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1. Genetic variation in the immunosuppression pathway genes and breast cancer susceptibility: a pooled analysis of 42,510 cases and 40,577 controls from the Breast Cancer Association Consortium

Author: Lei, J, Rudolph, A, Moysich, KB, Behrens, S, Goode, EL, Bolla, MK, Dennis, J, Dunning, AM, Easton, DF, Wang, Q, Benitez, J, Hopper, JL, Southey, MC, Schmidt, MK, Broeks, A, Fasching, PA, Haeberle, L, Peto, J, dos-Santos-Silva, I, Sawyer, EJ, Tomlinson, I, Burwinkel, B, Marmé, F, Guénel, P, Truong, T, Bojesen, SE, Flyger, H, Nielsen, SF, Nordestgaard, BG, González-Neira, A, Menéndez, P, Anton-Culver, H, Neuhausen, SL, Brenner, H, Arndt, V, Meindl, A, Schmutzler, RK, Brauch, H, Hamann, U, Nevanlinna, H, Fagerholm, R, Dörk, T, Bogdanova, NV, Mannermaa, A, Hartikainen, JM, Australian Ovarian Study Group, kConFab Investigators, Van Dijck, L, Smeets, A, Flesch-Janys, D, Eilber, U, Radice, P, Peterlongo, P, Couch, FJ, Hallberg, E, Giles, GG, Milne, RL, Haiman, CA, Schumacher, F, Simard, J, Goldberg, MS, Kristensen, V, Borresen-Dale, AL, Zheng, W, Beeghly-Fadiel, A, Winqvist, R, Grip, M, Andrulis, IL, Glendon, G, García-Closas, M, Figueroa, J, Czene, K, Brand, JS, Darabi, H, Eriksson, M, Hall, P, Li, J, Cox, A, Cross, SS, Pharoah, PDP, Shah, M, Kabisch, M, Torres, D, Jakubowska, A, Lubinski, J, Ademuyiwa, F, Ambrosone, CB, Swerdlow, A, Jones, M, and Chang-Claude, J
Subjects: Genetics, Complementary and Alternative Medicine, Paediatrics and Reproductive Medicine, Genetics & Heredity
Abstract: Immunosuppression plays a pivotal role in assisting tumors to evade immune destruction and promoting tumor development. We hypothesized that genetic variation in the immunosuppression pathway genes may be implicated in breast cancer tumorigenesis. We included 42,510 female breast cancer cases and 40,577 controls of European ancestry from 37 studies in the Breast Cancer Association Consortium (2015) with available genotype data for 3595 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 133 candidate genes. Associations between genotyped SNPs and overall breast cancer risk, and secondarily according to estrogen receptor (ER) status, were assessed using multiple logistic regression models. Gene-level associations were assessed based on principal component analysis. Gene expression analyses were conducted using RNA sequencing level 3 data from The Cancer Genome Atlas for 989 breast tumor samples and 113 matched normal tissue samples. SNP rs1905339 (A>G) in the STAT3 region was associated with an increased breast cancer risk (per allele odds ratio 1.05, 95 % confidence interval 1.03–1.08; p value = 1.4 × 10−6). The association did not differ significantly by ER status. On the gene level, in addition to TGFBR2 and CCND1, IL5 and GM-CSF showed the strongest associations with overall breast cancer risk (p value = 1.0 × 10−3 and 7.0 × 10−3, respectively). Furthermore, STAT3 and IL5 but not GM-CSF were differentially expressed between breast tumor tissue and normal tissue (p value = 2.5 × 10−3, 4.5 × 10−4 and 0.63, respectively). Our data provide evidence that the immunosuppression pathway genes STAT3,IL5, and GM-CSF may be novel susceptibility loci for breast cancer in women of European ancestry.
Published: 2016

2. Overabundant FANCD2, alone and combined with NQO1, is a sensitive marker of adverse prognosis in breast cancer

Author: Fagerholm, R., Sprott, K., Heikkinen, T., Bartkova, J., Heikkilä, P., Aittomäki, K., Bartek, J., Weaver, D., Blomqvist, C., and Nevanlinna, H.
Published: 2013
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3. cagA, vacA and iceA Virulence Genes of Helicobacter pylori Isolates of Children in Finland

Author: Karhukorpi, J., Yan, Y., Kolho, K.-L., Rautelin, H., Lahti, M., Sirviö, A., Riipinen, K., Lindahl, H., Verkasalo, M., Fagerholm, R., and Karttunen, R.
Published: 2000
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4. Re: Sexual Function and Attitudes Toward Surgery After Feminizing Genitoplasty

Author: Fagerholm, R., Santtila, P., Miettinen, P. J., Mattila, A., Rintala, R., Taskinen, S., and Puppo, Vincenzo
Published: 2012
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5. Association of germline variation with the survival of women with BRCA1/2 pathogenic variants and breast cancer.

Author: Simard J., James P., Garber J., Weitzel J.N., Jakubowska A., Yannoukakos D., John E.M., Southey M.C., Schmidt M.K., Antoniou A.C., Chenevix-Trench G., Blomqvist C., Nevanlinna H., Muranen T.A., Khan S., Fagerholm R., Aittomaki K., Cunningham J.M., Dennis J., Leslie G., McGuffog L., Parsons M.T., Slager S., Soucy P., Easton D.F., Tischkowitz M., Spurdle A.B., Schmutzler R.K., Wappenschmidt B., Hahnen E., Hooning M.J., Singer C.F., Wagner G., Thomassen M., Pedersen I.S., Domchek S.M., Nathanson K.L., Lazaro C., Rossing C.M., Andrulis I.L., Teixeira M.R., Simard J., James P., Garber J., Weitzel J.N., Jakubowska A., Yannoukakos D., John E.M., Southey M.C., Schmidt M.K., Antoniou A.C., Chenevix-Trench G., Blomqvist C., Nevanlinna H., Muranen T.A., Khan S., Fagerholm R., Aittomaki K., Cunningham J.M., Dennis J., Leslie G., McGuffog L., Parsons M.T., Slager S., Soucy P., Easton D.F., Tischkowitz M., Spurdle A.B., Schmutzler R.K., Wappenschmidt B., Hahnen E., Hooning M.J., Singer C.F., Wagner G., Thomassen M., Pedersen I.S., Domchek S.M., Nathanson K.L., Lazaro C., Rossing C.M., Andrulis I.L., and Teixeira M.R.
Abstract: Germline genetic variation has been suggested to influence the survival of breast cancer patients independently of tumor pathology. We have studied survival associations of genetic variants in two etiologically unique groups of breast cancer patients, the carriers of germline pathogenic variants in BRCA1 or BRCA2 genes. We found that rs57025206 was significantly associated with the overall survival, predicting higher mortality of BRCA1 carrier patients with estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer, with a hazard ratio 4.37 (95% confidence interval 3.03-6.30, P = 3.1 x 10-9). Multivariable analysis adjusted for tumor characteristics suggested that rs57025206 was an independent survival marker. In addition, our exploratory analyses suggest that the associations between genetic variants and breast cancer patient survival may depend on tumor biological subgroup and clinical patient characteristics.Copyright © 2020, The Author(s).
Published: 2020

6. Association of germline variation with the survival of women with BRCA1/2 pathogenic variants and breast cancer

Author: Muranen, T.A. (Taru), Khan, S. (Sofia), Fagerholm, R. (Rainer), Aittomäki, K. (Kristiina), Cunningham, J.M. (Julie), Dennis, J. (Joe), Leslie, G., McGuffog, L. (Lesley), Parsons, M.T., Simard, J. (Jacques), Slager, S., Soucy, P. (Penny), Easton, D.F. (Douglas), Tischkowitz, M. (Marc), Spurdle, A.B. (Amanda), Schmutzler, R.K. (Rita), Wapenschmidt, B. (Barbara), Hahnen, E, Hooning, M.J. (Maartje), Singer, C.F. (Christian), Wagner, G., Thomassen, M. (Mads), Pedersen, I.S. (Inge Sokilde), Domchek, SM, Nathanson, K.L. (Katherine), Lázaro, C. (Conxi), Rossing, C.M., Andrulis, I.L. (Irene), Teixeira, P.J., James, P., Garber, J, Weitzel, J.N. (Jeffrey), Jakubowska, A. (Anna), Yannoukakos, D. (Drakoulis), John, E.M. (Esther), Southey, M.C. (Melissa), Schmidt, M.K. (Marjanka), Antoniou, A.C. (Antonis), Chenevix-Trench, G. (Georgia), Blomqvist, C. (Carl), Nevanlinna, H. (Heli), Muranen, T.A. (Taru), Khan, S. (Sofia), Fagerholm, R. (Rainer), Aittomäki, K. (Kristiina), Cunningham, J.M. (Julie), Dennis, J. (Joe), Leslie, G., McGuffog, L. (Lesley), Parsons, M.T., Simard, J. (Jacques), Slager, S., Soucy, P. (Penny), Easton, D.F. (Douglas), Tischkowitz, M. (Marc), Spurdle, A.B. (Amanda), Schmutzler, R.K. (Rita), Wapenschmidt, B. (Barbara), Hahnen, E, Hooning, M.J. (Maartje), Singer, C.F. (Christian), Wagner, G., Thomassen, M. (Mads), Pedersen, I.S. (Inge Sokilde), Domchek, SM, Nathanson, K.L. (Katherine), Lázaro, C. (Conxi), Rossing, C.M., Andrulis, I.L. (Irene), Teixeira, P.J., James, P., Garber, J, Weitzel, J.N. (Jeffrey), Jakubowska, A. (Anna), Yannoukakos, D. (Drakoulis), John, E.M. (Esther), Southey, M.C. (Melissa), Schmidt, M.K. (Marjanka), Antoniou, A.C. (Antonis), Chenevix-Trench, G. (Georgia), Blomqvist, C. (Carl), and Nevanlinna, H. (Heli)
Published: 2020
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7. Association of germline variation with the survival of women with BRCA1/2 pathogenic variants and breast cancer

Author: Muranen, TA, Khan, S, Fagerholm, R, Aittomaeki, K, Cunningham, JM, Dennis, J, Leslie, G, McGuffog, L, Parsons, MT, Simard, J, Slager, S, Soucy, P, Easton, DF, Tischkowitz, M, Spurdle, AB, Schmutzler, RK, Wappenschmidt, B, Hahnen, E, Hooning, MJ, Singer, CF, Wagner, G, Thomassen, M, Pedersen, IS, Domchek, SM, Nathanson, KL, Lazaro, C, Rossing, CM, Andrulis, IL, Teixeira, MR, James, P, Garber, J, Weitzel, JN, Jakubowska, A, Yannoukakos, D, John, EM, Southey, MC, Schmidt, MK, Antoniou, AC, Chenevix-Trench, G, Blomqvist, C, Nevanlinna, H, Muranen, TA, Khan, S, Fagerholm, R, Aittomaeki, K, Cunningham, JM, Dennis, J, Leslie, G, McGuffog, L, Parsons, MT, Simard, J, Slager, S, Soucy, P, Easton, DF, Tischkowitz, M, Spurdle, AB, Schmutzler, RK, Wappenschmidt, B, Hahnen, E, Hooning, MJ, Singer, CF, Wagner, G, Thomassen, M, Pedersen, IS, Domchek, SM, Nathanson, KL, Lazaro, C, Rossing, CM, Andrulis, IL, Teixeira, MR, James, P, Garber, J, Weitzel, JN, Jakubowska, A, Yannoukakos, D, John, EM, Southey, MC, Schmidt, MK, Antoniou, AC, Chenevix-Trench, G, Blomqvist, C, and Nevanlinna, H
Abstract: Germline genetic variation has been suggested to influence the survival of breast cancer patients independently of tumor pathology. We have studied survival associations of genetic variants in two etiologically unique groups of breast cancer patients, the carriers of germline pathogenic variants in BRCA1 or BRCA2 genes. We found that rs57025206 was significantly associated with the overall survival, predicting higher mortality of BRCA1 carrier patients with estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer, with a hazard ratio 4.37 (95% confidence interval 3.03-6.30, P = 3.1 × 10-9). Multivariable analysis adjusted for tumor characteristics suggested that rs57025206 was an independent survival marker. In addition, our exploratory analyses suggest that the associations between genetic variants and breast cancer patient survival may depend on tumor biological subgroup and clinical patient characteristics.
Published: 2020

8. Genetic variation in mitotic regulatory pathway genes is associated with breast tumor grade

Author: Purrington, K.S., Slettedahl, S., Bolla, M.K., Michailidou, K., Czene, K., Nevanlinna, H., Bojesen, S.E., Andrulis, I.L., Cox, A., Hall, P., Carpenter, J., Yannoukakos, D., Haiman, C.A., Fasching, P.A., Mannermaa, A., Winqvist, R., Brenner, H., Lindblom, A., Chenevix-Trench, G., Benitez, J., Swerdlow, A., Kristensen, V., Guenel, P., Meindl, A., Darabi, H., Eriksson, M., Fagerholm, R., Aittomaki, K., Blomqvist, C., Nordestgaard, B.G., Nielsen, S.F., Flyger, H., Wang, X.S., Olswold, C., Olson, J.E., Mulligan, A.M., Knight, J.A., Tchatchou, S., Reed, M.W.R., Cross, S.S., Liu, J.J., Li, J.M., Humphreys, K., Clarke, C., Scott, R., Fostira, F., Fountzilas, G., Konstantopoulou, I., Henderson, B.E., Schumacher, F., Marchand, L. le, Ekici, A.B., Hartmann, A., Beckmann, M.W., Hartikainen, J.M., Kosma, V.M., Kataja, V., Jukkola-Vuorinen, A., Pylkas, K., Kauppila, S., Dieffenbach, A.K., Stegmaier, C., Arndt, V., Margolin, S., Balleine, R., Perez, J.I.A., Zamora, M.P., Menendez, P., Ashworth, A., Jones, M., Orr, N., Arveux, P., Kerbrat, P., Truong, T., Bugert, P., Toland, A.E., Ambrosone, C.B., Labreche, F., Goldberg, M.S., Dumont, M., Ziogas, A., Lee, E., Dite, G.S., Apicella, C., Southey, M.C., Long, J.R., Shrubsole, M., Deming-Halverson, S., Ficarazzi, F., Barile, M., Peterlongo, P., Durda, K., Jaworska-Bieniek, K., Tollenaar, R.A.E.M., Seynaeve, C., Bruning, T., Ko, Y.D., Deurzen, C.H.M. van, Martens, J.W.M., Kriege, M., Figueroa, J.D., Chanock, S.J., Lissowska, J., Tomlinson, I., Kerin, M.J., Miller, N., Schneeweiss, A., Tapper, W.J., Gerty, S.M., Durcan, L., Mclean, C., Milne, R.L., Baglietto, L., Silva, I.D., Fletcher, O., Johnson, N., Van'T Veer, L.J., Cornelissen, S., Forsti, A., Torres, D., Rudiger, T., Rudolph, A., Flesch-Janys, D., Nickels, S., Weltens, C., Floris, G., Moisse, M., Dennis, J., Wang, Q., Dunning, A.M., Shah, M., Brown, J., Simard, J., Anton-Culver, H., Neuhausen, S.L., Hopper, J.L., Bogdanova, N., Dork, T., Zheng, W., Radice, P., Jakubowska, A., Lubinski, J., Devillee, P., Brauch, H., Hooning, M., Garcia-Closas, M., Sawyer, E., Burwinkel, B., Marmee, F., Eccles, D.M., Giles, G.G., Peto, J., Schmidt, M., Broeks, A., Hamann, U., Chang-Claude, J., Lambrechts, D., Pharoah, P.D.P., Easton, D., Pankratz, V.S., Slager, S., Vachon, C.M., Couch, F.J., ABCTB Investigators, Australian Ovarian Canc Study Grp, kConFab Investigators, GENICA Network, Medical Oncology, Pathology, and Clinical Genetics
Subjects: Oncology, Candidate gene, Fibroblast Growth Factor, amplification, cancer susceptibility loci, Bioinformatics, medicine.disease_cause, Medical and Health Sciences, prostate-cancer, Prostate cancer, Risk Factors, Medizinische Fakultät, Genetics (clinical), Genetics & Heredity, tacc2, Association Studies Articles, Single Nucleotide, General Medicine, Biological Sciences, ddc, risk loci, cell-division, kConFab Investigators, Female, GENICA Network, Type 2, Receptor, Australian Ovarian Cancer Study Group, Breast Neoplasms, Carrier Proteins, Case-Control Studies, Haplotypes, Humans, Neoplasm Staging, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 2, Tumor Suppressor Proteins, Genetic Variation, Molecular Biology, Genetics, medicine.medical_specialty, Mitotic index, ABCTB Investigators, Single-nucleotide polymorphism, Biology, Breast cancer, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, Internal medicine, medicine, ddc:610, Polymorphism, Lung cancer, Odds ratio, medicine.disease, genome-wide association, lung-cancer, progression, Carcinogenesis
Abstract: Mitotic index is an important component of histologic grade and has an etiologic role in breast tumorigenesis. Several small candidate gene studies have reported associations between variation in mitotic genes and breast cancer risk. We measured associations between 2156 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 194 mitotic genes and breast cancer risk, overall and by histologic grade, in the Breast Cancer Association Consortium (BCAC) iCOGS study (n = 39 067 cases; n = 42 106 controls). SNPs in TACC2 [rs17550038: odds ratio (OR) = 1.24, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.16-1.33, P = 4.2 × 10(-10)) and EIF3H (rs799890: OR = 1.07, 95% CI 1.04-1.11, P = 8.7 × 10(-6)) were significantly associated with risk of low-grade breast cancer. The TACC2 signal was retained (rs17550038: OR = 1.15, 95% CI 1.07-1.23, P = 7.9 × 10(-5)) after adjustment for breast cancer risk SNPs in the nearby FGFR2 gene, suggesting that TACC2 is a novel, independent genome-wide significant genetic risk locus for low-grade breast cancer. While no SNPs were individually associated with high-grade disease, a pathway-level gene set analysis showed that variation across the 194 mitotic genes was associated with high-grade breast cancer risk (P = 2.1 × 10(-3)). These observations will provide insight into the contribution of mitotic defects to histological grade and the etiology of breast cancer.
Published: 2014
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9. Annexin A1 expression in a pooled breast cancer series: association with tumor subtypes and prognosis

Author: Sobral-Leite, M., Wesseling, J., Smit, V.T., Nevanlinna, H., Miltenburg, M.H. van, Sanders, J., Hofland, I., Blows, F.M., Coulson, P., Patrycja, G., Schellens, J.H., Fagerholm, R., Heikkilä, P., Aittomäki, K., Blomqvist, C., Provenzano, E., Ali, H.R., Figueroa, J., Sherman, M., Lissowska, J., Mannermaa, A., Kataja, V., Kosma, V.M., Hartikainen, J.M., Phillips, K.A., Couch, F.J., Olson, J.E., Vachon, C., Visscher, D., Brenner, H., Butterbach, K., Arndt, V., Holleczek, B., Hooning, M.J., Hollestelle, A., Martens, J.W., Deurzen, C.H. van, Water, B. van de, Broeks, A., Chang-Claude, J., Chenevix-Trench, G., Easton, D.F., Pharoah, P.D., García-Closas, M., Graauw, M. de, Schmidt, M.K., Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, Medical Oncology, and Pathology
Subjects: Adult, Medicine(all), endocrine system, Genes, BRCA2, Genes, BRCA1, Breast Neoplasms, Middle Aged, Prognosis, Immunohistochemistry, BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations, Breast cancer, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, Mutation, Biomarkers, Tumor, Humans, Female, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, skin and connective tissue diseases, Annexin A1, Research Article
Abstract: Background Annexin A1 (ANXA1) is a protein related with the carcinogenesis process and metastasis formation in many tumors. However, little is known about the prognostic value of ANXA1 in breast cancer. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the association between ANXA1 expression, BRCA1/2 germline carriership, specific tumor subtypes and survival in breast cancer patients. Methods Clinical-pathological information and follow-up data were collected from nine breast cancer studies from the Breast Cancer Association Consortium (BCAC) (n = 5,752) and from one study of familial breast cancer patients with BRCA1/2 mutations (n = 107). ANXA1 expression was scored based on the percentage of immunohistochemical staining in tumor cells. Survival analyses were performed using a multivariable Cox model. Results The frequency of ANXA1 positive tumors was higher in familial breast cancer patients with BRCA1/2 mutations than in BCAC patients, with 48.6 % versus 12.4 %, respectively; P
Published: 2015

10. Genetic variation in the immunosuppression pathway genes and breast cancer susceptibility: a pooled analysis of 42,510 cases and 40,577 controls from the Breast Cancer Association Consortium

Author: Lei, J., Rudolph, A., Moysich, K.B., Behrens, S., Goode, E.L., Bolla, M.K., Dennis, J., Dunning, A.M., Easton, D.F., Wang, Q., Benitez, J., Hopper, J.L., Southey, M.C., Schmidt, M.K., Broeks, A., Fasching, P.A., Haeberle, L., Peto, J., dos-Santos-Silva, I., Sawyer, E.J., Tomlinson, I., Burwinkel, B., Marmé, F., Guénel, P., Truong, T., Bojesen, S.E., Flyger, H., Nielsen, S.F., Nordestgaard, B.G., González-Neira, A., Menéndez, P., Anton-Culver, H., Neuhausen, S.L., Brenner, H., Arndt, V., Meindl, A., Schmutzler, R.K., Brauch, H., Hamann, U., Nevanlinna, H., Fagerholm, R., Dörk, T., Bogdanova, N.V., Mannermaa, A., Hartikainen, J.M., Australian, O.S.G., kConFab, I., Van Dijck, L., Smeets, A., Flesch-Janys, D., Eilber, U., Radice, P., Peterlongo, P., Couch, F.J., Hallberg, E., Giles, G.G., Milne, R.L., Haiman, C.A., Schumacher, F., Simard, J., Goldberg, M.S., Kristensen, V., Borresen-Dale, A.L., Zheng, W., Beeghly-Fadiel, A., Winqvist, R., Grip, M., Andrulis, I.L., Glendon, G., and García-Closas, M.
Abstract: © 2015 The Author(s) Immunosuppression plays a pivotal role in assisting tumors to evade immune destruction and promoting tumor development. We hypothesized that genetic variation in the immunosuppression pathway genes may be implicated in breast cancer tumorigenesis. We included 42,510 female breast cancer cases and 40,577 controls of European ancestry from 37 studies in the Breast Cancer Association Consortium (2015) with available genotype data for 3595 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 133 candidate genes. Associations between genotyped SNPs and overall breast cancer risk, and secondarily according to estrogen receptor (ER) status, were assessed using multiple logistic regression models. Gene-level associations were assessed based on principal component analysis. Gene expression analyses were conducted using RNA sequencing level 3 data from The Cancer Genome Atlas for 989 breast tumor samples and 113 matched normal tissue samples. SNP rs1905339 (A>G) in the STAT3 region was associated with an increased breast cancer risk (per allele odds ratio 1.05, 95 % confidence interval 1.03–1.08; p value = 1.4 × 10−6). The association did not differ significantly by ER status. On the gene level, in addition to TGFBR2 and CCND1, IL5 and GM-CSF showed the strongest associations with overall breast cancer risk (p value = 1.0 × 10−3 and 7.0 × 10−3, respectively). Furthermore, STAT3 and IL5 but not GM-CSF were differentially expressed between breast tumor tissue and normal tissue (p value = 2.5 × 10−3, 4.5 × 10−4 and 0.63, respectively). Our data provide evidence that the immunosuppression pathway genes STAT3,IL5, and GM-CSF may be novel susceptibility loci for breast cancer in women of European ancestry.
Published: 2015
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11. SNP-SNP interaction analysis of NF-kappa B signaling pathway on breast cancer survival

Author: Jamshidi, M., Fagerholm, R., Khan, S., Aittomaki, K., Czene, K., Darabi, H., Li, J.M., Andrulis, I.L., Chang-Claude, J., Devilee, P., Fasching, P.A., Michailidou, K., Bolla, M.K., Dennis, J., Wang, Q., Guo, Q., Rhenius, V., Cornelissen, S., Rudolph, A., Knight, J.A., Loehberg, C.R., Burwinkel, B., Marme, F., Hopper, J.L., Southey, M.C., Bojesen, S.E., Flyger, H., Brenner, H., Holleczek, B., Margolin, S., Mannermaa, A., Kosma, V.M., Dyck, L. van, Nevelsteen, I., Couch, F.J., Olson, J.E., Giles, G.G., McLean, C., Haiman, C.A., Henderson, B.E., Winqvist, R., Pylkas, K., Tollenaar, R.A.E.M., Garcia-Closas, M., Figueroa, J., Hooning, M.J., Martens, J.W.M., Cox, A., Cross, S.S., Simard, J., Dunning, A.M., Easton, D.F., Pharoah, P.D.P., Hall, P., Blomqvist, C., Schmidt, M.K., Nevanlinna, H., kConFab Investigators, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clinicum, Medicum, Kristiina Aittomäki / Principal Investigator, Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, and Department of Oncology
Subjects: Oncology, medicine.medical_specialty, GENES, In silico, 3122 Cancers, Single-nucleotide polymorphism, Breast Neoplasms, Biology, Bioinformatics, ANNOTATION, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, survival analysis, ACTIVATION, Breast cancer, breast cancer, 3123 Gynaecology and paediatrics, Internal medicine, Genetic variation, medicine, Biomarkers, Tumor, SNP, Humans, Neoplasm Invasiveness, TRANSCRIPTION, Allele, Survival rate, Survival analysis, POLYMORPHISMS, Neoplasm Staging, NF-κB pathway, IDENTIFICATION, NF-kappa B, NF-kappa B pathway, CHEMOTHERAPY, medicine.disease, Prognosis, 3. Good health, FALSE DISCOVERY RATE, Survival Rate, SNP-SNP interaction, CELLS, Female, Neoplasm Grading, Research Paper, Signal Transduction
Abstract: In breast cancer, constitutive activation of NF-κB has been reported, however, the impact of genetic variation of the pathway on patient prognosis has been little studied. Furthermore, a combination of genetic variants, rather than single polymorphisms, may affect disease prognosis. Here, in an extensive dataset (n = 30,431) from the Breast Cancer Association Consortium, we investigated the association of 917 SNPs in 75 genes in the NF-κB pathway with breast cancer prognosis. We explored SNP-SNP interactions on survival using the likelihood-ratio test comparing multivariate Cox’ egression models of SNP pairs without and with an interaction term. We found two interacting pairs associating with prognosis: patients simultaneously homozygous for the rare alleles of rs5996080 and rs7973914 had worse survival (HRinteraction 6.98, 95% CI=3.3-14.4, P=1.42E-07), and patients carrying at least one rare allele for rs17243893 and rs57890595 had better survival (HRinteraction 0.51, 95% CI=0.3-0.6, P = 2.19E-05). Based on in silico functional analyses and literature, we speculate that the rs5996080 and rs7973914 loci may affect the BAFFR and TNFR1/TNFR3 receptors and breast cancer survival, possibly by disturbing both the canonical and non-canonical NF-κB pathways or their dynamics, whereas, rs17243893-rs57890595 interaction on survival may be mediated through TRAF2-TRAIL-R4 interplay. These results warrant further validation and functional analyses. ispartof: Oncotarget vol:6 issue:35 pages:37979-94 ispartof: location:United States status: published
Published: 2015

12. SNP-SNP interaction analysis of NF-κB signaling pathway on breast cancer survival

Author: Jamshidi, M., Fagerholm, R., Khan, S., Aittomäki, K., Czene, K., Darabi, H., Li, J., Andrulis, I.L., Chang-Claude, J., Devilee, P., Fasching, P.A., Michailidou, K., Bolla, M.K., Dennis, J., Wang, Q., Guo, Q., Rhenius, V., Cornelissen, S., Rudolph, A., Knight, J.A., Loehberg, C.R., Burwinkel, B., Marme, F., Hopper, J.L., Southey, M.C., Bojesen, S.E., Flyger, H., Brenner, H., Holleczek, B., Margolin, S., Mannermaa, A., Kosma, V.M., Investigators, K., Van Dyck, L., Nevelsteen, I., Couch, F.J., Olson, J.E., Giles, G.G., McLean, C., Haiman, C.A., Henderson, B.E., Winqvist, R., Pylkäs, K., Tollenaar, R.A., García-Closas, M., Figueroa, J., Hooning, M.J., Martens, J.W., Cox, A., Cross, S.S., Simard, J., Dunning, A.M., Easton, D.F., Pharoah, P.D., Hall, P., Blomqvist, C., Schmidt, M.K., and Nevanlinna, H.
Abstract: In breast cancer, constitutive activation of NF-κB has been reported, however, the impact of genetic variation of the pathway on patient prognosis has been little studied. Furthermore, a combination of genetic variants, rather than single polymorphisms, may affect disease prognosis. Here, in an extensive dataset (n = 30,431) from the Breast Cancer Association Consortium, we investigated the association of 917 SNPs in 75 genes in the NF-κB pathway with breast cancer prognosis. We explored SNP-SNP interactions on survival using the likelihood-ratio test comparing multivariate Cox' regression models of SNP pairs without and with an interaction term. We found two interacting pairs associating with prognosis: patients simultaneously homozygous for the rare alleles of rs5996080 and rs7973914 had worse survival (HRinteraction 6.98, 95% CI=3.3-14.4, P=1.42E-07), and patients carrying at least one rare allele for rs17243893 and rs57890595 had better survival (HRinteraction 0.51, 95% CI=0.3-0.6, P = 2.19E-05). Based on in silico functional analyses and literature, we speculate that the rs5996080 and rs7973914 loci may affect the BAFFR and TNFR1/TNFR3 receptors and breast cancer survival, possibly by disturbing both the canonical and non-canonical NF-κB pathways or their dynamics, whereas, rs17243893-rs57890595 interaction on survival may be mediated through TRAF2-TRAIL-R4 interplay. These results warrant further validation and functional analyses.
Published: 2015

13. Identification of novel genetic markers of breast cancer survival

Author: Guo, Q., Schmidt, M.K., Kraft, P., Canisius, S., Chen, C., Khan, S., Tyrer, J., Bolla, M.K., Wang, Q., Dennis, J., Michailidou, K., Lush, M., Kar, S., Beesley, J., Dunning, A.M., Shah, M., Czene, K., Darabi, H., Eriksson, M., Lambrechts, D., Weltens, C., Leunen, K., Bojesen, S.E., Nordestgaard, B.G., Nielsen, S.F., Flyger, H., Chang-Claude, J., Rudolph, A., Seibold, P., Flesch-Janys, D., Blomqvist, C., Aittomaki, K., Fagerholm, R., Muranen, T.A., Couch, F.J., Olson, J.E., Vachon, C., Andrulis, I.L., Knight, J.A., Glendon, G., Mulligan, A.M., Broeks, A., Hogervorst, F.B., Haiman, C.A., Henderson, B.E., Schumacher, F., Marchand, L. le, Hopper, J.L., Tsimiklis, H., Apicella, C., Southey, M.C., Cox, A., Cross, S.S., Reed, M.W.R., Giles, G.G., Milne, R.L., McLean, C., Winqvist, R., Pylkas, K., Jukkola-Vuorinen, A., Grip, M., Hooning, M.J., Hollestelle, A., Martens, J.W.M., Ouweland, A.M.W. van den, Marme, F., Schneeweiss, A., Yang, R.X., Burwinkel, B., Figueroa, J., Chanock, S.J., Lissowska, J., Sawyer, E.J., Tomlinson, I., Kerin, M.J., Miller, N., Brenner, H., Dieffenbach, A.K., Arndt, V., Holleczek, B., Mannermaa, A., Kataja, V., Kosma, V.M., Hartikainen, J.M., Li, J.M., Brand, J.S., Humphreys, K., Devilee, P., Tollenaar, R.A.E.M., Seynaeve, C., Radice, P., Peterlongo, P., Bonanni, B., Mariani, P., Fasching, P.A., Beckmann, M.W., Hein, A., Ekici, A.B., Chenevix-Trench, G., Balleine, R., Phillips, K.A., Benitez, J., Zamora, M.P., Perez, J.I.A., Menendez, P., Jakubowska, A., Lubinski, J., Jaworska-Bieniek, K., Durda, K., Hamann, U., Kabisch, M., Ulmer, H.U., Rudiger, T., Margolin, S., Kristensen, V., Nord, S., Evans, D.G., Abraham, J.E., Earl, H.M., Hiller, L., Dunn, J.A., Bowden, S., Berg, C., Campa, D., Diver, W.R., Gapstur, S.M., Gaudet, M.M., Hankinson, S.E., Hoover, R.N., Husing, A., Kaaks, R., Machiela, M.J., Willett, W., Barrdahl, M., Canzian, F., Chin, S.F., Caldas, C., Hunter, D.J., Lindstrom, S., Garcia-Closas, M., Hall, P., Easton, D.F., Eccles, D.M., Rahman, N., Nevanlinna, H., Pharoah, P.D.P., kConFab Investigators, Tyrer, Jonathan [0000-0003-3724-4757], Wang, Jean [0000-0002-9139-0627], Dennis, Joe [0000-0003-4591-1214], Dunning, Alison [0000-0001-6651-7166], Abraham, Jean [0000-0003-0688-4807], Earl, Helena [0000-0003-1549-8094], Chin, Suet-Feung [0000-0001-5697-1082], Caldas, Carlos [0000-0003-3547-1489], Easton, Douglas [0000-0003-2444-3247], Pharoah, Paul [0000-0001-8494-732X], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Subjects: Genetic Markers, Genotype, Receptors, Estrogen, Humans, Breast Neoplasms, Female, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Prognosis, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Survival Analysis, White People
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Survival after a diagnosis of breast cancer varies considerably between patients, and some of this variation may be because of germline genetic variation. We aimed to identify genetic markers associated with breast cancer-specific survival. METHODS: We conducted a large meta-analysis of studies in populations of European ancestry, including 37954 patients with 2900 deaths from breast cancer. Each study had been genotyped for between 200000 and 900000 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) across the genome; genotypes for nine million common variants were imputed using a common reference panel from the 1000 Genomes Project. We also carried out subtype-specific analyses based on 6881 estrogen receptor (ER)-negative patients (920 events) and 23059 ER-positive patients (1333 events). All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS: We identified one new locus (rs2059614 at 11q24.2) associated with survival in ER-negative breast cancer cases (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.95, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.55 to 2.47, P = 1.91 x 10(-8)). Genotyping a subset of 2113 case patients, of which 300 were ER negative, provided supporting evidence for the quality of the imputation. The association in this set of case patients was stronger for the observed genotypes than for the imputed genotypes. A second locus (rs148760487 at 2q24.2) was associated at genome-wide statistical significance in initial analyses; the association was similar in ER-positive and ER-negative case patients. Here the results of genotyping suggested that the finding was less robust. CONCLUSIONS: This is currently the largest study investigating genetic variation associated with breast cancer survival. Our results have potential clinical implications, as they confirm that germline genotype can provide prognostic information in addition to standard tumor prognostic factors.
Published: 2015

14. Common germline polymorphisms\ud associated with breast cancer-specific survival

Author: Pirie, A., Guo, Q., Kraft, P., Canisius, S., Eccles, D.M., Rahman, N., Nevanlinna, H., Chen, C., Khan, S., Tyrer, J., Bolla, M.K., Wang, Q., Dennis, J., Michailidou, K., Lush, M., Dunning, A.M., Shah, M., Czene, K., Darabi, H., Eriksson, M., Lambrechts, D., Weltens, C., Leunen, K., van Ongeval, C., Nordestgaard, B.G., Nielsen, S.F., Flyger, H., Rudolph, A., Seibold, P., Flesch-Janys, D., Blomqvist, C., Aittomaki, K., Fagerholm, R., Muranen, T.A., Olsen, J.E., Hallberg, E., Vachon, C., Knight, J.A., Glendon, G., Mulligan, A.M., Broeks, A., Cornelissen, S., Haiman, C.A., Henderson, B.E., Schumacher, F., Le Marchand, L., Hopper, J.L., Tsimiklis, H., Apicella, C., Southey, M.C., Cross, S.S., Reed, M.W.R., Giles, G.G., Milne, R.L., McLean, C., Winqvist, R., Pylkas, K., Jukkola-Vuorinen, A., Grip, M., Hooning, M.J., Hollestelle, A., Martens, J.W.M., van den Ouweland, A.M.W., Marme, F., Schneeweiss, A., Yang, R., Burwinkel, B., Figueroa, J., Chanock, S.J., Lissowska, J., Sawyer, E.J., Tomlinson, I., Kerin, M.J., Miller, N., Brenner, H., Butterbach, K., Holleczek, B., Kataja, V., Kosma, V-M., Hartikainen, J.M., Li, J., Brand, J.S., Humphreys, K., Devilee, P., Tollenaar, R.A.E.M., Seynaeve, C., Radice, P., Peterlongo, P., Manoukian, S., Ficarazzi, F., Beckmann, M.W., Hein, A., Ekici, A.B., Balleine, R., Phillips, K-A., Benitez, J., Zamora, M.P., Perez, J.I.A., Menendez, P., Jakubowska, A., Lubinski, J., Gronwald, J., Durda, K., Hamann, U., Kabisch, M., Ulmer, H.U., Ruediger, T., Margolin, S., Kristensen, V., Nord, S., Evans, D.G., Abraham, J., Earl, H., Poole, C.J., Hiller, L., Dunn, J.A., Bowden, S., Campa, D., Diver, W.R., Gapstur, S.M., Gaudet, M.M., Hankinson, S., Hoover, R.N., Husing, A., Kaaks, R., Machiela, M.J., Willett, W., Barrdahl, M., Canzian, F., Chin, S-F., Caldas, C., Hunter, D.J., Lindstrom, S., Garcia-Closas, M., Couch, F.J., Investigators, kConFab, Chenevix-Trench, G., Mannermaa, A., Andrulis, I.L., Hall, P., Chang-Claude, J., Easton, D.F., Bojesen, S.E., Cox, A., Fasching, P.A., Pharoah, P.D.P., Schmidt, M.K., and Investigators, NBCS
Abstract: Introduction: Previous studies have identified common germline variants nominally associated with breast cancer\ud survival. These associations have not been widely replicated in further studies. The purpose of this study was to\ud evaluate the association of previously reported SNPs with breast cancer-specific survival using data from a pooled\ud analysis of eight breast cancer survival genome-wide association studies (GWAS) from the Breast Cancer Association\ud Consortium.\ud Methods: A literature review was conducted of all previously published associations between common germline\ud variants and three survival outcomes: breast cancer-specific survival, overall survival and disease-free survival.\ud All associations that reached the nominal significance level of P value
Published: 2015

15. Two missense mutations in KCNQ1 cause pituitary hormone deficiency and maternally inherited gingival fibromatosis

Author: Tommiska, J. (Johanna), Känsäkoski, J. (Johanna), Skibsbye, L. (Lasse), Vaaralahti, K. (Kirsi), Liu, X. (Xiaonan), Lodge, E. J. (Emily J.), Tang, C. (Chuyi), Yuan, L. (Lei), Fagerholm, R. (Rainer), Kanters, J. K. (Jørgen K.), Lahermo, P. (Päivi), Kaunisto, M. (Mari), Keski-Filppula, R. (Riikka), Vuoristo, S. (Sanna), Pulli, K. (Kristiina), Ebeling, T. (Tapani), Valanne, L. (Leena), Sankila, E.-M. (Eeva-Marja), Kivirikko, S. (Sirpa), Lääperi, M. (Mitja), Casoni, F. (Filippo), Giacobini, P. (Paolo), Phan-Hug, F. (Franziska), Buki, T. (Tal), Tena-Sempere, M. (Manuel), Pitteloud, N. (Nelly), Veijola, R. (Riitta), Lipsanen-Nyman, M. (Marita), Kaunisto, K. (Kari), Mollard, P. (Patrice), Andoniadou, C. L. (Cynthia L.), Hirsch, J. A. (Joel A.), Varjosalo, M. (Markku), Jespersen, T. (Thomas), Raivio, T. (Taneli), Tommiska, J. (Johanna), Känsäkoski, J. (Johanna), Skibsbye, L. (Lasse), Vaaralahti, K. (Kirsi), Liu, X. (Xiaonan), Lodge, E. J. (Emily J.), Tang, C. (Chuyi), Yuan, L. (Lei), Fagerholm, R. (Rainer), Kanters, J. K. (Jørgen K.), Lahermo, P. (Päivi), Kaunisto, M. (Mari), Keski-Filppula, R. (Riikka), Vuoristo, S. (Sanna), Pulli, K. (Kristiina), Ebeling, T. (Tapani), Valanne, L. (Leena), Sankila, E.-M. (Eeva-Marja), Kivirikko, S. (Sirpa), Lääperi, M. (Mitja), Casoni, F. (Filippo), Giacobini, P. (Paolo), Phan-Hug, F. (Franziska), Buki, T. (Tal), Tena-Sempere, M. (Manuel), Pitteloud, N. (Nelly), Veijola, R. (Riitta), Lipsanen-Nyman, M. (Marita), Kaunisto, K. (Kari), Mollard, P. (Patrice), Andoniadou, C. L. (Cynthia L.), Hirsch, J. A. (Joel A.), Varjosalo, M. (Markku), Jespersen, T. (Thomas), and Raivio, T. (Taneli)
Abstract: Familial growth hormone deficiency provides an opportunity to identify new genetic causes of short stature. Here we combine linkage analysis with whole-genome resequencing in patients with growth hormone deficiency and maternally inherited gingival fibromatosis. We report that patients from three unrelated families harbor either of two missense mutations, c.347G>T p.(Arg116Leu) or c.1106C>T p.(Pro369Leu), in KCNQ1, a gene previously implicated in the long QT interval syndrome. Kcnq1 is expressed in hypothalamic GHRH neurons and pituitary somatotropes. Co-expressing KCNQ1 with the KCNE2 β-subunit shows that both KCNQ1 mutants increase current levels in patch clamp analyses and are associated with reduced pituitary hormone secretion from AtT-20 cells. In conclusion, our results reveal a role for the KCNQ1 potassium channel in the regulation of human growth, and show that growth hormone deficiency associated with maternally inherited gingival fibromatosis is an allelic disorder with cardiac arrhythmia syndromes caused by KCNQ1 mutations.
Published: 2017

16. TP53-based interaction analysis identifies cis-eQTL variants for TP53BP2, FBXO28, and FAM53A that associate with survival and treatment outcome in breast cancer

Author: Fagerholm, R. (Rainer), Khan, S. (Sofia), Schmidt, M.K. (Marjanka), García-Closas, M. (Montserrat), Heikkilä, P. (Päivi), Saarela, J. (Jani), Beesley, J. (Jonathan), Jamshidi, M. (Maral), Aittomäki, K. (Kristiina), Liu, J. (Jianjun), Ali, H.R. (Hamid Raza), Andrulis, I.L. (Irene), Beckmann, M.W. (Matthias), Behrens, T.W. (Timothy), Blows, F.M. (Fiona M.), Brenner, H. (Hermann), Chang-Claude, J. (Jenny), Couch, F.J. (Fergus), Czene, K. (Kamila), Fasching, P.A. (Peter), Figueroa, J.D. (Jonine), Floris, O.A.M., Glendon, G. (Gord), Guo, Q. (Qi), Hll, P. (Per), Hallberg, E. (Emily), Hamann, U. (Ute), Holleczek, B. (B.), Hooning, M.J. (Maartje), Hopper, J.L. (John), Jager, A. (Agnes), Kabisch, M. (Maria), Keeman, J.N., Kosma, V-M. (Veli-Matti), Lambrechts, D. (Diether), Lindblom, A. (Annika), Mannermaa, A. (Arto), Margolin, S. (Sara), Provenzano, E. (Elena), Shah, M. (Mitul), Southey, M.C. (Melissa), Dennis, J. (Joe), Lush, M. (Michael), Michailidou, K. (Kyriaki), Wang, Q. (Qin), Bolla, M.K. (Manjeet K.), Dunning, A.M. (Alison), Easton, D.F. (Douglas), Pharoah, P.D.P. (Paul), Chenevix-Trench, G. (Georgia), Blomqvist, C. (Carl), Nevanlinna, H. (Heli), Fagerholm, R. (Rainer), Khan, S. (Sofia), Schmidt, M.K. (Marjanka), García-Closas, M. (Montserrat), Heikkilä, P. (Päivi), Saarela, J. (Jani), Beesley, J. (Jonathan), Jamshidi, M. (Maral), Aittomäki, K. (Kristiina), Liu, J. (Jianjun), Ali, H.R. (Hamid Raza), Andrulis, I.L. (Irene), Beckmann, M.W. (Matthias), Behrens, T.W. (Timothy), Blows, F.M. (Fiona M.), Brenner, H. (Hermann), Chang-Claude, J. (Jenny), Couch, F.J. (Fergus), Czene, K. (Kamila), Fasching, P.A. (Peter), Figueroa, J.D. (Jonine), Floris, O.A.M., Glendon, G. (Gord), Guo, Q. (Qi), Hll, P. (Per), Hallberg, E. (Emily), Hamann, U. (Ute), Holleczek, B. (B.), Hooning, M.J. (Maartje), Hopper, J.L. (John), Jager, A. (Agnes), Kabisch, M. (Maria), Keeman, J.N., Kosma, V-M. (Veli-Matti), Lambrechts, D. (Diether), Lindblom, A. (Annika), Mannermaa, A. (Arto), Margolin, S. (Sara), Provenzano, E. (Elena), Shah, M. (Mitul), Southey, M.C. (Melissa), Dennis, J. (Joe), Lush, M. (Michael), Michailidou, K. (Kyriaki), Wang, Q. (Qin), Bolla, M.K. (Manjeet K.), Dunning, A.M. (Alison), Easton, D.F. (Douglas), Pharoah, P.D.P. (Paul), Chenevix-Trench, G. (Georgia), Blomqvist, C. (Carl), and Nevanlinna, H. (Heli)
Abstract: TP53 overexpression is indicative of somatic TP53 mutations and associates with aggressive tumors and poor prognosis in breast cancer. We utilized a twostage SNP association study to detect variants associated with breast cancer survival in a TP53-dependent manner. Initially, a genome-wide study (n = 575 cases) was conducted to discover candidate SNPs for genotyping and validation in the Breast Cancer Association Consortium (BCAC). The SNPs were then tested for interaction with tumor TP53 status (n = 4,610) and anthracycline treatment (n = 17,828). For SNPs interacting with anthracycline treatment, siRNA knockdown experiments were carried out to validate candidate genes. In the test for interaction between SNP genotype and TP53 status, we identified one locus, represented by rs10916264 (p(interaction) = 3.44 × 10-5; FDR-adjusted p = 0.0011) in estrogen receptor (ER) positive cases. The rs10916264 AA genotype associated with worse survival among cases with ER-positive, TP53-positive tumors (hazard ratio [HR] 2.36, 95% confidence interval [C.I] 1.45-3.82). This is a cis-eQTL locus for FBXO28 and TP53BP2; expression levels of these genes were associated with patient survival specifically in ER-positive, TP53-mutated tumors. Additionally, the SNP rs798755 was associated with survival in interaction with anthracycline treatment (p(interaction) = 9.57 × 10-5, FDR-adjusted p = 0.0130). RNAi-based depletion of a predicted regulatory target gene, FAM53A, indicated that this gene can modulate doxorubicin sensitivity in breast cancer cell lines. If confirmed in independent data sets, these results may be of clinical relevance in the development of prognostic and predictive marker panels for breast cancer.
Published: 2017
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17. TP53-based interaction analysis identifies cis-eQTL variants for TP53BP2, FBXO28, and FAM53A that associate with survival and treatment outcome in breast cancer

Author: Fagerholm, R, Khan, S, Schmidt, MK, Garcia-Closas, M, Heikkila, P, Saarela, J, Beesley, J, Jamshidi, M, Aittomaki, K, Liu, J, Ali, HR, Andrulis, IL, Beckmann, MW, Behrens, S, Blows, FM, Brenner, H, Chang-Claude, J, Couch, FJ, Czene, K, Fasching, PA, Figueroa, J, Floris, G, Glendon, G, Guo, Q, Hall, P, Hallberg, E, Hamann, U, Holleczek, B, Hooning, MJ, Hopper, JL, Jager, A, Kabisch, M, Keeman, R, Kosma, V-M, Lambrechts, D, Lindblom, A, Mannermaa, A, Margolin, S, Provenzano, E, Shah, M, Southey, MC, Dennis, J, Lush, M, Michailidou, K, Wang, Q, Bolla, MK, Dunning, AM, Easton, DF, Pharoah, PDP, Chenevix-Trench, G, Blomqvist, C, Nevanlinna, H, Fagerholm, R, Khan, S, Schmidt, MK, Garcia-Closas, M, Heikkila, P, Saarela, J, Beesley, J, Jamshidi, M, Aittomaki, K, Liu, J, Ali, HR, Andrulis, IL, Beckmann, MW, Behrens, S, Blows, FM, Brenner, H, Chang-Claude, J, Couch, FJ, Czene, K, Fasching, PA, Figueroa, J, Floris, G, Glendon, G, Guo, Q, Hall, P, Hallberg, E, Hamann, U, Holleczek, B, Hooning, MJ, Hopper, JL, Jager, A, Kabisch, M, Keeman, R, Kosma, V-M, Lambrechts, D, Lindblom, A, Mannermaa, A, Margolin, S, Provenzano, E, Shah, M, Southey, MC, Dennis, J, Lush, M, Michailidou, K, Wang, Q, Bolla, MK, Dunning, AM, Easton, DF, Pharoah, PDP, Chenevix-Trench, G, Blomqvist, C, and Nevanlinna, H
Abstract: TP53 overexpression is indicative of somatic TP53 mutations and associates with aggressive tumors and poor prognosis in breast cancer. We utilized a two-stage SNP association study to detect variants associated with breast cancer survival in a TP53-dependent manner. Initially, a genome-wide study (n = 575 cases) was conducted to discover candidate SNPs for genotyping and validation in the Breast Cancer Association Consortium (BCAC). The SNPs were then tested for interaction with tumor TP53 status (n = 4,610) and anthracycline treatment (n = 17,828). For SNPs interacting with anthracycline treatment, siRNA knockdown experiments were carried out to validate candidate genes.In the test for interaction between SNP genotype and TP53 status, we identified one locus, represented by rs10916264 (p(interaction) = 3.44 × 10-5; FDR-adjusted p = 0.0011) in estrogen receptor (ER) positive cases. The rs10916264 AA genotype associated with worse survival among cases with ER-positive, TP53-positive tumors (hazard ratio [HR] 2.36, 95% confidence interval [C.I] 1.45 - 3.82). This is a cis-eQTL locus for FBXO28 and TP53BP2; expression levels of these genes were associated with patient survival specifically in ER-positive, TP53-mutated tumors. Additionally, the SNP rs798755 was associated with survival in interaction with anthracycline treatment (p(interaction) = 9.57 × 10-5, FDR-adjusted p = 0.0130). RNAi-based depletion of a predicted regulatory target gene, FAM53A, indicated that this gene can modulate doxorubicin sensitivity in breast cancer cell lines.If confirmed in independent data sets, these results may be of clinical relevance in the development of prognostic and predictive marker panels for breast cancer.
Published: 2017

18. SNP-SNP interaction analysis of NF-kappa B signaling pathway on breast cancer survival

Author: Jamshidi, M, Fagerholm, R, Khan, Salima, Aittomaki, K, Czene, K, Darabi, H, Li, JM, Andrulis, IL, Chang-Claude, J, Devilee, P, Fasching, PA, Michailidou, K, Bolla, MK, Dennis, J, Wang, Q (Qing), Guo, Q, Rhenius, V, Cornelissen, S, Rudolph, A, Knight, JA, Loehberg, CR, Burwinkel, B, Marme, F, Hopper, JL, Southey, MC, Bojesen, SE, Flyger, H, Brenner, H, Holleczek, B, Margolin, S, Mannermaa, A, Kosma, VM, Van Dyck, L, Nevelsteen, I, Couch, FJ, Olson, JE, Giles, GG, McLean, C, Haiman, CA, Henderson, BE, Winqvist, R, Pylkas, K, Tollenaar, RAEM, Garcia-Closas, M, Figueroa, J, Hooning, Maartje, Martens, John, Cox, A, Cross, SS, Simard, J, Dunning, AM, Easton, DF, Pharoah, PDP, Hall, P, Blomqvist, C, Schmidt, MK (Marjanka), Nevanlinna, H, Obstetrics & Gynecology, Clinical Genetics, and Medical Oncology
Subjects: SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being
Abstract: In breast cancer, constitutive activation of NF-kappa B has been reported, however, the impact of genetic variation of the pathway on patient prognosis has been little studied. Furthermore, a combination of genetic variants, rather than single polymorphisms, may affect disease prognosis. Here, in an extensive dataset (n = 30,431) from the Breast Cancer Association Consortium, we investigated the association of 917 SNPs in 75 genes in the NF-kappa B pathway with breast cancer prognosis. We explored SNP-SNP interactions on survival using the likelihood-ratio test comparing multivariate Cox' regression models of SNP pairs without and with an interaction term. We found two interacting pairs associating with prognosis: patients simultaneously homozygous for the rare alleles of rs5996080 and rs7973914 had worse survival (HRinteraction 6.98, 95% CI= 3.3-14.4, P=1.42E-07), and patients carrying at least one rare allele for rs17243893 and rs57890595 had better survival (HRinteraction 0.51, 95% CI= 0.3-0.6, P = 2.19E-05). Based on in silico functional analyses and literature, we speculate that the rs5996080 and rs7973914 loci may affect the BAFFR and TNFR1/TNFR3 receptors and breast cancer survival, possibly by disturbing both the canonical and non-canonical NF-kappa B pathways or their dynamics, whereas, rs17243893-rs57890595 interaction on survival may be mediated through TRAF2-TRAIL-R4 interplay. These results warrant further validation and functional analyses.
Published: 2015

19. Performance of automated scoring of ER, PR, HER2, CK5/6 and EGFR in breast cancer tissue microarrays in the Breast Cancer Association Consortium

Author: Howat, W.J., Blows, F.M., Provenzano, E., Brook, M.N., Morris, L., Gazinska, P., Johnson, N., McDuffus, L.A., Miller, J., Sawyer, E.J., Pinder, S., van Deurzen, C.H., Jones, L., Sironen, R., Visscher, D., Caldas, C., Daley, F., Coulson, P., Broeks, A., Sanders, J., Wesseling, J., Nevanlinna, H., Fagerholm, R., Blomqvist, C., Heikkilä, P., Ali, H.R., Dawson, S.J., Figueroa, J., Lissowska, J., Brinton, L., Mannermaa, A., Kataja, V., Kosma, V.M., Cox, A., Brock, I.W., Cross, S.S., Reed, M.W., Couch, F.J., Olson, J.E., Devillee, P., Mesker, W.E., Seyaneve, C.M., Hollestelle, A., Benitez, J., Perez, J.I., Menéndez, P., Bolla, M.K., Easton, D.F., Schmidt, M.K., Pharoah, P.D., Sherman, M.E., García-Closas, M., Caldas, Carlos [0000-0003-3547-1489], Ali, Raza [0000-0001-7587-0906], Easton, Douglas [0000-0003-2444-3247], Pharoah, Paul [0000-0001-8494-732X], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clinicum, University of Helsinki, Department of Oncology, Department of Pathology, Medicum, Pathology, and Medical Oncology
Subjects: tissue microarrays, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, 3123 Gynaecology and paediatrics, 3122 Cancers, automated scoring, immunohistochemistry, Original Article, Original Articles, breast tumours, digital pathology
Abstract: Breast cancer risk factors and clinical outcomes vary by tumour marker expression. However, individual studies often lack the power required to assess these relationships, and large-scale analyses are limited by the need for high throughput, standardized scoring methods. To address these limitations, we assessed whether automated image analysis of immunohistochemically stained tissue microarrays can permit rapid, standardized scoring of tumour markers from multiple studies. Tissue microarray sections prepared in nine studies containing 20 263 cores from 8267 breast cancers stained for two nuclear (oestrogen receptor, progesterone receptor), two membranous (human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 and epidermal growth factor receptor) and one cytoplasmic (cytokeratin 5/6) marker were scanned as digital images. Automated algorithms were used to score markers in tumour cells using the Ariol system. We compared automated scores against visual reads, and their associations with breast cancer survival. Approximately 65–70% of tissue microarray cores were satisfactory for scoring. Among satisfactory cores, agreement between dichotomous automated and visual scores was highest for oestrogen receptor (Kappa = 0.76), followed by human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (Kappa = 0.69) and progesterone receptor (Kappa = 0.67). Automated quantitative scores for these markers were associated with hazard ratios for breast cancer mortality in a dose-response manner. Considering visual scores of epidermal growth factor receptor or cytokeratin 5/6 as the reference, automated scoring achieved excellent negative predictive value (96–98%), but yielded many false positives (positive predictive value = 30–32%). For all markers, we observed substantial heterogeneity in automated scoring performance across tissue microarrays. Automated analysis is a potentially useful tool for large-scale, quantitative scoring of immunohistochemically stained tissue microarrays available in consortia. However, continued optimization, rigorous marker-specific quality control measures and standardization of tissue microarray designs, staining and scoring protocols is needed to enhance results.
Published: 2015

20. Identification of novel genetic markers of breast cancer survival

Author: Guo, Q, Schmidt, Mk, Kraft, P, Canisius, S, Chen, C, Khan, S, Tyrer, J, Bolla, Mk, Wang, Q, Dennis, J, Michailidou, K, Lush, M, Kar, S, Beesley, J, Dunning, Am, Shah, M, Czene, K, Darabi, H, Eriksson, M, Lambrechts, D, Weltens, C, Leunen, K, Bojesen, Se, Nordestgaard, Bg, Nielsen, Sf, Flyger, H, Chang Claude, J, Rudolph, A, Seibold, P, Flesch Janys, D, Blomqvist, C, Aittomäki, K, Fagerholm, R, Muranen, Ta, Couch, Fj, Olson, Je, Vachon, C, Andrulis, Il, Knight, Ja, Glendon, G, Mulligan, Am, Broeks, A, Hogervorst, Fb, Haiman, Ca, Henderson, Be, Schumacher, F, Le Marchand, L, Hopper, Jl, Tsimiklis, H, Apicella, C, Southey, Mc, Cox, A, Cross, Ss, Reed, Mw, Giles, Gg, Milne, Rl, Mclean, C, Winqvist, R, Pylkäs, K, Jukkola Vuorinen, A, Grip, M, Hooning, Mj, Hollestelle, A, Martens, Jw, van den Ouweland, Am, Marme, F, Schneeweiss, A, Yang, R, Burwinkel, B, Figueroa, J, Chanock, Sj, Lissowska, J, Sawyer, Ej, Tomlinson, I, Kerin, Mj, Miller, N, Brenner, H, Dieffenbach, Ak, Arndt, V, Holleczek, B, Mannermaa, A, Kataja, V, Kosma, Vm, Hartikainen, Jm, Li, J, Brand, Js, Humphreys, K, Devilee, P, Tollenaar, Ra, Seynaeve, C, Radice, P, Peterlongo, P, Bonanni, B, Mariani, P, Fasching, Beckmann, Mw, Hein, A, Ekici, Ab, Chenevix Trench, G, Balleine, R, Kconfab, Investigators, Phillips, Ka, Benitez, J, Zamora, Mp, Arias Perez, Ji, Menéndez, P, Jakubowska, A, Lubinski, J, Jaworska Bieniek, K, Durda, K, Hamann, U, Kabisch, M, Ulmer, Hu, Rüdiger, T, Margolin, S, Kristensen, V, Nord, S, Evans, Dg, Abraham, Je, Earl, Hm, Hiller, L, Dunn, Ja, Bowden, S, Berg, C, Campa, Daniele, Diver, Wr, Gapstur, Sm, Gaudet, Mm, Hankinson, Se, Hoover, Rn, Hüsing, A, Kaaks, R, Machiela, Mj, Willett, W, Barrdahl, M, Canzian, F, Chin, Sf, Caldas, C, Hunter, Dj, Lindstrom, S, García Closas, M, Hall, P, Easton, Df, Eccles, Dm, Rahman, N, Nevanlinna, H, and Pharoah, P. d.
Subjects: GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION, SINGLE-NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS, GENOTYPE IMPUTATION, PROGNOSIS, RISK, LOCI, CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE, METAANALYSIS, PROGRESSION, EPIRUBICIN
Published: 2015

21. Heterogeneity of luminal breast cancer characterised by immunohistochemical expression of basal markers

Author: Sung, H, Garcia-Closas, M, Chang-Claude, J, Blows, FM, Ali, HR, Figueroa, J, Nevanlinna, H, Fagerholm, R, Heikkila, P, Blomqvist, C, Giles, GG, Milne, RL, Southey, MC, McLean, C, Mannermaa, A, Kosma, V-M, Kataja, V, Sironen, R, Couch, FJ, Olson, JE, Hallberg, E, Olswold, C, Cox, A, Cross, SS, Kraft, P, Tamimi, RM, Eliassen, AH, Schmidt, MK, Bolla, MK, Wang, Q, Easton, D, Howat, WJ, Coulson, P, Pharoah, PDP, Sherman, ME, Yang, XR, Sung, H, Garcia-Closas, M, Chang-Claude, J, Blows, FM, Ali, HR, Figueroa, J, Nevanlinna, H, Fagerholm, R, Heikkila, P, Blomqvist, C, Giles, GG, Milne, RL, Southey, MC, McLean, C, Mannermaa, A, Kosma, V-M, Kataja, V, Sironen, R, Couch, FJ, Olson, JE, Hallberg, E, Olswold, C, Cox, A, Cross, SS, Kraft, P, Tamimi, RM, Eliassen, AH, Schmidt, MK, Bolla, MK, Wang, Q, Easton, D, Howat, WJ, Coulson, P, Pharoah, PDP, Sherman, ME, and Yang, XR
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Luminal A breast cancer defined as hormone receptor positive and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) negative is known to be heterogeneous. Previous study showed that luminal A tumours with the expression of basal markers ((cytokeratin (CK) 5 or CK5/6) or epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)) were associated with poorer prognosis compared with those that stained negative for basal markers. Prompted by this study, we assessed whether tumour characteristics and risk factors differed by basal marker status within luminal A tumours. METHODS: We pooled 5040 luminal A cases defined by immunohistochemistry (4490 basal-negative ((CK5 (or CK5/6))- and EGFR-) and 550 basal-positive ((CK5 (or CK5/6+)) or EGFR+)) from eight studies participating in the Breast Cancer Association Consortium. Case-case comparison was performed using unconditional logistic regression. RESULTS: Tumour characteristics and risk factors did not vary significantly by the expression of basal markers, although results suggested that basal-positive luminal tumours tended to be smaller and node negative, and were more common in women with a positive family history and lower body mass index. CONCLUSIONS: Most established breast cancer risk factors were similar in basal-positive and basal-negative luminal A tumours. The non-significant but suggestive differences in tumour features and family history warrant further investigations.
Published: 2016

22. A polymorphism in the base excision repair gene PARP2 is associated with differential prognosis by chemotherapy among postmenopausal breast cancer patients

Author: Seibold, P. (Petra), Schmezer, P. (Peter), Behrens, T.W. (Timothy), Michailidou, K. (Kyriaki), Bolla, M.K. (Manjeet), Wang, Q. (Qing), Flesch-Janys, D. (Dieter), Nevanlinna, H. (Heli), Fagerholm, R. (Rainer), Aittomäki, K. (Kristiina), Blomqvist, C. (Carl), Margolin, S. (Sara), Mannermaa, A. (Arto), Kataja, V. (Vesa), Kosma, V-M. (Veli-Matti), Hartikainen, J.M. (J.), Lambrechts, D. (Diether), Wildiers, H. (Hans), Kristensen, V. (Vessela), Alnæs, G.G. (Grethe), Nord, S. (Silje), Borresen-Dale, A.-L. (Anne-Lise), Hooning, M.J. (Maartje), Hollestelle, A. (Antoinette), Jager, A. (Agnes), Seynaeve, C.M. (Caroline), Li, J. (Jingmei), Liu, J. (Jianjun), Humphreys, M.K. (Manjeet), Dunning, A.M. (Alison), Rhenius, V. (Valerie), Shah, M. (Mitul), Kabisch, M. (Maria), Torres, D. (Diana), Ulmer, H.U. (Hans), Hamann, U. (Ute), Schildkraut, J.M. (Joellen M.), Purrington, K.S. (Kristen S.), Couch, F.J. (Fergus), Hall, P. (Per), Pharoah, P.D.P. (Paul), Easton, D.F. (Douglas), Schmidt, M.K. (Marjanka), Chang-Claude, J. (Jenny), Popanda, O. (Odilia), Seibold, P. (Petra), Schmezer, P. (Peter), Behrens, T.W. (Timothy), Michailidou, K. (Kyriaki), Bolla, M.K. (Manjeet), Wang, Q. (Qing), Flesch-Janys, D. (Dieter), Nevanlinna, H. (Heli), Fagerholm, R. (Rainer), Aittomäki, K. (Kristiina), Blomqvist, C. (Carl), Margolin, S. (Sara), Mannermaa, A. (Arto), Kataja, V. (Vesa), Kosma, V-M. (Veli-Matti), Hartikainen, J.M. (J.), Lambrechts, D. (Diether), Wildiers, H. (Hans), Kristensen, V. (Vessela), Alnæs, G.G. (Grethe), Nord, S. (Silje), Borresen-Dale, A.-L. (Anne-Lise), Hooning, M.J. (Maartje), Hollestelle, A. (Antoinette), Jager, A. (Agnes), Seynaeve, C.M. (Caroline), Li, J. (Jingmei), Liu, J. (Jianjun), Humphreys, M.K. (Manjeet), Dunning, A.M. (Alison), Rhenius, V. (Valerie), Shah, M. (Mitul), Kabisch, M. (Maria), Torres, D. (Diana), Ulmer, H.U. (Hans), Hamann, U. (Ute), Schildkraut, J.M. (Joellen M.), Purrington, K.S. (Kristen S.), Couch, F.J. (Fergus), Hall, P. (Per), Pharoah, P.D.P. (Paul), Easton, D.F. (Douglas), Schmidt, M.K. (Marjanka), Chang-Claude, J. (Jenny), and Popanda, O. (Odilia)
Abstract: Background: Personalized therapy considering clinical and genetic patient characteristics will further improve breast cancer survival. Two widely used treatments, chemotherapy and radiotherapy, can induce oxidative DNA damage and, if not repaired, cell death. Since base excision repair (BER) activity is specific for oxidative DNA damage, we hypothesized that germline genetic variation in this pathway will affect breast cancer-specific survival depending on treatment. Methods: We assessed in 1,408 postmenopausal breast cancer patients from the German MARIE study whether cancer specific survival after adjuvant chemotherapy, anthracycline chemotherapy, and radiotherapy is modulated by 127 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) in 21 BER
Published: 2015
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23. Identification of novel genetic markers of breast cancer survival

Author: Guo, Q. (Qi), Schmidt, M.K. (Marjanka), Kraft, P. (Peter), Canisius, S. (Sander), Chen, C. (Constance), Khan, S. (Sofia), Tyrer, J.P. (Jonathan), Bolla, M.K. (Manjeet), Wang, Q. (Qing), Dennis, J. (Joe), Michailidou, K. (Kyriaki), Lush, M. (Michael), Kar, S. (Siddhartha), Beesley, J. (Jonathan), Dunning, A.M. (Alison), Shah, M. (Mitul), Czene, K. (Kamila), Darabi, H. (Hatef), Eriksson, M. (Mikael), Lambrechts, D. (Diether), Weltens, C. (Caroline), Leunen, K., Bojesen, S.E. (Stig), Nordestgaard, B.G. (Børge), Nielsen, S.F. (Sune), Flyger, H. (Henrik), Chang-Claude, J. (Jenny), Rudolph, A. (Anja), Seibold, P. (Petra), Flesch-Janys, D. (Dieter), Blomqvist, C. (Carl), Aittomäki, K. (Kristiina), Fagerholm, R. (Rainer), Muranen, T.A. (Taru), Couch, F.J. (Fergus), Olson, J.E. (Janet), Vachon, C. (Celine), Andrulis, I.L. (Irene), Knight, J.A. (Julia), Glendon, G. (Gord), Mulligan, A.-M. (Anna-Marie), Broeks, A. (Annegien), Hogervorst, F.B.L. (Frans), Haiman, C.A. (Christopher), Henderson, B.E. (Brian), Schumacher, F.R. (Fredrick), Le Marchand, L. (Loic), Hopper, J. (John), Tsimiklis, H. (Helen), Apicella, C. (Carmel), Southey, M.C. (Melissa), Cox, A. (Angela), Cross, S.S. (Simon), Reed, M.W.R. (Malcolm), Giles, G.G. (Graham G.), Milne, R.L. (Roger L.), McLean, C.A. (Catriona Ann), Winqvist, R. (Robert), Pykäs, K. (Katri), Jukkola-Vuorinen, A. (Arja), Grip, M. (Mervi), Hooning, M.J. (Maartje), Hollestelle, A. (Antoinette), Martens, J.W.M. (John W. M.), Ouweland, A.M.W. (Ans) van den, Marme, F. (Federick), Schneeweiss, A. (Andreas), Yang, R. (Rongxi), Burwinkel, B. (Barbara), Figueroa, J.D. (Jonine), Chanock, S.J. (Stephen), Lissowska, J. (Jolanta), Sawyer, E.J. (Elinor), Tomlinson, I.P. (Ian), Kerin, M. (Michael), Miller, N. (Nicola), Brenner, H. (Hermann), Dieffenbach, A.K. (Aida Karina), Arndt, V. (Volker), Holleczek, B. (B.), Mannermaa, A. (Arto), Kataja, V. (Vesa), Kosma, V-M. (Veli-Matti), Hartikainen, J.M. (J.), Li, J. (Jingmei), Brand, J.S. (Judith S.), Humphreys, M.K. (Manjeet), Devilee, P. (Peter), Tollenaar, R.A.E.M. (Rob), Seynaeve, C.M. (Caroline), Radice, P. (Paolo), Peterlongo, P. (Paolo), Bonnani, B. (Bernardo), Mariani, P. (Paolo), Fasching, P.A. (Peter), Beckmann, M.W. (Matthias), Hein, R. (Rebecca), Ekici, A.B. (Arif), Chenevix-Trench, G. (Georgia), Balleine, R. (Rosemary), Phillips, K.-A. (Kelly-Anne), Benítez, J. (Javier), Zamora, M.P. (Pilar), Arias Pérez, J.I. (José Ignacio), Menéndez, P. (Primitiva), Jakubowska, A. (Anna), Lubinski, J. (Jan), Jaworska-Bieniek, K. (Katarzyna), Durda, K. (Katarzyna), Hamann, U. (Ute), Kabisch, M. (Maria), Ulmer, H.U. (Hans), Rud̈iger, T. (Thomas), Margolin, S. (Sara), Kristensen, V. (Vessela), Nord, S. (Silje), Evans, D.G. (Gareth), Abraham, J. (Jean), Earl, H. (Helena), Hiller, L. (Louise), Dunn, J.A. (J.), Bowden, S. (Sarah), Berg, C.D. (Christine), Campa, D. (Daniele), Diver, W.R. (Ryan), Gapstur, S.M. (Susan M.), Gaudet, M.M. (Mia), Hankinson, S.E. (Susan), Hoover, R.N. (Robert), Hüsing, A. (Anika), Kaaks, R. (Rudolf), Machiela, M.J. (Mitchell J.), Willett, W.C. (Walter C.), Barrdahl, M. (Myrto), Canzian, F. (Federico), Chin, S.-F. (Suet-Feung), Caldas, C. (Carlos), Hunter, D. (David), Lindstrom, S. (Stephen), García-Closas, M. (Montserrat), Hall, P. (Per), Easton, D.F. (Douglas), Eccles, D. (Diana), Rahman, N. (Nazneen), Nevanlinna, H. (Heli), Pharoah, P.D.P. (Paul), Guo, Q. (Qi), Schmidt, M.K. (Marjanka), Kraft, P. (Peter), Canisius, S. (Sander), Chen, C. (Constance), Khan, S. (Sofia), Tyrer, J.P. (Jonathan), Bolla, M.K. (Manjeet), Wang, Q. (Qing), Dennis, J. (Joe), Michailidou, K. (Kyriaki), Lush, M. (Michael), Kar, S. (Siddhartha), Beesley, J. (Jonathan), Dunning, A.M. (Alison), Shah, M. (Mitul), Czene, K. (Kamila), Darabi, H. (Hatef), Eriksson, M. (Mikael), Lambrechts, D. (Diether), Weltens, C. (Caroline), Leunen, K., Bojesen, S.E. (Stig), Nordestgaard, B.G. (Børge), Nielsen, S.F. (Sune), Flyger, H. (Henrik), Chang-Claude, J. (Jenny), Rudolph, A. (Anja), Seibold, P. (Petra), Flesch-Janys, D. (Dieter), Blomqvist, C. (Carl), Aittomäki, K. (Kristiina), Fagerholm, R. (Rainer), Muranen, T.A. (Taru), Couch, F.J. (Fergus), Olson, J.E. (Janet), Vachon, C. (Celine), Andrulis, I.L. (Irene), Knight, J.A. (Julia), Glendon, G. (Gord), Mulligan, A.-M. (Anna-Marie), Broeks, A. (Annegien), Hogervorst, F.B.L. (Frans), Haiman, C.A. (Christopher), Henderson, B.E. (Brian), Schumacher, F.R. (Fredrick), Le Marchand, L. (Loic), Hopper, J. (John), Tsimiklis, H. (Helen), Apicella, C. (Carmel), Southey, M.C. (Melissa), Cox, A. (Angela), Cross, S.S. (Simon), Reed, M.W.R. (Malcolm), Giles, G.G. (Graham G.), Milne, R.L. (Roger L.), McLean, C.A. (Catriona Ann), Winqvist, R. (Robert), Pykäs, K. (Katri), Jukkola-Vuorinen, A. (Arja), Grip, M. (Mervi), Hooning, M.J. (Maartje), Hollestelle, A. (Antoinette), Martens, J.W.M. (John W. M.), Ouweland, A.M.W. (Ans) van den, Marme, F. (Federick), Schneeweiss, A. (Andreas), Yang, R. (Rongxi), Burwinkel, B. (Barbara), Figueroa, J.D. (Jonine), Chanock, S.J. (Stephen), Lissowska, J. (Jolanta), Sawyer, E.J. (Elinor), Tomlinson, I.P. (Ian), Kerin, M. (Michael), Miller, N. (Nicola), Brenner, H. (Hermann), Dieffenbach, A.K. (Aida Karina), Arndt, V. (Volker), Holleczek, B. (B.), Mannermaa, A. (Arto), Kataja, V. (Vesa), Kosma, V-M. (Veli-Matti), Hartikainen, J.M. (J.), Li, J. (Jingmei), Brand, J.S. (Judith S.), Humphreys, M.K. (Manjeet), Devilee, P. (Peter), Tollenaar, R.A.E.M. (Rob), Seynaeve, C.M. (Caroline), Radice, P. (Paolo), Peterlongo, P. (Paolo), Bonnani, B. (Bernardo), Mariani, P. (Paolo), Fasching, P.A. (Peter), Beckmann, M.W. (Matthias), Hein, R. (Rebecca), Ekici, A.B. (Arif), Chenevix-Trench, G. (Georgia), Balleine, R. (Rosemary), Phillips, K.-A. (Kelly-Anne), Benítez, J. (Javier), Zamora, M.P. (Pilar), Arias Pérez, J.I. (José Ignacio), Menéndez, P. (Primitiva), Jakubowska, A. (Anna), Lubinski, J. (Jan), Jaworska-Bieniek, K. (Katarzyna), Durda, K. (Katarzyna), Hamann, U. (Ute), Kabisch, M. (Maria), Ulmer, H.U. (Hans), Rud̈iger, T. (Thomas), Margolin, S. (Sara), Kristensen, V. (Vessela), Nord, S. (Silje), Evans, D.G. (Gareth), Abraham, J. (Jean), Earl, H. (Helena), Hiller, L. (Louise), Dunn, J.A. (J.), Bowden, S. (Sarah), Berg, C.D. (Christine), Campa, D. (Daniele), Diver, W.R. (Ryan), Gapstur, S.M. (Susan M.), Gaudet, M.M. (Mia), Hankinson, S.E. (Susan), Hoover, R.N. (Robert), Hüsing, A. (Anika), Kaaks, R. (Rudolf), Machiela, M.J. (Mitchell J.), Willett, W.C. (Walter C.), Barrdahl, M. (Myrto), Canzian, F. (Federico), Chin, S.-F. (Suet-Feung), Caldas, C. (Carlos), Hunter, D. (David), Lindstrom, S. (Stephen), García-Closas, M. (Montserrat), Hall, P. (Per), Easton, D.F. (Douglas), Eccles, D. (Diana), Rahman, N. (Nazneen), Nevanlinna, H. (Heli), and Pharoah, P.D.P. (Paul)
Abstract: Background: Survival after a diagnosis of breast cancer varies considerably between patients, and some of this variation may be because of germline genetic variation. We aimed to identify genetic markers associated with breast cancer-specific survival. Methods: We conducted a large meta-analysis of studies in populations of European ancestry, including 37954 patients with 2900 deaths from breast cancer. Each study had been genotyped for between 200000 and 900000 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) across the genome; genotypes for nine million common variants were imputed using a common reference panel from the 1000 Genomes Project. We also carried out subtype-specific analyses based on 6881 estrogen receptor (ER)-negative patients (920 events) and 23059 ER-positive patients (1333 events). All statistical tests were two-sided. Results: We identified one new locus (rs2059614 at 11q24.2) associated with survival in ER-negative breast cancer cases (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.95, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.55 to 2.47, P = 1.91 x 10-8). Genotyping a subset of 2113 case patients, of which 300 were ER negative, provided supporting evidence for the quality of the imputation. The association in this set of case patients was stronger for the observed genotypes than for the imputed genotypes. A second locus (rs148760487 at 2q24.2) was associated at genome-wide statistical significance in initial analyses; the association was similar in ER-positive and ER-negative case patients. Here the results of genotyping suggested that the finding was less robust. Conclusions: This is currently the largest study investigating genetic variation associated with breast cancer survival. Our results have potential clinical implications, as they confirm that germline genotype can provide prognostic information in addition to standard tumor prognostic factors.
Published: 2015
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24. Common germline polymorphisms associated with breast cancer-specific survival

Author: Pirie, A. (Ailith), Guo, Q. (Qi), Kraft, P. (Peter), Canisius, S. (Sander), Eccles, D. (Diana), Rahman, N. (Nazneen), Nevanlinna, H. (Heli), Chen, C. (Constance), Khan, S. (Sofia), Tyrer, J.P. (Jonathan), Bolla, M.K. (Manjeet), Wang, Q. (Qing), Dennis, J. (Joe), Michailidou, K. (Kyriaki), Lush, M. (Michael), Dunning, A.M. (Alison), Shah, M. (Mitul), Czene, K. (Kamila), Darabi, H. (Hatef), Eriksson, M. (Mats), Lambrechts, D. (Diether), Weltens, C. (Caroline), Leunen, K., van Ongeval, C. (Chantal), Nordestgaard, B.G. (Børge), Nielsen, S.F. (Sune), Flyger, H. (Henrik), Rudolph, A. (Anja), Seibold, P. (Petra), Flesch-Janys, D. (Dieter), Blomqvist, C. (Carl), Aittomäki, K. (Kristiina), Fagerholm, R. (Rainer), Muranen, T.A. (Taru), Olsen, J.E. (Janet E.), Hallberg, B. (Boubou), Vachon, C. (Celine), Knight, J.A. (Julia), Glendon, G. (Gord), Mulligan, A.M. (Anna Marie), Broeks, A. (Annegien), Cornelissen, S. (Sten), Haiman, C.A. (Christopher), Henderson, B.E. (Brian), Schumacher, F. (Frederick), Le Marchand, L. (Loic), Hopper, J.L. (John), Tsimiklis, H. (Helen), Apicella, C. (Carmel), Southey, M.C. (Melissa), Cross, S.S. (Simon), Reed, M.W.R. (Malcolm), Giles, G.G. (Graham), Milne, R.L. (Roger), McLean, C.A. (Catriona Ann), Winqvist, R. (Robert), Pykäs, K. (Katri), Jukkola-Vuorinen, A. (Arja), Grip, M. (Mervi), Hooning, M.J. (Maartje), Hollestelle, A. (Antoinette), Martens, J.W.M. (John), Ouweland, A.M.W. (Ans) van den, Marme, F. (Federick), Schneeweiss, A. (Andreas), Yang, R. (Rongxi), Burwinkel, B. (Barbara), Figueroa, J.D. (Jonine), Chanock, S.J. (Stephen), Lissowska, J. (Jolanta), Sawyer, E.J. (Elinor), Tomlinson, I.P. (Ian), Kerin, M. (Michael), Miller, N. (Nicola), Brenner, H. (Hermann), Butterbach, K. (Katja), Holleczek, B. (B.), Kataja, V. (Vesa), Kosma, V-M. (Veli-Matti), Hartikainen, J.M. (J.), Li, J. (Jingmei), Brand, J.S. (Judith S.), Humphreys, M.K. (Manjeet), Devilee, P. (Peter), Tollenaar, R.A.E.M. (Rob), Seynaeve, C.M. (Caroline), Radice, P. (Paolo), Peterlongo, P. (Paolo), Manoukian, S. (Siranoush), Ficarazzi, F. (Filomena), Beckmann, M.W. (Matthias), Hein, R. (Rebecca), Ekici, A.B. (Arif), Balleine, R. (Rosemary), Phillips, K.-A. (Kelly-Anne), Benítez, J. (Javier), Zamora, M.P. (Pilar), Perez, J.I.A. (Jose Ignacio Arias), Menéndez, P. (Primitiva), Jakubowska, A. (Anna), Lubinski, J. (Jan), Gronwald, J. (Jacek), Durda, K. (Katarzyna), Hamann, U. (Ute), Kabisch, M. (Maria), Ulmer, H.U. (Hans), Rud̈iger, T. (Thomas), Margolin, S. (Sara), Kristensen, V. (Vessela), Nord, S. (Siljie), Evans, D.G. (Gareth), Abraham, J. (Jean), Earl, H. (Helena), Poole, C.J. (Christopher J.), Hiller, L. (Louise), Dunn, J.A. (J.), Bowden, S. (Sarah), Yang, R. (Rose), Campa, D. (Daniele), Diver, W.R. (Ryan), Gapstur, S.M. (Susan M.), Gaudet, M.M. (Mia), Hankinson, S.E. (Susan), Hoover, R.N. (Robert), Hüsing, A. (Anika), Kaaks, R. (Rudolf), Machiela, M.J. (Mitchell J.), Willett, W.C. (Walter C.), Barrdahl, M. (Myrto), Canzian, F. (Federico), Chin, S.-F. (Suet-Feung), Caldas, C. (Carlos), Hunter, D. (David), Lindstrom, S. (Stephen), García-Closas, M. (Montserrat), Couch, F.J. (Fergus), Chenevix-Trench, G. (Georgia), Mannermaa, A. (Arto), Andrulis, I.L. (Irene), Hall, P. (Per), Chang-Claude, J. (Jenny), Easton, D.F. (Douglas), Bojesen, S.E. (Stig), Cox, A. (Angela), Fasching, P.A. (Peter), Pharoah, P.D.P. (Paul), Schmidt, M.K. (Marjanka), Pirie, A. (Ailith), Guo, Q. (Qi), Kraft, P. (Peter), Canisius, S. (Sander), Eccles, D. (Diana), Rahman, N. (Nazneen), Nevanlinna, H. (Heli), Chen, C. (Constance), Khan, S. (Sofia), Tyrer, J.P. (Jonathan), Bolla, M.K. (Manjeet), Wang, Q. (Qing), Dennis, J. (Joe), Michailidou, K. (Kyriaki), Lush, M. (Michael), Dunning, A.M. (Alison), Shah, M. (Mitul), Czene, K. (Kamila), Darabi, H. (Hatef), Eriksson, M. (Mats), Lambrechts, D. (Diether), Weltens, C. (Caroline), Leunen, K., van Ongeval, C. (Chantal), Nordestgaard, B.G. (Børge), Nielsen, S.F. (Sune), Flyger, H. (Henrik), Rudolph, A. (Anja), Seibold, P. (Petra), Flesch-Janys, D. (Dieter), Blomqvist, C. (Carl), Aittomäki, K. (Kristiina), Fagerholm, R. (Rainer), Muranen, T.A. (Taru), Olsen, J.E. (Janet E.), Hallberg, B. (Boubou), Vachon, C. (Celine), Knight, J.A. (Julia), Glendon, G. (Gord), Mulligan, A.M. (Anna Marie), Broeks, A. (Annegien), Cornelissen, S. (Sten), Haiman, C.A. (Christopher), Henderson, B.E. (Brian), Schumacher, F. (Frederick), Le Marchand, L. (Loic), Hopper, J.L. (John), Tsimiklis, H. (Helen), Apicella, C. (Carmel), Southey, M.C. (Melissa), Cross, S.S. (Simon), Reed, M.W.R. (Malcolm), Giles, G.G. (Graham), Milne, R.L. (Roger), McLean, C.A. (Catriona Ann), Winqvist, R. (Robert), Pykäs, K. (Katri), Jukkola-Vuorinen, A. (Arja), Grip, M. (Mervi), Hooning, M.J. (Maartje), Hollestelle, A. (Antoinette), Martens, J.W.M. (John), Ouweland, A.M.W. (Ans) van den, Marme, F. (Federick), Schneeweiss, A. (Andreas), Yang, R. (Rongxi), Burwinkel, B. (Barbara), Figueroa, J.D. (Jonine), Chanock, S.J. (Stephen), Lissowska, J. (Jolanta), Sawyer, E.J. (Elinor), Tomlinson, I.P. (Ian), Kerin, M. (Michael), Miller, N. (Nicola), Brenner, H. (Hermann), Butterbach, K. (Katja), Holleczek, B. (B.), Kataja, V. (Vesa), Kosma, V-M. (Veli-Matti), Hartikainen, J.M. (J.), Li, J. (Jingmei), Brand, J.S. (Judith S.), Humphreys, M.K. (Manjeet), Devilee, P. (Peter), Tollenaar, R.A.E.M. (Rob), Seynaeve, C.M. (Caroline), Radice, P. (Paolo), Peterlongo, P. (Paolo), Manoukian, S. (Siranoush), Ficarazzi, F. (Filomena), Beckmann, M.W. (Matthias), Hein, R. (Rebecca), Ekici, A.B. (Arif), Balleine, R. (Rosemary), Phillips, K.-A. (Kelly-Anne), Benítez, J. (Javier), Zamora, M.P. (Pilar), Perez, J.I.A. (Jose Ignacio Arias), Menéndez, P. (Primitiva), Jakubowska, A. (Anna), Lubinski, J. (Jan), Gronwald, J. (Jacek), Durda, K. (Katarzyna), Hamann, U. (Ute), Kabisch, M. (Maria), Ulmer, H.U. (Hans), Rud̈iger, T. (Thomas), Margolin, S. (Sara), Kristensen, V. (Vessela), Nord, S. (Siljie), Evans, D.G. (Gareth), Abraham, J. (Jean), Earl, H. (Helena), Poole, C.J. (Christopher J.), Hiller, L. (Louise), Dunn, J.A. (J.), Bowden, S. (Sarah), Yang, R. (Rose), Campa, D. (Daniele), Diver, W.R. (Ryan), Gapstur, S.M. (Susan M.), Gaudet, M.M. (Mia), Hankinson, S.E. (Susan), Hoover, R.N. (Robert), Hüsing, A. (Anika), Kaaks, R. (Rudolf), Machiela, M.J. (Mitchell J.), Willett, W.C. (Walter C.), Barrdahl, M. (Myrto), Canzian, F. (Federico), Chin, S.-F. (Suet-Feung), Caldas, C. (Carlos), Hunter, D. (David), Lindstrom, S. (Stephen), García-Closas, M. (Montserrat), Couch, F.J. (Fergus), Chenevix-Trench, G. (Georgia), Mannermaa, A. (Arto), Andrulis, I.L. (Irene), Hall, P. (Per), Chang-Claude, J. (Jenny), Easton, D.F. (Douglas), Bojesen, S.E. (Stig), Cox, A. (Angela), Fasching, P.A. (Peter), Pharoah, P.D.P. (Paul), and Schmidt, M.K. (Marjanka)
Abstract: Introduction: Previous studies have identified common germline variants nominally associated with breast cancer survival. These associations have not been widely replicated in further studies. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association of previously reported SNPs with breast cancer-specific survival using data from a pooled analysis of eight breast cancer survival genome-wide association studies (GWAS) from the Breast Cancer Association Consortium. Methods: A literature review was conducted of all previously published associations between common germline variants and three survival outcomes: breast cancer-specific survival, overall survival and disease-free survival. All associations that reached the nominal significance level of P value <0.05 were included. Single nucleotide polymorphisms that had been previously reported as nominally associated with at least one survival outcome were evaluated in the pooled analysis of over 37,000 breast cancer cases for association with breast cancer-specific survival. Previous associations were evaluated using a one-sided test based on the reported direction of effect. Results: Fifty-six variants from 45 previous publications were evaluated in the meta-analysis. Fifty-four of these were evaluated in the full set of 37,954 breast cancer cases with 2,900 events and the two additional variants were evaluated in a reduced sample size of 30,000 samples in order to ensure independence from the previously published studies. Five variants reached nominal significance (P <0.05) in the pooled GWAS data compared to 2.8 expected under the null hypothesis. Seven additional variants were associated (P <0.05) with ER-positive disease. Conclusions: Although no variants reached genome-wide significance (P <5 x 10-8), these results suggest that there is some evidence of association between candidate common germline variants an
Published: 2015
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25. Annexin A1 expression in a pooled breast cancer series: Association with tumor subtypes and prognosis

Author: Sobral-Leite, M. (Marcelo), Wesseling, J. (Jelle), Smit, V.T.H.B.M. (Vincent), Nevanlinna, H. (Heli), van Miltenburg, M.H. (Martine H.), Sanders, J. (Joyce), Hofland, I. (Ingrid), Blows, F. (Fiona), Coulson, P. (Penny), Patrycja, G. (Gazinska), Schellens, J.H.M. (Jan), Fagerholm, R. (Rainer), Heikkilä, P. (Päivi), Aittomäki, K. (Kristiina), Blomqvist, C. (Carl), Provenzano, E. (Elena), Ali, H.R. (Hamid Raza), Figueroa, J.D. (Jonine), Sherman, M.E. (Mark), Lissowska, J. (Jolanta), Mannermaa, A. (Arto), Kataja, V. (Vesa), Kosma, V-M. (Veli-Matti), Hartikainen, J.M. (J.), Phillips, K.-A. (Kelly-Anne), Couch, F.J. (Fergus), Olson, J.E. (Janet), Vachon, C. (Celine), Visscher, D. (Daniel), Brenner, H. (Hermann), Butterbach, K. (Katja), Arndt, V. (Volker), Holleczek, B. (B.), Hooning, M.J. (Maartje), Hollestelle, A. (Antoinette), Martens, J.W.M. (John), Deurzen, C.H.M. (Carolien) van, Van de Water, B. (Bob), Broeks, A. (Annegien), Chang-Claude, J. (Jenny), Chenevix-Trench, G. (Georgia), Easton, D.F. (Douglas), Pharoah, P.D.P. (Paul), García-Closas, M. (Montserrat), de Graauw, M. (Marjo), Schmidt, M.K. (Marjanka), Sobral-Leite, M. (Marcelo), Wesseling, J. (Jelle), Smit, V.T.H.B.M. (Vincent), Nevanlinna, H. (Heli), van Miltenburg, M.H. (Martine H.), Sanders, J. (Joyce), Hofland, I. (Ingrid), Blows, F. (Fiona), Coulson, P. (Penny), Patrycja, G. (Gazinska), Schellens, J.H.M. (Jan), Fagerholm, R. (Rainer), Heikkilä, P. (Päivi), Aittomäki, K. (Kristiina), Blomqvist, C. (Carl), Provenzano, E. (Elena), Ali, H.R. (Hamid Raza), Figueroa, J.D. (Jonine), Sherman, M.E. (Mark), Lissowska, J. (Jolanta), Mannermaa, A. (Arto), Kataja, V. (Vesa), Kosma, V-M. (Veli-Matti), Hartikainen, J.M. (J.), Phillips, K.-A. (Kelly-Anne), Couch, F.J. (Fergus), Olson, J.E. (Janet), Vachon, C. (Celine), Visscher, D. (Daniel), Brenner, H. (Hermann), Butterbach, K. (Katja), Arndt, V. (Volker), Holleczek, B. (B.), Hooning, M.J. (Maartje), Hollestelle, A. (Antoinette), Martens, J.W.M. (John), Deurzen, C.H.M. (Carolien) van, Van de Water, B. (Bob), Broeks, A. (Annegien), Chang-Claude, J. (Jenny), Chenevix-Trench, G. (Georgia), Easton, D.F. (Douglas), Pharoah, P.D.P. (Paul), García-Closas, M. (Montserrat), de Graauw, M. (Marjo), and Schmidt, M.K. (Marjanka)
Abstract: Background: Annexin A1 (ANXA1) is a protein related with the carcinogenesis process and metastasis formation in many tumors. However, little is known about the prognostic value of ANXA1 in breast cancer. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the association between ANXA1 expression, BRCA1/2 germline carriership, specific tumor subtypes and survival in breast cancer patients. Methods: Clinical-pathological information and follow-up data were collected from nine breast cancer studies from the Breast Cancer Association Consortium (BCAC) (n = 5,752) and from one study of familial breast cancer patients with BRCA1/2 mutations (n = 107). ANXA1 expression was scored based on the percentage of immunohistochemical staining in tumor cells. Survival analyses were performed using a multivariable Cox model. Results: The frequency of ANXA1 positive tumors was higher in familial breast cancer patients with BRCA1/2 mutations than in BCAC patients, with 48.6 % versus 12.4 %, respectively; P <0.0001. ANXA1 was also highly expressed in BCAC tumors that were poorly differentiated, triple negative, EGFR-CK5/6 positive or had developed in patients at a young age. In the first 5 years of follow-up, patients with ANXA1 positive tumors had a worse breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS) than ANXA1 negative (HRadj = 1.35; 95 % CI = 1.05-1.73), but the association weakened after 10 years (HRadj = 1.13; 95 % CI = 0.91-1.40). ANXA1 was a significant independent predictor of survival in HER2+ patients (10-years BCSS: HRadj = 1.70; 95 % CI = 1.17-2.45). Conclusions: ANXA1 is overexpressed in familial breast cancer patients with BRCA1/2 mutations and correlated with poor prognosis features: triple negative and poorly differentiated tumors. ANXA1 might be a biomarker candidate for breast cancer survival prediction in high risk groups such as HER2+ cases.
Published: 2015
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26. The SNP rs6500843 in 16p13.3 is associated with survival specifically among chemotherapy-treated breast cancer patients

Author: Fagerholm, R, Schmidt, MK, Khan, S, Rafiq, S, Tapper, W, Aittomaki, K, Greco, D, Heikkinen, T, Muranen, TA, Fasching, PA, Janni, W, Weinshilboum, R, Loehberg, CR, Hopper, JL, Southey, MC, Keeman, R, Lindblom, A, Margolin, S, Mannermaa, A, Kataja, V, Chenevix-Trench, G, Lambrechts, D, Wildiers, H, Chang-Claude, J, Seibold, P, Couch, FJ, Olson, JE, Andrulis, IL, Knight, JA, Garcia-Closas, M, Figueroa, J, Hooning, MJ, Jager, A, Shah, M, Perkins, BJ, Luben, R, Hamann, U, Kabisch, M, Czene, K, Hall, P, Easton, DF, Pharoah, PDP, Liu, J, Eccles, D, Blomqvist, C, Nevanlinna, H, Fagerholm, R, Schmidt, MK, Khan, S, Rafiq, S, Tapper, W, Aittomaki, K, Greco, D, Heikkinen, T, Muranen, TA, Fasching, PA, Janni, W, Weinshilboum, R, Loehberg, CR, Hopper, JL, Southey, MC, Keeman, R, Lindblom, A, Margolin, S, Mannermaa, A, Kataja, V, Chenevix-Trench, G, Lambrechts, D, Wildiers, H, Chang-Claude, J, Seibold, P, Couch, FJ, Olson, JE, Andrulis, IL, Knight, JA, Garcia-Closas, M, Figueroa, J, Hooning, MJ, Jager, A, Shah, M, Perkins, BJ, Luben, R, Hamann, U, Kabisch, M, Czene, K, Hall, P, Easton, DF, Pharoah, PDP, Liu, J, Eccles, D, Blomqvist, C, and Nevanlinna, H
Abstract: We have utilized a two-stage study design to search for SNPs associated with the survival of breast cancer patients treated with adjuvant chemotherapy. Our initial GWS data set consisted of 805 Finnish breast cancer cases (360 treated with adjuvant chemotherapy). The top 39 SNPs from this stage were analyzed in three independent data sets: iCOGS (n=6720 chemotherapy-treated cases), SUCCESS-A (n=3596), and POSH (n=518). Two SNPs were successfully validated: rs6500843 (any chemotherapy; per-allele HR 1.16, 95% C.I. 1.08-1.26, p=0.0001, p(adjusted)=0.0091), and rs11155012 (anthracycline therapy; per-allele HR 1.21, 95% C.I. 1.08-1.35, p=0.0010, p(adjusted)=0.0270). The SNP rs6500843 was found to specifically interact with adjuvant chemotherapy, independently of standard prognostic markers (p(interaction)=0.0009), with the rs6500843-GG genotype corresponding to the highest hazard among chemotherapy-treated cases (HR 1.47, 95% C.I. 1.20-1.80). Upon trans-eQTL analysis of public microarray data, the rs6500843 locus was found to associate with the expression of a group of genes involved in cell cycle control, notably AURKA, the expression of which also exhibited differential prognostic value between chemotherapy-treated and untreated cases in our analysis of microarray data. Based on previously published information, we propose that the eQTL genes may be connected to the rs6500843 locus via a RBFOX1-FOXM1 -mediated regulatory pathway.
Published: 2015

27. Common germline polymorphisms associated with breast cancer-specific survival

Author: Pirie, A, Guo, Q, Kraft, P, Canisius, S, Eccles, DM, Rahman, N, Nevanlinna, H, Chen, C, Khan, S, Tyrer, J, Bolla, MK, Wang, Q, Dennis, J, Michailidou, K, Lush, M, Dunning, AM, Shah, M, Czene, K, Darabi, H, Eriksson, M, Lambrechts, D, Weltens, C, Leunen, K, van Ongeval, C, Nordestgaard, BG, Nielsen, SF, Flyger, H, Rudolph, A, Seibold, P, Flesch-Janys, D, Blomqvist, C, Aittomaki, K, Fagerholm, R, Muranen, TA, Olsen, JE, Hallberg, E, Vachon, C, Knight, JA, Glendon, G, Mulligan, AM, Broeks, A, Cornelissen, S, Haiman, CA, Henderson, BE, Schumacher, F, Le Marchand, L, Hopper, JL, Tsimiklis, H, Apicella, C, Southey, MC, Cross, SS, Reed, MWR, Giles, GG, Milne, RL, McLean, C, Winqvist, R, Pylkas, K, Jukkola-Vuorinen, A, Grip, M, Hooning, MJ, Hollestelle, A, Martens, JWM, van den Ouweland, AMW, Marme, F, Schneeweiss, A, Yang, R, Burwinkel, B, Figueroa, J, Chanock, SJ, Lissowska, J, Sawyer, EJ, Tomlinson, I, Kerin, MJ, Miller, N, Brenner, H, Butterbach, K, Holleczek, B, Kataja, V, Kosma, V-M, Hartikainen, JM, Li, J, Brand, JS, Humphreys, K, Devilee, P, Tollenaar, RAEM, Seynaeve, C, Radice, P, Peterlongo, P, Manoukian, S, Ficarazzi, F, Beckmann, MW, Hein, A, Ekici, AB, Balleine, R, Phillips, K-A, Benitez, J, Zamora, MP, Perez, JIA, Menendez, P, Jakubowska, A, Lubinski, J, Gronwald, J, Durda, K, Hamann, U, Kabisch, M, Ulmer, HU, Ruediger, T, Margolin, S, Kristensen, V, Nord, S, Evans, DG, Abraham, J, Earl, H, Poole, CJ, Hiller, L, Dunn, JA, Bowden, S, Campa, D, Diver, WR, Gapstur, SM, Gaudet, MM, Hankinson, S, Hoover, RN, Husing, A, Kaaks, R, Machiela, MJ, Willett, W, Barrdahl, M, Canzian, F, Chin, S-F, Caldas, C, Hunter, DJ, Lindstrom, S, Garcia-Closas, M, Couch, FJ, Chenevix-Trench, G, Mannermaa, A, Andrulis, IL, Hall, P, Chang-Claude, J, Easton, DF, Bojesen, SE, Cox, A, Fasching, PA, Pharoah, PDP, Schmidt, MK, Pirie, A, Guo, Q, Kraft, P, Canisius, S, Eccles, DM, Rahman, N, Nevanlinna, H, Chen, C, Khan, S, Tyrer, J, Bolla, MK, Wang, Q, Dennis, J, Michailidou, K, Lush, M, Dunning, AM, Shah, M, Czene, K, Darabi, H, Eriksson, M, Lambrechts, D, Weltens, C, Leunen, K, van Ongeval, C, Nordestgaard, BG, Nielsen, SF, Flyger, H, Rudolph, A, Seibold, P, Flesch-Janys, D, Blomqvist, C, Aittomaki, K, Fagerholm, R, Muranen, TA, Olsen, JE, Hallberg, E, Vachon, C, Knight, JA, Glendon, G, Mulligan, AM, Broeks, A, Cornelissen, S, Haiman, CA, Henderson, BE, Schumacher, F, Le Marchand, L, Hopper, JL, Tsimiklis, H, Apicella, C, Southey, MC, Cross, SS, Reed, MWR, Giles, GG, Milne, RL, McLean, C, Winqvist, R, Pylkas, K, Jukkola-Vuorinen, A, Grip, M, Hooning, MJ, Hollestelle, A, Martens, JWM, van den Ouweland, AMW, Marme, F, Schneeweiss, A, Yang, R, Burwinkel, B, Figueroa, J, Chanock, SJ, Lissowska, J, Sawyer, EJ, Tomlinson, I, Kerin, MJ, Miller, N, Brenner, H, Butterbach, K, Holleczek, B, Kataja, V, Kosma, V-M, Hartikainen, JM, Li, J, Brand, JS, Humphreys, K, Devilee, P, Tollenaar, RAEM, Seynaeve, C, Radice, P, Peterlongo, P, Manoukian, S, Ficarazzi, F, Beckmann, MW, Hein, A, Ekici, AB, Balleine, R, Phillips, K-A, Benitez, J, Zamora, MP, Perez, JIA, Menendez, P, Jakubowska, A, Lubinski, J, Gronwald, J, Durda, K, Hamann, U, Kabisch, M, Ulmer, HU, Ruediger, T, Margolin, S, Kristensen, V, Nord, S, Evans, DG, Abraham, J, Earl, H, Poole, CJ, Hiller, L, Dunn, JA, Bowden, S, Campa, D, Diver, WR, Gapstur, SM, Gaudet, MM, Hankinson, S, Hoover, RN, Husing, A, Kaaks, R, Machiela, MJ, Willett, W, Barrdahl, M, Canzian, F, Chin, S-F, Caldas, C, Hunter, DJ, Lindstrom, S, Garcia-Closas, M, Couch, FJ, Chenevix-Trench, G, Mannermaa, A, Andrulis, IL, Hall, P, Chang-Claude, J, Easton, DF, Bojesen, SE, Cox, A, Fasching, PA, Pharoah, PDP, and Schmidt, MK
Abstract: INTRODUCTION: Previous studies have identified common germline variants nominally associated with breast cancer survival. These associations have not been widely replicated in further studies. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association of previously reported SNPs with breast cancer-specific survival using data from a pooled analysis of eight breast cancer survival genome-wide association studies (GWAS) from the Breast Cancer Association Consortium. METHODS: A literature review was conducted of all previously published associations between common germline variants and three survival outcomes: breast cancer-specific survival, overall survival and disease-free survival. All associations that reached the nominal significance level of P value <0.05 were included. Single nucleotide polymorphisms that had been previously reported as nominally associated with at least one survival outcome were evaluated in the pooled analysis of over 37,000 breast cancer cases for association with breast cancer-specific survival. Previous associations were evaluated using a one-sided test based on the reported direction of effect. RESULTS: Fifty-six variants from 45 previous publications were evaluated in the meta-analysis. Fifty-four of these were evaluated in the full set of 37,954 breast cancer cases with 2,900 events and the two additional variants were evaluated in a reduced sample size of 30,000 samples in order to ensure independence from the previously published studies. Five variants reached nominal significance (P <0.05) in the pooled GWAS data compared to 2.8 expected under the null hypothesis. Seven additional variants were associated (P <0.05) with ER-positive disease. CONCLUSIONS: Although no variants reached genome-wide significance (P <5 x 10(-8)), these results suggest that there is some evidence of association between candidate common germline variants and breast cancer prognosis. Larger studies from multinational collaborations are necessary to increase the
Published: 2015

28. Annexin A1 expression in a pooled breast cancer series: association with tumor subtypes and prognosis

Author: Sobral-Leite, M, Wesseling, J, Smit, VTHBM, Nevanlinna, H, van Miltenburg, MH, Sanders, J, Hofland, I, Blows, FM, Coulson, P, Patrycja, G, Schellens, JHM, Fagerholm, R, Heikkila, P, Aittomaki, K, Blomqvist, C, Provenzano, E, Ali, HR, Figueroa, J, Sherman, M, Lissowska, J, Mannermaa, A, Kataja, V, Kosma, V-M, Hartikainen, JM, Phillips, K-A, Couch, FJ, Olson, JE, Vachon, C, Visscher, D, Brenner, H, Butterbach, K, Arndt, V, Holleczek, B, Hooning, MJ, Hollestelle, A, Martens, JWM, van Deurzen, CHM, van de Water, B, Broeks, A, Chang-Claude, J, Chenevix-Trench, G, Easton, DF, Pharoah, PDP, Garcia-Closas, M, de Graauw, M, Schmidt, MK, Sobral-Leite, M, Wesseling, J, Smit, VTHBM, Nevanlinna, H, van Miltenburg, MH, Sanders, J, Hofland, I, Blows, FM, Coulson, P, Patrycja, G, Schellens, JHM, Fagerholm, R, Heikkila, P, Aittomaki, K, Blomqvist, C, Provenzano, E, Ali, HR, Figueroa, J, Sherman, M, Lissowska, J, Mannermaa, A, Kataja, V, Kosma, V-M, Hartikainen, JM, Phillips, K-A, Couch, FJ, Olson, JE, Vachon, C, Visscher, D, Brenner, H, Butterbach, K, Arndt, V, Holleczek, B, Hooning, MJ, Hollestelle, A, Martens, JWM, van Deurzen, CHM, van de Water, B, Broeks, A, Chang-Claude, J, Chenevix-Trench, G, Easton, DF, Pharoah, PDP, Garcia-Closas, M, de Graauw, M, and Schmidt, MK
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Annexin A1 (ANXA1) is a protein related with the carcinogenesis process and metastasis formation in many tumors. However, little is known about the prognostic value of ANXA1 in breast cancer. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the association between ANXA1 expression, BRCA1/2 germline carriership, specific tumor subtypes and survival in breast cancer patients. METHODS: Clinical-pathological information and follow-up data were collected from nine breast cancer studies from the Breast Cancer Association Consortium (BCAC) (n = 5,752) and from one study of familial breast cancer patients with BRCA1/2 mutations (n = 107). ANXA1 expression was scored based on the percentage of immunohistochemical staining in tumor cells. Survival analyses were performed using a multivariable Cox model. RESULTS: The frequency of ANXA1 positive tumors was higher in familial breast cancer patients with BRCA1/2 mutations than in BCAC patients, with 48.6 % versus 12.4 %, respectively; P <0.0001. ANXA1 was also highly expressed in BCAC tumors that were poorly differentiated, triple negative, EGFR-CK5/6 positive or had developed in patients at a young age. In the first 5 years of follow-up, patients with ANXA1 positive tumors had a worse breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS) than ANXA1 negative (HRadj = 1.35; 95 % CI = 1.05-1.73), but the association weakened after 10 years (HRadj = 1.13; 95 % CI = 0.91-1.40). ANXA1 was a significant independent predictor of survival in HER2+ patients (10-years BCSS: HRadj = 1.70; 95 % CI = 1.17-2.45). CONCLUSIONS: ANXA1 is overexpressed in familial breast cancer patients with BRCA1/2 mutations and correlated with poor prognosis features: triple negative and poorly differentiated tumors. ANXA1 might be a biomarker candidate for breast cancer survival prediction in high risk groups such as HER2+ cases.
Published: 2015

29. Performance of automated scoring of ER, PR, HER2, CK5/6 and EGFR in breast cancer tissue microarrays in the Breast Cancer Association Consortium

Author: Howat, WJ, Blows, FM, Provenzano, E, Brook, MN, Morris, L, Gazinska, P, Johnson, N, McDuffus, L-A, Miller, J, Sawyer, EJ, Pinder, S, van Deurzen, CHM, Jones, L, Sironen, R, Visscher, D, Caldas, C, Daley, F, Coulson, P, Broeks, A, Sanders, J, Wesseling, J, Nevanlinna, H, Fagerholm, R, Blomqvist, C, Heikkila, P, Ali, HR, Dawson, S-J, Figueroa, J, Lissowska, J, Brinton, L, Mannermaa, A, Kataja, V, Kosma, V-M, Cox, A, Brock, IW, Cross, SS, Reed, MW, Couch, FJ, Olson, JE, Devillee, P, Mesker, WE, Seyaneve, CM, Hollestelle, A, Benitez, J, Perez, JIA, Menendez, P, Bolla, MK, Easton, DF, Schmidt, MK, Pharoah, PD, Sherman, ME, Garcia-Closas, M, Howat, WJ, Blows, FM, Provenzano, E, Brook, MN, Morris, L, Gazinska, P, Johnson, N, McDuffus, L-A, Miller, J, Sawyer, EJ, Pinder, S, van Deurzen, CHM, Jones, L, Sironen, R, Visscher, D, Caldas, C, Daley, F, Coulson, P, Broeks, A, Sanders, J, Wesseling, J, Nevanlinna, H, Fagerholm, R, Blomqvist, C, Heikkila, P, Ali, HR, Dawson, S-J, Figueroa, J, Lissowska, J, Brinton, L, Mannermaa, A, Kataja, V, Kosma, V-M, Cox, A, Brock, IW, Cross, SS, Reed, MW, Couch, FJ, Olson, JE, Devillee, P, Mesker, WE, Seyaneve, CM, Hollestelle, A, Benitez, J, Perez, JIA, Menendez, P, Bolla, MK, Easton, DF, Schmidt, MK, Pharoah, PD, Sherman, ME, and Garcia-Closas, M
Abstract: Breast cancer risk factors and clinical outcomes vary by tumour marker expression. However, individual studies often lack the power required to assess these relationships, and large-scale analyses are limited by the need for high throughput, standardized scoring methods. To address these limitations, we assessed whether automated image analysis of immunohistochemically stained tissue microarrays can permit rapid, standardized scoring of tumour markers from multiple studies. Tissue microarray sections prepared in nine studies containing 20 263 cores from 8267 breast cancers stained for two nuclear (oestrogen receptor, progesterone receptor), two membranous (human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 and epidermal growth factor receptor) and one cytoplasmic (cytokeratin 5/6) marker were scanned as digital images. Automated algorithms were used to score markers in tumour cells using the Ariol system. We compared automated scores against visual reads, and their associations with breast cancer survival. Approximately 65-70% of tissue microarray cores were satisfactory for scoring. Among satisfactory cores, agreement between dichotomous automated and visual scores was highest for oestrogen receptor (Kappa = 0.76), followed by human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (Kappa = 0.69) and progesterone receptor (Kappa = 0.67). Automated quantitative scores for these markers were associated with hazard ratios for breast cancer mortality in a dose-response manner. Considering visual scores of epidermal growth factor receptor or cytokeratin 5/6 as the reference, automated scoring achieved excellent negative predictive value (96-98%), but yielded many false positives (positive predictive value = 30-32%). For all markers, we observed substantial heterogeneity in automated scoring performance across tissue microarrays. Automated analysis is a potentially useful tool for large-scale, quantitative scoring of immunohistochemically stained tissue microarrays available in consortia. Howeve
Published: 2015

30. A polymorphism in the base excision repair gene PARP2 is associated with differential prognosis by chemotherapy among postmenopausal breast cancer patients

Author: Seibold, P, Schmezer, P, Behrens, S, Michailidou, K, Bolla, MK, Wang, Q, Flesch-Janys, D, Nevanlinna, H, Fagerholm, R, Aittomaki, K, Blomqvist, C, Margolin, S, Mannermaa, A, Kataja, V, Kosma, VM, Hartikainen, JM, Lambrechts, D, Wildiers, H, Kristensen, V, Alnaes, GG, Nord, S, Borresen-Dale, AL, Hooning, Maartje, Hollestelle, Antoinette, Jager, Agnes, Seynaeve, Caroline, Li, JM, Liu, JJ, Humphreys, K, Dunning, AM, Rhenius, V, Shah, M, Kabisch, M, Torres, D, Ulmer, HU, Hamann, U, Schildkraut, JM, Purrington, KS, Couch, FJ, Hall, P, Pharoah, P, Easton, DF, Schmidt, MK (Marjanka), Chang-Claude, J, Popanda, O, Seibold, P, Schmezer, P, Behrens, S, Michailidou, K, Bolla, MK, Wang, Q, Flesch-Janys, D, Nevanlinna, H, Fagerholm, R, Aittomaki, K, Blomqvist, C, Margolin, S, Mannermaa, A, Kataja, V, Kosma, VM, Hartikainen, JM, Lambrechts, D, Wildiers, H, Kristensen, V, Alnaes, GG, Nord, S, Borresen-Dale, AL, Hooning, Maartje, Hollestelle, Antoinette, Jager, Agnes, Seynaeve, Caroline, Li, JM, Liu, JJ, Humphreys, K, Dunning, AM, Rhenius, V, Shah, M, Kabisch, M, Torres, D, Ulmer, HU, Hamann, U, Schildkraut, JM, Purrington, KS, Couch, FJ, Hall, P, Pharoah, P, Easton, DF, Schmidt, MK (Marjanka), Chang-Claude, J, and Popanda, O
Published: 2015

31. Heterogeneity of breast cancer associations with five susceptibility loci by clinical and pathological characteristics

Author: García-Closas, M. (Montserrat), Hall, P. (Per), Nevanlinna, H. (Heli), Pooley, K.A. (Karen), Morrison, J. (Jonathan), Richesson, D.A. (Douglas), Bojesen, S.E. (Stig), Nordestgaard, B.G. (Børge), Axelsson, C.K. (Christen), Arias Pérez, J.I. (José Ignacio), Milne, R.L. (Roger), Ribas, G. (Gloria), González-Neira, A. (Anna), Benítez, J. (Javier), Zamora, P. (Pilar), Brauch, H. (Hiltrud), Justenhoven, C. (Christina), Hamann, U. (Ute), Ko, Y-D. (Yon-Dschun), Bruening, T. (Thomas), Haas, S. (Susanne), Dörk, T. (Thilo), Schürmann, P. (Peter), Hillemanns, P. (Peter), Bogdanova, N.V. (Natalia), Bremer, M. (Michael), Karstens, J.H. (Johann), Fagerholm, R. (Rainer), Aaltonen, K. (Kirsimari), Aittomäki, K. (Kristiina), Smitten, K. (Karl) von, Blomqvist, C. (Carl), Mannermaa, A. (Arto), Uusitupa, M. (Matti), Eskelinen, M. (Matti), Tengström, M. (Maria), Kosma, V-M. (Veli-Matti), Kataja, V. (Vesa), Chenevix-Trench, G. (Georgia), Spurdle, A.B. (Amanda), Beesley, J. (Jonathan), Chen, X. (Xiaoqing), Devilee, P. (Peter), Asperen, C.J. (Christi) van, Jacobi, C.E. (Catharina), Tollenaar, R.A.E.M. (Rob), Huijts, P. (Petra), Klijn, J.G.M. (Jan), Chang-Claude, J. (Jenny), Kropp, S. (Silke), Slanger, T. (Tracy), Flesch-Janys, D. (Dieter), Mutschelknauss, E. (Elke), Salazar, R. (Ramona), Wang-Gohrke, S. (Shan), Couch, F.J. (Fergus), Goode, E.L. (Ellen), Olson, J.E. (Janet), Vachon, C. (Celine), Fredericksen, Z. (Zachary), Giles, G.G. (Graham), Baglietto, L. (Laura), Severi, G. (Gianluca), Hopper, J.L. (John), English, D.R. (Dallas), Southey, M.C. (Melissa), Haiman, C.A. (Christopher), Henderson, B.E. (Brian), Kolonel, L.N. (Laurence), Le Marchand, L. (Loic), Stram, D.O. (Daniel), Hunter, D. (David), Hankinson, S.E. (Susan), Cox, A. (Angela), Tamimi, R. (Rulla), Kraft, P. (Peter), Sherman, M.E. (Mark), Chanock, S.J. (Stephen), Lissowska, J. (Jolanta), Brinton, L.A. (Louise), Peplonska, B. (Beata), Hooning, M.J. (Maartje), Meijers-Heijboer, E.J. (Hanne), Collée, J.M. (Margriet), Ouweland, A.M.W. (Ans) van den, Uitterlinden, A.G. (André), Liu, J. (Jianjun), Low, Y.L., Yuqing, L. (Li), Humphreys, M.K. (Manjeet), Czene, K. (Kamila), Balasubramanian, S. (Sabapathy), Cross, S.S. (Simon), Reed, M.W.R. (Malcolm), Blows, F. (Fiona), Driver, K. (Kristy), Dunning, A.M. (Alison), Tyrer, J.P. (Jonathan), Ponder, B.A.J. (Bruce), Sangrajrang, S. (Suleeporn), Brennan, P. (Paul), McKay, J.D. (James), Odefrey, F. (Fabrice), Gabrieau, V. (Valerie), Sigurdson, A.J. (Alice), Doody, M. (Michele), Struewing, J.P. (Jeffrey), Alexander, B.H. (Bruce), Easton, D.F. (Douglas), Pharoah, P.D.P. (Paul), García-Closas, M. (Montserrat), Hall, P. (Per), Nevanlinna, H. (Heli), Pooley, K.A. (Karen), Morrison, J. (Jonathan), Richesson, D.A. (Douglas), Bojesen, S.E. (Stig), Nordestgaard, B.G. (Børge), Axelsson, C.K. (Christen), Arias Pérez, J.I. (José Ignacio), Milne, R.L. (Roger), Ribas, G. (Gloria), González-Neira, A. (Anna), Benítez, J. (Javier), Zamora, P. (Pilar), Brauch, H. (Hiltrud), Justenhoven, C. (Christina), Hamann, U. (Ute), Ko, Y-D. (Yon-Dschun), Bruening, T. (Thomas), Haas, S. (Susanne), Dörk, T. (Thilo), Schürmann, P. (Peter), Hillemanns, P. (Peter), Bogdanova, N.V. (Natalia), Bremer, M. (Michael), Karstens, J.H. (Johann), Fagerholm, R. (Rainer), Aaltonen, K. (Kirsimari), Aittomäki, K. (Kristiina), Smitten, K. (Karl) von, Blomqvist, C. (Carl), Mannermaa, A. (Arto), Uusitupa, M. (Matti), Eskelinen, M. (Matti), Tengström, M. (Maria), Kosma, V-M. (Veli-Matti), Kataja, V. (Vesa), Chenevix-Trench, G. (Georgia), Spurdle, A.B. (Amanda), Beesley, J. (Jonathan), Chen, X. (Xiaoqing), Devilee, P. (Peter), Asperen, C.J. (Christi) van, Jacobi, C.E. (Catharina), Tollenaar, R.A.E.M. (Rob), Huijts, P. (Petra), Klijn, J.G.M. (Jan), Chang-Claude, J. (Jenny), Kropp, S. (Silke), Slanger, T. (Tracy), Flesch-Janys, D. (Dieter), Mutschelknauss, E. (Elke), Salazar, R. (Ramona), Wang-Gohrke, S. (Shan), Couch, F.J. (Fergus), Goode, E.L. (Ellen), Olson, J.E. (Janet), Vachon, C. (Celine), Fredericksen, Z. (Zachary), Giles, G.G. (Graham), Baglietto, L. (Laura), Severi, G. (Gianluca), Hopper, J.L. (John), English, D.R. (Dallas), Southey, M.C. (Melissa), Haiman, C.A. (Christopher), Henderson, B.E. (Brian), Kolonel, L.N. (Laurence), Le Marchand, L. (Loic), Stram, D.O. (Daniel), Hunter, D. (David), Hankinson, S.E. (Susan), Cox, A. (Angela), Tamimi, R. (Rulla), Kraft, P. (Peter), Sherman, M.E. (Mark), Chanock, S.J. (Stephen), Lissowska, J. (Jolanta), Brinton, L.A. (Louise), Peplonska, B. (Beata), Hooning, M.J. (Maartje), Meijers-Heijboer, E.J. (Hanne), Collée, J.M. (Margriet), Ouweland, A.M.W. (Ans) van den, Uitterlinden, A.G. (André), Liu, J. (Jianjun), Low, Y.L., Yuqing, L. (Li), Humphreys, M.K. (Manjeet), Czene, K. (Kamila), Balasubramanian, S. (Sabapathy), Cross, S.S. (Simon), Reed, M.W.R. (Malcolm), Blows, F. (Fiona), Driver, K. (Kristy), Dunning, A.M. (Alison), Tyrer, J.P. (Jonathan), Ponder, B.A.J. (Bruce), Sangrajrang, S. (Suleeporn), Brennan, P. (Paul), McKay, J.D. (James), Odefrey, F. (Fabrice), Gabrieau, V. (Valerie), Sigurdson, A.J. (Alice), Doody, M. (Michele), Struewing, J.P. (Jeffrey), Alexander, B.H. (Bruce), Easton, D.F. (Douglas), and Pharoah, P.D.P. (Paul)
Abstract: A three-stage genome-wide association study recently identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in five loci (fibroblast growth receptor 2 (FGFR2), trinucleotide repeat containing 9 (TNRC9), mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 K1 (MAP3K1), 8q24, and lymphocyte-specific protein 1 (LSP1)) associated with breast cancer risk. We investigated whether the associations between these SNPs and breast cancer risk varied by clinically important tumor characteristics in up to 23,039 invasive breast cancer cases and 26,273 controls from 20 studies. We also evaluated their influence on overall survival in 13,527 cases from 13 studies. All participants were of European or Asian origin. rs2981582 in FGFR2 was more strongly related to ER-positive (per-allele OR (95%CI) = 1.31 (1.27-1.36)) than ER-negative (1.08 (1.03-1.14)) disease (P for heterogeneity = 10-13). This SNP was also more strongly related to PR-positive, low grade and node positive tumors (P = 10-5, 10-8, 0.013, respectively). The association for rs13281615 in 8q24 was stronger for ER-positive, PR-positive, and low grade tumors (P = 0.001, 0.011 and 10-4, respectively). The differences in the associations between SNPs in FGFR2 and 8q24 and risk by ER and grade remained significant after permutation adjustment for multiple comparisons and after adjustment for other tumor characteristics. Three SNPs (rs2981582, rs3803662, and rs889312) showed weak but significant associations with ER-negative disease, the strongest association being for rs3803662 in TNRC9 (1.14 (1.09-1.21)). rs13281615 in 8q24 was associated with an improvement in survival after diagnosis (per-allele HR = 0.90 (0.83-0.97). The association was attenuated and non-significant after adjusting for known prognostic factors. Our findings show that common genetic variants influence the pathological subtype of breast cancer and provide further support for the hypothesis that ER-positive and ER-negative disease are biologically distinct. Understanding the eti
Published: 2008
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32. Heterogeneity of breast cancer associations with five susceptibility loci by clinical and pathological characteristics

Author: Leal, SM, Garcia-Closas, M, Hall, P, Nevanlinna, H, Pooley, K, Morrison, J, Richesson, DA, Bojesen, SE, Nordestgaard, BG, Axelsson, CK, Arias, JI, Milne, RL, Ribas, G, Gonzalez-Neira, A, Benitez, J, Zamora, P, Brauch, H, Justenhoven, C, Hamann, U, Ko, Y-D, Bruening, T, Haas, S, Doerk, T, Schuermann, P, Hillemanns, P, Bogdanova, N, Bremer, M, Karstens, JH, Fagerholm, R, Aaltonen, K, Aittomaki, K, Von Smitten, K, Blomqvist, C, Mannermaa, A, Uusitupa, M, Eskelinen, M, Tengstrom, M, Kosma, V-M, Kataja, V, Chenevix-Trench, G, Spurdle, AB, Beesley, J, Chen, X, Devilee, P, Van Asperen, CJ, Jacobi, CE, Tollenaar, RAEM, Huijts, PEA, Klijn, JGM, Chang-Claude, J, Kropp, S, Slanger, T, Flesch-Janys, D, Mutschelknauss, E, Salazar, R, Wang-Gohrke, S, Couch, F, Goode, EL, Olson, JE, Vachon, C, Fredericksen, ZS, Giles, GG, Baglietto, L, Severi, G, Hopper, JL, English, DR, Southey, MC, Haiman, CA, Henderson, BE, Kolonel, LN, Le Marchand, L, Stram, DO, Hunter, DJ, Hankinson, SE, Cox, DG, Tamimi, R, Kraft, P, Sherman, ME, Chanock, SJ, Lissowska, J, Brinton, LA, Peplonska, B, Hooning, MJ, Meijers-Heijboer, H, Collee, JM, Van den Ouweland, A, Uitterlinden, AG, Liu, J, Lin, LY, Yuqing, L, Humphreys, K, Czene, K, Cox, A, Balasubramanian, SP, Cross, SS, Reed, MWR, Blows, F, Driver, K, Dunning, A, Tyrer, J, Ponder, BAJ, Sangrajrang, S, Brennan, P, Mckay, J, Odefrey, F, Gabrieau, V, Sigurdson, A, Doody, M, Struewing, JP, Alexander, B, Easton, DF, Pharoah, PD, Leal, SM, Garcia-Closas, M, Hall, P, Nevanlinna, H, Pooley, K, Morrison, J, Richesson, DA, Bojesen, SE, Nordestgaard, BG, Axelsson, CK, Arias, JI, Milne, RL, Ribas, G, Gonzalez-Neira, A, Benitez, J, Zamora, P, Brauch, H, Justenhoven, C, Hamann, U, Ko, Y-D, Bruening, T, Haas, S, Doerk, T, Schuermann, P, Hillemanns, P, Bogdanova, N, Bremer, M, Karstens, JH, Fagerholm, R, Aaltonen, K, Aittomaki, K, Von Smitten, K, Blomqvist, C, Mannermaa, A, Uusitupa, M, Eskelinen, M, Tengstrom, M, Kosma, V-M, Kataja, V, Chenevix-Trench, G, Spurdle, AB, Beesley, J, Chen, X, Devilee, P, Van Asperen, CJ, Jacobi, CE, Tollenaar, RAEM, Huijts, PEA, Klijn, JGM, Chang-Claude, J, Kropp, S, Slanger, T, Flesch-Janys, D, Mutschelknauss, E, Salazar, R, Wang-Gohrke, S, Couch, F, Goode, EL, Olson, JE, Vachon, C, Fredericksen, ZS, Giles, GG, Baglietto, L, Severi, G, Hopper, JL, English, DR, Southey, MC, Haiman, CA, Henderson, BE, Kolonel, LN, Le Marchand, L, Stram, DO, Hunter, DJ, Hankinson, SE, Cox, DG, Tamimi, R, Kraft, P, Sherman, ME, Chanock, SJ, Lissowska, J, Brinton, LA, Peplonska, B, Hooning, MJ, Meijers-Heijboer, H, Collee, JM, Van den Ouweland, A, Uitterlinden, AG, Liu, J, Lin, LY, Yuqing, L, Humphreys, K, Czene, K, Cox, A, Balasubramanian, SP, Cross, SS, Reed, MWR, Blows, F, Driver, K, Dunning, A, Tyrer, J, Ponder, BAJ, Sangrajrang, S, Brennan, P, Mckay, J, Odefrey, F, Gabrieau, V, Sigurdson, A, Doody, M, Struewing, JP, Alexander, B, Easton, DF, and Pharoah, PD
Abstract: A three-stage genome-wide association study recently identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in five loci (fibroblast growth receptor 2 (FGFR2), trinucleotide repeat containing 9 (TNRC9), mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 K1 (MAP3K1), 8q24, and lymphocyte-specific protein 1 (LSP1)) associated with breast cancer risk. We investigated whether the associations between these SNPs and breast cancer risk varied by clinically important tumor characteristics in up to 23,039 invasive breast cancer cases and 26,273 controls from 20 studies. We also evaluated their influence on overall survival in 13,527 cases from 13 studies. All participants were of European or Asian origin. rs2981582 in FGFR2 was more strongly related to ER-positive (per-allele OR (95%CI) = 1.31 (1.27-1.36)) than ER-negative (1.08 (1.03-1.14)) disease (P for heterogeneity = 10(-13)). This SNP was also more strongly related to PR-positive, low grade and node positive tumors (P = 10(-5), 10(-8), 0.013, respectively). The association for rs13281615 in 8q24 was stronger for ER-positive, PR-positive, and low grade tumors (P = 0.001, 0.011 and 10(-4), respectively). The differences in the associations between SNPs in FGFR2 and 8q24 and risk by ER and grade remained significant after permutation adjustment for multiple comparisons and after adjustment for other tumor characteristics. Three SNPs (rs2981582, rs3803662, and rs889312) showed weak but significant associations with ER-negative disease, the strongest association being for rs3803662 in TNRC9 (1.14 (1.09-1.21)). rs13281615 in 8q24 was associated with an improvement in survival after diagnosis (per-allele HR = 0.90 (0.83-0.97). The association was attenuated and non-significant after adjusting for known prognostic factors. Our findings show that common genetic variants influence the pathological subtype of breast cancer and provide further support for the hypothesis that ER-positive and ER-negative disease are biologically distinct. Understanding
Published: 2008

33. Heterogeneity of breast cancer associations with five susceptibility loci by clinical and pathological characteristics

Author: Garcia-Closas, M, Hall, P, Nevanlinna, H, Pooley, KA, Morrison, J, Richesson, DA, Bojesen, SE, Nordestgaard, BG, Axelsson, CK, Arias, JI, Milne, RL, Ribas, G, Gonzalez-Neira, A, Benitez, J, Zamora, P, Brauch, H, Justenhoven, C, Hamann, U, Ko, YD, Bruening, T, Haas, S, Dork, T, Schurmann, P, Hillemanns, P, Bogdanova, N, Bremer, M, Karstens, JH, Fagerholm, R, Aaltonen, K, Aittomaki, K, von Smitten, K, Blomqvist, C, Mannermaa, A, Uusitupa, M, Eskelinen, M, Tengstrom, M, Kosma, VM, Kataja, V, Chenevix-Trench, G, Spurdle, AB, Beeslev, J, Chen, X, Devilee, P, van Asperen, CJ, Jacobi, CE, Tollenaar, RA, Huijts, PE, Klijn, Jan, Chang-Claude, J, Kropp, S, Slanger, T, Flesch-Janys, D, Mutschelknauss, E, Salazar, R, Wang-Gohrke, S, Couch, F, Goode, EL, Olson, JE, Vachon, C, Fredericksen, ZS, Giles, GG, Baglietto, L, Severi, G, Hopper, JL, English, DR, Southey, M, Haiman, CA, Henderson, BE, Kolonel, LN, Le Marchand, L, Stram, DO, Hunter, DJ, Hankinson, SE, Cox, DG, Tamimi, R, van Kraft, PJA (Peter), Sherman, M, Chanock, S, Lissowska, J, Brinton, L, Peplonska, B, Hooning, Maartje, Meijers-Heijboer, EJ, Collee, Margriet, van den Ouweland, Ans, Uitterlinden, André, Liu, Jun, Lin, L, Yuqing, L, Humphreys, K, Czene, K, Cox, A, Balasubramanian, SP, Cross, SS, Reed, MWR, Blows, F, Driver, K, Dunning, AJ, Tyrer, J, Garcia-Closas, M, Hall, P, Nevanlinna, H, Pooley, KA, Morrison, J, Richesson, DA, Bojesen, SE, Nordestgaard, BG, Axelsson, CK, Arias, JI, Milne, RL, Ribas, G, Gonzalez-Neira, A, Benitez, J, Zamora, P, Brauch, H, Justenhoven, C, Hamann, U, Ko, YD, Bruening, T, Haas, S, Dork, T, Schurmann, P, Hillemanns, P, Bogdanova, N, Bremer, M, Karstens, JH, Fagerholm, R, Aaltonen, K, Aittomaki, K, von Smitten, K, Blomqvist, C, Mannermaa, A, Uusitupa, M, Eskelinen, M, Tengstrom, M, Kosma, VM, Kataja, V, Chenevix-Trench, G, Spurdle, AB, Beeslev, J, Chen, X, Devilee, P, van Asperen, CJ, Jacobi, CE, Tollenaar, RA, Huijts, PE, Klijn, Jan, Chang-Claude, J, Kropp, S, Slanger, T, Flesch-Janys, D, Mutschelknauss, E, Salazar, R, Wang-Gohrke, S, Couch, F, Goode, EL, Olson, JE, Vachon, C, Fredericksen, ZS, Giles, GG, Baglietto, L, Severi, G, Hopper, JL, English, DR, Southey, M, Haiman, CA, Henderson, BE, Kolonel, LN, Le Marchand, L, Stram, DO, Hunter, DJ, Hankinson, SE, Cox, DG, Tamimi, R, van Kraft, PJA (Peter), Sherman, M, Chanock, S, Lissowska, J, Brinton, L, Peplonska, B, Hooning, Maartje, Meijers-Heijboer, EJ, Collee, Margriet, van den Ouweland, Ans, Uitterlinden, André, Liu, Jun, Lin, L, Yuqing, L, Humphreys, K, Czene, K, Cox, A, Balasubramanian, SP, Cross, SS, Reed, MWR, Blows, F, Driver, K, Dunning, AJ, and Tyrer, J
Published: 2008

34. Heterogeneity of breast cancer associations with five susceptibility loci by clinical and pathological characteristics

Author: Garcia-Closas, M., Hall, P., Nevanlinna, H., Pooley, K., Morrison, J., Richesson, D.A., Bojesen, S.E., Axelsson, C.K., Arias, J.I., Milne, R.L., Ribas, G., Gonzalez-Neira, A., Benitez, J., Zamora, P., Brauch, H., Justenhoven, C., Hamann, U., Ko, Y.D., Bruening, T., Haas, S., Dork, T., Schurmann, P., Hillemanns, P., Bogdanova, N., Bremer, M., Karstens, J.H., Fagerholm, R., Aaltonen, K., Aittomaki, K., Smitten, K. Von, Blomqvist, C., Mannermaa, A., Uusitupa, M., Eskelinen, M., Tengstrom, M., Kosma, V.M., Kataja, V., Chenevix-Trench, G., Spurdle, A.B., Beesley, J., Chen, X., Devilee, P., Asperen, C.J. Van, Jacobi, C.E., Tollenaar, R.A.E.M., Huijts, P.E.A., Klijn, J.G.M., Chang-Claude, J., Kropp, S., Slanger, T., Flesch-Janys, D., Mutschelknauss, E., Salazar, R., Wang-Gohrke, S., Couch, F., Goode, E.L., Olson, J.E., Vachon, C., Fredericksen, Z.S., Giles, G.G., Baglietto, L., Severi, G., Hopper, J.L., English, D.R., Southey, M.C., Haiman, C.A., Henderson, B.E., Kolonel, L.N., Marchand, L. Le, Stram, D.O., Hunter, D.J., Hankinson, S.E., Cox, D.G., Tamimi, R., Kraft, P., Sherman, M.E., Chanock, S.J., Lissowska, J., Brinton, L.A., Peplonska, B., Hooning, M.J., Meijers-Heijboer, H., Collee, J.M., Ouweland, A. Van den, Uitterlinden, A.G., Liu, J., Lin, L.Y., Yuqing, L., Humphreys, K., Czene, K., Cox, A., Balasubramanian, S.P., Cross, S.S., Reed, M.W.R., Blows, F., Driver, K., Dunning, A., Tyrer, J., Ponder, B.A.J., Sangrajrang, S., Brennan, P., Mckay, J., Odefrey, F., Gabrieau, V., Sigurdson, A., Doody, M., Struewing, J.P., Alexander, B., Easton, D.F., Pharoah, P.D., Nordestgaard, Børge, Garcia-Closas, M., Hall, P., Nevanlinna, H., Pooley, K., Morrison, J., Richesson, D.A., Bojesen, S.E., Axelsson, C.K., Arias, J.I., Milne, R.L., Ribas, G., Gonzalez-Neira, A., Benitez, J., Zamora, P., Brauch, H., Justenhoven, C., Hamann, U., Ko, Y.D., Bruening, T., Haas, S., Dork, T., Schurmann, P., Hillemanns, P., Bogdanova, N., Bremer, M., Karstens, J.H., Fagerholm, R., Aaltonen, K., Aittomaki, K., Smitten, K. Von, Blomqvist, C., Mannermaa, A., Uusitupa, M., Eskelinen, M., Tengstrom, M., Kosma, V.M., Kataja, V., Chenevix-Trench, G., Spurdle, A.B., Beesley, J., Chen, X., Devilee, P., Asperen, C.J. Van, Jacobi, C.E., Tollenaar, R.A.E.M., Huijts, P.E.A., Klijn, J.G.M., Chang-Claude, J., Kropp, S., Slanger, T., Flesch-Janys, D., Mutschelknauss, E., Salazar, R., Wang-Gohrke, S., Couch, F., Goode, E.L., Olson, J.E., Vachon, C., Fredericksen, Z.S., Giles, G.G., Baglietto, L., Severi, G., Hopper, J.L., English, D.R., Southey, M.C., Haiman, C.A., Henderson, B.E., Kolonel, L.N., Marchand, L. Le, Stram, D.O., Hunter, D.J., Hankinson, S.E., Cox, D.G., Tamimi, R., Kraft, P., Sherman, M.E., Chanock, S.J., Lissowska, J., Brinton, L.A., Peplonska, B., Hooning, M.J., Meijers-Heijboer, H., Collee, J.M., Ouweland, A. Van den, Uitterlinden, A.G., Liu, J., Lin, L.Y., Yuqing, L., Humphreys, K., Czene, K., Cox, A., Balasubramanian, S.P., Cross, S.S., Reed, M.W.R., Blows, F., Driver, K., Dunning, A., Tyrer, J., Ponder, B.A.J., Sangrajrang, S., Brennan, P., Mckay, J., Odefrey, F., Gabrieau, V., Sigurdson, A., Doody, M., Struewing, J.P., Alexander, B., Easton, D.F., Pharoah, P.D., and Nordestgaard, Børge
Abstract: A three-stage genome-wide association study recently identified single nucleotide polymorphisms ( SNPs) in five loci ( fibroblast growth receptor 2 ( FGFR2), trinucleotide repeat containing 9 ( TNRC9), mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 K1 (MAP3K1), 8q24, and lymphocyte- specific protein 1 ( LSP1)) associated with breast cancer risk. We investigated whether the associations between these SNPs and breast cancer risk varied by clinically important tumor characteristics in up to 23,039 invasive breast cancer cases and 26,273 controls from 20 studies. We also evaluated their influence on overall survival in 13,527 cases from 13 studies. All participants were of European or Asian origin. rs2981582 in FGFR2 was more strongly related to ER- positive ( per- allele OR ( 95%CI) = 1.31 (1.27-1.36)) than ER- negative (1.08 (1.03- 1.14)) disease ( P for heterogeneity = 10-(13)). This SNP was also more strongly related to PR-positive, low grade and node positive tumors (P = 10(-5), 10(-8), 0.013, respectively). The association for rs13281615 in 8q24 was stronger for ER- positive, PR-positive, and low grade tumors (P = 0.001, 0.011 and 10(-4), respectively). The differences in the associations between SNPs in FGFR2 and 8q24 and risk by ER and grade remained significant after permutation adjustment for multiple comparisons and after adjustment for other tumor characteristics. Three SNPs ( rs2981582, rs3803662, and rs889312) showed weak but significant associations with ER- negative disease, the strongest association being for rs3803662 in TNRC9 ( 1.14 ( 1.09-1.21)). rs13281615 in 8q24 was associated with an improvement in survival after diagnosis ( per- allele HR = 0.90 (0.83-0.97). The association was attenuated and non-significant after adjusting for known prognostic factors. Our findings show that common genetic variants influence the pathological subtype of breast cancer and provide further support for the hypothesis that ER- positive and ER- negative disease are biologically d
Published: 2008

35. Genome-wide association study identifies novel breast cancer susceptibility loci.

Author: Cox A., Farshid G., Fawcett S., Field M., Firgaira F., Fleming J., Forbes J., Friedlander M., Gaff C., Gardner M., Gattas M., George P., Gill G., Goldblatt J., Greening S., Haan E., Hart S., Humphrey E., Jenkins M., Kefford R., Kirk J., Kollias J., Kovalenko S., Lakhani S., Leary J., Lim J., Lindeman G., Lipton L., Lobb L., Maclurcan M., Marsh D., McKay M., Anne McLachlan S., Mitchell G., Newman B., O'Loughlin I., Osborne R., Peters L., Price M., Reeve J., Reeve T., Richards R., Rinehart G., Robinson B., Rudzki B., Salisbury E., Saunders C., Scott E., Seshadri R., Shelling A., Suthers G., Taylor D., Tennant C., Townshend S., Tyler J., Venter D., Visvader J., Walpole I., Ward R., Warner B., Warren G., Watson E., Williams R., Winship I., Bowtell D., Green A., DeFazio A., Gertig D., Webb P., Milne R., Young M.A., Harris M., Wilson J., Easton D.F., Pooley K.A., Dunning A.M., Pharoah P.D.P., Thompson D., Ballinger D.G., Struewing J.P., Morrison J., Field H., Luben R., Wareham N., Ahmed S., Healey C.S., Bowman R., Meyer K.B., Haiman C.A., Kolonel L.K., Henderson B.E., Le Marchand L., Brennan P., Sangrajrang S., Gaborieau V., Odefrey F., Shen C.-Y., Wu P.-E., Wang H.-C., Eccles D., Evans D.G., Peto J., Fletcher O., Johnson N., Seal S., Stratton M.R., Rahman N., Chenevix-Trench G., Bojesen S.E., Nordestgaard B.G., Axelsson C.K., Garcia-Closas M., Brinton L., Chanock S., Lissowska J., Peplonska B., Nevanlinna H., Fagerholm R., Eerola H., Kang D., Yoo K.-Y., Noh D.-Y., Ahn S.-H., Hunter D.J., Hankinson S.E., Cox D.G., Hall P., Wedren S., Liu J., Low Y.-L., Bogdanova N., Schurmann P., Dork T., Tollenaar R.A.E.M., Jacobi C.E., Devilee P., Klijn J.G.M., Sigurdson A.J., Doody M.M., Alexander B.H., Zhang J., Brock I.W., MacPherson G., Reed M.W.R., Couch F.J., Goode E.L., Olson J.E., Meijers-Heijboer H., Van Den Ouweland A., Uitterlinden A., Rivadeneira F., Milne R.L., Ribas G., Gonzalez-Neira A., Benitez J., Hopper J., McCredie M., Southey M., Giles G., Schroen C., Justenhoven C., Brauch H., Hamann U., Ko Y.-D., Spurdle A.B., Beesley J., Chen X., Mannermaa A., Kosma V.-M., Kataja V., Hartikainen J., Day N.E., Cox D.R., Ponder B.A.J., Luccarini C., Conroy D., Shah M., Munday H., Jordan C., Perkins B., West J., Redman K., Driver K., Aghmesheh M., Amor D., Andrews L., Antill Y., Armes J., Armitage S., Arnold L., Balleine R., Begley G., Beilby J., Bennett I., Bennett B., Berry G., Blackburn A., Brennan M., Brown M., Buckley M., Burke J., Butow P., Byron K., Callen D., Campbell I., Clarke C., Colley A., Cotton D., Cui J., Culling B., Cummings M., Dawson S.-J., Dixon J., Dobrovic A., Dudding T., Edkins T., Eisenbruch M., Cox A., Farshid G., Fawcett S., Field M., Firgaira F., Fleming J., Forbes J., Friedlander M., Gaff C., Gardner M., Gattas M., George P., Gill G., Goldblatt J., Greening S., Haan E., Hart S., Humphrey E., Jenkins M., Kefford R., Kirk J., Kollias J., Kovalenko S., Lakhani S., Leary J., Lim J., Lindeman G., Lipton L., Lobb L., Maclurcan M., Marsh D., McKay M., Anne McLachlan S., Mitchell G., Newman B., O'Loughlin I., Osborne R., Peters L., Price M., Reeve J., Reeve T., Richards R., Rinehart G., Robinson B., Rudzki B., Salisbury E., Saunders C., Scott E., Seshadri R., Shelling A., Suthers G., Taylor D., Tennant C., Townshend S., Tyler J., Venter D., Visvader J., Walpole I., Ward R., Warner B., Warren G., Watson E., Williams R., Winship I., Bowtell D., Green A., DeFazio A., Gertig D., Webb P., Milne R., Young M.A., Harris M., Wilson J., Easton D.F., Pooley K.A., Dunning A.M., Pharoah P.D.P., Thompson D., Ballinger D.G., Struewing J.P., Morrison J., Field H., Luben R., Wareham N., Ahmed S., Healey C.S., Bowman R., Meyer K.B., Haiman C.A., Kolonel L.K., Henderson B.E., Le Marchand L., Brennan P., Sangrajrang S., Gaborieau V., Odefrey F., Shen C.-Y., Wu P.-E., Wang H.-C., Eccles D., Evans D.G., Peto J., Fletcher O., Johnson N., Seal S., Stratton M.R., Rahman N., Chenevix-Trench G., Bojesen S.E., Nordestgaard B.G., Axelsson C.K., Garcia-Closas M., Brinton L., Chanock S., Lissowska J., Peplonska B., Nevanlinna H., Fagerholm R., Eerola H., Kang D., Yoo K.-Y., Noh D.-Y., Ahn S.-H., Hunter D.J., Hankinson S.E., Cox D.G., Hall P., Wedren S., Liu J., Low Y.-L., Bogdanova N., Schurmann P., Dork T., Tollenaar R.A.E.M., Jacobi C.E., Devilee P., Klijn J.G.M., Sigurdson A.J., Doody M.M., Alexander B.H., Zhang J., Brock I.W., MacPherson G., Reed M.W.R., Couch F.J., Goode E.L., Olson J.E., Meijers-Heijboer H., Van Den Ouweland A., Uitterlinden A., Rivadeneira F., Milne R.L., Ribas G., Gonzalez-Neira A., Benitez J., Hopper J., McCredie M., Southey M., Giles G., Schroen C., Justenhoven C., Brauch H., Hamann U., Ko Y.-D., Spurdle A.B., Beesley J., Chen X., Mannermaa A., Kosma V.-M., Kataja V., Hartikainen J., Day N.E., Cox D.R., Ponder B.A.J., Luccarini C., Conroy D., Shah M., Munday H., Jordan C., Perkins B., West J., Redman K., Driver K., Aghmesheh M., Amor D., Andrews L., Antill Y., Armes J., Armitage S., Arnold L., Balleine R., Begley G., Beilby J., Bennett I., Bennett B., Berry G., Blackburn A., Brennan M., Brown M., Buckley M., Burke J., Butow P., Byron K., Callen D., Campbell I., Clarke C., Colley A., Cotton D., Cui J., Culling B., Cummings M., Dawson S.-J., Dixon J., Dobrovic A., Dudding T., Edkins T., and Eisenbruch M.
Abstract: Breast cancer exhibits familial aggregation, consistent with variation in genetic susceptibility to the disease. Known susceptibility genes account for less than 25% of the familial risk of breast cancer, and the residual genetic variance is likely to be due to variants conferring more moderate risks. To identify further susceptibility alleles, we conducted a two-stage genome-wide association study in 4,398 breast cancer cases and 4,316 controls, followed by a third stage in which 30 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were tested for confirmation in 21,860 cases and 22,578 controls from 22 studies. We used 227,876 SNPs that were estimated to correlate with 77% of known common SNPs in Europeans at r2> 0.5. SNPs in five novel independent loci exhibited strong and consistent evidence of association with breast cancer (P < 10-7). Four of these contain plausible causative genes (FGFR2, TNRC9, MAP3K1 and LSP1). At the second stage, 1,792 SNPs were significant at the P < 0.05 level compared with an estimated 1,343 that would be expected by chance, indicating that many additional common susceptibility alleles may be identifiable by this approach. ©2007 Nature Publishing Group.
Published: 2007

36. The importance of replication in gene-gene interaction studies: multifactor dimensionality reduction applied to a two-stage breast cancer case-control study

Author: Milne, R. L., primary, Fagerholm, R., additional, Nevanlinna, H., additional, and Benitez, J., additional
Published: 2008
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37. Polygenic risk score is associated with increased disease risk in 52 Finnish breast cancer families

Author: Muranen, TA, Mavaddat, N, Khan, S, Fagerholm, R, Pelttari, L, Lee, A, Aittomäki, K, Blomqvist, C, Easton, DF, and Nevanlinna, H
Subjects: breast cancer, common variants, skin and connective tissue diseases, PRS, hereditary, 3. Good health, risk
Abstract: The risk of developing breast cancer is increased in women with family history of breast cancer and particularly in families with multiple cases of breast or ovarian cancer. Nevertheless, many women with a positive family history never develop the disease. Polygenic risk scores (PRSs) based on the risk effects of multiple common genetic variants have been proposed for individual risk assessment on a population level. We investigate the applicability of the PRS for risk prediction within breast cancer families. We studied the association between breast cancer risk and a PRS based on 75 common genetic variants in 52 Finnish breast cancer families including 427 genotyped women and pedigree information on ~4000 additional individuals by comparing the affected to healthy family members, as well as in a case-control dataset comprising 1272 healthy population controls and 1681 breast cancer cases with information on family history. Family structure was summarized using the BOADICEA risk prediction model. The PRS was associated with increased disease risk in women with family history of breast cancer as well as in women within the breast cancer families. The odds ratio (OR) for breast cancer within the family dataset was 1.55 [95 % CI 1.26-1.91] per unit increase in the PRS, similar to OR in unselected breast cancer cases of the case-control dataset (1.49 [1.38-1.62]). High PRS-values were informative for risk prediction in breast cancer families, whereas for the low PRS-categories the results were inconclusive. The PRS is informative in women with family history of breast cancer and should be incorporated within pedigree-based clinical risk assessment.

38. The SNP rs6500843 in 16p13.3 is associated with survival specifically among chemotherapy-treated breast cancer patients

Author: Fagerholm R, Mk, Schmidt, Khan S, Sajjad Rafiq, Tapper W, Aittomäki K, Greco D, Heikkinen T, Ta, Muranen, Pa, Fasching, Janni W, Weinshilboum R, Cr, Loehberg, Jl, Hopper, Mc, Southey, Keeman R, Lindblom A, Margolin S, Mannermaa A, and Kataja V

39. TP53-based interaction analysis identifies cis-eQTL variants for TP53BP2, FBXO28, and FAM53A that associate with survival and treatment outcome in breast cancer

Author: Fagerholm, R, Khan, S, Schmidt, MK, García-Closas, M, Heikkilä, P, Saarela, J, Beesley, J, Jamshidi, M, Aittomäki, K, Liu, J, Ali, HR, Andrulis, IL, Beckmann, MW, Behrens, S, Blows, FM, Brenner, H, Chang-Claude, J, Couch, FJ, Czene, K, Fasching, PA, Figueroa, J, Floris, G, Glendon, G, Guo, Q, Hall, P, Hallberg, E, Hamann, U, Holleczek, B, Hooning, MJ, Hopper, JL, Jager, A, Kabisch, M, KConFab/AOCS Investigators, Keeman, R, Kosma, V-M, Lambrechts, D, Lindblom, A, Mannermaa, A, Margolin, S, Provenzano, E, Shah, M, Southey, MC, Dennis, J, Lush, M, Michailidou, K, Wang, Q, Bolla, MK, Dunning, AM, Easton, DF, Pharoah, PDP, Chenevix-Trench, G, Blomqvist, C, and Nevanlinna, H
Subjects: breast cancer, SNP, TP53, anthracycline, survival, 3. Good health
Abstract: TP53 overexpression is indicative of somatic TP53 mutations and associates with aggressive tumors and poor prognosis in breast cancer. We utilized a two-stage SNP association study to detect variants associated with breast cancer survival in a TP53-dependent manner. Initially, a genome-wide study (n = 575 cases) was conducted to discover candidate SNPs for genotyping and validation in the Breast Cancer Association Consortium (BCAC). The SNPs were then tested for interaction with tumor TP53 status (n = 4,610) and anthracycline treatment (n = 17,828). For SNPs interacting with anthracycline treatment, siRNA knockdown experiments were carried out to validate candidate genes. In the test for interaction between SNP genotype and TP53 status, we identified one locus, represented by rs10916264 (p(interaction) = 3.44 × 10$^{-5}$; FDR-adjusted p = 0.0011) in estrogen receptor (ER) positive cases. The rs10916264 AA genotype associated with worse survival among cases with ER-positive, TP53-positive tumors (hazard ratio [HR] 2.36, 95% confidence interval [C.I] 1.45 - 3.82). This is a cis-eQTL locus for FBXO28 and TP53BP2; expression levels of these genes were associated with patient survival specifically in ER-positive, TP53-mutated tumors. Additionally, the SNP rs798755 was associated with survival in interaction with anthracycline treatment (p(interaction) = 9.57 × 10$^{-5}$, FDR-adjusted p = 0.0130). RNAi-based depletion of a predicted regulatory target gene, FAM53A, indicated that this gene can modulate doxorubicin sensitivity in breast cancer cell lines. If confirmed in independent data sets, these results may be of clinical relevance in the development of prognostic and predictive marker panels for breast cancer.

40. High miR-30 Expression Associates with Improved Breast Cancer Patient Survival and Treatment Outcome.

Author: Jamshidi M, Fagerholm R, Muranen TA, Kaur S, Potdar S, Khan S, Netti E, Mpindi JP, Yadav B, Kiiski JI, Aittomäki K, Heikkilä P, Saarela J, Bützow R, Blomqvist C, and Nevanlinna H
Abstract: Deregulated miRNA expression has been suggested in several stages of breast cancer pathogenesis. We have studied the miR-30 family, in particular miR-30d, in relation to breast cancer patient survival and treatment outcomes. With tumor specimens from 1238 breast cancer patients, we analyzed the association of miR-30d expression with tumor characteristics with the 5-year occurrence of breast cancer-specific death or distant metastasis (BDDM), and with 10-year breast cancer survival (BCS). We conducted a two-stage drug-screen to investigate the impact of miR-30 family members (miR-30a-30e) on sensitivity to doxorubicin and lapatinib in six breast cancer cell lines HCC1937, HCC1954, MDA-MB-361, MCF7, MDA-MB-436 and CAL-120, using drug sensitivity scores (DSS) to compare the miR-30 family mimics to their specific inhibitors. The study was complemented with Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) with the METABRIC data. We found that while high miR-30d expression is typical for aggressive tumors, it predicts better metastasis-free ( p BDDM = 0.035, HR = 0.63, 95% CI = 0.4-0.9) and breast cancer-specific survival ( p BCS = 0.018, HR = 0.61, 95% CI = 0.4-0.9), especially in HER2-positive ( p BDDM = 0.0009), ER-negative ( p BDDM = 0.003), p53-positive ( p BDDM = 0.011), and highly proliferating ( p BDDM = 0.0004) subgroups, and after adjuvant chemotherapy ( p BDDM = 0.035). MiR-30d predicted survival independently of standard prognostic markers ( p BDDM = 0.0004). In the drug-screening test, the miR-30 family sensitized the HER2-positive HCC1954 cell line to lapatinib ( p < 10 -2 ) and HCC1937, MDA-MB-361, MDA-MB-436 and CAL120 to doxorubicin ( p < 10 -4 ) with an opposite impact on MCF7. According to the pathway analysis, the miR-30 family has a suppressive effect on cell motility and metastasis in breast cancer. Our results suggest prognostic and predictive potential for the miR-30 family, which warrants further investigation.
Published: 2021
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41. Association of germline variation with the survival of women with BRCA1/2 pathogenic variants and breast cancer.

Author: Muranen TA, Khan S, Fagerholm R, Aittomäki K, Cunningham JM, Dennis J, Leslie G, McGuffog L, Parsons MT, Simard J, Slager S, Soucy P, Easton DF, Tischkowitz M, Spurdle AB, Schmutzler RK, Wappenschmidt B, Hahnen E, Hooning MJ, Singer CF, Wagner G, Thomassen M, Pedersen IS, Domchek SM, Nathanson KL, Lazaro C, Rossing CM, Andrulis IL, Teixeira MR, James P, Garber J, Weitzel JN, Jakubowska A, Yannoukakos D, John EM, Southey MC, Schmidt MK, Antoniou AC, Chenevix-Trench G, Blomqvist C, and Nevanlinna H
Abstract: Germline genetic variation has been suggested to influence the survival of breast cancer patients independently of tumor pathology. We have studied survival associations of genetic variants in two etiologically unique groups of breast cancer patients, the carriers of germline pathogenic variants in BRCA1 or BRCA2 genes. We found that rs57025206 was significantly associated with the overall survival, predicting higher mortality of BRCA1 carrier patients with estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer, with a hazard ratio 4.37 (95% confidence interval 3.03-6.30, P = 3.1 × 10 -9 ). Multivariable analysis adjusted for tumor characteristics suggested that rs57025206 was an independent survival marker. In addition, our exploratory analyses suggest that the associations between genetic variants and breast cancer patient survival may depend on tumor biological subgroup and clinical patient characteristics., Competing Interests: Competing interestsH.N. has received an honorarium from AstraZeneca. The other authors declare no competing interests., (© The Author(s) 2020.)
Published: 2020
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42. Family history influences the tumor characteristics and prognosis of breast cancers developing during postmenopausal hormone therapy.

Author: Fagerholm R, Faltinova M, Aaltonen K, Aittomäki K, Heikkilä P, Halttunen-Nieminen M, Nevanlinna H, and Blomqvist C
Subjects: Aged, Disease-Free Survival, Female, Humans, Middle Aged, Prognosis, Breast Neoplasms chemically induced, Breast Neoplasms epidemiology, Breast Neoplasms genetics, Estrogen Replacement Therapy adverse effects
Abstract: Long term use of postmenopausal hormone therapy (HT) has been reported to increase breast cancer risk. On the other hand, observational studies suggest that breast cancers diagnosed during HT may have a more favorable prognosis. While family history is a risk factor for breast cancer, and genetic factors also influence prognosis, the role of family history in combination with HT use has been little studied. We investigated the relationship between HT, family history, and prognosis in 584 (267 exposed) familial and 952 (460 exposed) non-familial breast cancer cases, using three survival end points: death from breast cancer (BCS), distant disease free survival (DDFS), and local recurrence free survival (LRFS). Among non-familial cases, HT was associated with better BCS (HR 0.63, 95% CI 0.41-0.94; p = 0.025), and DDFS (HR 0.58, 95% CI 0.40-0.85; p = 0.005), with a consistent but not statistically significant effect in LRFS. This effect was not seen in familial cases (HR > 1.0), and family history was found to interact with HT in BCS (p (interaction) = 0.0067) (BC-death) and DDFS (p (interaction) = 0.0070). There was phenotypic heterogeneity between HT-associated tumors in familial and non-familial cases, particularly on estrogen receptor (ER) status, although the interaction between HT and family history appears to be at least partially independent of these markers (p = 0.0370 after adjustment for standard prognostic factors). If confirmed by further studies, our results suggest that family history should be taken into consideration in clinical counseling before beginning a HT regimen.
Published: 2018
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43. Meta-analysis of three genome-wide association studies identifies two loci that predict survival and treatment outcome in breast cancer.

Author: Khan S, Fagerholm R, Kadalayil L, Tapper W, Aittomäki K, Liu J, Blomqvist C, Eccles D, and Nevanlinna H
Abstract: The majority of breast cancers are driven by the female hormone oestrogen via oestrogen receptor (ER) alpha. ER-positive patients are commonly treated with adjuvant endocrine therapy, however, resistance is a common occurrence and aside from ER-status, no unequivocal predictive biomarkers are currently in clinical use. In this study, we aimed to identify constitutional genetic variants influencing breast cancer survival among ER-positive patients and specifically, among endocrine-treated patients. We conducted a meta-analysis of three genome-wide association studies comprising in total 3,136 patients with ER-positive breast cancer of which 2,751 had received adjuvant endocrine therapy. We identified a novel locus (rs992531 at 8p21.2) associated with reduced survival among the patients with ER-positive breast cancer ( P = 3.77 × 10 -8 ). Another locus (rs7701292 at 5q21.3) was associated with reduced survival among the endocrine-treated patients ( P = 2.13 × 10 -8 ). Interaction analysis indicated that the survival association of rs7701292 is treatment-specific and independent of conventional prognostic markers. In silico functional studies suggest plausible biological mechanisms for the observed survival associations and a functional link between the putative target genes of the rs992531 and rs7701292 (RHOBTB2 and RAB9P1, respectively). We further explored the genetic interaction between rs992531 and rs7701292 and found a significant, treatment-specific interactive effect on survival among ER-positive, endocrine-treated patients (hazard ratio = 6.97; 95% confidence interval, 1.79-27.08, P interactio n = 0.036). This is the first study to identify a genetic interaction that specifically predicts treatment outcome. These findings may provide predictive biomarkers based on germ line genotype informing more personalized treatment selection., Competing Interests: CONFLICTS OF INTEREST The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
Published: 2017
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44. Two missense mutations in KCNQ1 cause pituitary hormone deficiency and maternally inherited gingival fibromatosis.

Author: Tommiska J, Känsäkoski J, Skibsbye L, Vaaralahti K, Liu X, Lodge EJ, Tang C, Yuan L, Fagerholm R, Kanters JK, Lahermo P, Kaunisto M, Keski-Filppula R, Vuoristo S, Pulli K, Ebeling T, Valanne L, Sankila EM, Kivirikko S, Lääperi M, Casoni F, Giacobini P, Phan-Hug F, Buki T, Tena-Sempere M, Pitteloud N, Veijola R, Lipsanen-Nyman M, Kaunisto K, Mollard P, Andoniadou CL, Hirsch JA, Varjosalo M, Jespersen T, and Raivio T
Subjects: Adolescent, Adrenocorticotropic Hormone metabolism, Adult, Alleles, Amino Acid Substitution, Animals, Arrhythmias, Cardiac genetics, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Fibromatosis, Gingival metabolism, Humans, KCNQ1 Potassium Channel chemistry, KCNQ1 Potassium Channel metabolism, Male, Maternal Inheritance genetics, Mice, Middle Aged, Models, Molecular, Pedigree, Protein Interaction Maps, Recombinant Proteins chemistry, Recombinant Proteins genetics, Recombinant Proteins metabolism, Young Adult, Fibromatosis, Gingival genetics, Human Growth Hormone deficiency, KCNQ1 Potassium Channel genetics, Mutation, Missense
Abstract: Familial growth hormone deficiency provides an opportunity to identify new genetic causes of short stature. Here we combine linkage analysis with whole-genome resequencing in patients with growth hormone deficiency and maternally inherited gingival fibromatosis. We report that patients from three unrelated families harbor either of two missense mutations, c.347G>T p.(Arg116Leu) or c.1106C>T p.(Pro369Leu), in KCNQ1, a gene previously implicated in the long QT interval syndrome. Kcnq1 is expressed in hypothalamic GHRH neurons and pituitary somatotropes. Co-expressing KCNQ1 with the KCNE2 β-subunit shows that both KCNQ1 mutants increase current levels in patch clamp analyses and are associated with reduced pituitary hormone secretion from AtT-20 cells. In conclusion, our results reveal a role for the KCNQ1 potassium channel in the regulation of human growth, and show that growth hormone deficiency associated with maternally inherited gingival fibromatosis is an allelic disorder with cardiac arrhythmia syndromes caused by KCNQ1 mutations.
Published: 2017
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45. TP53-based interaction analysis identifies cis-eQTL variants for TP53BP2, FBXO28, and FAM53A that associate with survival and treatment outcome in breast cancer.

Author: Fagerholm R, Khan S, Schmidt MK, García-Closas M, Heikkilä P, Saarela J, Beesley J, Jamshidi M, Aittomäki K, Liu J, Ali HR, Andrulis IL, Beckmann MW, Behrens S, Blows FM, Brenner H, Chang-Claude J, Couch FJ, Czene K, Fasching PA, Figueroa J, Floris G, Glendon G, Guo Q, Hall P, Hallberg E, Hamann U, Holleczek B, Hooning MJ, Hopper JL, Jager A, Kabisch M, Keeman R, Kosma VM, Lambrechts D, Lindblom A, Mannermaa A, Margolin S, Provenzano E, Shah M, Southey MC, Dennis J, Lush M, Michailidou K, Wang Q, Bolla MK, Dunning AM, Easton DF, Pharoah PD, Chenevix-Trench G, Blomqvist C, and Nevanlinna H
Subjects: Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins genetics, Breast Neoplasms pathology, Female, Genotype, Humans, Middle Aged, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, SKP Cullin F-Box Protein Ligases genetics, Survival Analysis, Treatment Outcome, Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 genetics, Young Adult, Anthracyclines therapeutic use, Breast Neoplasms genetics, Quantitative Trait Loci
Abstract: TP53 overexpression is indicative of somatic TP53 mutations and associates with aggressive tumors and poor prognosis in breast cancer. We utilized a two-stage SNP association study to detect variants associated with breast cancer survival in a TP53-dependent manner. Initially, a genome-wide study (n = 575 cases) was conducted to discover candidate SNPs for genotyping and validation in the Breast Cancer Association Consortium (BCAC). The SNPs were then tested for interaction with tumor TP53 status (n = 4,610) and anthracycline treatment (n = 17,828). For SNPs interacting with anthracycline treatment, siRNA knockdown experiments were carried out to validate candidate genes.In the test for interaction between SNP genotype and TP53 status, we identified one locus, represented by rs10916264 (p(interaction) = 3.44 × 10-5; FDR-adjusted p = 0.0011) in estrogen receptor (ER) positive cases. The rs10916264 AA genotype associated with worse survival among cases with ER-positive, TP53-positive tumors (hazard ratio [HR] 2.36, 95% confidence interval [C.I] 1.45 - 3.82). This is a cis-eQTL locus for FBXO28 and TP53BP2; expression levels of these genes were associated with patient survival specifically in ER-positive, TP53-mutated tumors. Additionally, the SNP rs798755 was associated with survival in interaction with anthracycline treatment (p(interaction) = 9.57 × 10-5, FDR-adjusted p = 0.0130). RNAi-based depletion of a predicted regulatory target gene, FAM53A, indicated that this gene can modulate doxorubicin sensitivity in breast cancer cell lines.If confirmed in independent data sets, these results may be of clinical relevance in the development of prognostic and predictive marker panels for breast cancer.
Published: 2017
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46. Retinopathy of prematurity - from recognition of risk factors to treatment recommendations.

Author: Fagerholm R and Vesti E
Subjects: Humans, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Premature, Risk Factors, Laser Therapy methods, Retinopathy of Prematurity diagnosis, Retinopathy of Prematurity therapy
Abstract: Retinopathy of prematurity is a proliferative retinal disorder diagnosed exclusively in prematurely born infants. In retinopathy of prematurity, growth of the retinal vasculature is disturbed, leading to hypoxia-induced pathological changes typical of retinopathy of prematurity, in the worst case resulting in retinal detachment. The most typical risk factors predisposing to the disease include hyperoxemia, low levels of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-I), and low birth weight in relation to weeks of pregnancy. Laser therapy of peripheral retina is the currently established form of treatment. Screening is applied in order to recognize the pathological changes in retinopathy of prematurity early enough.
Published: 2017

47. FANCM c.5101C>T mutation associates with breast cancer survival and treatment outcome.

Author: Kiiski JI, Fagerholm R, Tervasmäki A, Pelttari LM, Khan S, Jamshidi M, Mantere T, Pylkäs K, Bartek J, Bartkova J, Mannermaa A, Tengström M, Kosma VM, Winqvist R, Kallioniemi A, Aittomäki K, Blomqvist C, and Nevanlinna H
Subjects: Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Biomarkers, Tumor, Breast Neoplasms diagnosis, Breast Neoplasms therapy, Combined Modality Therapy, DNA Helicases metabolism, Female, Genotype, Humans, Kaplan-Meier Estimate, Middle Aged, Neoplasm Grading, Neoplasm Metastasis, Neoplasm Staging, Phenotype, Population Surveillance, Prognosis, Proportional Hazards Models, Treatment Outcome, Young Adult, Breast Neoplasms genetics, Breast Neoplasms mortality, DNA Helicases genetics, Point Mutation
Abstract: Breast cancer (BC) is a heterogeneous disease, and different tumor characteristics and genetic variation may affect the clinical outcome. The FANCM c.5101C > T nonsense mutation in the Finnish population associates with increased risk of breast cancer, especially for triple-negative breast cancer patients. To investigate the association of the mutation with disease prognosis, we studied tumor phenotype, treatment outcome, and patient survival in 3,933 invasive breast cancer patients, including 101 FANCM c.5101C > T mutation carriers and 3,832 non-carriers. We also examined association of the mutation with nuclear immunohistochemical staining of DNA repair markers in 1,240 breast tumors. The FANCM c.5101C > T mutation associated with poor 10-year breast cancer-specific survival (hazard ratio (HR)=1.66, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.09-2.52, p = 0.018), with a more pronounced survival effect among familial cases (HR = 2.93, 95% CI 1.5-5.76, p = 1.80 × 10 -3 ). Poor disease outcome of the carriers was also found among the estrogen receptor (ER) positive subgroup of patients (HR = 1.8, 95% CI 1.09-2.98, p = 0.021). Reduced survival was seen especially among patients who had not received radiotherapy (HR = 3.43, 95% CI 1.6-7.34, p = 1.50 × 10 -3 ) but not among radiotherapy treated patients (HR = 1.35, 95% CI 0.82-2.23, p = 0.237). Significant interaction was found between the mutation and radiotherapy (p = 0.040). Immunohistochemical analyses show that c.5101C > T carriers have reduced PAR-activity. Our results suggest that FANCM c.5101C > T nonsense mutation carriers have a reduced breast cancer survival but postoperative radiotherapy may diminish this survival disadvantage., (© 2016 The Authors International Journal of Cancer published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of UICC.)
Published: 2016
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48. Patient survival and tumor characteristics associated with CHEK2:p.I157T - findings from the Breast Cancer Association Consortium.

Author: Muranen TA, Blomqvist C, Dörk T, Jakubowska A, Heikkilä P, Fagerholm R, Greco D, Aittomäki K, Bojesen SE, Shah M, Dunning AM, Rhenius V, Hall P, Czene K, Brand JS, Darabi H, Chang-Claude J, Rudolph A, Nordestgaard BG, Couch FJ, Hart SN, Figueroa J, García-Closas M, Fasching PA, Beckmann MW, Li J, Liu J, Andrulis IL, Winqvist R, Pylkäs K, Mannermaa A, Kataja V, Lindblom A, Margolin S, Lubinski J, Dubrowinskaja N, Bolla MK, Dennis J, Michailidou K, Wang Q, Easton DF, Pharoah PD, Schmidt MK, and Nevanlinna H
Subjects: Amino Acid Substitution, Biomarkers, Tumor, Breast Neoplasms pathology, Cluster Analysis, Codon, Europe epidemiology, Female, Gene Expression Profiling, Genetic Association Studies, Heterozygote, Humans, Neoplasm Grading, Neoplasm Metastasis, Neoplasm Staging, Prognosis, Transcriptome, Breast Neoplasms genetics, Breast Neoplasms mortality, Checkpoint Kinase 2 genetics, Mutation, Missense
Abstract: Background: P.I157T is a CHEK2 missense mutation associated with a modest increase in breast cancer risk. Previously, another CHEK2 mutation, the protein truncating c.1100delC has been associated with poor prognosis of breast cancer patients. Here, we have investigated patient survival and characteristics of breast tumors of germ line p.I157T carriers., Methods: We included in the analyses 26,801 European female breast cancer patients from 15 studies participating in the Breast Cancer Association Consortium. We analyzed the association between p.I157T and the clinico-pathological breast cancer characteristics by comparing the p.I157T carrier tumors to non-carrier and c.1100delC carrier tumors. Similarly, we investigated the p.I157T associated risk of early death, breast cancer-associated death, distant metastasis, locoregional relapse and second breast cancer using Cox proportional hazards models. Additionally, we explored the p.I157T-associated genomic gene expression profile using data from breast tumors of 183 Finnish female breast cancer patients (ten p.I157T carriers) (GEO: GSE24450). Differential gene expression analysis was performed using a moderated t test. Functional enrichment was investigated using the DAVID functional annotation tool and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). The tumors were classified into molecular subtypes according to the St Gallen 2013 criteria and the PAM50 gene expression signature., Results: P.I157T was not associated with increased risk of early death, breast cancer-associated death or distant metastasis relapse, and there was a significant difference in prognosis associated with the two CHEK2 mutations, p.I157T and c.1100delC. Furthermore, p.I157T was associated with lobular histological type and clinico-pathological markers of good prognosis, such as ER and PR expression, low TP53 expression and low grade. Gene expression analysis suggested luminal A to be the most common subtype for p.I157T carriers and CDH1 (cadherin 1) target genes to be significantly enriched among genes, whose expression differed between p.I157T and non-carrier tumors., Conclusions: Our analyses suggest that there are fundamental differences in breast tumors of CHEK2:p.I157T and c.1100delC carriers. The poor prognosis associated with c.1100delC cannot be generalized to other CHEK2 mutations.
Published: 2016
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49. Polygenic risk score is associated with increased disease risk in 52 Finnish breast cancer families.

Author: Muranen TA, Mavaddat N, Khan S, Fagerholm R, Pelttari L, Lee A, Aittomäki K, Blomqvist C, Easton DF, and Nevanlinna H
Subjects: Algorithms, Breast Neoplasms epidemiology, Case-Control Studies, Female, Finland epidemiology, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Humans, Multifactorial Inheritance, Pedigree, Breast Neoplasms genetics, Genetic Variation, Genotyping Techniques methods
Abstract: The risk of developing breast cancer is increased in women with family history of breast cancer and particularly in families with multiple cases of breast or ovarian cancer. Nevertheless, many women with a positive family history never develop the disease. Polygenic risk scores (PRSs) based on the risk effects of multiple common genetic variants have been proposed for individual risk assessment on a population level. We investigate the applicability of the PRS for risk prediction within breast cancer families. We studied the association between breast cancer risk and a PRS based on 75 common genetic variants in 52 Finnish breast cancer families including 427 genotyped women and pedigree information on ~4000 additional individuals by comparing the affected to healthy family members, as well as in a case-control dataset comprising 1272 healthy population controls and 1681 breast cancer cases with information on family history. Family structure was summarized using the BOADICEA risk prediction model. The PRS was associated with increased disease risk in women with family history of breast cancer as well as in women within the breast cancer families. The odds ratio (OR) for breast cancer within the family dataset was 1.55 [95 % CI 1.26-1.91] per unit increase in the PRS, similar to OR in unselected breast cancer cases of the case-control dataset (1.49 [1.38-1.62]). High PRS-values were informative for risk prediction in breast cancer families, whereas for the low PRS-categories the results were inconclusive. The PRS is informative in women with family history of breast cancer and should be incorporated within pedigree-based clinical risk assessment.
Published: 2016
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50. Heterogeneity of luminal breast cancer characterised by immunohistochemical expression of basal markers.

Author: Sung H, Garcia-Closas M, Chang-Claude J, Blows FM, Ali HR, Figueroa J, Nevanlinna H, Fagerholm R, Heikkilä P, Blomqvist C, Giles GG, Milne RL, Southey MC, McLean C, Mannermaa A, Kosma VM, Kataja V, Sironen R, Couch FJ, Olson JE, Hallberg E, Olswold C, Cox A, Cross SS, Kraft P, Tamimi RM, Eliassen AH, Schmidt MK, Bolla MK, Wang Q, Easton D, Howat WJ, Coulson P, Pharoah PD, Sherman ME, and Yang XR
Subjects: Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Body Mass Index, Breast Neoplasms pathology, Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast pathology, Carcinoma, Lobular pathology, Female, Humans, Immunohistochemistry, Menarche, Menopause, Middle Aged, Neoplasm Grading, Neoplasm Staging, Parity, Prognosis, Receptor, ErbB-2 metabolism, Risk Factors, Tumor Burden, Biomarkers, Tumor metabolism, Breast Neoplasms metabolism, Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast metabolism, Carcinoma, Lobular metabolism, ErbB Receptors metabolism, Keratin-5 metabolism, Keratin-6 metabolism, Receptors, Estrogen metabolism, Receptors, Progesterone metabolism
Abstract: Background: Luminal A breast cancer defined as hormone receptor positive and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) negative is known to be heterogeneous. Previous study showed that luminal A tumours with the expression of basal markers ((cytokeratin (CK) 5 or CK5/6) or epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)) were associated with poorer prognosis compared with those that stained negative for basal markers. Prompted by this study, we assessed whether tumour characteristics and risk factors differed by basal marker status within luminal A tumours., Methods: We pooled 5040 luminal A cases defined by immunohistochemistry (4490 basal-negative ((CK5 (or CK5/6))- and EGFR-) and 550 basal-positive ((CK5 (or CK5/6+)) or EGFR+)) from eight studies participating in the Breast Cancer Association Consortium. Case-case comparison was performed using unconditional logistic regression., Results: Tumour characteristics and risk factors did not vary significantly by the expression of basal markers, although results suggested that basal-positive luminal tumours tended to be smaller and node negative, and were more common in women with a positive family history and lower body mass index., Conclusions: Most established breast cancer risk factors were similar in basal-positive and basal-negative luminal A tumours. The non-significant but suggestive differences in tumour features and family history warrant further investigations.
Published: 2016
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