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Studies show that the percentage of female senior managers in large corporations continues to grow slowly. I consider a firm that initially has an entirely male management structure. If this firm suddenly shifts its behavior and begins to hire male and female managers in equal numbers and treats them equally, then the gender composition of the firm's managers will change over time. Using well-established mathematical methods. I derive equations that show how rapidly this change will occur. Using data from previously published studies to establish parameter bounds, I draw random samples for parameter values and use these to investigate how quickly the gender composition of a firm's management structure can change. I find that the gender composition at lower management levels changes quickly, compared to the upper management levels. (JEL J71), 1. INTRODUCTION The glass ceiling that many women face as they attempt to move into top corporate positions has been studied extensively. The 1995 Report of the Glass Ceiling Commission [...]

Hispanics are the fastest growing minority population in the United States. In 2000, there were approximately 35 million Hispanics in the United States, representing 12.5% of the US population.(1) By [...], Purpose The purpose of this study is to evaluate the psychometric properties of a Spanish-language version of the Diabetes Self-management Assessment Report Tool (D-SMART®) for Hispanics with type 2 diabetes. Methods Participants were 174 Hispanics from the Worcester Family Health Center diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. Reliability testing was conducted to determine the internal consistency and stability of the newly revised Spanish-language version of the D-SMART. Results Psychometric findings support the reliability of the newly translated Spanish-language version of the D-SMART. Conclusions The newly revised Spanish-language version of the D-SMART provides educators with a culturally relevant measure of diabetes self-management along with a better understanding about how Hispanics perceive their diabetes and self-management practices.