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Background: Two intra‐coronal preparation designs with varying extensions of cuspal coverage can perform differently regarding their fracture resistance against introral forces. Methods: Two materials (IPS e‐max CAD [EX], VITA ENAMIC [EN]), and two different preparation designs (EX‐D1), (EX‐D2), (EN‐D1), and (EN‐D2) were investigated to compare their fracture resistance. A total of 40 (n = 40) caries free human mandibular molars were used. All the prepared samples were scanned using CEREC Omnicam scanner and the preparations were checked by the software for any sharpness and undercuts before restoration designing and fabrication. All restorations were milled using Cerec MCXL 4.4 milling machine. Duo‐Link resin cement was used for cementation. After thermocycling and chewing simulation, all samples were loaded in the Universal testing machine in order to evaluate fracture resistance of all samples. Results: Fracture resistance testing revealed that e‐max CAD (2134 N) showed statistically significantly higher mean fracture resistance values than Vita Enamic (1728 N). On the other hand, there was no statistically significant difference between mean fracture resistances between the two tested designs. Conclusions: Within the confines of this investigation, it can be said that although preparation design had no appreciable impact on fracture resistance, the CAD/CAM ceramic material utilized did. Clinical Significance: When restoring compound cavitties indirectly; a conservative defect oriented approach should be used. Glass Ceramic are prefered as restorative material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of three two-retainer designs of a resin-bonded fixed dental prosthesis (RBFDP) on fracture resistance.Materials and Methods: A total of 21 three-unit, all-ceramic RBFPDs were fabricated to replace a missing maxillary lateral incisor. The prostheses were divided into three groups of 7 each: Group L (labial RBFPD); Group ML (modified labial RBFPD, fabricated the same as in Group L with additional preparation that included a shallow proximal groove at the pontic side); and Group P, an all-ceramic palatal RBFPD that acted as control. Preparations were done on the maxillary left central incisor and canine of a typodont model, and 21 epoxy resin models were duplicated for the three groups. The RBFPDs were designed using CAD software and constructed using the heat-pressed technique, after which the prostheses were bonded to their corresponding epoxy resin model according to the manufacturer's instructions. A fracture resistance test was performed on all specimens following aging. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA.Results: The highest fracture load values were recorded in Group P (547.5 N), followed by Group ML (462.6 N) and then Group L (418.3 N). The difference among the three designs was not statistically significant (F = 2.5, P = 0.1).Conclusion: Both labial and modified labial RBFDPs could be a viable alternative treatment option for replacement of missing maxillary lateral incisors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common female endocrine disorders, which affect about 5%-10% of women worldwide during their reproductive age of 12-45 years. In addition, it can affect a woman's menstrual cycle, fertility, hormones, and aspects of her appearance. Aim: To evaluate the educational program and its effect on knowledge and lifestyles among paramedical students with polycystic ovarian syndrome. Setting: The study conducted at two government colleges in Jordan. Study Design: A Quasi- experimental (pre-test and post-test) design. Sample: A purposive sample. Size: 68 students who confirmed with PCOS. Tools: Identification of students with PCOS tool, Assessment of lifestyle habits tool, POCS structured interviewing questionnaire tool, follow up sheet, and Psychological assessment tool. Results: The present study findings revealed that a highly significant improvement in knowledge and lifestyle among the studied sample pre intervention compared to post and follow-up intervention P < 0.01. Additionally, 91.2% of the study sample feels improving regarding the knowledge which included in the educational program. Conclusion: The present study findings a significant improvement among studied sample' knowledge and lifestyles post intervention. Also, the majority among the studied sample were feeling improve regarding the knowledge which included in the educational program. Recommendations: Applying screening program for PCOS in young students is a very important to reduce the long-term health complications associated with PCOS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was undertaken to assess the influence of three-veneering materials on the marginal fit, fracture resistance, and failure pattern of In-Ceram alumina crowns. Forty In-Ceram cores were constructed and divided into four groups of ten each. Ten alumina cores were left unveneered, forming the first group for core testing, while the other 30 copings were divided into three groups depending on the veneering material used. The vertical marginal gaps of the alumina copings were measured before and after veneer placement at 16 sites using an optical microscope. The specimens were then loaded to fracture at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min. Fractured specimens were examined, and the fracture patterns of the crowns were recorded. Selected specimens were examined using scanning electron microscope. Data were presented as means and standard deviation values. One-way ANOVA was used to compare between mean gap areas and fracture resistance of the three materials. Duncan's post hoc test was used for pairwise comparison between the means when ANOVA test was significant. Vitadur-N-veneered crowns showed statistically the highest mean vertical gaps, while no significant difference was evident between the marginal fits of Vitadur-α- and VM7-veneered crowns. Regarding the strength, a statistically significant decrease in fracture resistance of the cores was evident after veneering with Vitadur-N; however, no significant change in mean fracture resistance value of Vitadur-α- and VM7-veneered crowns was evident compared to the alumina cores. VM7-veneered crowns showed the highest fracture resistance values. Vitadur-N-veneered crowns showed the highest mean vertical gaps and the lowest mean fracture resistance values of the tested groups, while VM7-veneered crowns combined the highest fracture resistance values and clinically acceptable margins. The best interface quality and finest ceramic texture were evident in case of VM7 material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction (POCD) refers to the condition of neurocognitive decline following surgery in a cognitive and sensory manner. There are several risk factors, which may be life-threatening for this condition. Neuropsychological assessment of this condition is very important. In the present review, we discuss the association of apolipoprotein epsilon 4 (APOE ε4) and few miRNAs with POCD, and highlight the clinical importance for prognosis, diagnosis and treatment of POCD. Microarray is a genome analysis that can be used to determine DNA abnormalities. This current technique is rapid, efficient and high-throughout. Microarray techniques are widely used to diagnose diseases, particularly in genetic disorder, chromosomal abnormalities, mutations, infectious diseases and disease-relevant biomarkers. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of non-coding RNAs that are widely found distributed in eukaryotes. Few miRNAs influence the nervous system development, and nerve damage repair. Microarray approach can be utilized to understand the miRNAs involved and their pathways in POCD development, unleashing their potential to be considered as a diagnostic marker for POCD. This paper summarizes and identifies the studies that use microarray based approaches for POCD analysis. Since the application of microarray in POCD is expanding, there is a need to review the current knowledge of this approach., (Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.)