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Nowadays, the main barriers facing organic solar cells (OSCs) from being commercialized and widely applied are their weak thermal stability and reproducibility problems. To tackle these problems, researchers usually consider various strategies which include modification in the devices architectural design, utilizing low energy gap materials, functionalizing their active layers, and the use of various optimization procedures. In this research work, we are specifically focused on the utilization of a small molecular organometallic, tris(hydroxyquinoline)gallium (Gaq3), as a secondary acceptor dopant, aiming at improving thermal stability, and reproducibility of OSCs. All-solution processed technique with the help of spin coater was used to deposit the active layer of the devices. Results showed that the addition of 29% molar fraction of Gaq3 into the devices active layer has considerably improved the thermal stability, photo-absorption, and reproducibly of the solar cells thanks to the excellent thermal stability and electron mobility of Gaq3 molecules. Our devices based on DH6T: PCBM:Gaq3 performed highest stable performance at 180°C, implying higher thermal stability compared to that of the reported P3HT: PCBM:F8BT and PTB7:PCBM: F8BT based solar cells. In spite of improved reproducibility, the efficiency of the devices was increased by 5.8 times compared to that of the control ones.

In this study, a three-phase hybrid approach is proposed for the selection and classification of high dimensional microarray data. The method uses Pearson’s Correlation Coefficient (PCC) in combination with Binary Particle Swarm Optimization (BPSO) or Genetic Algorithm (GA) along with various classifiers, thereby forming a PCC-BPSO/GA-multi classifiers approach. As such, five various classifiers are employed in the final stage of the classification. It was noticed that the PCC filter showed a remarkable improvement in the classification accuracy when it was combined with BPSO or GA. This positive impact was seen to be varied for different datasets based on the final applied classifier. The performance of various combination of the hybrid technique was compared in terms of accuracy and number of selected genes. In addition to the fact that BPSO is working faster than GA, it was noticed that BPSO has better performance than GA when it is combined with PCC feature selection.

In this work, the impacts of thermal treatment on the optical, structural and photovoltaic properties of ternary organic solar cells based on DH6T:Gaq3:PC61BM are investigated in the temperature range from 413 to 493 K. The addition of Gaq3 organometallic material as a secondary acceptor is to boost the performance and reproducibility of the devices. The results showed an increased crystallinity, improved photo-absorption and decreased photoluminescence response for the active layers upon annealing to up to 453 K, which was accompanied by the enhancement in the overall photovoltaic performance of the devices by about 11%. A non-monotonic change in the open circuit voltage (V oc ), short circuit current (I sc ) and fill factor (FF) was noticed due to temperature changes. A reasonable batch-to-batch reproducibility was achieved, accentuating a stable operation of the devices under thermal variations.

The optoelectronic parameters of tris (8-hydroxyquinoline) gallium (Gaq3) films were tuned by means of post-deposition thermal annealing under nitrogen gas. Nanostructure evolution was seen to play a vital role in the variation of the optoelectronics parameters of these films. The results showed an increased refractive index from 1.53 to ultra-high refractive index of 5.45, along with a maximized dielectric constant of 13.92 and optical conductivity of 56.31 S/cm when the films were annealed at 235 °C. At higher annealing temperature of 255 °C, a decreased trend was noticed for the aforementioned optoelectronic parameters and the grown amorphous nanorods were completely degraded, which has led to the formation of crystalline portions. The results were interpreted in terms of molecular packing density and structural variations. The investigated Gaq3 films were seen to obey Wemple–DiDomenico single oscillator model to provide information regarding the band gap and its strength. The achieved results are greatly important for the application of OLED displays technology and their performance improvement.

Improvement in the overall performance of solution-processed organic solar cells based on a ternary heterostructure was realized by means of incorporating small molecules of tris(8-hydroxyquinoline) gallium (Gaq3) or Alq3 electron acceptors. The donor host polymer was α,ω-dihexyl-sexithiophene (DH6T), while the ultimate acceptor was fullerene (PC61BM). The results showed that short circuit current (ISc), open circuit voltage (Voc), and fill factor (FF) of the devices were pronouncedly enhanced by the inclusion of Gaq3 or Alq3. The maximum output power and conversion efficiency of the ternary devices were increased by an order of 5.8 times compared to that of the control devices. These improvements were ascribed to the broadened light absorption, energy levels alignment between the donor-acceptor components, a balanced charge transfer, and increased crystallinity of the devices active layer. The results were ascertained and analyzed by means of UV–Vis, PL, XRD, IV and TEM investigations.

In the present study, poly{4,8-bis[5-(2-ethylhexyl)thiophen-2-yl]benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene-2,6-diyl-alt-3-fluoro-2-[(2-ethylhexyl)carbonyl]thieno[3,4-b]thiophene-4,6-diyl} (PTB7-Th) was used to fabricate a novel Al/PTB7-Th/n-Si metal-polymer-semiconductor (MPS) Schottky barrier diode (SBD). The Al/PTB7-Th/n-Si MPS SBD was prepared by employing a spin-coating system and a thermal evaporator for the deposition of PTB7-Th thin film and metal contacts, respectively. The electrical properties of the Al/PTB7-Th/n-Si MPS SBD were investigated by current-voltage method at room temperature in order to extract its main electrical parameters such as ideality factor (n), barrier height (Φb0), series resistance (Rs) and shunt resistance (Rsh). The I–V characteristics revealed nonlinear behavior due to the effect of Rs and ideality factor larger than unity. From the I–V curves, the values of ideality factor and barrier height of the diode were found to be 3.5 and 0.58 eV, respectively. The electrical parameters were verified by Cheung’s and Norde’s functions. The parameters determined by all the three methods were found to be in great agreement. The conduction mechanism of the diode was also studied. The simple and cost effective approach used for the fabrication of Al/PTB7-Th/n-Si MPS SBD demonstrates its potential for being used in the state-of-the-art high-quality electronic and optoelectronic devices.

In this work the impact of sunlight intensity and ambient temperature on the inorganic solar panels in winter climate (22 November 2015) at Sarwchawa, Kurdistan Region, Iraq was carried out. A maximum intensity of sunlight (106.25 klux) was reached at 12:00 PM. However, beyond 12:00 PM the intensity showed a non-monotonic change behavior. This was ascribed to the change of sun position, its orientation and the direction at which the surface of the panel is illuminated. Results showed that the increase of sunlight intensity has made Isc to increase, while that of the Voc remains relatively unchanged. The reason why Isc is more affected by the sunlight intensity was understood from the fact that charge carriers acquire enough kinetic energy to move towards their corresponding electrodes before they relapse or recombine together, while as Voc is mostly correlated to the energy gap. There was a trivial decrement of efficiency with the increase of temperature. This was where the FF showeda reverse trend of increment with the increase of temperature. Noteworthy, at the points where the fill factor was decreased the efficiency was increased and vice versa.

In this research work, the optical absorption and photo-current characteristics of black grape, strawberry and orange solutions were investigated. The solutions were extracted from fresh fruits and UV-V is spectrophotometer was utilized to record the absorption spectra of the samples. Besides, the photo-current properties were investigated via current-voltage characteristics of the fruit solutions under illumination. The results showed that energy gaps of the fruits are located within the visible spectrum. Energy gap of 1.84eV was found for the black grape, 2.11eV for strawberry and 3.10eV for the orange solution. The broad absorption spectra for black grape and strawberry have proved the fruits capability to harvest solar energy. Additionally, the enhanced photo-current activity of the fruit solutions under light suggested their potential application for the organic and/or dyes solar cells

This research work reports on the optical and photovoltaic performance of dihexyl-sexithiophene (DH6T) doped with various molar percentages of tris-8-hydroxyquinolinate aluminium (Alq3) dissolved in chloroform/hexane cosolvent. Films of DH6T(1-x)Alq3(x) composite have been produced by casting technique aiming at investigating their absorption edge energies (Eabs) and hence identifying the optimum content of Alq3. It was found that by introducing a controlled amount of Alq3, the value of Eabs can be tuned from 2.69 eV to 1.76 eV. An empirical equation was derived to fit the obtained experimental data, by which an optimum Eabs at molar concentration of (x 􀀁 25%) was predicted. Finally, organic solar cells based on the optimum active layer content were fabricated and tested. Comparably, it was observed that the photovoltaic performance of the DH6T:Alq3 based devices is much better than that achieved for the DH6T:PCBM based ones. Efficiency and fill factor for the devices based on DH6T(0.75)Alq3(0.25) active layer were found to be 0.22% and 26.5%, respectively, while those for DH6T:PCBM based devices were about 0.01% and 24%, respectively.

In this research work a small thermal engine was utilized for generation of electrical energy and its operation was analyzed in terms of the output performance with various external load resistances and different flywheel rotations. It was seen from the results that with increase of the external load there is a less considerable increase in voltage. It has been observed that by an increasing the external load from 100 Ω to about 2000 Ω, a rapid decrease in the output power is occurred. However, beyond a specific value of about 2000 Ω the decrease in the electrical power is relatively small. It was obvious from the results of output voltage, current and power with respect to the increase in hot air temperature (T1) that these physical quantities are increased at a constant rate for specific range of temperatures, from 185 °C to about 240 °C. It was worth mentioning that at higher temperatures the rate of increase in output voltage was reduced, implying that the expansion rate of hot air is getting saturated and the rotating speed of the flywheel reached its maximum capability to generate electricity.

In this work a new solution processable small organic material, namely 2,2′-bithiophene end-capped dihexyloxy phenylene pentamer (BHBT2) was synthesized, characterized and applied in the fabrication of an organic ultraviolet photodetector. The material was synthesized via Williamson etherification, bromination and Suzuki coupling. FTIR and NMR spectroscopies were recorded for BHBT2 along with its optical, thermal and electrochemical properties. Finally, BHBT2 was used as donor material to produce a solution-processed UV photodetector based on a BHBT2 : PC61BM organic active layer. Results showed that in forward biasing, the photodetector exhibited a photovoltaic effect with Jsc = 1.80 mA, Voc = 0.66 V, FF = 0.30 and PCE = 0.98%, while in reverse biasing, the photodetector exhibited a fast, reversible and stable response with the highest detectivity of 1.47 × 109 jones. The realization of efficient UV detection was attributed to the strong absorption of BHBT2 and PC61BM in the UV region. Hence, the BHBT2 pentamer coupled with PC61BM can be considered as a potential material to be applied in a solution-processed organic UV photodetector.

In this research work silicon based solar panels were used to investigate the impact of series and parallel shading on the photovoltaic performance of inorganic solar panels. The results showed that voltage, current and power of the solar panels were reduced upon shading the series and parallel cells. This decrement was seen to be larger for the series shading compared to that of the parallel shading. This was attributed to the adverse effect of the series resistance of the shaded cells, which is acted as a bottleneck in front of the passage of current. This was not very effective in the parallel shading because current is readily capable to pass through the illuminated parallel cells and neglect the pathway of parallel shaded cells. From the results, it was concluded that the lower performance of solar panels due to shading effect is because of the change in the internal resistance of the panels. This situation is possible to occur during daily life use of solar panels as a result of the shading by clouds, dusts or trees. Hence, considerable investigation towards solving this problem is of great importance.

In this work the impedance spectroscopy of α,ω-dihexyl-sexithiophene: methanofullerene; [6,6]-phenyl C61 butyric acid methyl ester (DH6T:PCBM) bulk heterojunction with and without incorporating tris (8-hydroxyquinolinate) gallium (Gaq3) was investigated in the frequency range from 50 Hz to 1 MHz. An electrical circuit was proposed to model the experimental results and to fit the data. The results showed that incorporation of Gaq3 has led to improve the interfaces between DH6T:Gaq3:PCBM moieties. The relaxation time for the Gaq3 incorporated heterojunction was found to be larger than that of the non-incorporated Gaq3 one, which implied a greater possibility for electrons and holes to transport before they relapse or recombine together. The dielectric loss in the Gaq3 incorporated DH6T:PCBM was found to be smaller than that of the non-incorporated one. This was attributed to the improved pathway for charge carriers to transport upon the addition of Gaq3. A peak in the dielectric loss was noticed for 25 % Gaq3 doped DHT:PCBM at about 106 Hz, suggesting the occurrence of dipolar relaxation. The results were analyzed and discussed based on the experimental and modelling investigations.

This work reports on the impact of surface modification on the optical absorption and luminescence response of vacuum deposited tris(8-hydroxyquinoline) gallium (Gaq3) films. This surface modification was achieved by means of thermal treatment under nitrogen gas in the temperature range from 85 o C to 255 o C. The results of field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and x-ray diffraction (XRD) technique ascertained the formation of amorphous nano-rods along the surface of Gaq3 films. Considerable improvement in the absorption and luminescence characteristics of Gaq3 films was observed upon surface modification, which has been resulted from this treatment process.

This work reports on the impact of surface morphology on the optical absorption of vacuum deposited tris (8-hydroxyquinoline) gallium (Gaq3) films. Morphological investigation was performed for films treated under nitrogen gas in the temperature range from 85 °C to 255 °C. The results of field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and x-ray diffraction (XRD) technique ascertained the formation of amorphous nanostructures. Considerable modification in the absorption behaviour of Gaq3 films was observed upon morphological changes. The results of these modifications were ascribed to the impact of morphological variations among the surface of Gaq3 films.

In this research work, numerical simulations are performed to correlate the photovoltaic parameters with various internal and external factors influencing the performance of solar cells. Single-diode modeling approach is utilized for this purpose and theoretical investigations are compared with the reported experimental evidences for organic and inorganic solar cells at various electrical and thermal conditions. Electrical parameters include parasitic resistances (Rs and Rp) and ideality factor (n), while thermal parameters can be defined by the cells temperature (T). A comprehensive analysis concerning broad spectral variations in the short circuit current (Isc), open circuit voltage (Voc), fill factor (FF) and efficiency (eta;) is presented and discussed. It was generally concluded that there exists a good agreement between the simulated results and experimental findings. Nevertheless, the controversial consequence of temperature impact on the performance of organic solar cells necessitates the development of a complementary model which is capable of well simulating the temperature impact on these devices performance. This work was financially supported in part by Research University Grant (RUG), UTM Malaysia (Vot:Q.J130000.21A2.03E00), and in part by the University of Human Development Scopus

In this study, solution processed composite films of nickel phthalocyanine (NiPc) and cobalt phthalocyanine (CoPc) are deposited by drop casting and under centrifugal force. The films are deposited on surface-type inter-digitated silver electrodes on ceramic alumina substrates. The effects of illumination on the impedance and capacitance of the NiPc CoPc composite samples are investigated. The samples deposited under centrifugal force show better conductivity than the samples deposited by drop casting technique. In terms of impedance and capacitance sensitivities the samples fabricated under centrifugal force are more sensitive than the drop casting samples. The values of impedance sensitivity (Sz) are equal to (-1.83) MWcm2/mW and (-5.365) MWcm2/mW for the samples fabricated using drop casting and under centrifugal force, respectively. Similarly, the values of capacitance sensitivity (Sc) are equal to 0.083 pFcm2/mW and 0.185 pFcm2/mW for the samples fabricated by drop casting and under centrifugal force. The films deposited using the different procedures could potentially be viable for different operational modes (i.e., conductive or capacitive) of the optical sensors. Both experimental and simulated results are discussed. Scopus

In this work, gene expression in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is analyzed with the goal of selecting the most attributed genes and performing classification. The objective was achieved by utilizing a combination of various statistical filters and a wrapper-based geometric binary particle swarm optimization-support vector machine (GBPSO-SVM) algorithm. The utilization of different filters was accentuated by incorporating a mean and median ratio criterion to remove very similar genes. The results showed that the most discriminative genes that were identified in the first and last selection steps included the presence of a repetitive gene (CAPS2), which was assigned as the gene most highly related to ASD risk. The merged gene subset that was selected by the GBPSO-SVM algorithm was able to enhance the classification accuracy.

In this research article, the influence of environment temperature on the performance of the organic bulk heterojunction organic solar cells has been investigated. We describe the effect of ambient temperature on the efficiency of poly-[2,6-(4,4-bis-(2-ethylhexyl)-4H-cyclopenta-[2,1-b;3,4-b′]dithiophene)-alt-4,7-(2,1,3-benzothiadiazole)] (PCPDTBT) and [6, 6]-phenylC71-butyric-acid-methyl-ester (PC71BM)-based bulk heterojunction (BHJ) organic solar cells. The current–voltage characteristics of the ITO/PEDOT:PSS/PCPDTBT:PC71BM/Al solar cells are recorded in the temperature range of 25–60 °C under 100 mW/cm2 solar irradiation. The short-circuit current (J sc) of the solar cells increased from 4.28 to 9.23 mAcm−2 when the temperature elevated from 25 to 55 °C. However, the open-circuit voltage (V oc) and fill factor (FF) of the cells almost remained unchanged over the whole investigated temperature range. The values of V oc and FF are found to be 0.58 ± 01 and 0.60 ± 0.12 V, respectively. The results clearly indicate that the maximum efficiency of the ITO/PEDOT:PSS/PCPDTBT:PC71BM/Al solar cells can be achieved in the range of 52–58 °C. This publication was made possible by PDRA Grant No. PDRA1-0117-14109 from the Qatar National Research Fund (a member of Qatar Foundation). The findings achieved herein are solely the responsibility of the authors. Scopus

This work reports the optical and morphological modifications in vacuum deposited Gaq3 films upon thermal annealing. The annealing process has been carried out under flowing nitrogen gas for 10 min. It was noticed from the results that at 235 °C a broad absorption spectrum and increased photoluminescence to five times stronger than that of pristine film was achieved. Scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction techniques ascertained morphological changes towards the formation of amorphous nanorods. The improvement in optical properties of Gaq3 films was found to be resulted from this morphological modification. The nanostructure formation was seen to be a viable method to enhance the morpho-optical properties of Gaq3 films, making Gaq3 a promising candidate for the application in organic electronics technology.

In this work we investigate the impact of the dopant salt on the optical constants of PVA:NaNO3 composite system. Samples with various NaNO3 dopant contents were prepared by casting technique using distilled water as a solvent. The refractive index (n), extinction coefficient (k), dielectric constants (ɛ r and ɛ i ) and complex optical conductivity (σ*) for the systems have been investigated. Through applying Tauc’s equation and Wemple–DiDomenico (W–D) model, the optical energy gap (E g ) and Urbach tail energies (E u ) were correlated and analyzed. The exponent value (n) in Tauc’s equation has been calculated numerically and it was utilized to understand the nature of electronic transitions. The change in the refractive index from 1.14 for pure PVA to 2.25 for 12 % doped PVA was noticed, indicating the presence of few interactions between photon and electrons. This doping effect has considerably increased the real dielectric constant from 1.30 for pure PVA to 5.10 for 12 % doped PVA. The results showed that dispersion region of refractive index obeyed the W–D model.

Organic solar cells (OSC)s are valuable economical and environmental friendly devices capable to generate electricity from sunlight. This is because of their simple fabrication process and minimal material usage in comparison to the inorganic solar cells. OSCs have not been widely commercialized yet because of their relatively low power conversion efficiency and stability problem. It is expected that these obstacles will be surmounted in a foreseeable future upon rigorous research studies performed in the field. This paper is devoted to reviewing the design related strategies that can be taken to enhance OSC performance. These strategies can be accomplished through modulating the architecture of the devices and by considering the alignment of the molecular energy levels between their active layer components.

Cross-shaped resonators were proposed to improve the light absorption in the organic active layers, namely P3HT, PCBM and P3HT:PCBM hetero-structure. The resonator was made of aluminium (Al) which was encrusted on top of the organic active layers backed with indium tin oxide (ITO) coated glass. Simulated results showed that the proposed structure had significantly enhanced the light absorption in the organic thin films, whereby exhibited a broadband absorption in the visible and infrared spectra. An obvious redshift in the characteristic absorption peak of the organic thin films was observed, resulting in the reduction of their apparent energy gap due to the coupling effect between cross-shaped resonator and organic active layer as a consequence of light-matter interaction. It is concluded that the proposed metamaterial structure is beneficial to improve the performance of organic solar cells. Keywords: Metamaterial, Organic thin film, Light absorption, Cross resonator, Solar cell

The behavior of solar cells and modules under various operational conditions can be determined effectively when their intrinsic parameters are accurately estimated and used to simulate the current-voltage (I-V) characteristics. This work proposed a new computational approach based on approximation and correction technique (ACT) for simple and efficient extraction of solar cells and modules parameters from the single-diode model. In this technique, an approximated value of series resistance (Rs) was first derived and used to determine the initial value of parallel resistance (Rp). Later, the final corrected values of Rs and Rp were obtained by resubstituting their approximated values in a five-loop iteration using the manipulated equations. For rapid evaluation and validation of the proposed technique, a software application was also created using MATLAB program. The correctness and robustness of the proposed technique was validated on five types of solar cells and modules operated at varied temperatures and irradiances. The lowest RMSE value was achieved for RTC France (7.78937E-4) and PVM 752 GaAs (2.10497E-4) solar cell. The legitimacy of ACT extracted parameters was established using a simple yet competitive implementation approach wherein the performance of the developed technique was compared with several state-of-the-art methods recently reported in the literature.

In this work the optical response, spectroscopic behaviour, and optoelectronic properties of solution and solid state composite systems based on α,ω-dihexylsexithiophene/tris(8-hydroxyquinolinate) gallium (DH6T/Gaq3) are studied upon the incorporation of different molar percentages of Gaq3. UV–vis, PL, FTIR spectrophotometers and SEM technique were utilized to perform the investigations. The results showed a reduced energy band (Eg) (from 2.33 eV to 1.83 eV) and a broadened absorption spectrum for the blend system when 29.8% molar of Gaq3 was incorporated. These were attributed to the enhanced intermolecular interactions that are brought about by the increased strength of π − π overlap between the molecular moieties. A mathematical formula was developed to interpret the non-monotonic change occurred in Eg, while numerical calculations have been made to assign the type and nature of the electronic transitions governing the spectroscopic behaviour of the system. The results were elaborated and comprehensively discussed in terms of the exciton generation, energy band theory, molecular interactions, and spatial geometry.

In this study we report the optical, spectroscopic, and structural properties of vacuum deposited tris (8-hydroxyquinolinate) gallium film upon thermal annealing in the temperature range from 85 °C to 255 °C under a flowing nitrogen gas for 10 min. The optical UV–vis–NIR and luminescence spectroscopy measurements were performed to estimate the absorption bands, optical energy gap ( E g ), and photoluminescence (PL) of the films. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques were used to probe the spectroscopic and structural nature of the films. We show that, by annealing the films from 85 °C to 235 °C, it is possible to achieve an enhanced absorption and increased photoluminescence to five times stronger than that of the pristine film. The PL quenching at 255 °C was attributed to the presence of plainer chains allow easy going for excitons to a long distance due to the crystalline region formation of α-Gaq3 polymorph. The reduction in E g and infrared absorption bands upon annealing were referred to the enhancement in π–π interchain interaction and conformational changes by re-arrangement of the Gaq3 quinolinate ligands, respectively. Stokes shift for the films were observed and calculated. From the differential scanning calorimetry, DSC measurements, higher glass transition temperature was observed for Gaq3 ( T g = 182 °C) compared to that of Alq3 ( T g = 173 °C), which suggests the existence of stronger dipolar interaction in Gaq3 due to the Ga 3+ cation effect, in comparison to that of Alq3.

Organic Solar Cells based on α, ω- dihexyl-sexithiophene (DH6T) and [6,6]-phenyl C 61 -butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) were fabricated and characterized. The photovoltaic performance of three different architectural structures namely DH6T/PCBM (bilayer), PEDOT:PSS/DH6T/PCBM (bilayer) and PEDOT:PSS/DH6T:PCBM (1:1 bulk heterojunction) were investigated and discussed through the current and power density–voltage, ( J–V ) and ( P–V ) characteristics of the devices under 100 mW/cm 2 white light illumination in air. The results show higher performance for the bulk heterojunction devices with enhanced power conversion efficiency by 150% of that obtained in the PEDOT:PSS/DH6T/PCBM bilayer devices. This is ascribed to the red shift obtained in the absorption spectra and better donor/acceptor proximity of DH6T:PCBM bulk heterojunction films compared to those of the DH6T/PCBM bilayers.

For the purpose of investigating electro-molecular absorption bands, energy gaps, E g and molecular energy levels (ionization potential, IP and electron affinity, EA ) of tris (8-hydroxyquinolinate) gallium and aluminum, spectral analysis in conjunction with electrochemical measurements was carried out. UV–Vis–NIR and FTIR spectroscopic measurements were used to assign the electronic and molecular absorption bands in both of the materials. The XRD and scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) technique showed the amorphous nature. From the recorded data of cyclic voltammetry (CV) and materials absorption coefficient, HOMO, LUMO energy levels and energy gaps for Gaq3 and Alq3 were calculated. A bit smaller value of energy gap for Gaq3 (2.80 eV) compared to that of Alq3 (2.86 eV) has been ascribed to the differences in electronic configuration and coordinated bond lengths related to the central metal atom with respect to the quinolinate ligands. A higher value of HOMO energy level for the Alq3 ( IP = 6.3 eV) revealed the need of higher potentials to oxidize its molecules comparing to that of Gaq3 ( IP = 5.8 eV). It was observed that cationic metals have a direct effect on the physical and chemical behaviors of such organometallic materials that can be exploited to be used in tuning their properties to match the desired application in OSC and/or OLED technologies.