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Hydraulic experiments in a two-dimensional physical laboratory were conducted to evaluate the performance of pile breakwaters in reducing wave energy. The piles on the breakwater were arranged in a staggered pattern in two rows. A total of seventy-two simulation scenarios were run based on variations in the incoming wave height and period, and the spacing between the piles, using a 1:10 model scale. The data from the hydraulic tests were then processed using a spectral method that could separate the energy spectra of reflected and transmitted waves. These changes result in reflected and transmitted waves. The laboratory test data were used to estimate the values of the transmission coefficient and reflection coefficient. Both coefficients were then used to validate semi-empirical formulas for the two coefficients. The semi-empirical formulas for the two coefficients were developed based on a model for estimating the spatial porosity of pile breakwaters. The porosity estimation model takes into account the dimensions of the piles and the dimensional components of the breakwater, including the arrangement, number of rows, and spacing between the piles. The validation results of the semi-empirical formulas with the laboratory test data showed a coefficient of determination of 0.917 and a root mean square of 0.077. The staggered arrangement improves the effectiveness of the breakwater in reducing the transmission wave height. The developed semi-empirical model can be used to design the pile dimensions to achieve optimal reflected and transmitted wave heights for coastal protection. Keywords: pile breakwater, coastal protection, hydraulic experiment, physical wave simulation, wave transmission new formula

The purpose of this study was to investigate the extent of price transmission along the agri-food supply chain in selected regions in Ghana. The extent of transmission was used to assess the efficiency and effectiveness of the agricultural marketing systems in the area. Efficient marketing systems are expected to reduce the issue of regional price fluctuations, encourage fair income distribution throughout the supply chain, and improve food security. The preliminary time series stationarity/unit root and seasonality tests were performed using the Augmented Dickey-Fuller test (ADF)/Kwiatkowski, Phillips, Schmidt, and Shin (KPSS) and Canova-Hansen seasonal stability tests respectively. Following the detection of statistically significant threshold effects by the Supremum Likelihood Ratio (Sup-LR) tests, the extent of price transmission was investigated using two-region threshold vector error correction models. The initial tests found that the monthly wholesale, retail, and producer price series for maize, cowpea, and yam used in the study were first difference stationary rather than seasonally integrated. The findings revealed that price signals in the agri-food markets were not fully transmitted across the supply chain. Thus, the extent of price transmission was generally low, creating unexploited arbitrage opportunities along the chain. The study identified high transfer costs (proxied by the threshold parameter) and actor-specific market power (as revealed by the Granger causality test) as the primary obstacles to effective market functioning in the area. Minimizing transfer costs through infrastructural development such as improvements in road networks linking farming communities and markets, access to price information, and regular stakeholder engagements could help improve the functioning of the agri-food markets.

Despite the fact that domestic rice production contributes significantly to the livelihood of millions of people in Ghana, it has been observed that consumers show a strong preference for expensive and imported rice over locally produced rice. The purpose of this study was to investigate the perception, purchasing behaviour and determinants of local rice consumption across three income households in the Kumasi Metropolis, Ghana. A total of 414 rice consumers were selected through a multi-stage sampling technique. Descriptive and inferential techniques, including perception analysis and ordered probit model, were used to analyse the data. The overall perception index of 3.61 denotes that consumers generally have a positive perception of local rice regarding health benefits (index = 4.44), affordability (index = 3.86), and cooking attributes (index = 3.48), despite its poor appearance (index = 2.80). The ordered probit model depicted heterogeneity of covariates as determinants of local rice consumption-based income strata of the household. For instance, various factors, including gender, age, occupation, and attributes of local rice such as affordability, nutrition, cooking attributes, and appearance, have a notable impact on the consumption of local rice among low-income households. In contrast, education, household decision-making, the place of purchasing local rice, and three perception attributes, namely affordability, nutrition, and cooking attributes, were found to be significant determinants of local rice consumption among middle-income households. According to the data, local rice consumption among high-income families was significantly predicted by gender, occupation, household size, and two perception attributes—affordability and nutrition. The study has practical implications for improving the competitiveness of local rice to increase its acceptance and consumption among consumers in the country.

On November 21, 2022, Cianjur, West Java, experienced an earthquake with a magnitude of Mw 5.6, followed by 140 aftershocks until November 22, 2022. The earthquake resulted in loss of life, injuries, and infrastructure damage. The damaged school conditions due to the earthquake affected the learning environment for children, subsequently influencing their motivation and academic performance. Additionally, the psychological impact on survivors, particularly children, included anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This article discusses the importance of psychological recovery for children after a disaster, particularly earthquakes, using fun outbound activities as a method of traumatic healing. Fun outbound comprises outdoor activities involving games, physical challenges, and group cooperation. The study indicates that fun outbound can assist children in overcoming fear and trauma, boost self-confidence, and develop social skills. The research was conducted at SDN Sukamaju 1 Cugenang, one of the schools significantly affected by the earthquake. Through tangram puzzle games and synchronized cooperation, students experienced joy and enthusiasm, with over 50% of them reporting relief from fear and trauma. Evaluation results demonstrate the effectiveness of fun outbound in supporting the psychological recovery of children after a disaster. In conclusion, the fun outbound method can be an effective tool in helping earthquake-affected children overcome trauma, enhance self-confidence, and build social skills, creating a positive and enjoyable environment for children in challenging post-earthquake situations.

ABSTRACT The Purdue Improved Crop Storage (PICS) bag, a sustainable post‐harvest storage technology, can address the high postharvest losses that are a major threat to economic development, food security and the environment in Africa. However, there is limited empirical research on this technology. This study therefore aims to fill this knowledge gap by analysing the factors influencing the diffusion and adoption rates of PICS bags and estimates the impact of the technology adoption on postharvest losses, farm income and income inequality in the Ashanti region of Ghana. The results show that less than 20% of farmers adopt the PICS bag, suggesting low adoption despite the widespread exposure of 51.75%. The technology adoption rate could be increased by 20% if all the farmers were exposed to it. It reduces postharvest losses by 14.2%–19.1%, increases farm income by 89.7%–91.2% and reduces income inequality by 51.33%. These findings suggest that promoting the technology can stimulate sustainable rural development by improving farmers' welfare.

Access to credit plays an important role in the adoption of modern agricultural practices, such as better seeds, pesticides, and fertilizers, as well as in the sustainable utilization of land by smallholder farmers. This study explores the dynamics of smallholders’ access to and utilization of informal credit to manage local farming systems. The data were collected from rural households in the Dir Kohistan mountainous region of Pakistan in 2021. A bivariate probit model was employed to analyze the data from 300 randomly selected farming households. Our findings indicate that a significant proportion of respondents (70%) reported having access to informal credit, with 65% actively utilizing credit to bolster the economic viability of their farms. This study reveals various strategies that farmers employ in response to credit constraints. The majority of farmers (69%) prioritize meeting their own farm/household needs. Social networks, particularly friends, emerge as key sources of informal credit (58.1%). The results of the bivariate probit regression analysis identify positive relationships with fellow farmers and neighbors/relatives, along with a lower perceived risk, as the most significant factors influencing access to and utilization of informal credit. Therefore, our study recommends the promotion of relationships and linkages among farmers through facilitated networking events, introducing risk mitigation measures and promoting financial literacy programs to empower smallholder capacities on the credit market. Policymakers are urged to recognize the role of social relationships and consider policies that promote community credit practices for the overall financial well-being of farmers, especially in more isolated mountain areas.

With the rapid growth of online property rental and sale platforms, the prevalence of fake real estate listings has become a significant concern. These deceptive listings waste time and effort for buyers and sellers and pose potential risks. Therefore, developing effective methods to distinguish genuine from fake listings is crucial. Accurately identifying fake real estate listings is a critical challenge, and clustering analysis can significantly improve this process. While clustering has been widely used to detect fraud in various fields, its application in the real estate domain has been somewhat limited, primarily focused on auctions and property appraisals. This study aims to fill this gap by using clustering to classify properties into fake and genuine listings based on datasets curated by industry experts. This study developed a K-means model to group properties into clusters, clearly distinguishing between fake and genuine listings. To assure the quality of the training data, data pre-processing procedures were performed on the raw dataset. Several techniques were used to determine the optimal value for each parameter of the K-means model. The clusters are determined using the Silhouette coefficient, the Calinski-Harabasz index, and the Davies-Bouldin index. It was found that the value of cluster 2 is the best and the Camberra technique is the best method when compared to overlapping similarity and Jaccard for distance. The clustering results are assessed using two machine learning algorithms: Random Forest and Decision Tree. The observational results have shown that the optimized K-means significantly improves the accuracy of the Random Forest classification model, boosting it by an impressive 96%. Furthermore, this research demonstrates that clustering helps create a balanced dataset containing fake and genuine clusters. This balanced dataset holds promise for future investigations, particularly for deep learning models that require balanced data to perform optimally. This study presents a practical and effective way to identify fake real estate listings by harnessing the power of clustering analysis, ultimately contributing to a more trustworthy and secure real estate market.

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the leading cause of death globally and is a heart condition involving insufficient blood supply to the heart muscle due to atherosclerotic plaque formation. Atherosclerosis is a chronic disease in which plaques, made up of fat, cholesterol, calcium, and other substances, build up on the inner walls of arteries. Recently, there has been growing interest in finding reliable biomarkers to understand the pathogenesis and progression of atherosclerosis. Tissue Inhibitors of Metalloproteinases (TIMPs) have emerged as potential candidates for monitoring atherosclerotic development. TIMPs are a family of endogenous proteins that regulate matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), enzymes involved in remodeling the extracellular matrix. A systematic search using Prisma guidelines was conducted and eleven studies were selected from four different databases: Web of Science (WOS), Scopus, Ovid, and PubMed. The Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS) score was used to assess the risk of bias for each study. A meta-analysis was performed, and the hazard ratio (HR) and its 95% confidence interval (CI) were determined. Among the eleven studies, six reported a positive association between higher levels of TIMPs and an increased risk of atherosclerosis. Conversely, four studies support low TIMPs with high CAD risk and one study showed no significant association between TIMP-2 G-418C polymorphism and CAD. This divergence in findings underscores the complexity of the relationship between TIMPs, atherosclerosis, and CAD. In addition, a meta-analysis from two studies yielded a HR (95% CI) of 1.42 (1.16–1.74; p < 0.001; I2 = 0%) for TIMP-2 in predicting major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs). In conclusion, the existing evidence supports the notion that TIMPs can serve as biomarkers for predicting the severity of atherosclerosis, myocardial damage, and future MACEs among CAD patients. However, further exploration is warranted through larger-scale human studies, coupled with in vitro and in vivo investigations.

The rapid development of technology today cannot be separated from the role of various kinds of machines to produce or increase the use value of an item. The more the engine operates, the more lubricant is used. Lubricants are included in the category of B3 waste (Toxic Hazardous Materials) so that they have a negative impact on the environment. Nearly 50% of all mineral lubricants enter the environment and cause irreparable environmental damage due to direct contact with water and soil. One of the efforts that can be done to reduce the B3 content in used lubricants is adsorption using a porous adsorbent. This study aims to see the relationship between the physical and chemical properties of the adsorbent with the physical and chemical properties of the adsorbate. This research was conducted by studying the literature of scientific articles with related topics. The results showed that some contaminants such as organic compounds, inorganic species, soot, hydrocarbons, and ash can be adsorbed with various adsorbents, namely modified sawdust, bentonite, fly ash, activated carbon, activated alumina, and zeolite Y derived from kaolin.

Purpose — This research aims to determine the positive impact of the productive zakat program on Mustahik's welfare through increasing income and spiritual well-being and reducing poverty levels. Method — We employed a purposive sampling method in our sampling technique. The criteria for respondents selected as samples in this study were mustahiq, who received zakat from BAZNAS and were Muslim. The data for this research were obtained by distributing questionnaires directly through visits to Mustahiq's homes. The collected data were then processed using the Wilcoxon test and CIBEST model analysis. The Wilcoxon test determined the average difference in income before and after receiving zakat. Meanwhile, the CIBEST model was used to evaluate Mustahik's welfare. Result — The findings of this research show that mustahik recipients of productive zakat assistance can improve their financial conditions and materially enhance their circumstances. Overall, the research results confirm that the BAZNAS effective zakat program has had a positive impact on Mustahik's welfare, by increasing income, spiritual well-being, and reducing poverty levels. Practical implications — The distribution of productive zakat must continue to be improved, both in terms of the quality of its management and the utilization of abundant zakat funds, to achieve a more optimal positive impact on Mustahik's welfare.

Dua hal yang signifikan dalam amandemen Undang Undang Dasar 1945 adalah deliberasi kekuasaan dan pembentukan Mahkamah Konstitusi. Deliberasi kekuasaan membuat kedudukan pemerintah pusat dan daerah dalam posisi yang hampir setara. Deliberasi juga membuat aspirasi lokalitas kembali bersuara setelah pada masa sebelumnya sentralisasi pemerintah pusat dalam menjalankan pemerintahan sangat dominan. Aspirasi lokal yang kelak dikenal sebagai kearifan lokal menjadi semangat baru dalam pembangunan Ilmu Hukum. Mahkamah Konstitusi sebagai kekuasaan kehakiman yang baru, memiliki fungsi perlindungan Hak Asasi Manusia dan penafsir konstitusi. Sebagai penafsir konstitusi, Mahkamah Konstitusi memiliki peran yang strategis dalam menjaga semangat lokalitas dalam bingkai perlindungan hak asasi manusia. Disisi yang lain, variabel Kearifan Lokal adalah frasa epistemik yang harus mendapatkan penjelasan akademik yang bisa dikembangkan. Hal ini yang membuat penelitian ini urgen untuk dilakukan. Penelitian ini menguraikan peran Mahkamah Konstitusi melalui kewenangannya dalam menafsirkan kearifan lokal dalam perspektif konstitusi.

Despite the fact that adhering to cocoa quality management practices (QMPs) is crucial to satisfy consumer food safety standards and receive premium cocoa pricing, evidence of cocoa farmers' compliance with these recommended QMPs is scanty in Ghana. The purpose of this study was to assess the extent and antecedents of farmers’ compliance with six QMPs including pest and disease, harvesting and pod storage, pod breaking and bean removal, fermentation, drying, and bagging and storage practices in Ghana. Data from 200 farmers was solicited and analyzed using a compliance index as well as a seemingly unrelated regression (SURE) model to account for cross-correlation effects among six recommended QMPs. The results show an overall index of 2.46, implying that the cocoa farmers moderately comply with the six QMPs. Specifically, compliance levels for fermentation (index = 2.90) and drying (index = 2.92) practices are high, while farmers showed low compliance with bagging and storage practices (index = 1.33). The SURE model exhibits heterogeneous covariates that influence farmers’ compliance across the six QMPs. However, extension access, sex of the farmer, and to some extent awareness of quality management practices, as well as education, are significant determinants of compliance across all six quality management practices. These findings have implications for strengthening the Extension Services Division of COCOBOD and gender mainstreaming of cocoa quality improvement training to address the challenges of women cocoa farmers.

Background: Oral cancer is a significant public health concern which is more prevalent in South Central Asia, especially in developing countries such as India. Recent studies have presented the significance of systemic inflammatory response and its influence on the outcome of various tumors. Platelet Lymphocyte ratio (PLR) is a hematological marker of inflammation found to be associated with the presence or prognosis of several types of cancer. There are only few studies evaluating the diagnostic role of PLR in Oral squamous cell Carcinoma (OSCC). Aim of the study was to evaluate the role of Platelet-to-Lymphocyte ratio in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Materials and Methods: The study included 84 subjects (42 in control group and 42 in study group). Case history was recorded for all the subjects along with thorough clinical examination. Individuals in both the groups were asked to undergo a complete blood count for the estimation of platelet and lymphocyte counts using which the PLR was calculated. All individuals with OSCC were clinically staged using TNM classification. Incisional biopsies were taken from the malignant lesions and histopathological confirmation was done. Results: The mean PLR in Control Group was 126.90±47.39 and in OSCC Group was 248.09±188.15. High PLR was observed in advanced stages of OSCC (p = 0.001) and also with moderate and poor degree of differentiation (p = 0.03). Conclusion: PLR can be easily calculated from a CBC, which is a cost effective, readily available investigation modality. From our observations, we conclude that PLR ratio has the potential to be considered as a reliable diagnostic marker apart from its prognostic potential.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh letak cage dalam kandang tertutup terhadap kualitas telur ayam petelur Hy-Line Brown. Materi yang digunakan adalah 96 ekor ayam petelur Hy-Line Brown umur 57 minggu. Pakan yang digunakan adalah pakan lengkap untuk ayam petelur fase layer produksi PT. Charoen Pokphand Indonesia dengan kode 324 KJ. Metode penelitian adalah percobaan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap. Perlakuan penelitian adalah tiga letak cage yang berbeda, yaitu dekat inlet (P1), tengah (P2), dan dekat outlet (P3). Variabel penelitian meliputi luas permukaan area telur, kedalaman kantong udara, dan berat jenis. Data dianalisis menggunakan analisis sidik ragam dan jika terdapat perbedaan antar perlakuan dilakukan uji Duncan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat perbedaan yang nyata (P>0,05) pada luas permukaan area telur, kedalaman kantong udara, dan berat jenis telur pada letak cage yang berbeda dalam kandang tertutup. Kesimpulan pada penelitian ini adalah bahwa letak cage dalam kandang tertutup tidak memberikan pengaruh negatif terhadap kualitas telur ayam Hy-Line Brown. Disarankan dilakukan penelitian uji pH darah untuk mengukur tingkat cekaman ayam petelur pada letak cage yang berbeda.

Linear wave theory is a simple theory that researchers and engineers often use to study a wave in deep, intermediate, and shallow water regions. Many researchers mostly used it over the horizontal flat seabed, but in actual conditions, sloping seabed always exists, although mild. In this research, we try to model a wave over a mild sloping seabed by linear wave theory and analyze the influence of the seabed’s slope on the solution of the model. The model is constructed from Laplace and Bernoulli equations together with kinematic and dynamic boundary conditions. We used the result of the analytical solution to find the relation between propagation speed, wavelength, and bed slope through the dispersion relation. Because of the difference in fluid dispersive character for each water region, we also determined dispersion relation approximation by modifying the hyperbolic tangent form into hyperbolic sine-cosine and exponential form, then approximated it with Padé approximant. As the final result, exponential form modification with Padé approximant had the best agreement to exact dispersion relation equation then direct hyperbolic tangent form.

The first objective of this study was to compare the usability, ergonomics, and extensibility of computer network learning props in vocational education. The second objective of this research is to obtain recommendations for developing a computer network trainer according to the weaknesses found in the comparison of usability, ergonomics, and extensibility. This research is quantitative research with a counterbalanced design. The study was carried out in two counterbalanced replications. The research subjects were 11 Informatics and Computer Engineering Education students at Universitas Sebelas Maret. The objects of this research are the Desknet Trainer and the Netcube Trainer. The data collection technique used is a questionnaire. The data analysis technique used is descriptive statistics and the T-test. The results showed that the comparison of Desknet Trainer and Netcube Trainer showed that the quality of both was statistically equivalent. The comparison breakdown of usability, ergonomics, and extensibility shows that the Desknet Trainer has weaknesses in the usability and ergonomics domains. In contrast, the Netcube Trainer has weaknesses in the extensibility domains. The Desknet Trainer can be further developed to improve usability and ergonomics. Netcube Trainer can be further developed to increase extensibility.

In this study, a compressor air pressure of 2 bar was used to produce 20,91 ± 3,42 µm encapsulated maltodextrin. Next, energy consumption was measured to obtain specific energy consumption (SEC) by varying the flow, specific humidity, and drying air temperature, with and without a refrigeration system. The use of a refrigeration system enhances the dehumidification of drying air; however, when such a system is not used, energy consumption increases. The highest productivity exhibited by the spray dryer to produce microencapsulated maltodextrin and gelatin was 9,84 × 10−5 lps of liquid material. This productivity was realized for a drying airflow, drying air temperature, and specific humidity of 450 lpm, 120 °C, and 4,98 g/kg d.a., respectively. The lowest SEC was 9999,12 kJ/l for drying air flow, drying air temperature, and specific humidity of 150 lpm, 120 °C, and 4,95 g/kg d.a., respectively. The ratio of SEC (RSEC) is more important than SEC, where the minimum value of RSEC was 0,6 for a drying air flow, drying air temperature, and specific humidity of 300 lpm, 90 °C, and 4,58 g/kg d.a., respectively. However, the productivity under these conditions was 0,25 lph of liquid material, which is less than the maximum productivity (0,35 lph) discussed above.

The manufacturing industry is the main supporting sector for the economy, considering its enormous contribution to Indonesia’s national GDP compared to other sectors. However, the economic problems lately have resulted in a decline in Indonesia’s economic conditions, which is marked by a reduction in national GDP and a decrease in the output of the Indonesian manufacturing industry sector. Thus, this study aims to analyze the effect of the complex variables in the current economy, namely inflation, exchange rates, labor, and the money supply, on the manufacturing industry sector in Indonesia in the long and short term. This study uses the ECM (error correction model) method in empirical testing. The data used is secondary time series data (quarterly) starting from 2011:Q1 – 2020:Q4; the data obtained comes from the Central Statistics Agency, Bank Indonesia, and the Ministry of Trade of the Republic of Indonesia. This study uses the Eviews10 application as an analytical tool. The analysis results conducted in this study show that the exchange rate and labor have a positive and significant influence on the manufacturing industry sector in the long and short term. The money supply has a positive and significant effect on the manufacturing industry sector in the long term only. Meanwhile, inflation has a negative but not significant effect both in the long term and short term. Of these critical variables, labor has the most crucial influence on the manufacturing industry sector. Therefore, the government needs to pay attention to policies related to labor as the main factor in increasing the output of the manufacturing industry.

Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) is a plantation crop that is used as raw material for the consumer sugar and industrial sugar. The need for sugar is increasing every year but is not matched by an increase in sugarcane production due to several factors including cultivation management that is not optimal. Sugarcane production begins with good nursery management, including using genetic of seeds and the right planting media. One alternative to improve the quality of growing media is to use humic acid (HA) as a soil enhancer. This study aims to determinate the effect of giving HA on the morphological characteristics of sugarcane seedlings of Bululawang variety (BL). This research was carried out in an integrated laboratory greenhouse at the Polytechnic LPP Yogyakarta from Maret to July 2021. This study used a non-factorial completely randomized design (CRD) with five treatments and three replications consisting of P0 (control), P1 (25 ml.polybag-1), P2 (50 ml.polybag-1), P3 (75 ml.polybag-1), and P4 (100 ml.polybag-1). The morphological characteristics observed is plants height (cm), number of leaves (strands), stem diameter (mm) and longest root length (cm). the results of the study were analyzed using ANOVA at the 5% level and continued using the Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at the 5% level. The result showed the effect on morphological characters on all observation variables where the P3 treatment had the best growth and morphological characters, so that in general the additional of HA affected the morphological characteristics of sugarcane seedlings of BL varieties.

This study aims to find out if there is an increase in student learning outcomes, to find out an increase in student activity, to find out an increase in teacher activity in managing learning using the picture and picture method in class II fraction material at SD Muhammadiyah 9 Surabaya during the covid-19 pandemic. This type of research is Classroom Action Research (CAR) which is carried out in cycle stages including planning, implementation, observation and reflection stages. The subject of this Classroom Action Research is the second grade students of SD Muhammadiyah 9 Surabaya, totaling 34 students. The object of this research is the result of learning in the matter of recognizing fractions. The instruments used in this study were observation sheets and test questions. The research data were analyzed descriptively qualitatively and quantitatively. The indicator of the success of this research is if at least 75% of students have reached the KKM, which is 75 and the average grade has reached the KKM. The results showed an increase. Based on student learning outcomes classically increased by 23%

Introduction: Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease which affects the supporting tissues of the teeth and was initially thought to be environmental in origin. The difference in the disease prevalence among the population could not be attributed to environment alone. Limited studies have been done on diagnosing the future occurrence of periodontal diseases by recording the finger print patterns of the patients. Aim: To evaluate the relationship between finger prints patterns existing among patients with plaque induced gingivitis, chronic localised and generalised periodontitis. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional observational study, carried out over a period of 6 months from January 2022 to July 2022) at Rajas Dental College and Hospital, Kavalkinaru. Subjects were equally divided into three groups including 100 patients under each group- Group-I as plaque induced gingivitis, group II as localised chronic periodontitis and group III as generalised chronic periodontitis based on 1999 classification system. The finger print patterns observed were loops, whorls and arches. The fingerprint patterns were compared within the group and also between the three groups. Boneferroni test and analysis of variance test were used for statistical analysis. Results: Total of 300 patients were included in this study, out of which 175 were males and 125 were females with the mean age 34.16±1.33 years. On comparison of the fingertip patterns within the groups, a significantly equal distribution of whorl and loop patterns with a value of 4.950±3.11 and 4.750±3.10 respectively were found among the Group-I subjects. A significantly increased prevalence of whorls with a value of 5.300±3.37 was found in Group-II subjects and significantly increased prevalence of loop pattern with a value of 5.800±2.72 was found among Group-III subjects. The arch pattern was more in Group-II and Group-III when compared to Group-I with a value of 1.450±2.21 and 1.200±1.33, respectively. Conclusion: It was concluded that a strong association between fingerprint patterns and chronic periodontitis existed. The present study proved that dermatoglyphics can be used as a powerful tool for early prediction and better prevention of periodontitis.

Background This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to compare the effects of high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) with different recovery modes versus moderate-intensity continuous exercise (MICE) on cardiac troponin (cTn) elevation. Methodology A literature search was conducted in four databases: Scopus, PubMed, EBSCO and Web of Science from January 2010 to June 2022. The articles were screened, evaluated for quality before data were extracted. The review protocol was registered at PROSPERO (CRD42021245649). Standardized mean differences (SMD) of peak cTn were analyzed with a 95% confidence interval (95% CI) using Revman 5.4 software. Results Six studies satisfied the inclusion criteria with a total of 92 and 79 participants for HIIE and MICE, respectively. Overall, there was no significant difference between HIIE and MICE in the elevation of cardiac troponin T (SMD: 0.41 [95% CI [−0.21, 1.03]], p = 0.20, I2 = 77%, p for heterogeneity

Poultry production has significant potential to reduce protein deficiency, food insecurity and poverty in Ghana. However, limited vertical integration and high cost of production in the sector have stifled growth and exposed poultry farms in the country to many risks, leading to poor business performance. This study uses cross-sectional data from 102 commercial poultry farms to assess the determinants of vertical integration in the Ghanaian poultry industry by employing zero-inflated Poisson (ZIP) and Zero-inflated Negative Binomial (ZINB) models. The results show that one in every four poultry farms in the country are vertically integrated, either partially or fully. The ZINB model, which best fits the data, reveals that the degree of vertical integration in the poultry business is significantly influenced by a set of personal (education, occupation, and farming experience) and farm level (land tenure, flock size, production cost, and farm revenue) characteristics as well as institutional factors (credit access, extension access and membership of association). The paper discusses the implications of these findings and provides appropriate recommendations for strengthening the poultry industry in Ghana.

Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan peningkatan hasil belajar materi gaya dan penguatan karakter mandiri pada siswa kelas IV melalui penerapan model pembelajaran Children Learning in Science (CLIS). Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK) sebanyak 2 siklus. Penelitian dilakukan di kelas IV SDN Sukorejo 01 Kabupaten Blitar tahun ajaran 2019/2020 dengan jumlah siswa 30 anak, terdiri atas 15 siswa laki-laki dan 15 siswa perempuan. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan yaitu observasi, dokumentasi, tes, catatan lapangan, dan wawancara. Instrumen yang digunakan untuk mengetahui hasil belajar aspek pengetahuan dengan pemberian tes di akhir pembelajaran pada setiap pertemuan di setiap siklus. Untuk hasil belajar aspek sikap mandiri dengan melakukan pengamatan pada saat pembelajaran berlangsung. Hasil yang diperoleh setelah dilakukan tindakan dan analisis data menunjukkan adanya peningkatan hasil belajar materi gaya dan penguatan karakter mandiri siswa kelas IV. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari ketuntasan belajar siswa pada siklus I sebesar 73% dan siklus II sebesar 95%, sedangkan karakter mandiri siswa meningkat dari siklus I sebesar 58,5% dan pada siklus II sebesar 96,5%. Dengan demikian dari penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa penerapan model pembelajaran Children Learning in Science (CLIS) yang dilaksanakan guru dan siswa dengan sangat baik, dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar materi gaya dan penguatan karakter mandiri siswa kelas IV SDN Sukorejo 01 Kabupaten Blitar dengan sangat baik pula.

ABSTRAK Dalam penelitian ini, komposit serat bambu dibuat menjadi panel struktur honeycomb sandwich dan diuji untuk mengukur kemungkinan pemanfaatannya sebagai bahan untuk membuat sudu turbin angin sumbu vertical. Honeycomb sanwich serat bambu yang dibuat memiliki inti (core) yang berbentuk gelombang sinus pada arah memanjang panel. Sebagai pengikat pada komposit ini digunakan resin polyester. Panel honeycomb sandwich yang dibuat memiliki panjang 500mm dan lebar 200mm, sedangkan tebal panel dibuat dengan dua variasi, yaitu dengan tinggi inti honeycomb 12mm dan 17mm. Panel honeycomb sandwich ini diuji dengan uji bending untuk mendapatkan angka kekuatan lentur (flexural strength) dan angka kekakuan (stiffness). Dari tiga panel yang dibuat identik untuk masih-masing ketinggian inti honeycomb, diperoleh angka kekuatan lentur dan kekakuan terbesar pada panel dengan ketinggian inti honeycomb17mm, yaitu dengan angka kekuatan lentur 0,91kg/mm2 dan angka kekakuan 11,35kg/mm Kata kunci: honeycomb sandwich, komposit serat bambu,gelombang sinus,kekuatan lentur, kekakuan. ABSTRACT In this research, bamboo fiber composite are made into honeycomb sandwich structure panel and to be tested for its ability as a material for vertical axis wind turbine blades. Bamboo fiber honeycomb sandwich had a sinusoidal-shaped core in the longitudinal direction of the panel. Polyester resin was used as a binder on this composite. The honeycomb panels that have been made have a length of 500mm and a width of 200mm. The thickness of the panels was made of two variations, which was has 12mm and 17mm honeycomb core-height. The honeycomb sandwich panel was tested by bending test to obtain flexural strength and stiffness. From the three panels that have been made in identical dimension for each honeycomb core-height, the highest flexural strength and stiffness was obtained in the specimen with the honeycomb core-height of 17mm, with a flexural strength of 0,91kg/mm2 and astiffness of 11,35kg/mm. Keywords: honeycomb sandwich, bamboo fiber composite, sinusoidal wave, flexurall strength, stiffness.

Mastering creative thinking skills (CTS) is crucial for enhancing students' science conceptual understanding. However, conventional teaching prioritizes linear thinking over the three sub-CTS essential to science learning: associative, visual, and divergent thinking. Weaknesses in these three sub-CTS cause students to have misconceptions, difficulty in creating mental images, and an inability to generate ideas on abstract scientific concepts. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of the Digital Storytelling Science Creative (DSSC) module in enhancing these three sub-CTS, based on the topic of acids and bases. The ASSURE instructional design model guided the DSSC module design and development process. This quasi-experimental design study involved 63 eighth-grade students. Analysis of two-way MANCOVA using the data collected through the administered Creative Thinking Skills Test revealed that the DSSC module group performed significantly better than the control group in divergent thinking. However, the DSSC module did not significantly affect students' associative and visual thinking or gender.

In recent years, the performance of people-counting models has been dramatically increased that they can be implemented in practical cases. However, the current models can only count all of the people captured in the inputted closed circuit television (CCTV) footage. Oftentimes, we only want to count people in a specific Region-of-Interest (RoI) in the footage. Unfortunately, simple approaches such as covering the area outside of the RoI are not applicable without degrading the performance of the models. Therefore, we developed a novel learning strategy that enables a deep-learning-based people counting model to count people only in a certain RoI. In the proposed method, the people counting model has two heads that are attached on top of a crowd counting backbone network. These two heads respectively learn to count people inside the RoI and negate the people count outside the RoI. We named this proposed method Gap Regularizer and tested it on ResNet-50, ResNet-101, CSRNet, and SFCN. The experiment results showed that Gap Regularizer can reduce the mean absolute error (MAE), root mean square error (RMSE), and grid average mean error (GAME) of ResNet-50, which is the smallest CNN model, with the highest reduction of 45.2%, 41.25%, and 46.43%, respectively. On shallow models such as the CSRNet, the regularizer can also drastically increase the SSIM by up to 248.65% in addition to reducing the MAE, RMSE, and GAME. The Gap Regularizer can also improve the performance of SFCN which is a deep CNN model with back-end features by up to 17.22% and 10.54% compared to its standard version. Moreover, the impacts of the Gap Regularizer on these two models are also generally statistically significant (P-value < 0.05) on the MOT17-09, MOT20-02, and RHC datasets. However, it has a limitation in which it is unable to make significant impacts on deep models without back-end features such as the ResNet-101.

The purpose of this current study was to evaluate the influence of nutritional flushing on body morphometrics of female breeding goats. This study used 32 local female goats or does with an average age of 3.28±1.08 years and an average body weight of 42.47±8.28 kg. The goats were distributed in a completely randomized design using a 2 x 2 factorial pattern with 8 replications. The first factor was the flushing feed (FF) type, consisting of rice bran and concentrate, whereas the second factor was the level of tannin-protected arginine (TPA: 0 and 300 mg/kg). The body morphometrics observed in this study were initial body length (IBL), final body length (FBL), body length change (BLC), initial chest girth (ICG), final chest girth (FCG), chest girth change (CGC), initial wither height (IWH), final wither height (FWH), and wither height change (WHC). The IBL, FBL, BLC, ICG, FCG, IWH, FWH, and WHC of the local does were not significantly different (P0.05) after receiving the FF type. However, FF significantly affected the CGC of the goats (P0.001). The use of concentrate for the local female local goats resulted in a higher CGC (P0.001) compared to the use of rice bran. On the other hand, TPA did not significantly affect all body morphometrics of the goats (P0.05). Thus, it can be concluded that the use of concentrate leads to higher chest girth change, giving better body growth compared to the use of rice bran. The addition of tannin-protected arginine was also found to have no significant contribution to the body morphometrics of the local female goats. _____________

Abstract The traditional system of producing small ruminants (sheep and goats) contributes significantly to the socioeconomic wellbeing of farm households in northern Ghana. Besides serving as an important source of income, sheep and goats also offer important non-pecuniary benefits such as the provision of manure, savings, insurance, farm portfolio diversification, and strong social relations. However, technical evaluation of traditional small ruminant systems places much emphasis on financial gains to farmers and abstracts on the non-conventional utilities derived from the livestock system. The main purpose of this study, therefore, is to estimate the overall economic benefits associated with traditional small ruminant systems by accounting for both market and non-market values in two agro-ecological zones (Guinea and Sudan savannah) of northern Ghana. Using a multistage sampling technique, we collected cross-sectional data from 249 small ruminant farmers for empirical analysis. The results show that at least 60% of the net benefits from sheep and goat production in northern Ghana are in non-marketable (non-cash) forms. The study demonstrates that the traditional free-range system of managing sheep and goats is economically viable when the non-market value derived from the system is incorporated in the economic analysis. The findings have practical implications in improving the traditional small ruminant system for higher meat productivity and income generation in northern Ghana and elsewhere in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA).

Soya bean is an important economic crop for smallholder farming systems in Upper West Region of Ghana. In spite of the introduction of modern and improved soya bean production technologies in Ghana, the productivity of the crop in the region is still low. Given that inefficient use of resources is a potential course of low yields, this study analyses the resource use efficiency of soya bean production. Using cross-sectional data collected from 271 soya bean farmers from the Upper West Region of Ghana, the study employed the Stochastic Frontier Translog Production Function as well as the ratio of Marginal Value Product to Marginal Factor Cost to understand the resource use efficiency of soya bean farmers in the region. The empirical results showed that the estimated coefficients of soya bean seeds, labor and farm size were significant and positively related to soya bean output even though fertilizer input was surprisingly significantly and negatively related to the output of soya bean. Also, resources employed in soya bean production were found not to be efficiently utilized as they were underutilized, indicating that yield and profit could be improved with optimal use of production inputs. Finally, the paper revealed that access to soya bean threshers is the most important constraint faced by farmers in the region. For the region’s soya bean yield to be improved, government and development organizations should assist soya bean farmers by removing major bottlenecks to acquisition of resources required for the production and postharvest handling of the crop.

The impact pressure induced by slamming can imply physical damage on a ship. The high probability of the slamming impact is on the bow part in the actual sea state. In this present study, the slamming induced pressure on the bow flare of a ship have been investigated through the experiment. The experiment was schemed by the dropping test based on free-falling body in the wave tank, wherein the bow of the ship model was inclined in several impact angles 0° to 30° to the free-water surface. To measure slamming impact pressure acting on the bow flare, the piezoelectric sensors S1, S2, S3, S4 were attached to the bow section and installed on a computer. As the obtained results, the impact pressure on bow flare occurred in a short time duration caused by slamming. The discrepancy of the peak impact pressure between ship model weight of 2.42 kg and 7.29 kg for the impact angle 0° is 70.36% S1, 69.52% S2, 68.97% S3, and 68.34% S4. For the relative impact angle of 30°, the discrepancy is 67.02% S1, 65.73% S2, 58.51% S3, and 48.21% S4. The tendency of the peak pressure coefficient at the sequenced impact points S1, S2, S3, S4 is similar for all impact angles 0°, 10°, 20°, and 30°. The peak pressure coefficient due to the full load condition is highest in the nearest bottom part, and the peak pressure coefficients due to the lightship condition highest in the nearest bottom part caused by the small impact angle.

The basis of the problem: Parry Romberg syndrome (PRS) is a rare developmental disorder manifesting as a slow and progressive atrophy of the face which is often unilateral, hence also termed as rpogressivehemifacial atrophy. The extent of the atrophy may vary, involving the superficial skin extending upto the underlying bone. The clinical features of PRS include craniofacial, neurologic, ophthalmic and dermatological manifestations, which result in various functional and psychological problems. PRS and linear scleroderma belong to the same disease spectrum. There can be demarcating line between the normal and abnormal skin seen in PRS, termed as "en coup de sabre". PRS is most commonly seen in females and involves the left side of the face. Method: We hereby report a case of PRS in a young girl presenting with en coup de sabre appearance on the right side of face. Results: Microsurgical facial reconstruction of the affected side is known to be the gold standard method for correction of the facial symmetry. In our case, the patient is currently kept under long term follow up and cosmetic surgical treatment will be planned once the atrophy attains stability. Conclusion: The association of PRS with linear scleroderma may present difficulty in its diagnosis. Hence, careful recording of the history and clinical examination with appropriate investigations can aid in establishing the correct diagnosis.

The construction of religious moderation is not only derived from the context of practices but also the texts of its theological doctrines. Manuscripts of Kitab Sifat Dua Puluh from West Kalimantan is a primary source to study the basis of Islamic religious moderation in Interior Borneo. The texts of the manuscript are no longer presented as a copy of al-Sanūsī’s Umm al-Barāhīn but it has become a corpus that accommodates local genius and tradition. This article aims to examine the moderation of Islamic theological doctrine derived from the texts of the manuscript of twenty attributes of God. The texts of a manuscript considered as one of the sustainable best practices of South-East Asian localisations of Islam because it was one of the basic references for the local Dayak Muslim community learning Islam in interior Boneo. This article is based on the results of philological studies on the manuscript collection written by Abang Ahmad Tahir (1860-1945) in Kapuas Hulu, West Kalimantan, Indonesia. The moderate Islamic theological doctrine in Abang Ahmad Tahir’s manuscript collection can be seen through three indicators namely the simplicity of the narrative articulation and arguments of the attributes of God, the synthesis of Islamic theological doctrine with Sufi doctrine, and the content of the text that gives no room for hate speech against local tradition and different systems of belief of the indigenous offspring of West Kalimantan.

Abstract Background Traditional cost–benefit analysis of soybean production tends to largely focus on financial benefits to farmers, and less so on non-market co-benefits in sustaining smallholder farming systems. Relying solely on the standard financial analysis undermines the actual benefit of soybean production, which often results in ineffectual policy designs. An economic analysis that incorporates key non-pecuniary co-benefits of soybean production provide vital insight that contributes to improving productivity and overall economic well-being of farmers. Cross-sectional data were collected from 271 farmers to estimate the overall economic benefit of soybean that captures both market and non-market attributes in three major producing districts (Sissala-West, Wa-East, and Dafiama-Busie-Issa (DBI)) of Ghana. Results When non-market co-benefits were omitted, soybean production was not profitable (−Gh¢103.10/ha or −US$22.91) in DBI while Sissala-West and Wa-East had modest profit margins. However, the financial analysis changed dramatically when an average non-market value of Gh¢345.69 (US$76.82) was incorporated in the analysis. The soybean system was, therefore, financially viable for all the districts when the non-market attributes of the crop were considered. Conclusions The findings demonstrate the importance of the non-pecuniary benefits of soybean in smallholder farming systems for policy decision-making. For instance, farmers’ motivation for soybean production is closely linked to those ancillary benefits like the biological nitrogen fixed in the soil for cultivation of other crops. Similarly, crop administrators and policy makers’ support for conservation agriculture and green environment is tied to these non-market co-benefits.

Objective: This research provide evidence that there are significant and positive influences between the three main predictors of CBE (Consumer Brand Engagement) namely consumer involvement, consumer participation, and self-expressive brand on the three dimensions of CBE namely cognitive processing, affection, and activation. Research Design & Methods: This quantitative research is using purposive sampling combined with snowball sampling method to collect data from 295 respondents which are Iphone users/consumers at several location in Indonesia. Structural Equation Modeling - AMOS is also used to test the nine hypothesis. Findings: six of nine research hypothesis are significantly and positively supported between analyzed variables. Meanwhile, the other three hypothesis aren’t supported. Implications & Recommendations: Based on the findings, it can be stated that for the Apple Inc., as the owner of Iphone brand, they should give more experience, encourage participation, and emotional relation to their consumers as they continue using the products. Ideas, critics, and suggestion from consumers is also important factors to the brand. Contribution & Value Added: This research provides insight to understand CBE dimensions and its antecedents on Iphone smartphone brand which are consumers involvement, consumer participation, and self-expressive brand on cognitive processing, affection, and activation.

The chemical characteristics of the Ciliwung River were analyzed to understand hydrochemical evolution. A fraction of sea water mixture and kinds of mineral controlling for chemicals were also determined. During three year investigations in 2015, 2016, and 2018, electrical conductivity increased with decreasing elevations. Two hydrochemical facies had been identified for the Ciliwung river water; those were Ca-Mg-HCO3 and Ca-Na-HCO3. The river water mixing with seawater was recognized in the Mangga Dua site in which its water type had shifted to Na-Ca-HCO3-Cl. Based on Na-Cl contents, the fraction of sea water into the Ciliwung River reached 2% in the Mangga Dua site during the dry season and decreased to 0.7% during the rainy season in 2015. The much higher monthly rainfall during the dry season in 2016 and 2018 had washed out invading seawater from the Mangga Dua site; its fraction of sea water was less than 0.4%. Saturation indexes with respect to calcite, dolomite, and gypsum minerals showed an increasing trend related to the decreasing elevations. All water samples were undersaturated with respect to gypsum. Meanwhile, saturation indexes with respect to calcite and dolomite mostly indicated undersaturated, except in the Mangga Dua site that was saturated (during the rainy season in 2015 and dry season in 2018) and supersaturated during the dry season in 2015.

ABSTRACT Synovial chondromatosis is a case that rarely found epidemiologically. It is a process which is benign in the synovial lining of joints, synovial sheaths, and bursae. It is the metaplastic process of synovium, which converts it into the cartilage and gets detached to become a loose body. Methods of this study are describing a case report of patient of Airlangga University Hospital that has synovial chondromatosis. A 38 years old woman, with a one-year history of pain, edema, and restriction of the left knee joint. Patient symptoms were insidious in onset, which gradually progressed. Decreased range of motion of her knee. The symptoms were mimicking of osteoarthritis. Considering the extensive involvement with multiple nodule masses inside the knee joint, we planned surgical management and open procedure. Total synovectomy was done, synovium and the masses were sent for histopathological examination which confirmed the diagnosis of synovial chondromatosis. In our case, the patient has clinical symptoms mimicking osteoarthritis of genu. Some study reported similar cases. Although synovium osteochondromatosis is a rare case and it should be kept as a differential diagnosis with chronic knee pain with swelling. Synovial chondromatosis is a rare case in the orthopedic patient. Diagnosis of synovial chondromatosis is often made following a thorough history, physical examination, and radiographic examination and histopathologic. In our case report, we present synovial chondromatosis in woman mimicking osteoarthritis. Patient treated by surgical removal of the loose bodies followed by total synovectomy. Keywords: Synovial chondromatosis, osteoarthritis, total synovectomy

Keterbatasan sumbar daya manusia pengawasan ketenagakerjaan serta kondisi georgrafis negara Indonesia yang berupa kepulauan, merupakan alasan utama pentingnya penggunaaan teknologi digital dalam penyelenggaraan pengawasasn ketenagakerjaan. Masih lemahnya koordinasi antar instansi terkait pengawasan ketenagakerjaan, mengkibatkan sistem pendataan dan pelaporan penyelenggaraan pengawasan ketenagakerjaan belum berjalan dengan baik. Perkembangan teknologi informasi dan komunikasi yang semakin cepat, diharapkan dapat mengatasi permasalahan-permasalahan yang dihadapi oleh pengawas ketenagakerjaan dalam rangka penegakan hukum ketengakerjaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui seberapa besar pemanfaatan teknologi digital dapat membantu penyelenggaraan pengawasan ketenagakerjaan di Indonesia. Hasil penelitian diharapkan dapat memberi masukkan bagi instansi terkait dalam pembangunan dan pengembangan teknologi digital di bidang pengawasan ketengakerjaan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis kualitatif dan kuantitatif deskriptif terhadap data primer yang diperoleh melalui pengisian angket dan wawacara mendalam. Pemilihan sampel penelitian menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Sampel yang dipilih adalah provinsi yang padat industri yaitu Provinsi Jawa Barat dan Provinsi Banten. Teknologi informasi yang sudah dikembangkan oleh Kementerian Ketenagakerjaan berupa Sisnaker dan Siwasnaker belum dapat memberikan manfaat secara maksimal bagi penyelenggaraan pengawasan ketenagakerjaan. Masih lemahnya koordinasi antar instansi terkait dalam penyediaan data dan pelaporan penyelenggaraan pengawasan ketenagakerjaan menjadi salah satu hambatan dalam pemanfaatan Tenologi Informasi dan Komunikasi. Kurangnya sosialisasi, pembinaan dan pemberian hak akses oleh Kementerian Ketenagakerjaan menjadi kendala pemanfaatan aplikasi Sisnaker dan Siswasnaker. Diperlukan regulasi yang kuat dalam pengaturan koordinasi antar instansi terkait dalam penyediaan data serta pengembangan TIK dibidang pengawasan ketenagakerjaan. Abstract The limited human resources of labor inspection and the geographical condition of Indonesia, which is an archipelago, are the main reasons for the importance of using digital technology in the implementation of labor inspection. The lack of coordination between agencies related to labor inspection has resulted in the system of data collection and reporting on the implementation of labor inspection that has not been running properly. The rapid development of information and communication technology is expected to be able to overcome the problems faced by labor inspectors in the context of enforcing labor law. This study aims to determine how much the use of digital technology can help the implementation of labor inspection in Indonesia. The results of the research are expected to provide input for relevant agencies in the development and development of digital technology in the field of labor inspection. The analysis was carried out qualitatively and quantitatively descriptively using primary data obtained through questionnaires and in-depth interviews. The selection of research samples using purposive sampling method. The selected sample is a province that is densely industrial, namely West Java Province and Banten Province. Information technology that has been developed by the Ministry of Manpower in the form of Sisnaker and Siwasnaker has not been able to provide maximum benefits for the implementation of labor inspection. The lack of coordination between relevant agencies in providing data and reporting on the implementation of labor inspection is one of the obstacles in the utilization of Information and Communication Technology. The lack of socialization, guidance and granting of access rights by the Ministry of Manpower is an obstacle to using the Sisnaker and Siswasnaker applications. Strong regulations are needed in regulating coordination between relevant agencies in providing data and developing ICT in the field of labor inspection.

Dutch colonialization with a colonial pattern indirectly left the perpetuation of the devide et impera politics among indigenous elites in Indonesia. The use of the natives as colonizers had resulted in conflicts and increased competitiveness patterns between priyayi and santri. Consequently, the clash of religious ideology with the new aristocratic model (Dutch priyayi) was inevitable. Freemasonry's propaganda successfully recruited many indigenous elites and significantly contributed to Dutch Colonialism. This study was historical research with several stages: heuristics, criticism, interpretation, and historiography. Dutch Colonialism's upbringing was projected to successfully deal with the rise of santri organizations, such as Syarikat Islam (SI), Muhammadiyah, and Nahdlatul ‘Ulama (NU). These organizations aggressively revived resistance against the Dutch colonial in the 1920s. Freemasonry succeeded in clashing Javanese culture with Arabic (Islamic) culture to separate the indigenous elite from religious groups, considered radical and threatening Western colonialism. Freemasonry aimed to reject various forms of religious fanaticism and was an anti-religious dogma. The practice of colonialism and the role of Freemasonry has a common interest resulting in a mutually beneficial relationship.

Extensive clinical efforts have been made to control the severity of dengue diseases; however, the dengue morbidity and mortality have not declined. Dengue virus (DENV) can infect and cause systemic damage in many organs, resulting in organ failure. Here, we present a novel report showing a tailored stem-cell-based therapy that can aid in viral clearance and rescue liver cells from further damage during dengue infection. We administered a combination of hematopoietic stem cells and endothelial progenitor cells in a DENV-infected BALB/c mouse model and found that delivery of this cell cocktail had improved their liver functions, confirmed by hematology, histopathology, and next-generation sequencing. These stem and progenitor cells can differentiate into target cells and repair the damaged tissues. In addition, the regime can regulate endothelial proliferation and permeability, modulate inflammatory reactions, enhance extracellular matrix production and angiogenesis, and secrete an array of growth factors to create an enhanced milieu for cell reparation. No previous study has been published on the treatment of dengue infection using stem cells combination. In conclusion, dengue-induced liver damage was rescued by administration of stem cell therapy, with less apoptosis and improved repair and regeneration in the dengue mouse model.

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis pengaruh kualitas pakan terhadap profil kualitas susu pada peternakan sapi perah rakyat di Kota Batu, Jawa Timur. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode observasi dan wawancara. Total responden berjumlah 40 orang peternak sapi perah dengan rata-rata kepemilikan sapi perah 5-6 ekor. Bahan pakan yang digunakan diantaranya adalah rumput gajah, konsentrat A (19,84% protein kasar), konsentrat B (14,45% protein kasar), susu skim, empog jagung, dan menir. Peternakan sapi perah rakyat dibagi menjadi 6 kelompok berdasarkan pakan yang digunakan yaitu Kelompok 1: rumput gajah + konsentrat A (60:40), Kelompok 2: rumput gajah + konsentrat B (60:40), Kelompok 3: rumput gajah + konsentrat A + susu skim (60:30:10), Kelompok 4 = rumput gajah + konsentrat B + susu skim (60:30:10), Kelompok 5: rumput gajah + konsentrat A + empog jagung (60:30:10), dan Kelompok 6: rumput gajah + konsentrat A+ menir (60:30:10). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsumsi nutrien pada kelompok 1 cenderung lebih tinggi dibandingkan kelompok lainnya. Substitusi sebagian proporsi konsentrat dengan susu skim, empog jagung, dan menir secara umum cenderung menurunkan konsumsi nutrien. Evaluasi profil kualitas susu menunjukkan bahwa kelompok 1 menghasilkan susu segar dengan kadar lemak yang relatif lebih tinggi dibandingkan kelompok lainnya. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa profil kualitas susu pada peternakan sapi perah rakyat sangat bergantung pada kualitas pakan. Peternak sapi perah rakyat direkomendasikan untuk menggunakan pakan yang terdiri dari 60% rumput gajah + 40% konsentrat A agar memberikan hasil yang optimal terhadap konsumsi nutrien dan profil kualitas susu.

This article studies some theories about the introduction and spread of Islam in South East Asia in the context of Islamisation of Nusantara. The relevance is do tue history of the introduction of Islam in South East Asia is one of the most important points to understand South East Asian Islam. Nevertheless, it has been the most probelmatic and unclear. The academic debate have been accured among the scholars from West and South East Asian. They have pointed out some evidents, interpretations, and argumentations to construct the theory of introduction and spread of Islam in South East Asia. This article examines five of those theories to answer three core problem, namely the origin place of Islam, the actors who came with, and the time of it’s introduction. The five of those theories are Indian, Arabian, Persian, Chinesee, and Acomodative Theories. The debates and polemic of those theories will never be`the end becouse of the lack of data and the patisan interest to some core problems while ignore the other ones. This article not only talk about some factors and channels of Islamisation, but also describes some characteristics of Shoth East Asian Islam.