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189 results on '"Fain, B."'

5. Inferring global lightning activity based on multi-station Schumann Resonance measurements – the Nelson-Pracser approach

Author

Prácser, -e., Bozóki, T., Sátori, G., Bór, J., Williams, E., Liu, Y., Guha, A., Yu, H., Boldi, R., Atkinson, M., Beggan, C., Cummer, S., Lyu, F., Fain, B., Hobara, Y., Koloskov, A., Kulak12, A., Mccraty, R., Mlynarczyk, J., Montanya, J., Moore, R., Neska, M., Ortega, Pascal, Price, C., Rawat, R., Said, R., Sato, M., Sinha, A., Yampolski, Y., Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF), Géopôle du Pacifique Sud (GePaSUD), International Union of Geodesy and Geophysic, and Delcambre-Maillard, Elodie

Subjects
[PHYS]Physics [physics], [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], [SPI] Engineering Sciences [physics], [PHYS] Physics [physics]
Abstract

International audience; Lightning activity is now recognized as a climate variable indicating the changing climate of the Earth, however its continuous monitoring on global scale is still a challenging issue. In the lowest part of the ELF band (< 100 Hz) lightning-radiated electromagnetic waves travel several times around the globe before losing most of their energy. Therefore all individual lightning discharges (intracloud and cloud-to ground alike) contribute to the measured electromagnetic field, which enables the investigation of global lightning activity with only a few (1-20) receiver stations. The global interference of such waves is known as the Schumann resonances (SR), characterized by the peak frequencies of ~8, ~14, ~20 Hz.Here, we present a new inversion algorithm designed to reconstruct the distribution and the average charge moment change of global lightning activity in absolute units (C2 km2/ s) from the SR electromagnetic field components measured at two sets of distant observation sites (6 stations with identical instrumentation and 18 with different characteristics) on the globe. Forward modeling is based on the analytical solution of the two-dimensional telegraph equation for a uniform but lossy Earth-ionosphere cavity while a linearized inversion algorithm has been implemented for the inverse calculation which is based on the singular value decomposition of the Jacobian. Lightning activity is determined for guess locations which are selected based on GLD360 lightning stroke locations. The reliability of our algorithm will be demonstrated via synthetic tests and inversion results based on real observations for a few days will be presented, too.

Published
2019

8. The Ranking of Africa in Daily Global Lightning Activity

Author

Williams, E., Guha, A., Liu, Y., Boldi, R., Pracser, E., Said, R., Sátori, G., Bozoki, T., Bor, J., Atkinson, M., Beggan, C., Cummer, S., Lyu, F., Fain, B., Hobara, Y., Koloskov, A., Kulak, A., McCraty, R., Mlynarczyk, J., Montanya, J., Moore, R., Neska, M., ortega, pascal, Price, C., Rawat, R., Sato, M., Sinha, A., Yampolski, Y., Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU), Geodetic and Geophysical Research Institute (GGRI), Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences [Budapest], Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA)-Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA), Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace (LPC2E), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Electrical Engineering Departement, Technical University of Catalogna, emlyon business school, Géopôle du Pacifique Sud (GePaSUD), Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF), Indian Institute of Geomagnetism [Navi Mumbai, India] (IIG), AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Benson-Rumiz, Alicia, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, and PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)

Subjects
Daily global lightning activity, Africa, [SDU.STU] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2018

14. Two-dimensional spectroscopy: Theory of nonstationary, time-dependent absorption and its application to femtosecond processes.

Author

Fain, B., Lin, S. H., and Hamer, N.

Subjects
*PHOTODISSOCIATION, *EXCITED state chemistry, *MOLECULES
Abstract

In this paper, we present a formalism for a generalized linear susceptibility applicable to femtosecond (fs) processes. As an application, we analyze the recent experimental results of the real-time fs transition spectra of the photodissociation of NaI and NaBr reported by Zewail et al. In this connection we also investigate in general the behaviors of decaying and trapping of the molecule in an excited electronic state coupled to a continuum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
1989
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15. Application of the density matrix method to multiphoton ionization of molecules.

Author

Boeglin, A., Fain, B., and Lin, S. H.

Subjects
*MULTIPHOTON processes, *IONIZATION (Atomic physics), *MOLECULES, *PHOTOIONIZATION
Abstract

In this paper we shall apply the density matrix method to study the one-photon ionization and two-photon ionization of molecules. Fano’s results for one-photon autoionization will be reproduced by this formalism. It will be shown that the existence of autoionization states will interfere with the determination of ionization thresholds of molecules by using the photoionization method if the autoionization state is located near the ionization threshold. It will also be shown that the density matrix method can treat two-color photoionization spectroscopy and the excited state lifetime measurement by multiphoton ionization method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
1986
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19. Determination of optimal Chebyshev-expanded hydrophobic discrimination function for globular proteins

Author

Fain, B., Xia, Y., and Levitt, M.

Subjects
Computational biology -- Research, Computation laboratories -- Research, Protein folding -- Analysis, Mathematical models -- Usage, Chebyshev approximation -- Usage, Mathematical optimization -- Usage
Abstract

We describe the development of a scoring function designed to model the hydrophobic effect in protein folding. An optimization technique is used to determine the best functional form of the hydrophobic potential. The scoring function is expanded using the Chebyshev polynomials, for which the coefficients are determined by minimizing the Z-score of native structures in the ensembles of alternate conformations. (The Z-score is the score relative to the mean, measured in units of standard deviation.) The derived effective potential is tested on decoy sets conventionally used in such studies. The function is able to discriminate very well between correct and incorrect folds, despite the fact that it simply counts the number of neighbors of each amino acid. Our results show that the techniques of Z-score optimization and Chebyshev expansion work, and work well. Our results also confirm that hydrophobic effect is one of the principal driving forces in protein folding.

Published
2001

20. Phonon-assisted energy-transfer process in a bottlenecked lattice

Author

Pines-Rojansky D and Fain B

Subjects
Physics, Condensed matter physics, Phonon, Energy transfer, Atomic physics
Abstract

Ce phenomene se refere a une situation dans laquelle les phonons du reseau interagissent plus fortement avec un systeme de transfert d'energie de meme difference d'energie, qu'avec leur environnement thermique. L'analyse est faite entre les impuretes ayant des niveaux d'energie, elargis de facon inhomogene

Published
1990

23. Prevalencia de Escherichia coli enterohemorrágico en una zona ganadera de Argentina: Caracterización genotípica de las cepas de origen animal

Author

Valeria Prado J, Juan Carlos Fain B, Noemi Borda O, Maritza Ríos V, Telma Gambandé G, and Rodolfo Notario P

Subjects
Serotype, Toxin, business.industry, Hemolysin, General Medicine, Biology, biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition, medicine.disease_cause, bacterial infections and mycoses, Escherichia coli infections, Virology, Microbiology, Bacterial adhesin, Escherichia coli 0157, Zoonosis, Plasmid, fluids and secretions, STX2, medicine, bacteria, Animals, Livestock, business, Escherichia coli, Disease Reservoirs
Abstract

Background: There is a high prevalence of infection by Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) and patients with hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) in Argentina. Aim: To study cattle and pigs as a possible reservoir of EHEC in Argentina. Material and methods: One hundred two healthy animals (68 cattles and 31 pigs) from a livestock in Argentina, were studied. Stool samples were obtained with a rectal swab. The strains were identified by DNA hybridization with specific gene probes detecting Shiga-like toxin 1 and 2 (Stx1, Stx2), and hly gen related to fimbrial adhesin-associated plasmid. EHEC strains were serogrouped using comercial antisera. Results: EHEC was isolated from 30 out of 68 bovines cultures (44.1%) and from 25 out of 31 pigs (58.1%). Isolates carrying genes codifying both Stx1 and Sxt2, were observed in 50% of cattle and 63.9% of pigs. The gene which codifies for hemolysin (associated to fimbrial adhesin) was observed in about 41% of EHEC isolates. Strains belonging to serogroups O26, O111, and O157 were isolated from cattle, and O111, and O157 from pigs. Conclusions: The high percentage of EHEC in both cattle and pigs and the presence of human infection-associated serogroups, suggests that these animals are a reservoir of EHEC associated with disease in humans (Rev Med Chile 2000; 128: 1335-41).

Published
2000

24. Prevalencia de Escherichia coli enterohemorrágico en una zona ganadera de Argentina: Caracterización genotípica de las cepas de origen animal

Author

Notario P, Rodolfo, Fain B, Juan Carlos, Prado J, Valeria, Ríos V, Maritza, Borda O, Noemi, and Gambandé G, Telma

Subjects
Escherichia coli 0157, Zoonosis, fluids and secretions, bacteria, Animals, biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition, bacterial infections and mycoses, Escherichia coli infections, Disease Reservoirs
Abstract

Background: There is a high prevalence of infection by Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) and patients with hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) in Argentina. Aim: To study cattle and pigs as a possible reservoir of EHEC in Argentina. Material and methods: One hundred two healthy animals (68 cattles and 31 pigs) from a livestock in Argentina, were studied. Stool samples were obtained with a rectal swab. The strains were identified by DNA hybridization with specific gene probes detecting Shiga-like toxin 1 and 2 (Stx1, Stx2), and hly gen related to fimbrial adhesin-associated plasmid. EHEC strains were serogrouped using comercial antisera. Results: EHEC was isolated from 30 out of 68 bovines cultures (44.1%) and from 25 out of 31 pigs (58.1%). Isolates carrying genes codifying both Stx1 and Sxt2, were observed in 50% of cattle and 63.9% of pigs. The gene which codifies for hemolysin (associated to fimbrial adhesin) was observed in about 41% of EHEC isolates. Strains belonging to serogroups O26, O111, and O157 were isolated from cattle, and O111, and O157 from pigs. Conclusions: The high percentage of EHEC in both cattle and pigs and the presence of human infection-associated serogroups, suggests that these animals are a reservoir of EHEC associated with disease in humans (Rev Méd Chile 2000; 128: 1335-41).

Published
2000

25. Efficient single photon source at telecommunication wavelength

Author

Elvira, D, Braive, R, Hostein, R, Larque, M, Fain, B, Beaudoin, G, Le Gratiet, L, Lalanne, P, Maksymov, Ivan, Elvira, D, Braive, R, Hostein, R, Larque, M, Fain, B, Beaudoin, G, Le Gratiet, L, Lalanne, P, and Maksymov, Ivan

Published
2011

28. Efficient single photon source at telecommunication wavelength

Author

Elvira, D., primary, Braive, R., additional, Hostein, R., additional, Larque, M., additional, Fain, B., additional, Beaudoin, G., additional, Le Gratiet, L., additional, Girard, J. C., additional, David, C., additional, Wang, Z. Z., additional, Robert-Philip, I., additional, Abram, I., additional, Sagnes, I., additional, Beveratos, A., additional, Maksymov, I.S., additional, Besbes, M., additional, Hugonin, J. P., additional, and Lalanne, P., additional

Published
2011
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29. Selective growth of site-controlled Quantum Dots

Author

Gogneau, N., primary, Fain, B., additional, Le Gratiet, L., additional, Patriarche, G., additional, Largeau, L., additional, Beaudoin, G., additional, Ulysse, C., additional, Elvira, D., additional, Braive, R., additional, Beveratos, A., additional, Robert-Philip, I., additional, and Sagnes, I., additional

Published
2011
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30. Automatic classification of protein structure by using Gauss integrals

Author

Røgen, Peter, Fain, B., Røgen, Peter, and Fain, B.

Abstract

We introduce a method of looking at, analyzing, and comparing protein structures. The topology of a protein is captured by 30 numbers inspired by Vassiliev knot invariants. To illustrate the simplicity and power of this topological approach, we construct a measure (scaled Gauss metric, SGM) of similarity of protein shapes. Under this metric, protein chains naturally separate into fold clusters. We use SGM to construct an automatic classification procedure for the CATH2.4 database. The method is very fast because it requires neither alignment of the chains nor any chain-chain comparison. It also has only one adjustable parameter. We assign 95.51% of the chains into the proper C (class), A (architecture), T (topology), and H (homologous superfamily) fold, find all new folds, and detect no false geometric positives. Using the SGM, we display a "map" of the space of folds projected onto two dimensions, show the relative locations of the major structural classes, and "zoom into" the space of proteins to show architecture, topology, and fold clusters. The existence of a simple measure of a protein fold computed from the chain path will have a major impact on automatic fold classification.

Published
2003

49. Discretization of Electronic States in Large InAsP/InP Multilevel Quantum Dots Probed by Scanning Tunneling Spectroscopy.

Author

Fain, B., Robert-Philip, I., Beveratos, A., David, C., Wang, Z. Z., Sagnes, I., and Girard, J. C.

Subjects
*QUANTUM dots, *SCANNING tunneling microscopy, *ELECTRONIC structure, *CROSS-sectional method, *SPECTRUM analysis, *WAVE functions
Abstract

The topography and the electronic structure of InAsP/InP quantum dots are probed by cross-sectional scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy. The study of the local density of states in such large quantum dots confirms the discrete nature of the electronic levels whose wave functions are measured by differential conductivity mapping. Because of their large dimensions, the energy separation between the discrete electronic levels is low, allowing for quantization in both the lateral and growth directions as well as the observation of the harmonicity of the dot lateral potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2012
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