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PLK1 (Polo-like kinase 1) plays a critical role in the progression of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Recent studies have unveiled that targeting PLK1 improves the efficacy of immunotherapy, highlighting its important role in the regulation of tumor immunity. Nevertheless, our understanding of the intricate interplay between PLK1 and the tumor microenvironment (TME) remains incomplete. Here, using genetically engineered mouse model and single-cell RNA-seq analysis, we report that PLK1 promotes an immunosuppressive TME in LUAD, characterized with enhanced M2 polarization of tumor associated macrophages (TAM) and dampened antigen presentation process. Mechanistically, elevated PLK1 coincides with increased secretion of CXCL2 cytokine, which promotes M2 polarization of TAM and diminishes expression of class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC-II) in professional antigen-presenting cells. Furthermore, PLK1 negatively regulates MHC-II expression in cancer cells, which has been shown to be associated with compromised tumor immunity and unfavorable patient outcomes. Taken together, our results reveal PLK1 as a novel modulator of TME in LUAD and provide possible therapeutic interventions.

Machine Learning (ML) is an Artificial Intelligence (AI) approach that allows systems to adapt to their environment based on past experiences. Machine Learning (ML) and Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques are commonly used in sentiment analysis and Information Retrieval Techniques (IRT). This study supports the use of ML approaches, such as K-Means, to produce accurate outcomes in clustering and classification approaches. The main objective of this research is to explore the methods for sentiment classification and Information Retrieval Techniques (IRT). So, a combination of different machine learning algorithms is used with a dataset from amazon unlocked mobile reviews and telecom tweets to achieve better accuracy as it is crucial to consider the previous predictions related to sentiment classification and IRT. The datasets consist of user reviews ratings and algorithms utilized consist of K-Means Clustering algorithm, Logistic Regression (LR), Random Forest (RF), and Decision Tree (DT) algorithms. The amalgamation of each algorithm with the K-Means resulted in high levels of accuracy. Specifically, the K-Means combined with Logistic Regression (LR) yielded an accuracy rate of 99.98%. Similarly, the K-Means integrated with Random Forest (RF) resulted in an accuracy of 99.906%. Lastly, when the K-Means was merged with the Decision Tree (DT) Algorithm, the accuracy obtained was 99.83%.We exhibited that we could foresee efficient, effective, and accurate outcomes.

Monkeypox, now called Mpox, was previously endemic to central and western Africa; however, a recent outbreak of Mpox was noticed outside its traditional endemic regions. We report a case of Mpox in a 33-year-old HIV-positive gentleman, the fourth case in Pakistan and the first in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP). Risk factors like age, gender, and unsafe and risky sexual behavior put this patient at risk of Mpox.

Mycetoma is classified as a neglected tropical disease, and despite its spread in Sudan, most physicians and pharmacists do not pay attention to the symptoms and proper treatment of mycetoma. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate knowledge and practice on mycetoma among community pharmacists in Khartoum state. A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out among community pharmacists in Khartoum state, in the period from August to October 2021. Data was collected from the seven localities within Khartoum state using a validated self-administered questionnaire. The knowledge and practice of community pharmacists were assessed, and their association with demographic characteristics was calculated. Out of 347 pharmacists, 59.9% were females, 64.8% were between 22 and 28 years of age, and 79.3% were bachelor holders. Most of the participants (52.7%) had sufficient knowledge about mycetoma, the most common source of information was lectures (36.6%), more than half participants heard about the Mycetoma Research Center, and most of the cases seen by the participants were in the community (30.5%). There was no association between demographic data and knowledge score, except for knowing about the Mycetoma Research Center and attending workshops and seminars. Moreover, more than half of the participants showed good practice with mycetoma patients. The findings of the current study reflect that more efforts are needed to increase the knowledge and improve the practice of community pharmacists toward mycetoma.

Abstract Water pollution is one of the most dangerous problems which is commonly ignored in our country. Pakistan ranks very low in the world, regarding drinkable water. Both surface and underground water are contaminated with toxic metals and pesticides and arsenic (μg/L) were found to be 50. The quality parameters set by the WHO are persistently violated. The water quality is seriously affected by improper disposal of industrial, domestic waste and agrochemicals. These pollutants are responsible alone, or along with other factors for a variety of health problems. This article discusses drinking water being supplied in Sahiwal (Pakistan) to students living in the hostel along with an emphasis on the major pollutants, their effects and consequent health problems. The data presented in this article have been collected in Sahiwal. The water samples were collected from the main supply and the blood samples were of the consumers of that water.

Introduction: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic disorder and the most common form of arthritis. OA leads to the breakdown of tissues and cartilage and the loss of combined function, causing symptoms of pain, stiffness, reduced physical function and limited movement. Incidence rates vary according to region and ethnicity. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study involving the general population of Sudair was conducted to assess the awareness and knowledge levels of OA from June to December 2020. In all, 387 residents participated, and data were collected using a pre-tested questionnaire. Data were analysed by SPSS, and appropriate statistical tests such as One-sample t-test, Chi-squared and Fisher's exact tests were applied for quantitative and qualitative variables. Results: Almost 80% of the sample belonged to the age group of 18–50 years. More than 50% were men. Overall, 199 (51.42%) participants had moderate knowledge of OA, 134 (34.63%) had poor knowledge, and only 14% had adequate knowledge. Men had significantly poorer knowledge than women (P = 0.018). Participants with a previous history and family history of OA had significantly more knowledge than the healthy participants with previous experience of OA (P < 0.001). Conclusion: The majority of the participants who lived in Sudair had moderate knowledge of OA. Previous knowledge of OA because of previous diagnosis or family history of OA led to improved awareness of OA.

Thermal management of electronic components is critical for long-term reliability and continuous operation, as the over-heating of electronic equipment leads to decrement in performance. The novelty of the current experimental study is to investigate the passive cooling of electronic equipment, by using nano-enriched phase change material (NEPCM) with copper foam having porosity of 97%. The phase change material of PT-58 was used with graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) and magnesium oxide (MgO) nanoparticles (NPs), having concentrations of 0.01 wt.% and 0.02 wt.%. Three power levels of 8 W, 16 W, and 24 W, with corresponding heating inputs of 0.77 kW/m2, 1.54 kW/m2 and 2.3 kW/m2, respectively, were used to simulate the heating input to heat sink for thermal characterization. According to results, at 0.77 kW/m2 heating input the maximum base temperature declined by 13.03% in 0.02 wt.% GNPs-NEPCM/copper foam case. At heating input of 1.54 kW/m2, the maximum base temperature reduction of 16% was observed in case of 0.02 wt.% GNPs-NEPCM/copper foam and 13.1% in case of 0.02 wt.% MgO-NEPCM/copper foam. Similarly, at heating input of 2.3 kW/m2, the maximum temperature of base lessened by 12.58% in case of 0.02 wt.% GNPs-NEPCM/copper foam. The highest time to reach the set point temperature of 50 °C, 60 °C, and 70 °C was in case of GNPs-NEPCM/copper foam composites, while at all power levels MgO-NEPCM/copper foam gave comparable performance to GNPs based composite. Similar trend was observed in the study of enhancement ratio in operation time. From the results, it is concluded that the copper foam incorporation in NEPCM is an effective measure to mitigate the heat sink base temperature and can provide best cooling efficiency at low and higher heating loads.

Background One of the most common deformities that results from untreated obstetric brachial plexus palsy (OBPP) is internal rotation shoulder contracture. There are various surgical options for treating this deformity such as muscle release, tendon transfer, and humeral osteotomy. Objective This study expresses the outcome of isolated subscapularis release performed in children with internal rotation shoulder contracture as a consequence of unresolved OBPP. Patients and methods This prospective case series study was conducted in Al Azhar University Hospitals between April 2018 and January 2020. A total of 20 patients aged between 2 and 5 years (mean: 3.2 years) with internal rotation contracture of shoulder residual deformity from OBPP were included. Of the 20 patients, eight were males and 12 were females, and 12 patients were operated on right side and eight were operated on left side, and they were followed up for a period of at least 1 year. Results The mean abduction improved from 61.0±14.1° preoperatively to 103.0±15.25° postoperatively, the mean passive external rotation in adduction improved from −9.5±11.4° preoperatively to 30.5±11.91° postoperatively, the mean active external rotation in abduction improved from 0.5±8.26 preoperatively to 60.25±10.57 postoperatively, and the mean modified mallet score improved from 12.60±1.09 preoperatively to 17.70±1.17 postoperatively. Conclusion Open subscapularis muscle release is a proper starting surgical option in children who present with internal rotation adduction contracture of the shoulder owing to unresolved OBPP.

Background and Purpose: Various risk factors have been described in the literature that increase the risk of seizures associated with stroke. This study was aimed to determine the occurrence rate of poststroke seizures (PSSs) and the associated risk factors in Arab population. Materials and Methods: Study included all stroke patients aged >18 years with a minimum follow-up of 24 months following stroke to identify seizure occurrence. Patient's hospital records for all admissions and clinic visits were reviewed. Seizures were classified into early PSS if they occur within 1 week of stroke, and late PSS if they occur after 1 week of stroke. Results: Out of 594 patients, 380 were males. Seizure occurrence was higher in anterior circulation infarctions (94.8%, P < 0.05), cortical location (80.5%, P < 0.05), large artery atherosclerosis (63.8%, P < 0.05), lower activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) (P = 0.0007), patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD) (P = 0.01), and those who underwent craniotomy (P = 0.001). Nonhigh-density lipoprotein cholesterol was inversely related to PSS (P = 0.01). Higher stroke severity (89%) and confusion (67%) at the time of presentation were independently related to PSS. Conclusions: Eighty-two (13.8%) patients had PSS. Greater stroke severity at presentation with altered sensorium was independent risk factors for the development of PSS. Patients with underlying IHD, lower APTT, and undergoing neurosurgical intervention require vigilant monitoring for PSS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research explores the feasibility of using date seeds (DS), an agricultural waste, for the adsorption of malachite green (MG) dye from synthesized wastewater. The characterization of the DS before and after adsorption was accomplished by FTIR, SEM, BET, and EDX measurements. Batch adsorption experiments were investigated for MG dye adsorption from aqueous solution onto the DS. The effect of different parameters such as solution pH, adsorbent dose, contact time, temperature, and the initial dye concentration were studied. The optimum pH, adsorbent dose, temperature, and contact time for the dye removal were found to be 5, 0.1 g, 25 °C, and 30 min, respectively. The equilibrium studies for the data with Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin isotherms showed that Freundlich isotherm is the best model to describe the adsorption of MG onto the DS particles which has a heterogeneous surface. It was found that the adsorption process follows a pseudo-second-order kinetic model which revealed that the intra-particle diffusion stage is the rate-controlling stage for the process. The thermodynamic parameters ΔG, ΔS, and ΔH suggest the possibility of chemisorption and physisorption simultaneously and indicate the exothermic and spontaneous characters of the adsorption of MG dye on DS with negative values of ΔH and ΔG. This study used agriculture waste (date seeds) which is proved to be an environmentally friendly and low-cost adsorbent. The date seeds were shown to be a promising adsorbent, demonstrating high surface area and well-developed porosity. The prepared adsorbent will have a great impact on wastewater treatment technology and possible applications at a large scale. Thus, widespread and great progress in this area can be expected in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the interest in rhinoplasty and the awareness of postoperative complications among female university students in Jazan, Saudi Arabia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted, employing data from a sample of 418 female college students at Jazan University. A convenience sampling technique was used to collect the data through an online validated questionnaire. Results: The findings revealed that less than half (n = 192, 45.9%) of the participants had a good level of knowledge, while more than half (n = 226, 54.1%) had poor knowledge about rhinoplasty complications. The results revealed statistically significant associations between faculty, years of study, having a relative or friend who underwent a rhinoplasty, interest in rhinoplasty (p -values ≤ 0.05, 0.004*, 0.003*, 0.001*, 0.007, respectively), and the level of knowledge and awareness about rhinoplasty complications. Conclusion: Generally, the number of female university students interested in rhinoplasty has been increasing substantially. The study revealed that less than half of the participants had a good knowledge of rhinoplasty complications. The students were aware of only the common complications and risks associated with the procedure of rhinoplasty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The study aimed to explore the effects of different planting medium on the growth of date palm Hillawi cv. offshoots. Methods: The experiment included two main factors: the first factor was planting media, consisting of three treatments: field soil, zeolite + field soil (in a 2:1 ratio), and zeolite + sand (in a 2:1 ratio). The second factor was cultivation method, comprising three methods: traditional planting, container planting (using pots), and planting in lined holes with a layer of agricultural polyethylene (nylon). Results: Planting medium significantly influenced the growth of the offshoots. Specifically, planting media with zeolite and sand exhibited significant improvements in leaf length, dry matter content, leaf area, root count, root length, and diameter compared to the control group. Conversely, the zeolite-field soil combination exhibited a marked increase in moisture content. Additionally, electrical conductivity (EC) within the planting media was notably higher in the control condition featuring only field soil. The study also found that the chosen cultivation method significantly influenced the growth of the offshoots. The lined holes method displayed significant advantages in leaf length, dry matter content, leaf area, root count, root length, root diameter, and moisture content within the planting media, compared to the traditional approach. Conversely, the traditional method resulted in higher EC within the planting media. Conclusions: The study reveals significant effects of cultivation medium, method, and their interaction on various growth parameters of date palm offshoots. This study recommends the lined-hole planting method and zeolite-infused medium for enhanced offshoot growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of work is the use of a cheap adsorbent; sawdust (SD), for the adsorption of anionic dye, acid red57 (AR57), and cationic dye, basic fuchsin (BF). The adsorption of AR57 and BF on SD increased by increasing contact time and adsorbent dosage, while decreased with the increase of temperature and initial dye concentration. The increase in pH decreased the adsorption of AR57 and increased the adsorption of BF. The effective pH, adsorbent dose, and contact time on the AR57 removal efficiency were found to be 3, 0.1 g and 50 min, respectively. While for BF it was found to be 6, 0.2 g and 50 min, respectively. Fitting equilibrium data to Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherms showed that Freundlich model is the most suitable to describe the acid red57 and basic fuchsin. The kinetic studies indicate that the adsorption of AR57 and BF follows a pseudo-second-order model. The adsorption of both AR57 and BF is spontaneous (ΔG = −3.97, −3.27 kJ/mol) and exothermic (ΔH = −22.9, −8.3 kJ/mol) with negative values of ΔG and ΔH. The negative values of ΔS of both AR57 and BF (ΔS = −64.6, −16.7 J/mol. K) showed that the randomness decreases through the adsorption process. SD is locally available in Egypt - Damietta, as solid residue and it is very cheap, therefore there is no need for its regeneration and reuse because of its nearly free cost and safe disposable. On the other hand, the treated waste liquids reach satisfied limits for reusing in the agriculture of palm trees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ERAS is a group of protocols that aim at affecting positively patients & surrounding lives. surgeons, nurses, physiotherapists, anesthetists, and even healthcare centers hospitals, labs, and pharmacies. Reducing the cost for both hospitals &patients, decreasing the duration of residency in hospitals, and improving patient compliance, developing performance & increasing teamwork between medical staff and patients all fall under the advantages of ERAS. Since it affects the 3 stages of any operation (preoperative-intraoperative-perioperative) it was necessary to implement a suitable protocol for each patient to achieve the best results mostly quitting smoking, fasting for a period before surgery, maintaining body temperature, pressure, and glucose level and the postoperative instructions, care & nutrition to guarantee success and avoidance to recurrence or complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present a case of a 37-year-old male security officer with fever, severe low back pain radiating to left lower leg and diminished mobility for 1 week. His Lumbar spine X-ray was unremarkable, but his inflammatory markers including CRP, ESR and Neutrophils were high. CT scan with contrast showed rim enhancing fluid collection within the left obturator foramen with inflammatory change in the mesorectal fat. Confirmatory MRI scans depicted inflammatory change in the left piriformis muscle and a localized collection without any abnormality in the spine. Urgent CT guided aspiration was performed and the sample sent for microbiological analysis. Intravenous antibiotics commenced and continued for two weeks with complete resolution.

This study was conducted at one of the orchards in the Abi Al-Khasib region of Basrah Governorate during the 2022 growing season to determine the extent of the response of the date palm Hillawi cultivar to spray with amino acids (Glycine, Arginine, and Tryptophan) concentrations of 1000, 1500, and 2000 mg. L-1 per acid, to determine the effect of these acids on some vegetative and fruitful growth characteristics. Showed results of the study showed significant superiority of s amino acid glycine at a concentration of 2000 mg. L-1 in leaf length, leaf width, number of new leaves, chlorophyll, carbohydrates, length and weight of fruit, weight of fleshy part of the fruit weight bunch and reducing sugars. (4.627m, 5.477cm, 17.67, 12.240 mg.100g-1, 49.37 mg.g-1, 3.870cm, 6.057g, 4.817g, 6.823kg, 50.76%) respectively compared with control. Arginine concentration 2000 mg. L-1 significantly in total protein of leaves, and total sugar and soluble solids of fruits. (4.933 mg.g-1, 60.90%, 70.42%) respectively. A tryptophan concentration of 2000 mg. L-1 was significant to fruit size (6.590 cm3 ). A tryptophan concentration of 1000 mg l was significant to sucrose on fruits (11.260%). Amino acid supplements have a significant impact on plant development and production. Combining different amino acids yields better quality and quantity of fruit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pectus Excavatum is a congenital developmental deformity of the anterior chest wall, characterized by the dorsal deviation of the caudal sternum and associated costal cartilages or a ventral to dorsal narrowing of the entire thorax in which several ribs and the sternum grow abnormally. It has been reported in dogs, kittens, lambs and calves. Burmese kittens and Brachycephalic dogs are more predisposed. Common clinical signs include increased inspiratory effort, inspiratory stridor, moist rales, dyspnea and exercise intolerance. Cardiac murmurs associated with concurrent cardiac defects or compression of the heart and kinking of the great vessels are common. Increased pressure in utero, rickets and increased traction on the sternum due to abnormalities of the diaphragm have been postulated as specific mechanisms. Pectus Excavatum is initially suspected from visual examination of the anterior chest. The radiographic confirmation of Pectus Excavatum is based on the thoracic shape and radiographic changes. Cardiac malposition is usually seen, with the heart shifted to the left of midline and sometimes cranially. More objective parameters have also been suggested including the Fronto-sagittal index (FSI) and vertebral index. More recently the “Haller index” has been used based on CT scan measurements. An index over 3.25 is often defined as severe. Patients with mild disease (flat chest) may become normal without surgical intervention. However, animals with moderate or severe disease need surgical intervention. Severity of this condition is repaired in animal by surgical removal of the affected portion of the sternum and replacement with a graft and also by using a cast with sutures around the sternum.

Background: Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) affects both men and women. Genetic susceptibility in men and women is characterized by the gradual miniaturization of hair roots with a specific easily recognized. It is the most prevalent trigger of hair loss in both genders. The development of AGA is generally gradual as the disease gradually worsens. With time, the overall number and severity of this form of hair loss increases. AGA affects both men and women, and both have a genetic susceptibility. With time, the overall number and severity of this form of hair loss increases. The most typical reason for hair loss in both genders is AGA. Materials and Methods: In this cross‑sectional study, data were collected by the purposely constructed questionnaire. A questionnaire composed of demographic items and items related to AGA. SPSS version 20 software was used to analyze the data. The study was conducted in different regions of Saudi Arabia; the ethical committee of King Khalid University approved the study. A convenience sampling method was used; data were collected from the general public in different regions of Saudi Arabia Sample size was 2200 respondents, and the response rate was 98% (out of 220 total samples, 2162) respondents. Results: In this study, there were 2200 total respondents; from that, 2162 participated, so the response rate was 98%. There were 1060 (49%) male participants and female participants numbered 1102 (51%). The Cronbach alpha of the questionnaire was 0.84. Out of 1060 male respondents, 479 (45.1%), while of 1102 females, 412 (37.4%) suffered from AGA. Conclusion: The results showed that the prevalence of AGA in male respondents was higher than in female respondents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Cosmetic operations are becoming increasingly popular. Cosmetic operations are a fad in today's world; yet, some patients are compelled to have cosmetic procedures because of their employment. Many additional causes, such as economic progress and greater affordability, expanding middle class with high disposable incomes, revolution in the mass media and more awareness about cosmetic treatments, and the rise in medical tourism all contribute to this upward trend. Methods: Data were collected, coded, and entered into the SPSS v20 software for descriptive statistics (mean standard deviation, frequencies, and percentages were computed) and to determine the significant differences among the variables. At a 5% level of significance, the t-test and chi-square test were performed. An electronic version of the questionnaire was used to collect data. King Khalid University in Saudi Arabia provided ethical approval. The ethical permission was obtained from the respondents. The study duration was from December 2020 to March 2021. Results: 36% believed that Botox injection means proteins while 42.8% have no idea. 82.9 opted that cosmetic procedures have price matters. Fat injection means Fat cell 55.9% agreed with this, Filler injection means Hyaluronic acid 42.2% agreed with this. 62.4% had knowledge about cosmetics side effects. Regarding doctor selection search and consultation is the major factor (51.1%) while 38.8% selected doctor as per doctor reputation. Personal desire (50.1%) is the biggest motivation towards cosmetic surgery. 46.6% have future planned for cosmetic surgery while 29. % previously done it. Conclusion: To properly manage these patients and spare them the financial, physical, and psychological toll of unneeded treatments, cosmetic treatment providers should strive to become more conversant with clinical guidelines and diagnostic criteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]