mitochondrial markers. This study greatly contributes to clarify black corals taxonomy in The Canary Islands.

The introduction of new non-indigenous species (NIS) in Spanish marine waters is addressed under Descriptor 2 of the European Union’s Marine Strategy Framework Directive. National baseline inventories of NIS have been compiled and updated for the three subregions (Western Mediterranean Sea, WMED; Bay of Biscay–Iberian Coast, ABI; Macaronesia, AMA) with data from 1800 to 2021. An overall of 574 species were identified with an alien, cryptogenic, crypto-expanding, or debatable status, mostly invertebrates (~65%) and primary producers (~22%). Of 412 alien species, 80.51% were reported in ABI, 67.82% in WMED, and 66.67% in AMA. Cryptogenic species are more abundant in the WMED (25.25%), compared to AMA (19.77%) and ABI (18.46%). ABI harbors more established species (62.56%) than AMA (45.2%) and WMED (43.56%), contrary to casual records (AMA 31.64%, WMED 23.76%, ABI 13.85%). Invasive species are more abundant (14.36%) in WMED. The ‘transport-stowaway’ pathway accounted for 142 (79.33%), 123 (67.58%), and 169 (85.21%) records in WMED, ABI, and AMA, respectively. The second most common pathway was ‘transport-contaminant’ related to mariculture (~10% of the total), prevalently in ABI with 42 species (23.08%). The Canary Islands stand out for species introduced through oil platforms from throughout the world. ‘Unaided’ was a relevant pathway of secondary introduction into the WMED, particularly of Lessepsian species progressing westwards. Temporal trends in newly introduced species show similar behavior among subregions.

[ES] La técnica del injerto en fruticultura permite adaptar especies a diferentes condiciones ambientales del suelo. La mejora genética ha desarrollado patrones con diferentes características de adaptación, tolerancia y/o resistencia a factores bióticos y abióticos del suelo, y control del vigor del árbol. El éxito del injerto depende de que la variedad y el patrón conformen una unidad funcional que llegue al periodo productivo con buena compatibilidad. Sin embargo, la falta de afinidad entre ambos componentes puede ocasionar distintos tipos de incompatibilidad con graves repercusiones económicas. Por ello, en este trabajo se estudió la compatibilidad patrón-variedad entre diferentes combinaciones de patrones Prunus y variedades de frutales de hueso. Se evaluaron patrones procedentes de distintos centros de investigación y con distinta base genética (diferentes especies de ciruelo, híbridos inter-específicos de ciruelo, híbridos almendro x melocotonero, etc.). Según los casos, fueron injertados con variedades de albaricoquero, almendro, cerezo, ciruelo y nectarina, y los árboles cultivados en viveros experimentales de la Estación Experimental de Aula Dei. El tipo de incompatibilidad ‘traslocada’ se diagnosticó mediante la observación de síntomas visuales en los árboles injertados (anomalías vegetativas) y la incompatibilidad ‘localizada’, mediante el análisis macroscópico de sus uniones de injerto. También, se estimó el contenido foliar de clorofila y vigor de los árboles. Se pudieron detectar los dos tipos de incompatibilidad patrón-variedad más habituales en las especies frutales de hueso: la incompatibilidad ‘traslocada’ y la ‘localizada’. La primera de ellas fue más frecuente en combinaciones de melocotonero y almendro, y la segunda en las combinaciones de albaricoquero, almendro, cerezo, ciruelo y melocotonero. También se observó la incompatibilidad ‘total’ con fallo de prendimiento del injerto en combinaciones con algunas variedades de albaricoquero, almendro, [EN] The fruit grafting technique allows various species to adapt different environmental conditions soil. Genetic breeding has developed rootstocks with different characteristics of adaptation, tolerance and / or resistance to biotic and abiotic factors of the soil, and control tree vigour. The success graft depends on variety and rootstocks forming as functional unit that comes with good compatibility in the productive period. Graft incompatibility may be defined as failure to form a successful graft union. However, the absent of affinity between these two components may generate different types of incompatibility with serious economic repercussions. The aim of the work is to study the graft compatibility between different combinations of Prunus rootstocks and some varieties of stone fruit trees. The rootstocks were obtained from different research centers with different genetic bases (various species of plum, inter-specific plum hybrids, almond x peach hybrids). As the case it were grafted with almond, apricot, cherry, nectarine and plum varieties, and the trees were cultivated in experimental nurseries of the Aula Dei Experimental Station. ‘Translocated’ incompatibility to be evaluated by observing visual symptoms (vegetative anomalies) and ‘localized’ incompatibility throughout macroscopic analysis of graft unions. Also, the chlorophyll foliar content and tree vigor were estimated. The two most common types of rootstocks-scion incompatibility in fruit stone tree were detected: ‘translocated’ and ‘localized’. The first one was more frequent in combinations of peach and almond, and the second in apricot, almond, cherry, plum and peach combinations. Besides, study the ‘total’ incompatibility with unsuccessful graft or ‘graft failure’ by some combinations with apricot tree, almond and cherry varieties. Among the rootstocks evaluation, the hexaploid plum species, also called ‘slow-growing plums’ (P. insititia, P. domestica) which presented, in general, a good behavi

[ES] En este trabajo se ha evaluado la compatibilidad patrón-variedad de distintos patrones Prunus injertados con la variedad de ciruelo japonés 'Golden Japan' y de albaricoquero 'Moniqui'., [EN] This work has been focused on the evaluation of the graft compatibility in different Prunus rootsctocks budded with the japanese plum cultivar 'Golden Japan' and the apricot cv. 'Moniqui'.

Se trata de la continuación de un proyecto conjunto, iniciado en el pasado curso académico, entre alumnos de la asignatura de Comunicación y Psicología de 1er curso y alumnos de la asignatura optativa de Planificación Terapéutica en Disfunción Craneomandibular y Patología Oral del Sueño de 4º curso de Odontología. Es un trabajo de colaboración interdepartamental que pretende profundizar en el conocimiento de la relación entre factores psicológicos y trastornos del área craneomandibular, en concreto trastornos temporomandibulares y bruxismo. Con el fin de evaluar la influencia de los cambios psicológicos ocasionados por la situación de pandemia COVID-19 y el confinamiento, y su repercusión en el área de los trastornos craneomandibulares y bruxismo, se completará el proyecto iniciado el pasado curso académico. En la primera parte del proyecto se realizaron fundamentalmente los cuestionarios psicológicos. En el presente año al haber finalizado el confinamiento, ha sido posible completar la exploración física de los alumnos y se ha valorado la relación de los trastornos temporomandibulares con el bruxismo.

Algae blooms are becoming more frequent throughout the world, causing significant impacts on the environment and even on human health. Benthic cyanobacteria, such as the species of the genus Lyngbya C.Agardh ex Gomont, are one more component of the communities of intertidal and subtidal habitats of all the oceans. Nevertheless, these species present the ability to grow rapidly under certain conditions, even forming blooms that dominate the habitat, and eventually, may affect the rest of the species in the community harmfully. In this study, we present the results of an oceanographic survey carried out on the southern coasts of Fuerteventura and Lanzarote in November 2021, where the massive presence of Lyngbya sp. (species yet to be confirmed genetically) was detected on circalittoral bottoms and at depths greater than 100 m. Dense populations of this species were recognized visually, sampling with ROV-T Tasife, and were also identified by live samples collected with the Liropus ROV. Lyngbya populations presented different colors, mainly depending on the depth, being dark red in the shallowest waters at 80 m and whitish at around 150 m. The accumulations of filaments of this alga overgrown the bed and all the benthic species found there, especially some vulnerable habitat-forming species: cnidarian species such as the black corals Antipathes furcata, Antipathella wollastoni or Stichopathes gracilis, or sponges such as different species of the Axinellidae family. This is the first study assessing the impact of the algae bloom on the circalittoral benthic environment of The Canary Islands.

Research in marine Spanish waters are focused on several actions to achieve an effectively management on protected areas, with the active participation of the stakeholders and research as basic tools for decision-making. Among these actions, there is one about the knowledge and control on NIS. One of its objectives is the creation of NIS factsheets, which are going to be added to the National Marine Biodiversity Geographical System (GIS) providing complementary information about taxonomic classification, common names, taxonomic synonyms, species illustrations, identification morphological characters, habitat in the native and introduced regions, biological and ecological traits, GenBank DNA sequences, world distribution, first record and evolution in the introduced areas, likely pathways of introduction, effects in the habitats and interaction with native species, and potential management measures to apply. The database will also provide data for (1) the European online platforms, (2) the environmental assessment for the Descriptor 2 (D2-NIS) of the EU Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD), as well as (3) supporting decisions made by stakeholders. It is the result of extensive collaboration among scientist, manager’s and citizen science in the Spanish North-Atlantic, South-Atlantic, Gibraltar Strait-Alboran, Levantine-Balearic and Canary Islands marine divisions, providing an updated overview of the spatial distribution of relevant extended and invasive NIS of recent and established NIS introduced by maritime transport and aquaculture pathways, as well as on cryptogenic or native species in expansion due to the climatic water warming trend.

Jesús Val fue invitado por la compañía Tradecorp International a participar en el formato de ponencia invitada a la XIV Jornada Técnica de ACOPAEX (Villanueva de la Serena, Badajoz. 17-18 enero 2019. Esta invitación es fruto de varios contratos de colaboración público-privada entre la EEAD-CSIC y la mencionada compañía. Durante la conferencia, se actualizó el estado del arte acerca del papel del calcio en plantas cultivadas haciendo especial mención a los resultados alcanzados por el grupo de Investigación del CSIC en la EEAD, Nutrición de Cultivos Frutales (NCF), liderado por Jesús Val. Así mismo, Jesús Val inicio su conferencia con una presentación institucional de la Agencia Estatal de Investigación CSIC y de la EEAD-CSIC en particular. Jesús Val, era en la fecha de celebración de la jornada Director de la EEAD-CSIC y es su costumbre y deber, divulgar y dar visibilidad al CSIC en su conjunto y, en particular, las líneas de investigación de la EEAD, tanto en investigación básica como privada. Especialmente en los encuentros con los skateholders de los sectores de la cadena alimentaria, promociona la actividad de todos los grupos de la EEAD en el ánimo de fomentar la transferencia del conocimiento acumulado en la EEAD al sector privado. Una vez concluidas las presentaciones institucionales J Val pasó a describir brevemente en un lenguaje técnico el Estado del arte del papel del calcio y su importancia en la calidad de los cultivos, haciendo especial referencia a la experiencia del grupo NCF en especies frutales de hueso y también en distintos ensayos en tomate que ha sido usado tanto como planta modelo como especie hortícola que permite ensayar en tiempos relativamente cortos la eficacia de distintos correctores de desequilibrios de calcio. El grupo NCF ha creado una tecnología registrada como secreto industrial con la que se ha conseguido mitigar la incidencia de graves fisiopatías que ocasionan mermas de la producción de fruta y desprestigio de la calidad de la p

Current existing intensive farming practices require the use of large quantities of mulching film and fruit protection bags since they prevent the growth of weeds, regulate soil temperature, retain water and nutrients and protect crops from insects. For these farming practices, single-use conventional non-degradable polymers are used, creating a serious problem of waste management since it is time-consuming, expensive to recycle and, more importantly, is non-environmentally friendly contaminating the environment. By using biodegradable plastics, this problem could be solved by preventing the creation of waste. The objectives of our study were to produce an innovative biobased and biodegradable plastic film that entirely biodegrades in natural conditions on the field within a short time after their usage and to know its effects in tomato and peach crops. For this purpose, this film has been used to produce both biomulching to which specific oligo elements has been added to test in tomato crops and biobags to protect the fruits from insects and improve quality at harvest in peaches. Tests carried out on tomato showed that these new bioplastics improved soil quality by increasing (up to 13%) the concentration of some oligo elements and by decreasing (65%) blossom end rot. In the case of peaches, by using biobags, a uniform colour (without red blush), which is a required characteristic in this type of commodity (Protected Designation of Origin 'Calanda') was obtained, with a decrease in a* colour coordinate (more than 2 points). Moreover, bioplastics only took 6 months to degrade completely within the soil.

[PO] Pêssegos e nectarinas são susceptíveis ao armazenamento refrigerado perdendo qualidade, assim a utilização de caracteres agronômicos correlacionados é importante em programas de melhoramento genético que visam frutos de qualidade e maior oferta da fruta no mercado. Este trabalho teve como objetivo realizar estudo das possíveis correlações entre os parâmetros de qualidade e de suscetibilidade aos danos por frio de pêssegos e nectarinas. O estudo foi conduzido na EEAD-CSIC, Zaragoza - Espanha, durante o ciclo produtivo 2013/2014. Um total de 40 acessos de pessegueiro e nectarineira foram avaliados quanto às características de qualidade [firmeza de polpa (FP), teor de sólidos solúveis totais (SST), acidez titulável (AT), pH, índice de maturação (IM), coloração do mesocarpo (CM)] e susceptibilidade aos danos por frio após armazenamento em duas temperaturas (0 e 5 ºC) e em dois períodos (14 e 28 dias). Dois dias após retirados das baixas temperaturas, foram observados diferentes sintomas de frio, como presença de polpa farinhenta (PF), granulosa (PG), coriácea (PC), alterações de coloração do mesocarpo, escurecimento (EI), avermelhamento interno (AI) e ausência de sabor (AS). Os dados foram submetidos ao estudo do coeficiente de correlação de Pearson entre os parâmetros de qualidade inicial e os frutos armazenados após duas e quatro semanas em 0 e 5º C. As variáveis IM, SST, FP e AT apresentaram correlações significativas entre si e, com PG e EI, indicando que frutos com maior amadurecimento tendem a desenvolver tais sintomas de danos. Os distúrbios EI, PF, PG e AS foram correlacionados significativamente, corroborando que esses sintomas são os principais distúrbios causados pelo armazenamento refrigerado. As variáveis de CM correlacionaram-se significativamente com EI e AI, e outros sintomas correlatos a estes, confirmando as alterações de cor., [EN] Peaches and nectarines are susceptible cold storage already it lost quality. Then, the use of related agronomic traits is important in breeding programs aimed to obtain fruit quality and higher fruit supply in the market. The aim of this work was to evaluate the correlations between quality and susceptibility to chilling injury of peaches and nectarines. The study was carried out in EEAD-CSIC, Zaragoza - Spain, during 2013/2014 cycle. A total of 40 peaches and nectarines genotypes from germplasm collection were evaluated. The quality characteristics as flesh firmness, total soluble solids, titratable acidity, pH, rippining index and flesh color parameters and the susceptibility chilling injury after storage in two temperatures (0 e 5 °C) and two times period (14 e 28 days) were evaluated. After two days that the fruits were removal these low temperatures, the presence of symptoms, such as wooliness through mealiness, flesh grainy, leatheriness and flesh color changes, through browning, bleeding and off flavor were evaluated. The data were submitted to study the Pearson’s correlation coefficient between the initial fruit quality variables and the fruits stored after two and four weeks at 0 and 5 °C. The quality parameters as rippining index, soluble solids, firmness and titratable acidity presented correlation among them. These, also it had correlation with woolines and bowning, what it indicated that fruits with more ripening can have the symptoms more easily. The browning, mealiness, flesh grainy and off flavor variables were correlationed with the time period and temperatures, what it confirms that these symptoms are the main disorders caused by cold storage. The flesh color variables presented significant correlations with browning and bleeding, and other symptoms related to, confirming color changes.

High value late season peach cultivars from the region of Aragón (NE, Spain) are appreciated for their delicate flavor, external uniform golden appearance, yellow pulp and chiefly to be free of chemicals as they are bagged from their last three months of growth until harvest. However, their shelf life under storage is very short due to several problems such as loss of firmness, appearance of chilling injuries, incidence of physiological alterations called vitrescent dark spot (VDS) or corky spot (CS) and fungal rots. The research team from Zaragoza has worked for years in the fight against calcium-related physiological disorders in apples by preharvest strategies of foliar calcium treatments. More recently, postharvest treatments with low oxygen at room temperature (LOT) have been successfully applied. However, no reports of these kinds of treatments have been previously reported in late season peaches. Therefore, immediately after harvest, 'Chato' peaches were stored for 2 days at 20°C under low O2 (1-2%) in Palliflex bags. Thereafter, fruits were cold-stored (0-2°C) without bag for 40 days and changes were monitored in terms of fruit quality, chilling injuries, incidence of physiological alterations and respiration rates. After 40 days of cold storage, the firmness of treated fruits was the same as at the harvest day, about 41.9 N, meanwhile fruits untreated, decreased to 35.0 N. On the other hand, LOT treatment decreased both the incidence of VDS from 37.9 to 4.0% and chilling injury severity from 59.3 to 20.0%. Respiration rates were similar between treatments. Only statistical differences on ethanol production were found: higher in the treated fruits, probably due to the storage temperature the very first 2 days, although no odd flavors were found. In conclusion, the application of LOT treatments prior to cold storage may be a promising strategy to preserve fruit quality of late season peach cultivars and deserves further investigation.

A great proportion of losses in apple production can be attributed to fruit physiological disorders, usually revealed during cold storage. These losses are commonly associated with metabolic processes in which calcium is involved. After years of study and experimentation in an attempt to reduce the incidence of Ca-related disorders by exogenous calcium treatments, a study published by Edna Pesis in 2007 opened another research route in this regard. This study, in 'Granny Smith', revealed that applying a treatment of low oxygen at room temperature, a considerable reduction of scald was achieved and pointed to a possible effect on alleviating bitter pit. It was hypothesized that low oxygen treatments may delay the metabolic activity of fruits and also delay ripening, softening and withering. Since 2008, we have continued to deepen into the development of alternative methods of low environmental impact which avoid the use of chemicals. Strategies have been developed for the application of LOT (low oxygen treatment) treatments at room temperature in various apple cultivars, obtaining promising results at the lab and at the semi-industrial scale. In this paper, LOT technology has been validated, this time, on an industrial scale. An Ilerfred system, with monitoring and control of CO2 and O2, was used. The LOT followed by conventional cold storage has proved to be very effective for the control of rots in all cultivars, and was able to effectively control lenticel blotch pit in 'Reinette'. The results of the 2016 campaign compared to those of the two previous seasons allow us to conclude that improvement in shelf life of apples is achieved by combining different LOT conditions with the dynamic controlled atmosphere (DCA) storage technology.

Aim of study: Developing models to determine soluble solids content (SSC) in cherry trees by means of Vis/NIR spectroscopy. Area of study: The Spanish Autonomous Community of Aragón (Spain). Material and methods: Vis/NIR spectroscopy was applied to Prunus avium fruit ‘Chelan’ (n=360) to predict total SSC using a range 400-2420 nm. Linear (PLS) and nonlinear (LSSVM) regression methods were applied to establish prediction models. Main results: The two regression methods applied obtained similar results (Rcv2=0.97 and Rcv2=0.98 respectively). The range 700-1060 nm attained better results to predict SSC in different seasons. Forty variables selected according to the variable selection method achieved Rcv2 value, 0.97 similar than full range. Research highlights: The development of this methodology is of great interest to the fruit sector in the area, facilitating the harvest for future seasons. Further work is needed on the development of the NIRS methodology and on new calibration equations for other varieties of cherry and other species.

Jornada divulgativa y acto central de todas las actividades de celebración del 75 Aniversario de la EEAD realizadas a lo largo de 2019. Celebrada en salón de actos del centro “Patio de la Infanta” de la Fundación Ibercaja. El miércoles 30 de octubre de 2019. Organizada por la Dirección del Instituto (Dr. Jesús Val), contó con la asistencia y breves intervenciones orales de las autoridades institucionales invitadas, además de la de él mismo (José Antonio Domínguez, director del Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón, en representación de la Fundación Ibercaja; Enrique Playan, director de la Agencia Estatal de Investigación; María Eugenia Díaz, consejera de Ciencia, Universidad y Sociedad del Conocimiento del Gobierno de Aragón; Luis Roldán, secretario general de la Delegación del Gobierno en Aragón; Clara Arpa, representante española de la Junta Directiva del Pacto Mundial de las Naciones Unidas; Rosa Méndez, presidenta de CSIC ). Parte de la intervención de la Dirección EEAD-CSIC se apoyó en una “sitio web" de nueva creación y conmemorativo del 75 Aniversario de la EEAD-CSIC ("75 años como referente de la investigación agraria y medioambiental española en condiciones de clima mediterráneo") que, ente otros contenidos, recoge una recopilación de sus hitos históricos más destacados y un vídeo.

Actividad programada durante la “Jornada sobre la Historia de la EEAD-CSIC” (7 junio 2019) y que presenta y divulga un nuevo punto museístico con documentación (placas fotográficas, publicación original) e instrumental científico relacionado con uno de los mayores hitos EEAD-CSIC, la larga estancia en el Instituto como director del Departamento de Citogenética del investigador Joe HinTjio, a quien le debemos la determinación exacta del nº de cromosomas de la especie humana.

Jornada divulgativa de naturaleza histórica sobre la EEAD-CSIC. Organizada por la Dirección del Instituto (Dr. Jesús Val; con la colaboración de José Carlos Martínez-Giménez -UTBD_EEAD-CSIC- e Isabel Armillas (Administración_EEAD). Se programaron una serie de actividades abiertas al público (Inauguración del punto expositivo permanente "Joe Hin Tjio y su descubrimiento del cromosoma humano"; Clausura de la Exposición temporal "La Estación de Biología Experimental de Cogullada (EBEC): el antecedente histórico (1944-1948) de la EEAD-CSIC"; Inauguración de la Exposición de pósteres temporal "La EEAD-CSIC entre 1948 y 1969: consolidación, auge y proyección de su actividad científica e institucional"; Conferencia "Genética, colchicina y agronomía: Orígenes de la Estación Experimental de Aula Dei") y posterior Mesa Redonda a celebrar en edificio principal EEAD-CSIC y Salón de Actos CIHEAM-IAMZ, en Campus de Aula Dei. La conferencia, finalmente, se impartió por la autora con otro título: "Cereales, cromosomas y colchicina: Aula Dei y la citogenética en la década de 1950".

El pasado domingo 5 de mayo 'De Puertas al Campo' emitió un programa especial sobre la Estación Experimental de Aula Dei, grabado íntegramente en nuestras instalaciones. En él participaron el director del Instituto, Jesús Val, los responsables de los cuatro departamentos: Ana Casas (en nombre de Ernesto Igartua), Miguel Alfonso, Arancha Arbeloa y Nery Zapata, quienes dieron a conocer todas las líneas de trabajo que se desarrollan en la EEAD. También intervinieron Mª Pilar Vallés, Ana Álvarez, Marian Moreno y Leticia Gaspar que comentaron sus proyectos de investigación., Cada sábado y domingo, Aragón Radio emite 'De Puertas al Campo', un programa dirigido y presentado por Carlos Espatolero que se centra en la agricultura, la ganadería, la alimentación, el medio ambiente y el medio rural en la comunidad autónoma. El objetivo de cada uno de los programas es entender mejor un sector del que viven, de forma directa o indirecta, más de 30.000 aragoneses.

Actividad institucional divulgativa celebrada durante la "Jornada sobre la Historia de la EEAD-CSIC" realizada el 7 de junio en el Salón de Actos del Instituto Agronómico de Zaragoza perteneciente al Centro de Altos Estudios Mediterráneos (CIHEAM-IAMZ). Forma parte, junto con otras actividades divulgativas de naturaleza histórica, del II Ciclo de Exposiciones y conferencias del 75 Aniversario EEAD-CSIC (junio 2019), dentro del programa general de actividades organizadas con motivo del 75 Aniversario de la EEAD-CSIC. La conferencia, finalmente, se impartió por la autora con otro título: "Cereales, cromosomas y colchicina: Aula Dei y la citogenética en la década de 1950".