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15. Pheromones

Author

Phillips, Thomas W., Cogan, Paul M., Fadamiro, Henry Y., Subramanyam, Bhadriraju, editor, and Hagstrum, David W., editor

Published
2000
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16. Direct and Indirect Competitive Interactions between Ooencyrtus nezarae and Paratelenomus saccharalis Parasitizing Megacopta cribraria Egg Patches.

Author

Warsi, Sanower, Chicas-Mosier, Ana M., Balusu, Rammohan R., Jacobson, Alana L., and Fadamiro, Henry Y.

Subjects
BROOD parasitism, EGGS, BIRD eggs, POPULATION dynamics, WASPS, HYMENOPTERA, PARASITISM
Abstract

Simple Summary: This article studied the interaction between two egg parasitoids, Paratelenomus saccharalis and Ooencyrtus nezarae, of the kudzu bug (Megacopta cribraria). In the laboratory, we focused on how the timing of arrival to host eggs influences egg parasitism, competition, aggressive behaviors of wasps, and intraguild predation of wasp larvae in host eggs. Results showed that interspecific interactions reduced P. saccharalis emergence in the presence of O. nezarae; however, the degree of this effect altered when wasps were released sequentially versus simultaneously and over time. Adults P. saccharalis competed aggressively for the shared host, although O. nezarae larvae outcompeted in multiparasitized eggs. Our results suggest that O. nezarae has the potential to negatively impact the population dynamics of P. saccharalis, which could influence the success of biological control programs targeting the kudzu bug. The present study investigated egg parasitoid interspecific interactions between a generalist, Ooencyrtus nezarae Ishii (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) and a specialist, Paratelenomus saccharalis Dodd (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae) in a laboratory setting using kudzu bug (Megacopta cribraria Fabricius, (Hemiptera: Plataspidae)) eggs as their shared host. Three experiments were conducted to evaluate the emergence of wasps from parasitized hosts after the simultaneous and sequential release of wasps, monitor aggressive behavior of P. saccharalis, and quantify intraguild predation of O. nezarae larvae on heterospecific P. saccharalis larvae. Results showed that total host egg parasitism was higher when both wasps were released simultaneously than if wasps were released sequentially. Ooencyrtus nezarae produced more total offspring than P. saccharalis in all sequential/simultaneous treatments but produced male offspring in most cases. In the aggressive behavioral experiment, specialist, P. saccharalis used head butting to fight O. nezarae, but no other aggressions were observed. In an experiment examining intraguild predation, O. nezarae was able to develop in host eggs parasitized by P. saccharalis four days earlier, acting as a superior larval competitor. These findings shed light on the potential interspecific interactions between O. nezarae and P. saccharalis, which may determine their relative abundance and influence their compatibility in kudzu bug biological control programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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32. First record of Trissolcus basalis (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) parasitizing Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in the United States.

Author

Balusu, Rammohan R., Talamas, Elijah J., Cottrell, Ted E., Toews, Michael D., Blaauw, Brett R., Sial, Ashfaq A., Buntin, David G., Fadamiro, Henry Y., and Tillman, Glynn

Subjects
BROWN marmorated stink bug, HYMENOPTERA, INSECT eggs, PARASITOIDS
Abstract

Background A parasitoid wasp, Trissolcus basalis (Wollaston), was recorded parasitizing eggs of the invasive stink bug Halyomorpha halys (Stål) in the United States. This is the first record of this species parasitizing fresh and frozen eggs of H. halys in the United States. New information First record of Trissolcus basalis parasitizing Halyomorpha halys eggs in the United States. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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33. The smell of sex: cuticular hydrocarbons of adult small hive beetles, Aethina tumida(Coleoptera: Nitidulidae)

Author

Papach, Anna, Balusu, Rammohan, Williams, Geoffrey R., Fadamiro, Henry Y., and Neumann, Peter

Abstract

AbstractCuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs) play key olfactory roles in insect mating, and can therefore be used for pest control. However, the CHC profiles of adult small hive beetles (SHB), Aethina tumida, are currently unknown, even though this widespread invasive species threatens agriculture and wild bee populations. Here we show that CHC profiles can differ between SHB males and females, as well as their mating statuses. In the laboratory, SHB were reared individually and then kept singly or in mixed groups of males and females until sexual maturity at day 10. Then, CHC profiles were compared between the six groups (virgin 1 and 10 days old females, mated 10 days old females, virgin 1 and 10 days old males, and mated 10 days old males). The data show largely homogenous CHC profiles, with no substance being specific to males. However, Hexahydropyridine,1-methyl-4-[4,5-dihydroxyphenyl] was only detected in female SHBs and 2′-Hydroxypropiophenone, TMS derivative was only detected in 10 days old virgin females, and 5-Cyclohexyl-1-pentene was exclusively found in mated beetles, regardless of sex or age. The biological activity of these candidates needs to be confirmed. Given that they constitute olfactory cues involved in mating, this would offer a promising avenue for sustainable pest control of SHB, enabling for the first time to protect wild bee populations.

Published
2022
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41. Biting Rates and OnchocercaInfectivity Status of Black Flies from the Simulium damnosumComplex (Diptera: Simuliidae) in Osun State, Nigeria

Author

Oforka, Linda C, Adeleke, Monsuru A, Anikwe, Joseph C, Hardy, Nate B, Mathias, Derrick K, Makanjuola, Winifred A, and Fadamiro, Henry Y

Abstract

The Simulium damnosumTheobald complex transmits Onchocerca volvulusLeuckart (Spirurida: Onchocercidae), the causative agent of onchocerciasis. Recent evidence suggests that control efforts have strongly suppressed parasite populations, but vector surveillance is needed in parts of Africa where the disease remains endemic. Here, studies on biting rates and infectivity status of suspected vector species were conducted in three onchocerciasis-endemic areas, namely Iwo, Ede, and Obokun, in Osun State, Nigeria. A total of 3,035 black flies were collected between October 2014 and September 2016, and examined for parity and parasites using standard methods. A separate collection of 2,000 black flies was pool-screened for infectivity using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of the O-150marker. Results showed that parous flies were significantly less common than nulliparous flies with overall parous rates of 8.02% in Iwo and 35.38% in Ede at the end of the study period. Obokun had a parous rate of 22.22% obtained in the first year only. None of the dissected parous flies were infected with O. volvulusand PCR assays showed no amplification of O-150 O. volvulus-specific repeats in head and body pools. However, annual biting rates exceeded the World Health Organization threshold of 1,000 bites/person/yr. Thus it appears that, with such high rates of biting, even low levels of vector infection can sustain onchocerciasis in African communities.

Published
2020
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42. New record of Trissolcus solocis (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) parasitising Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in the United States of America.

Author

Balusu, Rammohan R., Cottrell, Ted E., Talamas, Elijah J., Toews, Michael D., Blaauw, Brett R., Sial, Ashfaq A., Buntin, David G., Vinson, Edgar L., Fadamiro, Henry Y., and Tillman, Glynn P.

Subjects
TRISSOLCUS, BROWN marmorated stink bug, PARASITOIDS, SCELIONIDAE, WASPS
Abstract

Background A parasitoid wasp, Trissolcus solocis Johnson, was recorded parasitising eggs of the invasive stink bug Halyomorpha halys (Stål), in the United States. This is the first record of this species parasitising eggs of H. halys. New information First record of Trissolcus solocis parasitising Halyomorpha halys eggs in the United States and first record of T. solocis in Alabama. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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46. On the Formation of a Protic Ionic Liquid in Nature

Author

Chen, Li, primary, Mullen, Genevieve E., additional, Le Roch, Myriam, additional, Cassity, Cody G., additional, Gouault, Nicolas, additional, Fadamiro, Henry Y., additional, Barletta, Robert E., additional, O'Brien, Richard A., additional, Sykora, Richard E., additional, Stenson, Alexandra C., additional, West, Kevin N., additional, Horne, Howard E., additional, Hendrich, Jeffrey M., additional, Xiang, Kang Rui, additional, and Davis, James H., additional

Published
2014
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