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Las publicaciones científicas se han convertido en el vehículo preferido para dar a conocer los avances en el campo de la ciencia. En las últimas décadas ocurrieron cambios importantes relacionados con la difusión del conocimiento científico y, además, surgieron con fuerza los movimientos del acceso abierto y lo que se ha denominado ciencia abierta. Así mismo, estos cambios han generado una modificación conceptual respecto a lo que fueron las publicaciones científicas, lo que representan en la actualidad y hacia dónde pueden dirigirse en el futuro. También los avances tecnológicos han permitido que cada vez sea más fácil y menos costoso compartir el conocimiento, situación que, sin duda, está influyendo en el desarrollo de estas publicaciones. En este artículo de reflexión describiremos los fenómenos que se han presentado en torno a la difusión de la ciencia, y realizaremos un análisis de la información disponible para, posteriormente, radiografiar el presente de las publicaciones científicas y proyectar lo que sería el futuro inmediato de esta importante actividad editorial. Inicialmente, describiremos los orígenes de la publicación científica, sus logros y el establecimiento de una industria con un mercado, así como la existencia de un emporio del prestigio y los movimientos que abogan por un cambio en la visión comercial del sector para que se atienda más la ciencia como un bien común. Además, revisaremos el papel de las publicaciones científicas en América Latina y los retos y desafíos de una industria cuyo producto principal es el conocimiento.

Right heart floating thrombus or “embolus in transit” can be a very dangerous condition, usually associated to pulmonary thromboembolism. Even though many treatment options have been considered, nowadays, the recommended approach remains unclear. Surgical embolectomy has been used as an option, usually less preferred than thrombolysis or percutaneous approach, but it can be a safe and effective procedure in patients with high risk of embolization.

The volume of data moving through a network increases with new scientific experiments and simulations. Network bandwidth requirements also increase proportionally to deliver data within a certain time frame. We observe that a significant portion of the popular dataset is transferred multiple times to different users as well as to the same user for various reasons. In-network data caching for the shared data has shown to reduce the redundant data transfers and consequently save network traffic volume. In addition, overall application performance is expected to improve with in-network caching because access to the locally cached data results in lower latency. This paper shows how much data was shared over the study period, how much network traffic volume was consequently saved, and how much the temporary in-network caching increased the scientific application performance. It also analyzes data access patterns in applications and the impacts of caching nodes on the regional data repository. From the results, we observed that the network bandwidth demand was reduced by nearly a factor of 3 over the study period.

Introduction: The individual combat kit is the specific sanitary material with which each one of the soldiers is provided so that, in case of being injured, the first aid can be carried out even if it lacks health training. Objectives: The objective is to design the new individual combat kit for the Spanish army and the specific one to determine its content and technical requirements. Material and method: Interviews were carried out to health officials of the most operational military units of the Spanish Army. Physical study of each of the component elements of the current BIC and comparison of the medicine kits existing in the armies of the countries of our environment. A bibliographic review with a systematic methodology was carried out in the main scientific databases. In order to verify the validity of the selected texts, critical reading programs were applied. Results and conclusion: Proposal of addition and elimination of elements in the possible new combat kit as well as the container. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider provides a data challenge. The amount of data recorded from the experiments and transported to hundreds of sites will see a thirty fold increase in annual data volume. A systematic approach to contrast the performance of different Third Party Copy (TPC) transfer protocols arises. Two contenders, XRootD-HTTPS and the GridFTP are evaluated in their performance for transferring files from one server to another over 100Gbps interfaces. The benchmarking is done by scheduling pods on the Pacific Research Platform Kubernetes cluster to ensure reproducible and repeatable results. This opens a future pathway for network testing of any TPC transfer protocol.

In this paper we showcase the support in Open Science Grid (OSG) of Midscale collaborations, the region of computing and storage scale where multi-institutional researchers collaborate to execute their science workflows on the grid without having dedicated technical support teams of their own. Collaboration Services enables such collaborations to take advantage of the distributed resources of the Open Science Grid by facilitating access to submission hosts, the deployment of their applications and supporting their data management requirements. Distributed computing software adopted from large scale collaborations, such as CVMFS, Rucio, xCache lower the barrier of intermediate scale research to integrate with existing infrastructure.

The Open Science Grid (OSG) provides a common service for resource providers and scientific institutions, and supports sciences such as High Energy Physics, Structural Biology, and other community sciences. As scientific frontiers expand, so does the need for resources to analyze new data. For example, High Energy Physics experiments such as the LHC experiments foresee an exponential growth in the amount of data collected, which comes with corresponding growth in the need for computing resources. Allowing resource providers an easy way to share their resources is paramount to ensure the grow of resources available to scientists. In this context, the OSG Hosted CE initiative provides site administrator a way to reduce the effort needed to install and maintain a Compute Element (CE), and represents a solution for sites who do not have the effort and expertise to run their own Grid middleware. An HTCondor Compute Element is installed on a remote VM at UChicago for each site that joins the Hosted CE initiative. The hardware/software stack is maintained by OSG Operations staff in a homogeneus and automated way, providing a reduction in the overall operational effort needed to maintain the CEs: one single organization does it in an uniform way, instead of each single resource provider doing it in their own way. Currently, more than 20 institutions joined the Hosted CE initiative. This contribution discusses the technical details behind a Hosted CE installation, highlighting key strengths and common pitfalls, and outlining future plans to further reduce operational experience.

LHC data is constantly being moved between computing and storage sites to support analysis, processing, and simulation; this is done at a scale that is currently unique within the science community. For example, the CMS experiment on the LHC manages approximately 200PB of storage across 100 sites and, on a daily basis, moves 1PB between sites via GridFTP as primary protocol. This paper describes the performance results we have achieved by exploring alternatives to the GridFTP protocol for these data movements. In particular the HTTPS third party copy over Xrootd data servers as a possible replacement of GridFTP for LHC big data movements.

The University of California system maintains excellent networking between its campuses and a number of other Universities in California, including Caltech, most of them being connected at 100 Gbps. UCSD and Caltech Tier2 centers have joined their disk systems into a single logical caching system, with worker nodes from both sites accessing data from disks at either site. This successful setup has been in place for the last two years. However, coherently managing nodes at multiple physical locations is not trivial and requires an update on the operations model used. The Pacific Research Platform (PRP) provides Kubernetes resource pool spanning resources in the science demilitarized zones (DMZs) in several campuses in California and worldwide. We show how we migrated the XCache services from bare-metal deployments into containers using the PRP cluster. This paper presents the reasoning behind our hardware decisions and the experience in migrating to and operating in a mixed environment.

A general problem faced by opportunistic users computing on the grid is that delivering cycles is simpler than delivering data to those cycles. In this project XRootD caches are placed on the internet backbone to create a content delivery network. Scientific workflows in the domains of high energy physics, gravitational waves, and others profit from this delivery network to increases CPU efficiency while decreasing network bandwidth use.