Search

As one of the livelihoods of the Indonesian people, the sea has many benefits, such as fish, marine plant cultivation, and others. Most Indonesian live in the coastal area and work as fishermen. Its existence and role are very important in coastal development, especially fisheries. This study aims to investigate logic tree analysis to solve defects in traditional shipbuilding. It is envisaged that such implementation shall improve the quality of ships produced. Traditional ships are currently experiencing a significant demand proportionally to the increase in the number of fishermen utilizing traditional ships. However, shipbuilders experienced many obstacles during the manufacturing process. Therefore, the quality of the ships produced was different from the ship owners' standards or demands. For solving this problem, initial identification processes should be conducted to determine any potential defects that may affect the quality of the ships. Defects that pose a high risk to the quality of the ship were resolved using a logic tree analysis to obtain recommendations for improvements. The result shows that four risks of damage have been identified that affect the quality of the traditional ships produced: the selection of the quality of raw materials, imperfect wooden joints, easily corroded steel bolts, and poor installation of additional equipment.

Shipyard is a specialised facility equipped with various tools to support the process of building, repairing and maintaining ships. There are several types of variant ships, such as military ships, tourist boats, cargo ships and passenger ships. Apart from being a place for shipbuilding, shipyards are utilised to conduct several activities, such as ship design, equipment installation, plate installation, feasibility tests and classifications. There are many production activities and flows that allow for potential waste problems that impact labour usage, product quality, costs, and production time. This research aims to identify waste in shipbuilding production lines through a lean manufacturing approach. The lean manufacturing approach is one of the ways in shipyards to observe the level of waste in the production process to reduce unnecessary activities in the production process, which can increase production efficiency and effectiveness. This study approach begins with identifying waste in the production line through mapping on each line so that activities with no added value are identified. On the basis of the results of identification using the waste assessment model (WAM) method, which consists of a waste relationship matrix (WRM) and a waste assessment questionnaire (WAQ), waste is obtained, namely inventory (27,20%), overproduction (20.24%), defective products (20.04%), motion (12.47%), transportation (9.23%), waiting time (7.46%) and process (3.37%)

This article reports a failure analysis of a diesel generator set connecting rod type 3516 B that has operated for 79,678 hours. From visual observation, connecting rod cylinder #10 has changed color in the shank area. This phenomenon may represent many cases of generator failure, so an analysis to identify the root cause of the failure is needed for scientific literature. In this case, fault tree analysis, SEM-EDX, chemical composition, and microstructure testing were performed to obtain more comprehensive results. Through fault tree analysis, we found that the connecting rod damage was caused by compression leakage due to wear on the cylinder liner. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis shows that the piston rod material is discolored due to heat, namely the formation of iron oxide. The heat level received by the connecting rod is around 200 °C. We also found a finely formed, easy-to-clean scale where the thickness ranged from 0.00127–0.008 mm. Finally, EDX analysis showed high levels of iron (Fe) and oxygen (O) confirming that the formation of iron-oxide on the metal surface was due to the influence of heat.

This article begins with a dynamical analysis of the Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG) in a wind turbine system with quadratic nonlinearities. The dynamical behaviors of the PMSG are analyzed and examined using Poincare map, bifurcation model, and Lyapunov spectrum. Finally, an adaptive type-2 fuzzy controller is designed for different flow configurations of the PMSG. An analysis of the performance for the proposed approach is evaluated for effectiveness by simulating the PMSG. In addition, the proposed controller uses advantages of adaptive type-2 fuzzy controller in handling dynamic uncertainties to approximate unknown non-linear actions.

The article describes syntheses and characterizations of carbonyl functionalized benzimidazolium salts, I–IV . While salts I–III are unstable at room temperature, salt IV remained stable and was further utilised to form N -heterocyclic carbene (NHC) compounds of silver(I), V and VI , and selenium compound, VII respectively. Compounds IV–VII were tested for their antibacterial potential against Escherichia coli ( E. coli ) and Staphylococcus aureus ( S. aureus ). Salt IV shows a very low inhibition potential (minimum inhibitory concentration, MIC 500 μg/mL) compared to the respective silver(I)-NHC, V and VI (MIC 31.25 μg/mL against both, E. coli and S. aureus ) and selenium compound, VII (MIC 125 μg/mL against E. coli and 62.50 μg/mL against S. aureus ). In DNA cleavage abilities, all the test compounds cleave DNA in which the VII cleaves the DNA at the faster rate. Meanwhile, the silver(I)-NHC complexes V and VI act at the same mode and pattern of DNA cleavage while VII is similar to IV .

Extraction of pure genomic DNA from microbes isolated from river sediments often hindered byco-isolated carryovers from the reagents used which reduces the yield and quality of DNA.Existing methods were lengthy, expensive and does not result in high yield of genomic DNA inshort time. This study describes a rapid and inexpensive DNA extraction method that involvedminimal purification step without phenol or other carcinogenic reagents. The microbial DNAextraction steps also does not require the use of special laboratory equipment. This method usesCetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) followed by ethanol based purification steps andwithin one hour the extraction of microbial DNA could be completed. The extracted genomicDNA from microbes isolated from river sediment of Sungai Kelantan, Malaysia using the methoddescribed in this study is of quality suitable for other downstream researches such asmetagenomics sequencing.

Pemphigus vulgaris is an autoimmune skin disorder with development of blisters in the skin and mucosa, and it can be a life-threatening disease if not treated. Corticosteroids have been a cornerstone for treating PV, but because of side effects the treatment is combined with other conventional immune modulating drugs and rituximab. The Danish treatment protocol for pemphigus vulgaris is similar to the other Scandinavian countries, and therefore this study is of importance for clinicians in the Scandinavian countries as well as other European countries. We retrospectively identified all patients with Pemphigus vulgaris in our tertiary center over a 7-year period in order to register patient characteristics, treatment, adverse events, comorbidities and the effect of prednisolone dose on remission. In this study 19 patients met the inclusion criteria and remission was seen after a mean of 19.9 weeks, and relapse was seen in 50% after the mean time of 15 weeks. Time to relapse in our study is relatively short compared to studies in which rituximab is used as a first-line drug in treating pemphigus vulgaris.

Burkholderia sp. has been reported to synthesize polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) with different monomers such as 3-hydroxybutyrate and 3-hydroxyvalerate. In this study, the PHA synthase gene of B. contaminans Kad1 (phaCBcon) was successfully cloned and characterized. Heterologous expression of phaCBcon conferred PHA synthesis to the mutant Cupriavidus necator PHB¯4, confirming that phaCBcon encoded a functional active protein. The transformant C. necator PHB¯4 (Cn-Kad1) harboring phaCBcon was able to synthesize PHA when grown on sodium-4-hydroxybutyrate (sodium-4-HB) as the sole carbon source in a two-stage cultivation. NMR results confirmed the presence of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate), P(3HB-co-4HB). Cn-Kad1 has the ability to produce a broad range of copolymer with a molecular weight (Mw) in the range of 8.0 × 105 to 10 × 105 Dalton. However, the number average molecular weight (Mn) decreased from 5.0 × 105 to 4.7 × 105 Da, when the sodium-4-HB concentration increased from 0.1 to 0.4 M. Higher concentration of sodium-4-HB, resulted in higher 4HB compositions in the polymer and consequently gave lower values for both the melting temperature (Tm) and the glass transition temperature (Tg). Interestingly, Cn-Kad1 accumulated P(3HB-co-4HB) with 4HB monomer up to 51 mol% from sodium-4-HB, while, the wild type B. contaminans Kad1 has limited ability to accumulate PHA containing 4HB monomer.

A series of N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) precursors, 1-methoxylethyl-3-allylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate (1), 1-ethyl-3-allylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate (2), and 1-pentyl-3-allylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate (3) were synthesized. These salts were treated with Ag2O to afford their corresponding mononuclear Ag(I)-NHC complexes, namely 1-methoxylethyl-3-allylimidazolium silver(I) hexafluorophosphate (4), 1-ethyl-3-allylimidazolium silver(I) hexafluorophosphate (5), and 1-pentyl-3-allylimidazolium silver(I) hexafluorophosphate (6), respectively. These compounds were characterized by physicochemical and spectroscopy techniques. Compounds 4 and 5 were structurally characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction, and their stability in solution was investigated and found to be acceptable for the antibacterial studies. These new NHC precursors and their respective Ag–NHC complexes were screened for their antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 12600) and Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922). Compounds 1–3 showed no inhibition, whereas 4–6 inhibited the growth of these bacteria. The nuclease activities of the reported compounds against plasmid DNA and RNA were assessed by gel electrophoresis, and the results indicate that complexes 5 and 6 can degrade both DNA and RNA in the absence of an oxidant.

Understanding the hydraulic properties of reservoir rocks is crucial for estimating reserves or managing storage and production of a reservoir. In reservoirs containing complex carbonates, rock-typing methodologies that recognize multimodal porosity have been widely used. A new rock-typing workflow based upon Thomeer-buoyancy modelling is presented, with proven application in Middle Eastern carbonate reservoirs where multimodal porosity is observed.Porosity reflects the total pore volume of the rock, but fluid transport within the media rock unit is dominated by the fractional pore volume connected to the largest pore throat system. The mercury intrusion capillary pressure (MICP) experiment alone provides insight into the connected porosity and permeability volumes. In addition, the MICP experiment establishes the relationship between the vertical saturation profile of the wetting and non-wetting fluid phases. A workflow that captures the buoyancy of the fluids (saturation-height) alongside this pore volume complexity can then provide insight into the pore geometry, saturation distribution and permeability of the investigated reservoir volume.This workflow is distinctive because it integrates reservoir physics with new analytic approaches that include a routine conversion of properties from ambient to reservoir conditions, a fully automated Thomeer deconvolution of mercury injection experiments (THOPAL) and a Thomeer-buoyancy analytical solver for properties estimation in the log domain.The solutions provided comprise continuous magnitude and category estimations of 1) permeability at reservoir conditions and Thomeer coefficients (G,Pd and Bv), 2) statistical uncertainties of the previous, 3) continuous scalar results in the hydrocarbon column including reservoir capillary pressure, bulk volume oil and Sw as well as probabilistic pore geometry grouping.Two case studies are presented to demonstrate the application to wellbores within the investigated Middle Eastern carbonate reservoirs.

Objective In large-vessel occlusion, endovascular therapy is superior to medical management alone in achieving recanalisation. Reducing time delays to revascularisation in patients with large-vessel occlusion is important to improving outcome. Patients and methods A campaign was implemented in the Central Denmark Region targeting the identification of patients with large-vessel occlusion for direct transport to a comprehensive stroke centre. Time delays and outcomes before and after the intervention were assessed. Results A total of 476 patients (153 pre-intervention and 323 post-intervention) were included. They were treated with either intravenous tissue plasminogen activator or endovascular treatment (alone or in combination with intravenous tissue plasminogen activator). Endovascular therapy patients’ median system delay was reduced from 234 to 185 min (adjusted relative risk delay 0.79 (95% confidence interval: 0.67–0.93)). The in-hospital delay was the main driver with an adjusted relative risk delay of 0.76 (confidence interval: 0.62–0.94), while pre-hospital delay was almost significantly reduced with an adjusted relative delay of 0.86 (confidence interval: 0.71–1.04). This was achieved without increasing the intravenous tissue plasminogen activator-treated patients’ delay. Significantly more patients treated with endovascular therapy in the post-interventional period achieved functional independence (62% versus 43%), corresponding to an adjusted odds ratio of 3.08 (95% confidence interval: 1.08–8.78). Conclusion Direct transfer of patients with suspected large-vessel occlusion to a comprehensive stroke centre leads to shorter treatment times for endovascular therapy patients and is, in turn, associated with an increase in functional independence. We recorded no adverse effects on intravenous tissue plasminogen activator treatment times or outcome.

Objetivo: Determinar el efecto de dosis bajas de calcio elemental y ácido linoleico conjugado sobre los niveles plasmáticos de tromboxano B2, insulina, aldosterona, GMP cíclico, proteína C reactiva ultrasensible y la eficacia del tratamiento en la prevención de la hipertensión arterial inducida por el embarazo. Métodos: En un ensayo clínico doble ciego, controlado con placebo se estudiaron a 48 primigrávidas con alto riesgo para desarrollar preeclampsia con dosis diarias de calcio elemental (600 mg) y ácido linoleico conjugado (450 mg) (n=24) ó 450 mg de talco y 600 mg de lactosa como placebo (n=24) desde la semana 18-22 hasta el parto. Resultados: Dos mujeres en el grupo experimental (8.3%) desarrollaron hipertensión arterial inducida por el embarazo comparado con 10 (41.7%) mujeres controles (riesgo relativo 0.20, IC 95% 0.05-0.82, p=0.01). No se observaron diferencias entre los niveles plasmáticos después de 4 semanas de tratamiento ni efectos maternos o neonatales en ambos grupos. Conclusiones: La administración de dosis bajas de calcio elemental y ácido linoleico conjugado redujo significativamente la incidencia de hipertensión arterial inducida por el embarazo en mujeres embarazadas de alto riesgo sin efectos colaterales atribuibles a la intervención y sin efecto sobre los niveles de tromboxano B2, insulina, aldosterona, GMP cíclico y la respuesta sistémica inflamatoria. Objective: To determine the effect of low doses of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and calcium on plasma levels of thromboxane B2, insulin, aldosterone, ultrasensisitive C reactive protein, cyclic GMP, and the efficacy of this treatment in the prevention of pregnancy-induced hypertension. Methods: In a randomized, doubleblind, placebo-controlled study 48 primigravidas with high risk for developing preeclampsia (diastolic notch in uterine or arcuate arteries) were treated with daily doses of 450 mg conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and 600 mg elemental calcium (n=24) or 450 mg starch and 600 mg lactose placebo (n=24) from 18-22 weeks’ gestation until birth. Results: Two women in the experimental group (8.3%) developed pregnancy- induced hypertension (PIH) compared with 10 (41.7%) controls (relative risk 0.20, 95% CI 0.05-0.82, p=0.01). There were no significant differences between the serum levels of thromboxane B2, insulin, aldosterone, cyclic GMP, ultrasensisitive C reactive protein after 4 weeks of treatment in both groups. There were no serious maternal or neonatal side effects in either group. Conclusions: The administration of low daily doses of conjugated linoleic acid and calcium early in the pregnancy reduced the incidence of PIH significantly in women at high risk without effects on plasma levels of thromboxane B2, insulin, aldosterone, cyclic GMP, or inflammatory response and with adequate pharmacology tolerance.