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Background: More than 90% of cervical cancers are related to chronic inflammation caused by HPV. Several studies have shown that laboratory hematological parameters can detect the severity of systemic inflammation. Objectives: Our current cohort study investigated the predictive role of pretreatment hematological parameters for response to definitive chemoradiotherapy in patients with locally advanced cervical cancer (LACC). Methods: Prospectively, patients with LACC who candidates for definitive chemoradiation at Shohadaye Haftom-e-Tir and Firozgar Hospitals (Tehran, Iran) were included in our study between April 2021 and December 2022. Hematological parameters were obtained from the blood sample test and peripheral blood smear before treatment. All patients diagnosed in stage IB to IVA received a similar treatment protocol and follow-up. Patients were divided into complete clinical (CR) and non-complete clinical responses (Non-CR). Leukocyte, Lymphocyte, neutrophil, platelet, hemoglobin (Hb), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), were documented and then compared between two groups of responders. We used receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis to investigate the predictive value of these hematological parameters. Results: Out of 34 patients who met the inclusion criteria, 25 (73/5%) patients were complete responders and 9 (265%) were non-complete responders. The average number of neutrophils, leukocytes, and NLR was significantly higher among Non-complete responders. Hemoglobin in patients with non-complete responses was significantly lower than that of the other group of responders. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that the optimized cut-off values for pretreatment Hb and NLR were 11 and 2.1, respectively. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio cut-off point > 2.1 is significantly associated with larger tumor size, low Hb, high platelet, and high leukocyte. Conclusions: hematological markers such as NLR can be a simple and inexpensive predictive factor to evaluate therapeutic response to chemoradiation in LACC patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma or MALToma occurs in 8% of B‐cell non‐Hodgkin lymphoma according to the latest WHO classification. The most involved site of MALToma is stomach. We describe a rare case of concurrent gastric and orbital mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma (MALToma) of a female who presented with progressive proptosis and abdominal pain. We performed six courses of chemotherapy (Rituximab) and gastric and orbital radiation with a dose of 34 Gy/20 Fr and 30 Gy/20 Fr, respectively. This case underscores the efficacy of a multimodal treatment strategy in achieving successful outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The aim of this study was to determine whether mammographic and sonographic features of malignant breast lesions are correlated with tumor histologic grade, hormonal receptor, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), and Ki-67 status. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective study, imaging and histopathological findings of 187 biopsy-proven breast cancer cases from November 2019 to February 2021 were reviewed. The Chi-square test was used to examine the potential correlation between mammographic and sonographic characteristics with histopathological features such as hormonal receptor, HER2 status, Ki-67 labeling index, and histological grade. Results: We observed that microlobulated margin as well as oval/round morphology in mammograms correlate with triple-negative intrinsic subtype (P = 0.006 and P = 0.004). The presence of calcification in sonography was significantly higher in the luminal-B subtype (P = 0.002). Furthermore, ill-defined margins in mammography were significantly higher in amplified HER2 expression (P = 0.004) in the same manner as an oval/round shape in higher levels of Ki-67 (P = 0.030). Conclusion: Mammography and sonography features may reflect the biological behavior of various subtypes of breast cancer and can detect more aggressive breast cancers that can mimic benign or less malignant appearing lesions. These findings may be an excellent predictor for some subtypes like triple-negative breast cancer. Studying the range of these imaging characteristics may help in better understanding the prognosis, choosing a treatment strategy, and predicting response to treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Laryngeal damages after chemoradiation therapy (RT) in nonlaryngeal head-and-neck cancers (HNCs) can cause voice disorders and finally reduce the patient's quality of life (QOL). The aim of this study was to evaluate voice and predict laryngeal damages using statistical binary logistic regression (BLR) models in patients with nonlaryngeal HNCs. Methods: This cross-section experimental study was performed on seventy patients (46 males, 24 females) with an average age of 50.43 ± 16.54 years, with nonlaryngeal HNCs and eighty individuals with assumed normal voices. Subjective and objective voice assessment was carried out in three stages including before, at the end, and 6 months after treatment. Eventually, the Enter method of the BLR was used to measure the odds ratio of independent variables. Results: In objective evaluation, the acoustic parameters except for F0 increased significantly (P < 0.001) at the end treatment stage and decreased 6 months after treatment. The same trend can be seen in the subjective evaluations, whereas none of the values returned to pretreatment levels. Statistical models of BLR showed that chemotherapy (P < 0.05), mean laryngeal dose (P < 0.05), V50 Gy (P = 0.002), and gender (P = 0.008) had the greatest effect on incidence laryngeal damages. The model based on acoustic analysis had the highest percentage accuracy of 84.3%, sensitivity of 87.2%, and the area under the curve of 0.927. Conclusions: Voice evaluation and the use of BLR models to determine important factors were the optimum methods to reduce laryngeal damages and maintain the patient's QOL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) emerged in December 2019 in China and exhibited as a highly contagious viral infection which led to a high level of mortality and morbidity. It is followed by a great deal of complications, such as serious psychological disorders. There are a few studies evaluating the psychological status of COVID-19 on the patients with cancer in Iran. Method: This was a cross-sectional study carried out on 94 patients with cancer who referred to Haft-e-Tir hospital for radiotherapy and chemotherapy from 20 April to 15 may, 2020. The data collection tool was the impact of events scale-revised (IESR). Results: The prevalence of anxiety disorders and obsessive compulsive disorder based on past psychiatric history in the patients was 11.7% and 2.1%, respectively. The results revealed that age was significantly related to avoidance dimension score (B = -0. 209, 95% CI: -0.084 to - 0.335). Regarding hyper arousal dimension score, the results were as follows: rural residency (B = 5.091, 95% CI: 0.610 to 9.573), past psychiatric history (PPH) (B = 8.312, 95% CI: 4.314 to 12.310), and radiotherapy (B = -2.976, 95% CI: -5.878 to -0.074) had a statistically significant relationship with the hyper arousal dimension score. Conclusion: The patients with cancer had a severe form of COVID-19. Individuals with cancer who had a previous psychiatric history are more vulnerable to posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms after trauma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The use of neoadjuvant chemoradiation has enhanced local control in rectal cancer patients. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of adding a high dose rate (HDR) brachytherapy (BRT) boost in locally advanced rectal cancer. Methods: This retrospective trial was conducted based on the medical records of patients with rectal cancer, who were referred to a tertiary hospital for neoadjuvant treatment. Fifteen patients who were treated with HDR brachytherapy boost after completion of externalbeamradiotherapy (EBRT) and concurrent chemotherapy were enrolled in the intervention group and 15 patientswhowere clinically matched (age, sex, stage, and distance of tumor from anal verge) were selected as the control group. EBRT schedule and concurrent chemotherapy regimen were similar in the two groups. The rate of pathological complete response (PCR), downstaging (T staging), and frequency of side effects were compared between the two groups of the study. Results: The mean age of patients was 57.979.11 years and 18 patients (60%) were male. The results showed that T 3 and N 1 rectal cancer had the highest frequency among patients. Downstaging was observed in 66.7% and 80% of the control and intervention groups, respectively (P: 0.40). The rate of PCR was not different in the two groups (13.3% in both groups, P > 0.99). There were no significant differences in terms of treatment complications between the two groups, as well. Conclusions: HDR-BRT boost for rectal cancer is feasible and might improve downstaging in rectal cancer, but not PCR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: PBL is arare form of extranodal lymphoma. The most common pathology is diffuse large B cell lymphoma and most patients are diagnosed at stages 1 and 2. The therapeutic options undertaken so far include surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy Case Presentation: The patient was a 54-year old woman with localized primary breast DLBCL. The patient underwent 6 courses of chemotherapy with an RCHOP regimen followed by radiotherapy of the breast and regional lymph nodes with a 40 Gy dose. The patient was in complete remission on PET scan 3 months later. Around one year after, the patient experienced relapse in the contralateral breast. Conclusions: In the pattern of relapse of patients, there is a tendency for extranodal relapse. In some studies maximum level of relapse occurring in CNS and some advocate CNS prophylaxis in these patients. The best outcome is for patients treated with chemotherapy including rituximab followed by radiation. We reviewed some studies in the aspect of treatment modalities and site of relapsed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Irradiation of the adjacent critical structures is inevitable in breast cancer radiotherapy (RT). Our purpose is to assess the dose distribution across the breast tissue and adjacent organs with our institutional asymmetric technique for left-sided breast cancer compared to the standard tangential wedged beam (TWB) and electron-boosted TWB techniques. Materials and Methods: The three RT planning were created for 30 consecutive patients with a focus on proper coverage of the planning target volume (PTV). The irritated doses into the heart, ipsilateral lung, and left anterior descending artery (LAD) were evaluated. Results: No significant difference was found in the mean values of relative PTV irradiated to 47.5 Gy, PTV dose and the volume of PTV, and critical organs between the treatments. The mean dose (Dmean) irradiated to the heart and LAD was lowest with the electron-boosted TWB. The Dmean to the heart was comparable between the TWB and asymmetric RT techniques, while the Dmean to LAD was significantly reduced with asymmetric technique versus TWB. The heart volume receiving ≥25 Gy and the Dmean to the left lung were significantly decreased with the asymmetric technique compared with TWB. The mean relative lung volume irradiated to ≥20 Gy was comparable between all techniques. The mean central lung distance was also significantly increased from 18.03 ± 4.5 cm with asymmetric RT to 37.47 ± 5.6 cm with TWB and to 27.67 ± 3.8 cm with electron-boosted TWB techniques. Conclusion: The asymmetric technique is useful for patients with breast cancer on the left side, having acceptable PTV coverage and considerably reduced cardiopulmonary doses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The relationship between breast cancer and benign thyroid disease is controversial and the results of published studies have been conflicting. This study aimed at evaluating the prevalence of thyroid disease in patients with breast cancer and comparing the results with individuals without cancer. Methods: In this retrospective case-control study, the demographic factors, basic characteristics of the tumor and thyroid function tests (T3, T4, TSH) and a number of patients with thyroid disorders, hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism were measured in 100 breast cancer patients and 100 control individuals and the results were compared between the two groups. Results: According to our results, there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of demographic factors. Also, thyroid dysfunction was found in 15% of patients and 19% of the controls, and hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism were 6% versus 8% and 9% versus 11% in cancer patients and control patients, respectively. The difference was not statistically significant. Conclusion: Our prospective study did not show any significant difference in the prevalence of thyroid disorders between patients with breast cancer and individuals without cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]