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Background and purpose: Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is the thrombosis affecting cerebral veins and sinus and is a rare condition. The diagnosis may be late or neglected due to the great clinical spectrum of symptoms, various forms of initial presentation and unspecific signs of neuroimaging. Materials and methods: In this descriptive study, the included patients were followed up according to clinical manifestations, diagnostic efforts and clinical suspicions. The information regarding the subjects' age, gender, clinical presentation, diagnostic efforts and classified treatment results were recorded. The data was obtained during a 21 months period and analyzed in SPSS. Results: The most prevalent symptoms among the study population were headache, papillary edema, blurred vision, sensory-motor disorder, disorders of consciousness, double vision, behavioral disorder, speech impairment, focal seizure, and generalized seizure. The most common reasons were taking oral contraceptive pill (OCP), pregnancy, infection, idiopathic, drug abuse, hematologic diseases, trauma, previous cerebrovascular accident, CVT, diabetes, and hypertension. Conclusion: The most prevalent complaint was headache and the most founded neurological sign was papillary edema. In our study, OCP and pregnancy were the greatest etiologies, while infection was the next common etiology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type 1--Associated Myelopathy, or Tropical Spastic Paraparesis (HAM/TSP) is a slowly progressive disease with characteristics such as spastic paralysis, sensory dysfunction in lower limbs and sphincteric dysfunction which infection with HTLV-1 virus is responsible for it. Clinical course of this disease is almost progressive and without treatment results in severe disability. Human T Lymphocytic Virus-type 1 which is endemic in north east of Iran, Khorasan, in 3% of carriers results in HTLV-1 Associated Myelopathy /Tropical Spastic Paraparesis. Although chronic inflammation of spinal cord seems to play a major role in the pathogenesis of this disease, immunomodulatory treatments have not shown significant improvement in this disorder. Since, different approaches such as prednisolone, danazol, plasma exchange and alfa interferon are used for treatment of this disease, although, these treatments were not completely successful and one distinct protocol was not proposed. As HTLV-1 infection is endemic in Khorasan, clinical studies about this disorder and its treatment is necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Migraine Induced Stroke (MIS) is an important cause of brain infarction in the young people., Methods: Consecutive patients with MIS admitted in Ghaem hospital, Mashhad during 2006-2010 enrolled a prospective clinical study. All of the patients suspected to MIS had brain MRI with a 0.5 Tesla generation, Philips NT Intra, Netherland. All of the MIS patients underwent a standard battery of diagnostic investigations for detecting etiology of stroke. Disability of MIS patients was detected based on the modified Rankin scale at 90 days post stroke., Results: 32 MIS patients (18 females, 14 males) with mean age 37.2 ± 3.8 years ranged 15-58 years were evaluated. Hypodense area of infarction corresponding to clinical manifestations was detected in MRI in 32% of our MIS patients. The mean disability score in our MIS patients was 1.09 ± 0.32, which is significantly lower than other stroke patients (z = 2.55, P = 0.007), Conclusion: MIS is an important cause of stroke in Persian young adults which have good prognosis.