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Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) are considered major and important globally vegetable crops and in Egypt in particular. Tissue culture techniques have encouraged the utilization of mutation methods in crop improvement. The mutation induction in vegetative crops through tissue culture may be the optimal method to improve these crops. Induced genetic variation in tomato plantlets by using gamma radiation and identified these changes through SCoT and ISSR markers. Egyptian tomato cultivar Idkawy explant was cultured onto MS medium supplemented with 0.2 mg-l BAP. The resulted plantlets were irradiated with γ radiation doses (50, 100, 150, 200 or 250 Gy). The survival, growth rate, and mean of shoot length were decreased with increasing gamma radiation dose. The irradiated plantlets survival percentages were ranged from 78.75% to (50 Gy) and 18.75% to (250 Gy), whereas, the shoot length decreased by a rate of 2.71 cm for the dose (50 Gy) and 1.2 cm for dose (250 Gy). Genetic diversity was evaluated by SCoT and ISSR markers using ten primers for each. It was noticed that the polymorphism percentage mean of SCoT marker (60.53%) is higher than the ISSR marker (39.6). The PIC values average for both markers SCoT and ISSR were 0.429 and 0.347, as well, MI values were 0.345 and 0.156, respectively. On the other hand, the effective no. of alleles (Ne), Nei's genetic diversity (H) and Shannon's information index (I) parameters, it was found that the dose 100 Gy caused the highest genetic variation compared with other doses using SCoT marker, however, in ISSR marker was dose of 150 Gy the highest dose for induced genetic variation. The obtained results demonstrate that SCoT marker was more accurate and efficient than ISSR marker for distinguishing and genetic variation analysis of irradiated tomato plantlets. The relationships within treatments were assessed through cluster analysis (UPGMA) based on SCoT and ISSR analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of African Journal of Biological Sciences is the property of African Journal of Biological Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Arab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences is the property of Arab Universities Union of Agricultural Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Biochemical genetic analysis (proteinand isozymes) and molecular geneticanalysis (RAPD-PCR) were applied toassess the impact of somaclonal variationsin the three barley genotypes (El-Kasr,G130 and G126). Biochemicalgenetic analysis (protein andisozymes) and molecular genetic analysis(RAPD-PCR) were applied to studysomaclonal variations in three barley genotypes(El-Kasr, G130 and G126). Biochemicaland molecular genetic analysis of protein,isozymes and RAPD-PCR proved tobe efficient tools for detecting the occurrenceof somaclonal variation in the threebarley genotypes El-kasr, G126 and G130. [Extracted from the article]

The result of Table (5) showedhigh mean percentage of shoot formationformed by intact mature embryos of genotype(El-Kasr) on the three media (22%).This was followed by the mean percentageof shoots of the two genotypes (Giza126and Giza130), respectively, (11% and5%), on the three media. Molecular analysis PCR analysis Total genomic DNA from leafsamples of putatively transgenic plantsresulting from transformation experimentsof mature embryos or calli explants wereanalyzed by PCR using AFP-specific primers. The PCR showed bands correspondingto the expected size 300 bp forpartial length of the AFP gene, and theexpected size 300 bp for partial length ofGUS gene (Fig. SUMMARY Transformation of barley based onthe infection of mature embryos with Agrobacteriumtumefactions system used fortransformation of explantsEl-Kasrgenotype using the strain harbors thepITB-AFP plasmid vector which containsdefensin (AFP) gene, hygromycin phosphortransferase (hpt) and -glucuronidase(GUS) genes as selectable and markergenes. [Extracted from the article]

Background: Peripheral neuropathy (PN) is a prominent complication in persons with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and has a major influence on morbidity. Emerging evidence suggests that elevated plasma fibrinogen (FIB) levels, which are indicative of inflammation and coagulation, may be linked to various diabetic complications. Nevertheless, there hasn't been much research done on the connection between PN and plasma fibrinogen levels in T2DM. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the correlation between plasma fibrinogen levels and the presence of PN in patients with T2DM. Patients and methods: A cross-sectional study that included 120 patients diagnosed with T2DM. They were divided into 2 equal groups: Group I contained 60 patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) and group II that involved 60 patients without DPN. Results: The study revealed a significant increase in serum fibrinogen levels in patients with diabetic neuropathy. Those with diabetic neuropathy had a mean fibrinogen level of 11.585 ± 4.256, compared to 1.798 ± 0.566 in patients without neuropathy (p-value < 0.001). Furthermore, the study indicated that plasma fibrinogen levels were significantly higher in patients with severe diabetic neuropathy, with a mean of 14.813 ± 3.713, followed by those with moderate neuropathy (mean 10.315 ± 2.562), and the lowest levels were observed in patients with mild neuropathy (mean 8.331 ± 3.558), with a p-value of 0.001. Conclusion: Increased plasma fibrinogen levels are substantially related with DPN in patients with T2DM. These results indicate that plasma fibrinogen could potentially act as a biomarker for identifying T2DM patients who are at increased risk of developing PN. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Retrotransposons comprise the major part of eukaryotic genomes. They have the ability to replicate themselves through RNA intermediate via reverse transcription process. During normal development, these elements become quiescent, but they are stimulated by stresses. The availability of PCR-based techniques to detect the variation in retrotransposition rate due to salinity was tested. IRAP and SCoT markers were applied in two salinity-tolerant eukaryotic genomes: Yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae L.) and Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). The genomes of the yeast strain EMCC49 and two barley cultivars Giza-123 and Giza2000 were extracted. Five IRAP primers with two combinations and nine SCoT primers were applied. The yeast strain was grown in the YPG media with 0.5 M, 1 M, 1.5 M NaCl or the control. The barley cultivars were irrigated with 0.25 M, 0.6 M NaCl or just distilled water. IRAP technique developed three markers in the yeast under the different levels of salinity. ScM1 IRAP primer showed a band with molecular size of 456 bp in the yeast under 0.5 and 1.5 M only. Another band with molecular size of 409 bp appeared under the control and disappeared in all salinity treatments. The third IRAP marker was shown by the ScM2 primer with molecular size of 1952 bp under the 0.5 M treatment. While, two IRAP markers appeared in barley due to high salt conditions. The 5'LTR IRAP primer showed an 886 bp band in the barley cultivar Giza2000 under the control condition only. Sukkula IRAP primer displayed the second IRAP marker in the cultivar Giza-2000 of barley with molecular size of 330 bp under the 0.6 M only. SCoT markers showed 17 markers in the response of salinity stress in yeast with molecular sizes ranged from 1911 to 271 bp with SCoT 31 and SCoT 26 primers, respectively. SCoT 26 primer gave the highest number of markers per SCoT primer (five different markers). In barley, 18 SCoT markers were detected under high salt conditions. They molecular sizes were between 1762 (SCoT 26) and 281 bp (SCoT 7). SCoT 32 primer showed five markers in barley under salinity as the highest number of markers per SCoT primer. The results showed different patterns between control and treatments and the high levels of salinity led to new retrotransposition. This study confirmed that PCR techniques; like IRAP and SCoT can exhibit the activation of retrotransposition due to high salt conditions. Good positive results were obtained and we recommend using these techniques for different molecular purposes due to their advantage; easy, fast, cheap and effectiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Arab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences is the property of Arab Universities Union of Agricultural Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Arab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences is the property of Arab Universities Union of Agricultural Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Arab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences is the property of Arab Universities Union of Agricultural Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Arab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences is the property of Arab Universities Union of Agricultural Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

RT-PCR was conducted for four genes implicated for salt tolerance, oxidative and osmotic stresses in Egyptian gray mangroves within Nabq protected area in South Sinai Governorate. The results showed over-expression of the mRNA of ferritin (amFer1) gene as very high expression, followed by increase in mRNA of superoxide dismutase (amSOD1) and ubiquitin conjugation2 (amUBC2). At the same time gene expression of catalase (amCAT1) decreased. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article highlights the study related to the isolation and identification of key genes controlling salt tolerance in grey mangrove. Topics discussed include information on the toxic effects of salt stress on the plants; discussions on the metabolic changes due to the salt stress in plants such as the loss of chloroplast activity, decreased photosynthetic rate and increase photorespiration rate; and the information on the importance of the antioxidant enzymes in dealing with salt stress.

The article offers information on the study related to the determination of genotoxic effects of some food additives on some human cancer cells by flow cytometry analysis. Topics discussed include information on the improve preservation or sensory qualities of exposing consumers to poisoning and other health hazards; d.iscussions on the toxic effects of saffron and its constituents as a chemo-preventive herb; and the information on the use of the flow cytometry analysis.

The article offers information on the study related to the impact of si-RNA features on its fidelity and efficiency in targeting soluble acid invertase gene in sugarcane. Topics discussed include information on the use of Small interfering RNA and microRNA as approaches for crop improvement; discussions on using gene silencing through transcriptional or post-transcriptional processes; and the information on the regulating the expression of soluble acid invertase enzyme in sugarcane varieties.

The article offers information on the functional genomic profiling of drought responsive Micro-RNA in Wheat. Topics discussed include information on the drought as the major abiotic stresses that affect wheat production; discussions on the post transcription regulation as the most powerful mechanisms of gene regulation; and the information on the study provides a comprehensive analysis of these miRNAs expressed in leaves of bread wheat in response to drought stress.

Objective This article investigates the frequency of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) seropositivity and its association with the severity of new-onset acute ischemic stroke (AIS) among previously healthy children with asymptomatic/mild coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Methods A case–control study that included children < 18 years with out-of-hospital AIS of undetermined etiology and a control group of healthy children. Exclusion criteria were current respiratory symptoms, previous COVID-19 diagnosis, prior COVID-19 vaccination, active SARS-CoV-2 infection, history of hospital admission in the last 6 months, and having a stroke predisposition. We screened children for SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin G antibodies using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The severity of stroke was evaluated using the Pediatric National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (PedNIHSS). Results The current study included 25 children (15 males and 10 females; median age 24 months) with out-of-hospital AIS and 25 healthy controls (11 males and 14 females; median age 24 months). SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity was detected in 15 (60%) of AIS children and 11 (44%) among controls (p = 0.258). Compared with seronegative AIS children, those seropositive for SARS-CoV-2 had higher PedNIHSS scores (median 19 vs. 8.5; p = 0.001), pediatric intensive care unit admission (93.3% vs. 40%; p = 0.007), need for mechanical ventilation (53.3% vs. 10%; p = 0.040), and D-dimer levels (median 3.5 vs. 1.75 μg/mL; p < 0.001). Conclusion SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity may be associated with more severe AIS affecting previously healthy children during the postacute phase of asymptomatic/mildly symptomatic COVID-19. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ataxia Telangiectasia (AT) is a very rare autosomal recessive primary immune deficiency (PID) disease that affects 1 in 10,000-40,000 new births per year in the world. It is caused by biallelic mutations in ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) gene and characterized by a progressive cerebellar ataxia. The clinical profile of AT children in Upper Egypt in missing. Herein, we evaluated the clinical characteristics and immunological profiles of patients with AT attending Sohag University Hospital. This was a cross-sectional study, included 21 AT patients attending the Neurological and Immunological Units, Pediatric Department, Sohag University Hospital, starting April 2018 to the end of March 2019. AT represented 20.5% of all PID patients attending the hospital. The most common type of humoral immune deficiency in patients with AT was specific IgA deficiency (52.3%) followed by hypogammaglobulinemia (23.8%). Recurrent sinopulmonary infection with different degrees of severity was the common immunological problem. The most common neurological manifestations in our studied patients, other than the ataxia, were language delay and eye movement abnormalities followed by developmental delay and head nodding. None of our patients had developed malignancy till the end of the study., (Copyright© by the Egyptian Association of Immunologists.)