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Abstract Double transition metal (DTM) MXenes are a recently discovered class of two‐dimensional composite nanomaterials with excellent potential in energy storage applications. Since their emergence in 2015, DTM MXenes have expanded their composition boundary beyond traditional single‐metal carbide and nitride MXenes. DTM MXenes offer tunable structures and properties through variations in the constituent transition metals and positioning within the layered lattice. These MXenes can exist in two primary forms: ordered DTMs and solid solutions. The compositional versatility of DTM MXenes offers opportunities to enhance their performance in electrochemical energy storage applications. However, the quality, stability, and surface chemistry of DTM MXenes are influenced by several factors, including the etching process, etchant type, and synthesis route. Currently, limited literature is available on experimentally synthesized DTM MXenes, with most studies focusing on carbide‐based MXenes. Most of the articles have dedicated their efforts only to generalized synthesis strategies. Although extensive theoretical studies have explored the suitability of etchants, synthesis parameters, and methods for producing high‐quality MXene with selective terminal functional groups, their stability issues have not been thoroughly examined. This review addresses various types of DTM MXenes, their synthesis techniques, and the impact of these methods on their physicochemical properties and electrochemical performance. Additionally, it provides a critical analysis of the causes of instability in MXenes, particularly DTMs, from synthesis to application. The challenges associated with these materials are discussed, along with opportunities and prospects for enhancing synthesis, structural tuning, surface modification, and applications in electrochemical energy storage.

The escalating environmental concerns associated with plastic waste have intensified the search for sustainable waste management solutions. Plastic dispersion in the environment poses severe threats to ecosystems, human well-being, and agriculture. Consequently, addressing plastic pollution stands as a pressing ecological concern. In contrast, the adoption of sustainable solar energy is harnessed for the production of HHO (Oxy-Hydrogen) gas, offering a promising avenue for clean energy generation. Gas production is achieved through the process of electrolysis, utilizing solar panels as the primary energy source. To address storage challenges, a spiral pipe configuration is employed for the interim containment of the generated HHO gas. Given the highly flammable nature of HHO gas, stringent safety protocols are imperative throughout the production and storage phases. To ensure the safe handling of HHO gas, a sophisticated MQ-8 Sensor is employed for real-time leak detection within the gas containment system. This sensor plays a critical role in maintaining operational safety by promptly identifying and addressing any potential gas leaks that may arise within the tubing infrastructure. The HHO gas, generated through the electrolysis process, serves as the primary fuel for the pyrolysis of plastic. This optimization is crucial to maximize the efficiency of the pyrolysis process. As a result of the pyrolysis process, crude oil is produced as an intermediary product. This crude oil holds the potential for subsequent refinement, offering versatility for various applications and end uses. Hence, the integration of solar energy-driven HHO gas in the pyrolysis of plastic demonstrates a promising avenue for mitigating plastic waste and contributing to environmental cleanliness. The intricate technological aspects, ranging from gas production through electrolysis, leak detection, optimized combustion, to crude oil production and refinement, collectively establish a comprehensive framework for sustainable waste management and resource recovery.

Video forgery detection is a critical aspect of digital forensics, addressing the challenges posed by the manipulation of video content. This paper presents a novel approach for video forgery detection using Deep Convolutional Neural Networks (DCNN). Leveraging the power of deep learning, our method aims to improve the accuracy and efficiency of object-based forgery detection in advanced video sequences. In the proposed approach, we build upon the foundation of an existing method, which utilizes Convolutional Neural Networks, and introduce innovative modifications to the DCNN architecture. These modifications include data preprocessing, network architecture, and training strategies that enhance the model’s ability to detect tampered objects in video frames. We conduct experiments on the SYSU-OBJFORG dataset, the largest object-based forged video dataset to date, with advanced video encoding standards. Our DCNN-based approach is compared with the existing method, demonstrating superior performance. The results show increased accuracy and robustness in detecting object-based video forgery. This paper not only contributes to the field of video forgery detection but also underscores the potential of deep learning, particularly DCNN, in addressing the evolving challenges of digital video manipulation. The findings open avenues for future research in the localization of forged regions and the application of DCNN in lower bitrate or lower resolution video sequences.

This study aimed at exploring students’ perceptions of virtual espirit de corps, teamwork and team trust in distance learning environment based on team structure, team leadership, team situation monitoring, team mutual support and team communication. Descriptive survey design was used for research methodology. A self-constructed 5 point likert scale questionnaire containing 30 statements was administered to 100 randomly selected graduate level students enrolled in distance education. Results revealed that espirit de corps, team work and team trust need to be addressed rigorously if highly motivated team members are to be produced through distance education. Teachers may introduce online discussion forums, reflective videos and reflective blogs to enhance team work. In addition to this, teachers may serve as team leads and provide a base for espirit de corps.

Objective: Determine the efficacy o f topically applied 1% acetic acid in burn wounds in eradication ofPseudomonas aeruginosa infection. Study Design: Retrospective observational study.Place: Department of Burns, Civil Hospital, Karachi Duration of Study: Study was undertaken from January 2006 to December, 2009.Patients and Methods: The study included all adult burn patients, aged between 21 to 40 years, o f eithergender who had culture reports showing Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Patients belonged to urban and rural areas,had TBSA (Total body surface area) burnt between 15-35%. All these patients received application o f 1% aceticacid for 10-14 days. Results: Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection was cleared from 65 (90%) out o f 72 cases and wound was freeofPseudomonas aeruginosa infection in 10-14 days. Conclusions: 1% acetic acid is very effective in treating the Pseudomonas Aeruginosa infection in burn patients.In this study on burn patients between 15-35% TBSA, 1% acetic acid was very effective in eradicatingPseudomonas A eruginosa infection in 90% o f the patients.

Objective: To evaluate the effect o f Convallaria majalis on kidney function. The kidneys are vital organs thatperform a variety of important functions in our body. Primary and secondary causes o f kidney diseases producechanges in glomerular filtration rate that m ay leads to kidney failure. Blood parameters such as uric acid andcreatinine are used to assess kidney function. C. majalis (CM) commonly called as Lily o f the valley is aHomoeopathic remedy having valuable action on heart and also has diuretic action. Methods: In the present study, the effect o f CM was investigated on serum uric acid and creatinine, byadministrating orally 70% alcoholic extract o f CM (10 and 50 mg/kg), simvastatin (20 mg/kg), 0.05%dimethylsulphooxide (DMSO, 1ml/kg) and distilled w ater (1ml/kg) to test (A & B groups), positive, negativeand control rabbits respectively for 14 days consecutively once in a day. On completion o f trial, rabbits weresac rificed to co llec t b lo o d and serum was sep a rated to estimate uric acid and creatin in e levels. Results: Out of two tested doses, 10 mg/kg o f CM produced significant decrease in uric acid levels from 10.978.40mg/dL in test rabbits (Test A) when compared with control, negative & positive control groups (p