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Unlabelled: Thoracic actinomycosis is a rare disease, with high morbidity related to delayed diagnosis., Objectives: To identify and analyse paediatric thoracic actinomycosis to promote earlier diagnosis., Design: A 10-year descriptive retrospective review (1999-2008). Clinical, biological, and radiological data were collected and compared to identify common signs., Results: Three patients were identified. The time to diagnosis varied from 4 months to 3 years. Fever, asthenia, pain, weight loss, and sweats were the most common complaints. A predisposing factor was systematically observed. Irregular subpleural nodules were revealed with an infiltrative aspect. Definitive diagnosis was always histological., Conclusion: Actinomycosis should be sought in patients with asthenia and weight loss, local pain, when chest radiological evidence of distal nodules is observed with a non-specific biologic inflammatory syndrome. At this time, anaerobic bacteriological tests and histology should be performed., (Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)