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BACKGROUND: Cell therapy is a promising trend in treating characterized by inflammation and sclerosis diseases such as genital tuberculosis, marked by pelvic inflammatory disease and uterine tube occlusion. AIM: Efficacy evaluation of combined mesenchymal stem cells and specific polychemotherapy treatment of the experimental genital tuberculosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Chinchilla rabbits (n = 27) were divided on 4 groups. Group 1 (n = 6) comprised control group, healthy animals. Group 2 (n = 7) infected with genital tuberculosis, without treatment. Group 3 (n = 7) infected with genital tuberculosis, treated with anti-tuberculous drugs only. Group 4 (n = 7) infected with genital tuberculosis, treated with anti-tuberculous drugs and mesenchymal stem cells. Culture of M. tuberculosis Erdman in dose 107 CFU/0.2 ml was injected under the left uterine tube serosa for the genital tuberculosis modelling. For treatment efficacy evaluation following tests were used: full blood count, blood chemistry, hysterosalpingography, diagnostic laparoscopy, peritoneal macrophage phagocytic activity assessment. RESULTS: Infected with genital tuberculosis animals had leukocytosis, elevated C-reactive protein, swelled and occluded uterine tubes. Treated with anti-tuberculous drugs and mesenchymal stem cells rabbits had lower white blood cell count (8.18 1.39 109/L vs 9.32 1.36 109/L, р 0.05) and C-reactive protein (1.1 0.8 mg/L vs 2.2 1.2 mg/L, р 0.01) compared to animal treated with anti-tuberculous drugs only. Animals in group 4 had also increased peritoneal macrophage phagocytic activity. Treated with mesenchymal stem cells animals had unobstructed uterine tubes, stabilized adhesive process within small pelvis with reparative process prevalence. CONCLUSIONS: Mesenchymal stem cells combined with anti-tuberculous drugs therapy favors reparative process in uterine tubes in genital tuberculosis.

Objective. The aim of study was the analysis of human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) distribution among murine blastomeres in the embryos developing after an injection of human mitochondria suspension at the stage of one or two cells is presented. Material and methods. Mice CBA/C57Black from Rappolovo aged three weeks were used. Zygotes were obtained upon hormonal stimulation of animals and mated with males. 310 pL of mitochondrial suspension from HepG2 cells was injected into a zygote or one blastomere of a two-cell embryo. Zygotes or two-cell embryos cultured in M3 medium drops covered with mineral oil in Petri dishes. Upon reaching the two-, four- or eight-cell stage the cultured embryos were separated into blastomeres. The latter were lysed and the total DNA was isolated. Human mtDNA was detected by PCR using species-specific primers. Results. The development of 2848 mouse embryos was monitored. In 520 embryos that achieved the stage of 2, 4, 8 in proper time the presence of human mtDNA was assayed in each blastomere. Along with murine mtDNA all embryos contained human mitochondrial genome, which is an evidence of artificially modelled heteroplasmy. Not every blastomere of transmitochondrial embryos contained foreign (human) mtDNA. Mathematical elaboration evidenced an uneven distribution of human mtDNA in cytoplasm within the time elapsed between the injection of human mitochondria and the subsequent splitting of the embryo. Conclusion. The results obtained confirm our previous notion of the presence of 1011 segregation units of human mtDNA in the total amount of mitochondria (about 5 ∙ 102) injected into an embryo.

The aim of this study was to evaluate a therapeutic efficacy of allogenic mesenchymal bone marrow stem cells (MSCs) (5 million / ml dose) in combination with specific therapy in experimental female genital tuberculosis (20 female “Chinchilla” rabbits). It has been shown that on the background of specific therapy the injection of MSCs actively affects reparative processes and promotes reepithelialization of the fallopian tubes 2 months after the inoculation. An active position of myofibroblasts differentiating from the MSC in the reparative reaction and promoting a normalization of epithelium and connective tissue relations was registered. At the same time, the introduction of a new antituberculous drug - tioureidoiminomethylpyridinium perhlorate (perhlozon) to the specific treatment, was contributed to a restoration of structural and functional integrity of the fallopian tubes, by reinforcing the effect of etiotropic substances and by accelerating abacillation. (For citation: Ariel BM, Guseinova FM, Vinogradova TI, et al. Mesenchymal stem cells of the bone marrow in treatment of genital tuberculosis in rabbits (experimental research with morphological control). Reviews on Clinical Pharmacology and Drug Therapy. 2017;15(2):47-55. doi: 10.17816/RCF15247-55).

Using an automated fluorescent single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis of the entire coding region, promoter zone, and exon-intron junctions of the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor gene, we examined 80 DNA samples of patients with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) from Petrozavodsk. We revealed mutations that might cause FH in five probands, including FH-North Karelia (c.925-931del7) mutation and four previously unknown mutations. These novel mutations included a transversion (c.618T>G (p.S206R), one nucleotide insertion c.195_196insT (p.FsV66:D129X), a complex gene rearrangement c.192del10/ins8 (p.FsS65:D129X), and a single nucleotide deletion c.2191delG (p.FsV731:V736X). Three out of four novel mutations produce an open reading frame shift and the premature termination of translation. An analysis of the cDNA sequence of the LDL receptor showed that this might result in the formation of a transmembrane-domain-deficient receptor that is unable to bind and internalize the ligand. Our results suggest the absence of a strong founder effect associated with FH in the Petrozavodsk population.

Examination of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor gene, its promoter, and most of exon-intron boundaries from 74 probands with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) of St. Petersburg revealed 34 mutations and 8 widely spread polymorphisms at this locus. Only four mutations were considered neutral, while the other 30 are likely to cause familial hypercholesterolemia (FH). Mutations in the LDL receptor gene, causing the disease, were identified in 41 (55%) out of 74 families with FH. Mutation R3500Q in apolipoprotein B (APOB) gene was not detected in all probands. Therefore in the families lacking mutations hypercholesterolemia was caused by mutations in the introns of the LDL receptor gene or by other genetic factors. Nineteen mutations causing disease progression were described in St. Petersburg for the first time, while 18 of them are specific for Russia. Among Ashkenazi Jews, predominant mutation G197del was detected in 30% (7 out of 22) of patients with FH. In the Slavic population of St. Petersburg, no predominant mutations were detected. Only five mutations were identified in two Slavic families, while 24 were found in unique families. These data are indicative of the lack of a strong founder effect for FH in the St. Petersburg population.

Structural and functional molecules (enzymes) at roots of life are proteins, the daily protein intake is basic in the sport world. In the last years food integration with amino acids (AA), mainly branched chain (BCAA), has become of frequent use in the resistance sports too. In fact the BCAA are used by the muscles also for energetic purpose (1,2), therefore BCAA are considered particularly useful during heavy training or race periods. This job wants to analyze the relationships among different AA in the plasma, through some systematic controls executed on cycling national Italian team, during various training periods (aerobic or anaerobic) with BCAA supply. Methods In a period of 7 month, 11 athletes of the national pursuit team were monitored, through 5 gathering and 5 venous blood samples. In the 1st two gathering the job was mostly aerobic. A supply of 0.1 [g]∙per [kg] per day of BCAA was provided. Except the month before the 2nd gathering, when a wash out or control period was performed.In the 3rd gathering the training was mixed: aerobic and anaerobic, while in the last 2 gatherings the training was in track and mostly anaerobic. A 21 AA plasmatic chart has been executed with specific chromatographic techniques (HPLC) on coldly separated plasma. The blood samples were always executed in the morning, under at least 8 hours of food abstinence and after an easy training day. The blood was collected by a 19 gauge needle on Li-Eparine and placed to 4 [°C] Crioplast, centrifuged and the serum was finally frozen to -20 [°C] and analysed. Pearson correlation, cluster and Factorial Analysis have been used to study the relationships among the AA. Results Most elevated correlation coefficients (r) have been found among the BCAA (Leu-Ile .86, Val-Ile .77, Val-Leu .72). r>70 has been found also between: Thr-Ser .85, Thr-Gln .73, Thr-Met .702, Lys-Orn .73. r>60 are numerous (12): 5 of them refers to relationship among BCAA and other AA. Cluster analysis (hierarchical and not) shows 3 defined AA groups: a) BCAA b) Ser, Thr, Gln, Met c) Lys, Orn, Pro, Cys. The Factorial analysis, with Varimax rotation, explains 75% of the variance with 4 factors (Fct): • 1st Fct(25%) introduces elevated saturations with BCAA, Tyr, Ala. • 2nd (20%) explains the variance of Ser, Thr, Gly, Gln, while Met is saturated with all this 2 Fct • 3rd (19%) comprises Lys, Orn, Pro, Cys. • 4th is saturated better with the Phe; while Glu and His are saturates in the 3rd Fct too. Data projection on factorial axis, varying experimental conditions, show that supply gives unlike results in the BCAA than in other AA like Orn, Lys, Cys. The aerobic or anaerobic training brings to unlike answers for Phe goup. References 1. Tipton K.D., Ferrando A.A. et al. (1999). Postexercise net protein synthesis in human muscle from orally administered amino acids. Am J Physiol 276 628-34. 2. Rasmussen B.B., Tipton K.D., et al. (2000). An oral essential aminoacid-carbohydrate supply enhances muscle protein anabolism after resistence exercise. J Appl Physiol 88: 386-92.

The aim of the study was to compare baseline cognitive performance of female in respect to male amateur boxers.Study population included 28 female amateur boxers. Fifty-six male boxers, matched for age, employment and competitive level to female athletes, formed the control group. All boxers had no history of head concussions (except boxing). Each boxer was requested to: 1) fulfill a questionnaire collecting demographic data, level of education, occupational status, boxing record and number of head concussions during boxing; 2) undergo a baseline computerized neuropsychological (NP) test (CogSport) measuring simple and complex reaction times (RT).Female were lighter than male boxers (56±7 vs. 73.1±9.8 kg, P0.0001). No significant differences at CogSport scores were observed between groups. Male boxers showed a longer simple-RT at the end of the NP battery than at the beginning (0.247±0.007 vs. 0.243±0.007 s, P=0.02), however, with a significant lower rate of mistakes (0.7±1.6 vs. 2.0±3.1%, P=0.005), observed also in the female group (0.5±1.1 vs. 2.2±3.0%, P=0.005). No boxing activity parameter (record, number of knock-outs, etc.) correlated with NP scores.Female and male Olympic-style boxers have no (or minimal) differences in baseline cognitive performance. Further research with larger series of female boxers is required to confirm these findings.

Dancesport is increasing its popularity and it becomes to be considered as a real sport. Few studies are available about the physiological strain of dancesport competitions: moreover, recent changes in the official rules make it mandatory to revise our knowledge about the specific physiologic demands during competition. The aim of our study was to evaluate physiological parameters in top-level dancers.Twelve competitive dancesport couples (12 Latin-American and 12 Standard dancers) composed the study population. The first testing session was aimed at determining physical and physiological characteristics of athletes in laboratory; the second, at establishing physiological responses during simulated competition on field, involving the measurement of O(2) uptake (VO(2)), heart rate and blood lactate (BL).Male dancers showed a peak-VO(2) of 60.9±6.0 and 59.2±7.0 mL/kg/min for Standard and Latin-American dancers, respectively. For females, peak-VO(2) was 53.7±5.0 mL/kg/min in Standard and 52.3±5.0 mL/kg/min in Latin-American dancers. During simulated competition, male dancers reached the 75.7±10.6 and 84.2±11.2% of peak-VO(2) (P0.05) for Standard and Latin-American sequence, respectively. For females, no difference was observed (70.8±13.8% in Latin-American and 72.5±12.8% in Standard). Peak-BL during simulated Standard competition was 6.50±2.1 and 6.91±2.6 mM in males and females, respectively, and, for Latin-American sequence, 7.95±2.1 mM in males and 6.04±2.5 mM in females.Dancesport can be defined as a sport discipline with an alternate physical activity with medium lasting and high energy-demanding (both aerobic and anaerobic) consecutive phases, separated by short recovery periods. These data must be kept into account while planning specific training programs in sportdancers.

An Olympic gold medalist in a 20 km competitive walking race and his identical twin brother, also an Olympic athlete in the same event but with inferior performance, were tested in order to obtain some further insight into the relative importance of genetic factors in modulating athletic excellence. Both twins had undergone the same strenuous, long-term training for 19 years since the age of 15 under the guidance of the same coach. An assessment of their bio-behavioural profiles at 40 years of age, i.e. 7 years after they ceased training, revealed that intrapair differences were negligible in physiological attributes but divergent in personality traits measured. Respective values for the Olympic winner and his identical counterpart were as follows: Body mass index 23.2 and 22.7, cardiac mass index 85.4 and 84.4 g × m2, squat jumping 25.3 and 27.3 cm, V̇O2 at running speed 9 km × h-1 33.1 and 33.6 ml × kg-1 × min-1, V̇O2 max 57.1 and 58.6 ml × kg-1 × min-1 (72.5ml × kg-1 × min-1 for the Olympic winner at age 22yrs), reaction to anger 97 and 9 and anger expression 2 and 76 in percentile of the State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory. Findings suggest that although genetic constitution and years of physical training are prerequisites for making ah Olympic athlete, success may be largely influenced by personality traits.