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415 results on '"Faculté des Sciences [Bruxelles] (ULB)"'

1. Native glycosylation and binding of the antidepressant paroxetine in a low-resolution crystal structure of human myeloperoxidase

Author: Lucas Krawczyk, Shubham Semwal, Jalal Soubhye, Salma Lemri Ouadriri, Martin Prévost, Pierre Van Antwerpen, Goedele Roos, Julie Bouckaert, Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle - UMR 8576 (UGSF), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Faculté de Pharmacie [Bruxelles] (ULB), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Faculté des Sciences [Bruxelles] (ULB), Université de Lille, CNRS, Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle UMR 8576 [UGSF], Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle (UGSF) - UMR 8576, Faculté de Pharmacie [Bruxelles] [ULB], Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle - UMR 8576 [UGSF], and Faculté des Sciences [Bruxelles] [ULB]
Subjects: Paroxetine, human myeloperoxidase, thiocyanate, Glycosylation, Structural Biology, Polysaccharides, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], glycosylation, N-glycan refinement, paroxetine, Humans, Antidepressive Agents, Peroxidase
Abstract: International audience; Human myeloperoxidase (MPO) utilizes hydrogen peroxide to oxidize organic compounds and as such plays an essential role in cell-component synthesis, in metabolic and elimination pathways, and in the front-line defence against pathogens. Moreover, MPO is increasingly being reported to play a role in inflammation. The enzymatic activity of MPO has also been shown to depend on its glycosylation. Mammalian MPO crystal structures deposited in the Protein Data Bank (PDB) present only a partial identification of their glycosylation. Here, a newly obtained crystal structure of MPO containing four disulfide-linked dimers and showing an elaborate collection of glycans is reported. These are compared with the glycans identified in proteomics studies and from 18 human MPO structures available in the PDB. The crystal structure also contains bound paroxetine, a blocker of serotonin reuptake that has previously been identified as an irreversible inhibitor of MPO, in the presence of thiocyanate, a physiological substrate of MPO.
Published: 2022

2. You Want it Sweeter: How Glycosylation Affects Plant Response to Oxidative Stress

Author: Mondher El Jaziri, Marc Behr, Godfrey Neutelings, Marie Baucher, Faculté des Sciences [Bruxelles] (ULB), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle (UGSF), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle - UMR 8576 (UGSF), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Lille, CNRS, Faculté des Sciences [Bruxelles] [ULB], and Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle UMR 8576 [UGSF]
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, glucosidase, Glycosylation, abiotic stress, Context (language use), Plant Science, Review, Biology, phytohormone, lcsh:Plant culture, medicine.disease_cause, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, biotic stress, medicine, flavonoid, lcsh:SB1-1110, ROS—reactive oxygen species, 2. Zero hunger, Abiotic component, redox homeostasis, Redox homeostasis, Abiotic stress, 15. Life on land, Biotic stress, Physiologie des plantes vasculaires, Cell biology, [CHIM.THEO]Chemical Sciences/Theoretical and/or physical chemistry, 030104 developmental biology, abiotic stress, biotic stress, flavonoid, glucosidase, phytohormone, redox homeostasis, ROS—reactive oxygen species, UDP-glycosyltransferase (UGT), chemistry, 13. Climate action, ROS—reactiveoxygen species, UDP-glycosyltransferase (UGT), Adaptation, Oxidative stress, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: Oxidative stress is a cellular threat which puts at risk the productivity of most of crops valorized by humankind in terms of food, feed, biomaterial, or bioenergy. It is therefore of crucial importance to understand the mechanisms by which plants mitigate thedeleterious effects of oxidizing agents. Glycosylation of antioxidant molecules and phytohormones modifies their chemical properties as well as their cellular and histological repartition. This review emphasizes the mechanisms and the outcomes of this conjugation reaction on plant ability to face growing conditions favoring oxidative stress, in mirror with the activity of deglycosylating enzymes. Pioneer evidence bridging flavonoid, glycosylation, and redox homeostasis paved the way for numerous functional analyses of UDP-glycosyltransferases (UGTs), such as the identification of their substrates and their role to circumvent oxidative stress resulting from various environmental challenges. (De)glycosylation appears as a simple chemical reaction regulating the biosynthesis and/or the activity of a myriad of specialized metabolites partaking inresponse to pathogen and abiotic stresses. This outcome underlies the possibility to valorize UGTs potential to upgrade plant adaptation and fitness in a rising context of suboptimal growing conditions subsequent to climate change., info:eu-repo/semantics/published
Published: 2020

3. Cosmic-ray transport from AMS-02 boron to carbon ratio data: Benchmark models and interpretation

Author: M. Vecchi, P. Salati, Pasquale D. Serpico, David Maurin, Sylvie Rosier, V. Poireau, Laurent Derome, P. I. Batista, S. Caroff, Yoann Génolini, Julien Lavalle, Vivian Poulin, Alexandre Marcowith, Mathieu Boudaud, Département d'Informatique [Bruxelles] (ULB), Faculté des Sciences [Bruxelles] (ULB), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)-Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Service de Physique Théorique, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)-Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)-Faculté des Sciences [Bruxelles] (ULB), Laboratoire de Physique Théorique et Hautes Energies (LPTHE), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IFSC, Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE (UMR_7585)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier (LUPM), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IFAC, Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), EMA, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique Théorique (LAPTH), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), KVI, ANR-18-CE31-0006,GaDaMa,Matière Noire Galactique(2018), European Project: 690575,H2020,H2020-MSCA-RISE-2015,InvisiblesPlus(2016), European Project: 674896,H2020,H2020-MSCA-ITN-2015,ELUSIVES(2016), Research unit Astroparticle Physics, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2), Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Computer Science Department [Bruxelles] (ULB), Université Libre de Bruxelles [Bruxelles] (ULB), Université Libre de Bruxelles [Bruxelles] (ULB)-Université Libre de Bruxelles [Bruxelles] (ULB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP/Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)
Subjects: Systematic error, [PHYS.ASTR.HE]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], IN-DIFFUSION MODELS, chemistry.chemical_element, Cosmic ray, PROPAGATION, ACCELERATION, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Rigidity (electromagnetism), SPATIAL ORIGIN, PATH-LENGTH, 0103 physical sciences, PARTICLES, 010306 general physics, Boron, DISSIPATION, Physics, REACCELERATION, Microphysics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Turbulence, CONSTRAINTS, Limiting, ASTROFÍSICA, Computational physics, [PHYS.ASTR.GA]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.GA], chemistry, 13. Climate action, SOLAR MODULATION, Galactic cosmic raysCosmic-ray propagation
Abstract: This article aims at establishing new benchmark scenarios for Galactic cosmic-ray propagation in the GV-TV rigidity range, based on fits to the AMS-02 B/C data and the \usine{} propagation code. We employ a new fitting procedure, cautiously taking into account systematic error correlations in different rigidity bins and considering Solar modulation potential and leading nuclear cross-section as nuisance parameters. We delineate specific low, intermediate, and high-rigidity ranges, that can be related to both features in the data and peculiar microphysics mechanisms resulting in spectral breaks. We single out a scenario which yields excellent fits to the data and includes all the presumably relevant complexity, the \BIG{} model. This model has two limiting regimes: (i) the \SLIM{} model, a minimal diffusion-only setup, and (ii) the \QUAINT{} model, a convection-reacceleration model where reacceleration is tuned by non-relativistic effects. All models lead to robust predictions in the high-energy regime ($\gtrsim10$~GV), i.e. independent of the propagation scenario: at $1\sigma$, the diffusion slope $\delta$ is $[0.43-0.53]$, whereas $K_{10}$, the diffusion coefficient at 10~GV, is $[0.26-0.36]$~kpc$^2$~Myr$^{-1}$; we confirm the robustness of the high-energy break, with a typical value $\sim 0.2$. We also find a hint for a similar (reversed) feature at low rigidity around the B/C peak ($\sim 4$~GV) which might be related to some effective damping scale in the magnetic turbulence.
Published: 2019

4. Prdm13 forms a feedback loop with Ptf1a and is required for glycinergic amacrine cell genesis in the Xenopus Retina

Author: Bessodes, Nathalie, Parain, Karine, Bronchain, Odile, Bellefroid, Eric J., Perron, Muriel, Laboratory of Developmental Genetics, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay (NeuroPSI), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Biologie et de Médecine Moléculaires [Gosselies] (ULB/IBMM), Faculté des Sciences [Bruxelles] (ULB), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)-Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)-Faculté de Médecine [Bruxelles] (ULB), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)-Faculté des Sciences [Bruxelles] (ULB), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)-ULB Neuroscience Institute, and Centre d'Etude et de Recherche Thérapeutique en Ophtalmologie, Retina France
Subjects: Feedback, Physiological, Ptf1a, [SDV.NEU.PC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Psychology and behavior, Subtype specification, [SDV.NEU.NB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Neurobiology, Neurogenesis, Prdm13, Glycine, [SDV.NEU.SC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Cognitive Sciences, Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental, Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase, Xenopus Proteins, lcsh:RC346-429, Retina, Amacrine cells, Xenopus laevis, nervous system, Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors, retina, amacrine cells, subtype specification, Prdm13, Ptf1a, Animals, sense organs, lcsh:Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system, Sciences exactes et naturelles, Research Article
Abstract: Background: Amacrine interneurons that modulate synaptic plasticity between bipolar and ganglion cells constitute the most diverse cell type in the retina. Most are inhibitory neurons using either GABA or glycine as neurotransmitters. Although several transcription factors involved in amacrine cell fate determination have been identified, mechanisms underlying amacrine cell subtype specification remain to be further understood. The Prdm13 histone methyltransferase encoding gene is a target of the transcription factor Ptf1a, an essential regulator of inhibitory neuron cell fate in the retina. Here, we have deepened our knowledge on its interaction with Ptf1a and investigated its role in amacrine cell subtype determination in the developing Xenopus retina. Methods: We performed prdm13 gain and loss of function in Xenopus and assessed the impact on retinal cell fate determination using RT-qPCR, in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. Results: We found that prdm13 in the amphibian Xenopus is expressed in late retinal progenitors and in about half of the mature amacrine cells, predominantly in glycinergic ones. Clonal analysis in the retina reveals that prdm13 overexpression favours amacrine cell fate determination, with a bias towards glycinergic cells. Conversely, knockdown of prdm13 specifically inhibits glycinergic amacrine cell genesis. We also showed that, as in the neural tube, prdm13 is subjected to a negative autoregulation in the retina. Our data suggest that this is likely due to its ability to repress the expression of its inducer, ptf1a. Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that Prdm13, downstream of Ptf1a, acts as an important regulator of glycinergic amacrine subtype specification in the Xenopus retina. We also reveal that Prdm13 regulates ptf1a expression through a negative feedback loop., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published
Published: 2017

5. Impact of myeloperoxidase-LDL interactions on enzyme activity and subsequent posttranslational oxidative modifications of apoB-100

Author: Marie-Christine Slomianny, Michel Vanhaeverbeek, Florence Reye, Vincent Nuyens, Jean Nève, Alexandre Rousseau, Pierre Raynal, Jean Ducobu, Pierre Van Antwerpen, Jean-Marc Desmet, Damien Dufour, Chintan N. Koyani, Caroline Noyon, Cédric Delporte, Ernst Malle, Karim Zouaoui Boudjeltia, Philippe Madhoun, Luc Vanhamme, Paul G. Furtmüller, Jean-Claude Michalski, Christian Obinger, CNRS, Université de Lille, Faculté de Pharmacie [Bruxelles] [ULB], Faculté de Médecine [Bruxelles] [ULB], Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle - UMR 8576 [UGSF], Medical University Graz, Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle UMR 8576 [UGSF], Faculté des Sciences [Bruxelles] [ULB], Faculté de Pharmacie [Bruxelles] (ULB), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Faculté de Médecine [Bruxelles] (ULB), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle UMR 8576 (UGSF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Faculté des Sciences [Bruxelles] (ULB), Universität für Bodenkultur Wien = University of Natural Resources and Life [Vienne, Autriche] (BOKU), and Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Apolipoprotein B, Hypochlorous acid, Molecular Sequence Data, QD415-436, Oxidative phosphorylation, Biochemistry, chemistry.chemical_compound, Endocrinology, Renal Dialysis, In vivo, Humans, Amino Acid Sequence, [SDV.BBM.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Biochemistry [q-bio.BM], Research Articles, Peroxidase, 3-Chlorotyrosine, Inflammation, biology, Hydrolysis, Hydrogen Peroxide, Cell Biology, Peptide Fragments, In vitro, 3-chlorotyrosine, Lipoproteins, LDL, epitope mapping, chemistry, Case-Control Studies, Low-density lipoprotein, Myeloperoxidase, Apolipoprotein B-100, biology.protein, hypochlorous acid, myeloperoxidase activity, Kidney Diseases, low density lipoprotein, Oxidation-Reduction, Protein Processing, Post-Translational, lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins)
Abstract: Oxidation of LDL by the myeloperoxidase (MPO)-H2O2-chloride system is a key event in the development of atherosclerosis. The present study aimed at investigating the interaction of MPO with native and modified LDL and at revealing posttranslational modifications on apoB-100 (the unique apolipoprotein of LDL) in vitro and in vivo. Using amperometry, we demonstrate that MPO activity increases up to 90% when it is adsorbed at the surface of LDL. This phenomenon is apparently reflected by local structural changes in MPO observed by circular dichroism. Using MS, we further analyzed in vitro modifications of apoB-100 by hypochlorous acid (HOCl) generated by the MPO-H2O2-chloride system or added as a reagent. A total of 97 peptides containing modified residues could be identified. Furthermore, differences were observed between LDL oxidized by reagent HOCl or HOCl generated by the MPO-H2O2-chloride system. Finally, LDL was isolated from patients with high cardiovascular risk to confirm that our in vitro findings are also relevant in vivo. We show that several HOCl-mediated modifications of apoB-100 identified in vitro were also present on LDL isolated from patients who have increased levels of plasma MPO and MPO-modified LDL. In conclusion, these data emphasize the specificity of MPO to oxidize LDL. 55;4
Published: 2014

6. JRJC 2022 - Journées de Rencontres Jeunes Chercheurs. Book of Proceedings

Author: Guy, Elsa, van Uffelen, Marie, Loizeau, Johan, Koechler, Jordan, Syx, Antoine, Alléné, Christopher, Albouy, Guillaume, Blancon, Benjamin, Choi, Jieun, Greenberg, Christopher, Haeberle, Raphael, Lacroix, Leander, Pierra, Gregoire, Tan, Ting, Abou Yassine, Rayane, Herrmann, Sarah, Pihan, Gregoire, Schotter, Romain, Shatat, Afnan, Trofimov, Daniil, Doudard, Alexis, Gesson, Levana, Cai, Dingbang, Bouillaud, Thomas, Abushawish, Mojahed, Molla, Yohannes, Chamseddine, Mohamad, Volle, Felicia, Khreich, Gaelle, Benane, Gaya, Goudelis, Andreas, Duerinck, Pierre-Yves, Linares Fernandez, Jose Pablo, Masbou, Julien, Cadamuro, Luca, Taillepied, Guillaume, Agapopoulou, Christina, Girard-Alcindor, Valerian, Davignon, Olivier, Uras, Antonio, Strebler, Thomas, Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon (IP2I Lyon), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille (CPPM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de physique subatomique et des technologies associées (SUBATECH), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Nantes université - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (Nantes univ - UFR ST), Nantes Université - pôle Sciences et technologie, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université - pôle Sciences et technologie, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ), Laboratoire de Physique Théorique et Hautes Energies (LPTHE), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE (UMR_7585)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique des 2 Infinis Irène Joliot-Curie (IJCLab), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), APC - Cosmologie, AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Grand Accélérateur National d'Ions Lourds (GANIL), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung (GSI), Laboratoire de Physique de Clermont (LPC), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Département de Physique [Bruxelles] (ULB), Faculté des Sciences [Bruxelles] (ULB), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)-Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet (LLR), and Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [PHYS]Physics [physics], [PHYS.NUCL]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Theory [nucl-th], [PHYS.HTHE]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Theory [hep-th], [PHYS.HPHE]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Phenomenology [hep-ph], [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract: Journées de Rencontres Jeunes Chercheurs (JRJC2022). 23-29 octobre 2022, Saint Jean de Monts (France). https://indico.in2p3.fr/event/27564/
Published: 2023

7. Pediatric pulmonary arterial hypertension due to a novel homozygous GDF2 missense variant affecting BMP9 processing and activity

Author: Chomette, L., Hupkens, E., Romitti, M., Dewachter, L., Vachiéry, J., Bailly, S., Costagliola, S., Smits, G., Tillet, E., Bondue, Antoine, Hôpital Erasme [Bruxelles] (ULB), Faculté de Médecine [Bruxelles] (ULB), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)-Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et moléculaire = Insitute of Interdisciplinary Research [Bruxelles, Belgique] (IRIBHM), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Famille BMP dans l'angiogenèse et la lymphangiogenèse (BAL), BioSanté (UMR BioSanté), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Faculté des Sciences [Bruxelles] (ULB), Foundation Cardiac Pathology Brussels, FNRS J.0011.19F, Fonds Erasme pour la recherche Médicale, Association Médicale Rendu-Osler (AMRO), Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux EnergiesAlternatives, Communauté Université GrenobleAlpes, Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale[Grant/Award Number: EQU202003010188], InstitutNational de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, ANR-17-CE14-0006,B9inPAH,BMP9 un modulateur clef du tonus vasculaire dans l'hypertension artérielle pulmonaire : une nouvelle cible thérapeutique à haut potentiel(2017), ANR-17-EURE-0003,CBH-EUR-GS,CBH-EUR-GS(2017), and ANR-20-CE14-0002,SMAD4pathY,Quels sont les mécanismes pathogéniques associés aux anomalies cardiovasculaires dans les SMAD4pathies ?(2020)
Subjects: [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2023

8. Numerical analysis of an incompressible soft material poromechanics model using T-coercivity

Author: Barré, Mathieu, Grandmont, Céline, Moireau, Philippe, Laboratoire de mécanique des solides (LMS), École polytechnique (X)-Mines Paris - PSL (École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Mathematical and Mechanical Modeling with Data Interaction in Simulations for Medicine (M3DISIM), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Mines Paris - PSL (École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Inria Saclay - Ile de France, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), Laboratoire Jacques-Louis Lions (LJLL (UMR_7598)), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), COmputational Mathematics for bio-MEDIcal Applications (COMMEDIA), Inria de Paris, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire Jacques-Louis Lions (LJLL (UMR_7598)), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Département de Mathématique [Bruxelles] (ULB), Faculté des Sciences [Bruxelles] (ULB), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)-Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), and Sorbonne Université (SU)
Subjects: inf-sup stability, [PHYS.MECA.MEMA]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Mechanics of materials [physics.class-ph], mixture theory, energy preserving scheme, total discretization, [MATH.MATH-NA]Mathematics [math]/Numerical Analysis [math.NA], incompressible limit
Abstract: This article is devoted to the numerical analysis of the full discretization of a generalized poromechanical model resulting from the linearization of an initial model fitted to soft tissue perfusion. Our strategy here is based on the use of energy-based estimates and T-coercivity methods, so that the numerical analysis benefits from the essential tools used in the existence analysis of the continuous-time and continuous-space formulation. In particular, our T-coercivity strategy allows us to obtain the necessary inf-sup condition for the global system from the inf-sup condition restricted to a subsystem having the same structure as the Stokes problem. This allows us to prove that any finite element pair adapted to the Stokes problem is also suitable for this global poromechanical model regardless of porosity and permeability, generalizing previous results from the literature studying this model.
Published: 2023

9. Prdm12 specifies V1 interneurons through cross-repressive interactions with Dbx1 and Nkx6 genes in Xenopus

Author: Kristine A. Henningfeld, Eric Bellefroid, Katharine E. Lewis, Carine Van Lint, Ian K. Quigley, Maike Sander, Aurore Thelie, Chris Kintner, François Lahaye, Jane E. Johnson, Gustavo Cerda-Moya, Anthony Rodari, Jesús Ordoño Fernandez, Mark D. Borromeo, Barbara Bolle, Simon Desiderio, Benoît Van Driessche, Claude Van Campenhout, Julie Hanotel, Tomas Pieler, Michael Schubert, Jenifer C. Croce, Alessandra Pierani, Sadia Kricha, Laboratory of Developmental Genetics, Institut de Biologie et de Médecine Moléculaires [Gosselies] (ULB/IBMM), Faculté des Sciences [Bruxelles] (ULB), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)-Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)-Faculté de Médecine [Bruxelles] (ULB), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)-Faculté des Sciences [Bruxelles] (ULB), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)-ULB Neuroscience Institute, Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)-Institut de Biologie et de Médecine Moléculaires, Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center [Dallas], Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement de Villefranche sur mer (LBDV), Observatoire océanologique de Villefranche-sur-mer (OOVM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Physiology Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Department of Biology, Syracuse University, Departments of Pediatrics and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Pediatric Diabetes Research Center-University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of California-University of California, Institut Jacques Monod (IJM (UMR_7592)), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Developmental Biochemistry, Georg-August-University [Göttingen]-Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), Belgian Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique (FNRS) [FRC 3.4635.06], French Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR) [11-JSV2-002-01), Medical Research Council (MRC) [G0600877 and G0801283], National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIH/NIDDK), Physiologie de la reproduction et des comportements [Nouzilly] (PRC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Tours-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université Libre de Bruxelles [Bruxelles] (ULB)-Institute of Molecular Biology and Medecine (IBMM)-ULB Neuroscience Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles [Bruxelles] (ULB), Université Libre de Bruxelles [Bruxelles] (ULB)-Institut de Biologie et de Médecine Moléculaires, Institute for Molecular Biology and Medicine (IBMM), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de la Mer de Villefranche (IMEV), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of California-University of California-Pediatric Diabetes Research Center, Research Center of Molecular Physiology of the Brain (DFG), University of Goettingen, Service de Virologie Moléculaire, IBMM, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Laboratoire d'Embryologie Moléculaire (ULB-IBMM), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC)-Pediatric Diabetes Research Center, Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB)-Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)-Institut de Biologie et de Médecine Moléculaires [Gosselies] (ULB/IBMM), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)-Faculté de Médecine [Bruxelles] (ULB), and Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)
Subjects: Renshaw Cells, Chromatin Immunoprecipitation, DNA, Complementary, animal structures, Interneuron, Xenopus, Neurogenesis, Molecular Sequence Data, Nerve Tissue Proteins, Hindbrain, Chick Embryo, Cell fate determination, Prdm, Mice, Species Specificity, Morphogenesis, medicine, Animals, Molecular Biology, [SDV.BDD]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Development Biology, In Situ Hybridization, Research Articles, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, DNA Primers, Homeodomain Proteins, Cephalochordate, Genetics, Spinal cord, Base Sequence, biology, Renshaw cell, Sequence Analysis, RNA, Neural tube, Computational Biology, Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental, biology.organism_classification, Immunohistochemistry, Cell biology, Rhombencephalon, medicine.anatomical_structure, [SDV.BDD.EO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Development Biology/Embryology and Organogenesis, DBX1, PAX6, Transcription factor, Carrier Proteins, Developmental Biology
Abstract: International audience; V1 interneurons are inhibitory neurons that play an essential role in vertebrate locomotion. The molecular mechanisms underlying their genesis remain, however, largely undefined. Here, we show that the transcription factor Prdm12 is selectively expressed in p1 progenitors of the hindbrain and spinal cord in the frog embryo, and that a similar restricted expression profile is observed in the nerve cord of other vertebrates as well as of the cephalochordate amphioxus. Using frog, chick and mice, we analyzed the regulation of Prdm12 and found that its expression in the caudal neural tube is dependent on retinoic acid and Pax6, and that it is restricted to p1 progenitors, due to the repressive action of Dbx1 and Nkx6-1/2 expressed in the adjacent p0 and p2 domains. Functional studies in the frog, including genome-wide identification of its targets by RNA-seq and ChIP-Seq, reveal that vertebrate Prdm12 proteins act as a general determinant of V1 cell fate, at least in part, by directly repressing Dbx1 and Nkx6 genes. This probably occurs by recruiting the methyltransferase G9a, an activity that is not displayed by the amphioxus Prdm12 protein. Together, these findings indicate that Prdm12 promotes V1 interneurons through cross-repressive interactions with Dbx1 and Nkx6 genes, and suggest that this function might have only been acquired after the split of the vertebrate and cephalochordate lineages.
Published: 2015

10. Multivariate Expectiles, Expectile Depth and Multiple-Output Expectile Regression

Author: Daouia, Abdelaati, Paindaveine, Davy, Daouia, Abdelaati, Régression extrême avec applications à l'économétrie, l'environnement et à la finance - - ExtremReg2019 - ANR-19-CE40-0013 - AAPG2019 - VALID, Groupe de recherche en économie mathématique et quantitative (GREMAQ), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département de Mathématique [Bruxelles] (ULB), Faculté des Sciences [Bruxelles] (ULB), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)-Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), ANR, and ANR-19-CE40-0013,ExtremReg,Régression extrême avec applications à l'économétrie, l'environnement et à la finance(2019)
Subjects: Centrality regions, Multivariate expectiles, [STAT.ME] Statistics [stat]/Methodology [stat.ME], [STAT.TH] Statistics [stat]/Statistics Theory [stat.TH], [STAT.TH]Statistics [stat]/Statistics Theory [stat.TH], Statistical depth, [STAT.ME]Statistics [stat]/Methodology [stat.ME], B- ECONOMIE ET FINANCE, Multiple-output regression
Abstract: Despite the importance of expectiles in fields such as econometrics, risk management, and extreme value theory, expectile regression—or, more generally, M-quantile regression—unfortunately remains limited to single-output problems. To improve on this, we define hyperplane-valued multivariate M-quantiles that show strong advantages over their point-valued competitors. Our M-quantiles are directional in nature and provide centrality regions when all directions are considered. These regions define new statistical depths, the halfspace M-depths, that include the celebrated Tukey depth as a particular case. We study thoroughly the proposed M-quantiles, halfspace M-depths, and corresponding regions. M-depths not only provide a general framework to consider Tukey depth, expectile depth, Lr-depths, etc., but are also of interest on their own. However, since our original motivation was to consider multiple-output expectile regression, we pay more attention to the expectile case and show that expectile depth and multivariate expectiles enjoy distinctive properties that will be of primary interest to practitioners: expectile depth is maximized at the mean vector, is smoother than the Tukey depth, and exhibits surprising monotonicity properties that are key for computational purposes. Finally, our multivariate expectiles allow defining multiple-output expectile regression methods, that, in riskoriented applications in particular, are preferable to their analogs based on standard quantiles.
Published: 2023

11. Numerical approximation of the Poisson problem with small holes, using augmented finite elements and defective boundary conditions

Author: Boulakia, Muriel, Grandmont, Céline, Lespagnol, Fabien, Zunino, Paolo, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Sorbonne Université (SU), Laboratoire Jacques-Louis Lions (LJLL (UMR_7598)), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), COmputational Mathematics for bio-MEDIcal Applications (COMMEDIA), Inria de Paris, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire Jacques-Louis Lions (LJLL (UMR_7598)), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Département de Mathématique [Bruxelles] (ULB), Faculté des Sciences [Bruxelles] (ULB), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)-Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Laboratorio di Modellistica e Calcolo Scientifico MOX (Dipartimento di Matematica 'Francesco Brioschi'), Politecnico di Milano [Milan] (POLIMI), and Fabien Lespagnol is supported by the project A new computational approach for the fluid-structure in-teraction of slender bodies immersed in three-dimensional flows granted by the Università Italo-Francese, in the framework Vinci 2019.
Subjects: [MATH.MATH-AP]Mathematics [math]/Analysis of PDEs [math.AP], [MATH]Mathematics [math], [MATH.MATH-NA]Mathematics [math]/Numerical Analysis [math.NA]
Abstract: We consider the Poisson problem in a domain with small holes, as a template for developing efficient and accurate numerical approximation schemes for partial differential equations defined on domains with low-dimensional inclusions, such as embedded fibers. We propose a reduced model based on the projection of Dirichlet boundary constraints on a finite dimensional approximation space, obtaining in this way a Poisson problem with defective interface conditions. We analyze the existence of the solution of the reduced problem and for arbitrarily small holes we prove its convergence towards the original problem, the rate of which depends on the size of the inclusion and on the number of modes of the finite dimensional space. The numerical discretization of the reduced problem is addressed by the finite element method, using a computational mesh that does not fit to the holes in the framework of a fictitious domain approach. We propose a stable, optimally convergent and robust formulation with respect to the hole size that exploits an augmented Galerkin formulation based on the addition of suitable non-polynomial functions to the finite element approximation space. The properties of the discretization method are supported by numerical experiments.
Published: 2023

12. Un espace de formation francophone des enseignants, dédié à l’apprentissage de l’informatique, dans le secondaire

Author: Comte, Marie-Hélène, Djeballah, Sherazage, Fourny, Maxime, Hoarau, Sébastien, Juton, Anthony, Khaneboubi, Mehdi, Lagarrigue, Aurelie, Massart, Thierry, Poulmaire, Charles, Prince, Violaine, Renouf, Stéphane, Viéville, Thierry, Vincent, Jean-Marc, Viéville, Thierry, Inria Learning Lab (ILL), Direction de la Culture et de l’Information Scientifiques (DCIS), Inria Siège, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Inria Siège, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), Académie de Besançon, Université de La Réunion (UR), Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay (ENS Paris Saclay), CY Cergy Paris Université (CY), Département d'Informatique [Bruxelles] (ULB), Faculté des Sciences [Bruxelles] (ULB), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)-Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Académie de Versailles, Exploration et exploitation de données textuelles (TEXTE), Laboratoire d'Informatique de Robotique et de Microélectronique de Montpellier (LIRMM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Lycée Beaussier [La Seyne-sur-Mer], Ministère de l'Éducation nationale, Mnemonic Synergy (Mnemosyne), Laboratoire Bordelais de Recherche en Informatique (LaBRI), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Électronique, Informatique et Radiocommunications de Bordeaux (ENSEIRB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Électronique, Informatique et Radiocommunications de Bordeaux (ENSEIRB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Inria Bordeaux - Sud-Ouest, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives [Bordeaux] (IMN), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Innovation et Numérique pour l'Education (LINE), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Performance analysis and optimization of LARge Infrastructures and Systems (POLARIS), Inria Grenoble - Rhône-Alpes, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire d'Informatique de Grenoble (LIG), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Institut de Recherche sur l’Enseignement des Mathématiques [Grenoble] (IREM), and Inria
Subjects: Communauté d’Apprentissage, [INFO.INFO-OH] Computer Science [cs]/Other [cs.OH], Learning Community, Computer Education, [SHS.EDU]Humanities and Social Sciences/Education, Community of Practice, Communauté de Pratiques, [INFO.INFO-OH]Computer Science [cs]/Other [cs.OH], [SHS.EDU] Humanities and Social Sciences/Education, Enseignement de l’informatique, Apprentissage de l’informatique, Computer Learning
Abstract: The introduction of computer science education in high school will allow the nextgenerations to master and participate in the development of digital technology. The main issue is therefore the training of teachers. We are helping to meet this challenge by forming a community of learning and practice with the welcome and support of hundreds of colleagues in activity or in training and by offering two online training courses, one regarding the fundamentals of computer science, with resources for initiation and improvement the other to learn to teach by doing, byco-preparing the educational activities of the courses to come, by sharing didactic practices and by taking a pedagogical step back, including from the point of view of the pedagogy of equality, supplemented by hybrid initiatives. We will share here the approach and the analysis from the point of view of educational sciences of the first results obtained. In terms of research, what we arepresenting here falls within the framework of what is called “research within action”., L’introduction de l’enseignement de l’informatique au lycée va permettre aux prochaines générations de maîtriser et participer au développement du numérique. Le principal enjeu est alors la formation des enseignantes et des enseignants. Nous aidons à relever ce défi en faisant communauté d’apprentissage et de pratique avec l’accueil et l’entraide de centaines de collègues en activité ou en formation et en offrant deux formations en ligne, l’une aux fondamentaux de l’informatique, avec des ressources d’initiation et de perfectionnement l’autre pour apprendre à enseigner par la pratique,en co-préparant les activités pédagogiques des cours à venir, en partageant des pratiques didactiques et en prenant un recul pédagogique, y compris du point de vue de la pédagogie de l’égalité, ceci complété d’initiatives hybrides. Nous enpartagerons ici la démarche et l’analyse du point de vue des sciences de l’éducation des premiers résultats obtenus. En matière de recherche, ce que nous présentons ici rentre dans le cadre de ce qui est appelé “recherche action”.
Published: 2023

13. A comparison of node‐based and arc‐based hop‐indexed formulations for the Steiner tree problem with hop constraints

Author: Bernard Fortz, Luis Gouveia, Pedro Moura, Département d'Informatique [Bruxelles] (ULB), Faculté des Sciences [Bruxelles] (ULB), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)-Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Integrated Optimization with Complex Structure (INOCS), Inria Lille - Nord Europe, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)-Centre de Recherche en Informatique, Signal et Automatique de Lille - UMR 9189 (CRIStAL), Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Universidade de Lisboa
Subjects: Computer Networks and Communications, Hardware and Architecture, network design, linear programming relaxation, [INFO.INFO-RO]Computer Science [cs]/Operations Research [cs.RO], hop-indexed model, hop constraint, integer programming, Steiner tree, Software, Information Systems
Abstract: International audience; We study the relation between the linear programming relaxation of two classes of models for the Steiner tree problem with hop constraints. One class is characterized by having hop-indexed arc variables. Although such models have proved to have a very strong linear programming bound, they are not easy to use because of the huge number of variables. This has motivated some studies with models involving fewer variables that use, instead of the hop-indexed arc variables, hop-indexed node variables. In this paper we contextualize the linear programming relaxation of these node-based models in terms of the linear programming relaxation of known arc-based models. We show that the linear programming relaxation of a general node-based model is implied by the linear programming relaxation of a straightforward arc-based model.
Published: 2021

14. A Higher Lignin Content in ugt72b37 Poplar Mutants Indicates a Role of Monolignol Glycosylation in Xylem Lignification

Author: Hadjara Amadou Hassane, Marc Behr, Claire Guérin, Richard Sibout, Adeline Mol, Moussa Baragé, Mondher El Jaziri, Marie Baucher, Faculté des Sciences [Bruxelles] (ULB), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Université Abdou Moumouni [Niamey], Génétique Diversité et Ecophysiologie des Céréales (GDEC), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Unité de recherche sur les Biopolymères, Interactions Assemblages (BIA), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire de Biotechnologie Végétale, the Belgian Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique (FRS-FNRS) research projects T.0068.18 and T.0010.2, and Académie de Recherche et d’Enseignement Supérieur, Belgium (ARES).
Subjects: [SDV.GEN.GPL]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Plants genetics, poplar, UGT72, lignin content, monolignol, xylem, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Forestry
Abstract: International audience; Plant UDP-glycosyltransferases (UGT) transfer sugars to small acceptor molecules and thereby play key roles in the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, including phenylpropanoids. Some of those metabolites are involved in the xylem lignification of a broad range of terrestrial plants, particularly trees. Here, we focused on poplar UGT72B37, coding for an enzyme glycosylating monolignols by investigating CRISPR/Cas9 mutant lines. The cell wall characterization revealed a 10% lignin content increase in the xylem of three-month-old mutant lines compared to the wild type. No ectopic lignification was evidenced in the pith of the stems of the mutants, suggesting that the increased lignin deposition is restricted to lignified cell walls. The analysis of the expression level of lignin biosynthesis and polymerization genes did not show significant changes between the WT and the ugt72b37 mutants, except for CINNAMOYL-COA REDUCTASE 2 which was significantly upregulated by 1.2–1.5-fold. Noticeably, UGT72B38, the closest related gene to UGT72B37, is upregulated in mutant lines, suggesting a functional compensation between UGT72B37 and UGT72B38 possibly linked with lignin biosynthesis and accumulation in poplar. Overall, these results reinforce a plausible role of monolignol glycosylation in the cell wall lignification process.
Published: 2022
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15. Location and Strategies in Stackelberg Security Games with Risk Aversion

Author: Chicoisne, Renaud, Ordóñez, Fernando, Castro, Daniel, Département d'Informatique [Bruxelles] (ULB), Faculté des Sciences [Bruxelles] (ULB), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)-Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Laboratoire d'Informatique, de Modélisation et d'Optimisation des Systèmes (LIMOS), Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de St Etienne (ENSM ST-ETIENNE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Institut national polytechnique Clermont Auvergne (INP Clermont Auvergne), Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Institut Supérieur d'Informatique, de Modélisation et de leurs Applications (ISIMA), Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020]), Universidad de Chile = University of Chile [Santiago] (UCHILE), Accenture, and Chicoisne, Renaud
Subjects: Quantal Response, [INFO.INFO-RO] Computer Science [cs]/Operations Research [cs.RO], Convex Optimization, Risk aversion, [MATH.MATH-OC] Mathematics [math]/Optimization and Control [math.OC], [INFO.INFO-RO]Computer Science [cs]/Operations Research [cs.RO], [INFO.INFO-DM]Computer Science [cs]/Discrete Mathematics [cs.DM], [INFO.INFO-MO]Computer Science [cs]/Modeling and Simulation, Mixed-Integer Programming, [MATH.MATH-CO] Mathematics [math]/Combinatorics [math.CO], Stackelberg Security Games, [INFO.INFO-DM] Computer Science [cs]/Discrete Mathematics [cs.DM], [MATH.MATH-CO]Mathematics [math]/Combinatorics [math.CO], [INFO.INFO-MO] Computer Science [cs]/Modeling and Simulation, [MATH.MATH-OC]Mathematics [math]/Optimization and Control [math.OC]
Abstract: In Stackelberg security games, a leader locates security resources to protect a set of targets from strategic adversaries that aim to attack these targets after observing the leader's strategy. In this setting, the leader decision problem is to optimize an uncertain reward that can take a discrete set of values with a probability distribution that depends on the decision variable. We show how diverse risk aversion models of the leader decision problem can be formulated as tractable optimization problems, such as imposing: a bound on the expected disutility, chance constraints, bounded distortion risk, first and second order stochastic dominance constraints, or optimizing a value-at-risk and conditional value-at-risk. We detail the resulting optimization problems and present computational results that show how the solution changes in two specific settings: 1) an entropic risk measure or value-at-risk minimization with a quantal response follower and 2) a prospect theory model with optimal follower response.
Published: 2022

16. Ratiometric Fluorescent Safranin-O Staining Allows the Quantification of Lignin Contents In Muro

Author: Oriane Morel, Corentin Spriet, Cédric Lion, Fabien Baldacci-Cresp, Garance Pontier, Marie Baucher, Christophe Biot, Simon Hawkins, Godfrey Neutelings, Université de Lille, CNRS, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien = University of Natural Resources and Life [Vienne, Autriche] [BOKU], Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle - UMR 8576 [UGSF], Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle (UGSF) - UMR 8576, Plateformes Lilloises en Biologie et Santé - UAR 2014 - US 41 [PLBS], and Faculté des Sciences [Bruxelles] [ULB]
Subjects: Lignin quantification, Safranin-O, Cell wall, Segmentation, Confocal microscopy
Abstract: In some specific vascular plant tissues, lignin can impregnate the entire cell wall to make it more rigid and hydrophobic. Different techniques have been developed in the past years to make possible the quantification of this polyphenolic polymer at the organ or tissue level, but difficulties of access to the cellular level remain. Here we describe an approach based on ratiometric emission measurements using safranin-O and the development of a macro adapted for the FIJI software, which makes it possible to quantify lignin in three different layers of the cell wall on images captured on a fluorescent confocal microscope.
Published: 2022

17. Transaction fees optimization in the Ethereum blockchain

Author: Arnaud Laurent, Luce Brotcorne, Bernard Fortz, Integrated Optimization with Complex Structure (INOCS), Inria Lille - Nord Europe, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)-Centre de Recherche en Informatique, Signal et Automatique de Lille - UMR 9189 (CRIStAL), Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département d'Informatique [Bruxelles] (ULB), Faculté des Sciences [Bruxelles] (ULB), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)-Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), and Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)
Subjects: Optimization, Ethereum, Blockchain, General Engineering, Gasprice, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, [INFO.INFO-RO]Computer Science [cs]/Operations Research [cs.RO], Monte-Carlo, Ether, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Pricing, General Environmental Science
Abstract: International audience; In blockchains, transaction fees are fixed by the users. The probability for a transaction to be processed quickly increases with the fee level. In this paper, we study the transaction fee optimization problem in the Ethereum blockchain. This problem consists of determining the minimum price a user should pay so that its transaction is processed with a given probability in a given amount of time. To reach this goal, we define a new solution method based on a Monte Carlo approach to predict the probability that a transaction will be mined within a given time limit. Numerical results on real data highlight the quality of the results.
Published: 2022

18. A scaling proof for Walsh's Brownian motion extended arc-sine law

Author: Stavros Vakeroudis, Marc Yor, Probability and Actuarial Sciences group, Département de Mathématique [Bruxelles] (ULB), Faculté des Sciences [Bruxelles] (ULB), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)-Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)-Faculté des Sciences [Bruxelles] (ULB), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)-Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Laboratoire de Probabilités et Modèles Aléatoires (LPMA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)
Subjects: Statistics and Probability, Brownian spider, 01 natural sciences, Skew Bessel process, Arc-sine law, 010104 statistics & probability, Mathematics::Probability, Stable variables, FOS: Mathematics, 60J65, 60J60, 60J70, 60G52, 0101 mathematics, Martingale representation theorem, Mathematics, Subordinators, Geometric Brownian motion, Fractional Brownian motion, Walsh Brownian motion, Probability (math.PR), 010102 general mathematics, Mathematical analysis, Brownian excursion, Heavy traffic approximation, [MATH.MATH-PR]Mathematics [math]/Probability [math.PR], Scaling limit, Reflected Brownian motion, Diffusion process, Law, Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty, Mathematics - Probability
Abstract: We present a new proof of the extended arc-sine law related to Walsh's Brownian motion, known also as Brownian spider. The main argument mimics the scaling property used previously, in particular by D. Williams, in the 1- dimensional Brownian case, which can be generalized to the multivariate case. A discussion concerning the time spent positive by a skew Bessel process is also presented.
Published: 2012

19. Approximate Normal Forms via Floquet–Bloch Theory: Nehorošev Stability for Linear Waves in Quasiperiodic Media

Author: Christopher Shirley, Antoine Gloria, Mitia Duerinckx, Laboratoire de Mathématiques d'Orsay (LMO), Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Laboratoire Jacques-Louis Lions (LJLL (UMR_7598)), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), Département de Mathématique [Bruxelles] (ULB), Faculté des Sciences [Bruxelles] (ULB), and Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)-Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)
Subjects: Floquet theory, FOS: Physical sciences, Lambda, 01 natural sciences, Stability (probability), Mathematics - Spectral Theory, Mathematics - Analysis of PDEs, [MATH.MATH-MP]Mathematics [math]/Mathematical Physics [math-ph], 0103 physical sciences, FOS: Mathematics, [MATH.MATH-AP]Mathematics [math]/Analysis of PDEs [math.AP], Ergodic theory, [MATH]Mathematics [math], 0101 mathematics, Nonlinear Sciences::Pattern Formation and Solitons, Spectral Theory (math.SP), Mathematical Physics, Physique théorique et mathématique, Mathematical physics, Physics, Operator (physics), 010102 general mathematics, Statistical and Nonlinear Physics, Mathematical Physics (math-ph), 16. Peace & justice, Exponential function, Mathématiques, Flow (mathematics), Quasiperiodic function, 010307 mathematical physics, Analyse mathématique, Analysis of PDEs (math.AP), [MATH.MATH-SP]Mathematics [math]/Spectral Theory [math.SP]
Abstract: We study the long-time behavior of the Schrodinger flow in a heterogeneous potential $$\lambda V$$ with small intensity $$00$$ . More precisely, the approximate normal form leads to an accurate long-time description of the Schrodinger flow as an effective unitary correction of the free flow. The approach is robust and generically applies to linear waves. For classical waves, for instance, this allows to extend diffractive geometric optics to quasiperiodically perturbed media.
Published: 2021

20. Dynamics of Charged Events

Author: Marc Henneaux, Constantin Bachas, Claudio Bunster, Laboratoire de Physique Théorique de l'ENS (LPTENS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Physique Théorique et Mathématique [Bruxelles] (ULB 150), Département de Physique [Bruxelles] (ULB), Faculté des Sciences [Bruxelles] (ULB), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)-Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)-Faculté des Sciences [Bruxelles] (ULB), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)-Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Laboratoire de Physique Théorique de l'ENS [École Normale Supérieure] (LPTENS), Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Physique Théorique et Mathématique, and Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)
Subjects: Josephson effect, High Energy Physics - Theory, Duality, Magnetic monopole, FOS: Physical sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, 01 natural sciences, Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con), Quantization (physics), Theoretical physics, High Energy Physics::Theory, Quantum mechanics, Condensed Matter::Superconductivity, Josephson junction, 0103 physical sciences, Brane cosmology, D-brane, 010306 general physics, Physics, Spacetime, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, [PHYS.HTHE]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Theory [hep-th], Space time, Condensed Matter - Superconductivity, Observable, High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th), D-branes
Abstract: In three spacetime dimensions the worldvolume of a magnetic source is a single point, an event. We make the event dynamical by regarding it as the imprint of a flux-carrying particle impinging from an extra dimension. This can be generalized to higher spacetime dimensions and to extended events. We exhibit universal observable consequences of the existence of events and argue that events are as important as particles or branes. We explain how events arise on the worldvolume of membranes in M theory, and in a Josephson junction in superconductivity., 4 pages, no figures
Published: 2009

21. atonal- and achaete-scute-related genes in the annelid Platynereis dumerilii: insights into the evolution of neural basic-Helix-Loop-Helix genes

Author: Valérie Ledent, Elena Simionato, Detlev Arendt, Michel Vervoort, Martine Le Gouar, Pierre Kerner, Nicolas Dray, Centre de génétique moléculaire (CGM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Bioinformatics Laboratory [Gosselies] (ULB/IBMM), Institut de Biologie et de Médecine Moléculaires [Gosselies] (ULB/IBMM), Faculté des Sciences [Bruxelles] (ULB), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)-Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)-Faculté de Médecine [Bruxelles] (ULB), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)-Faculté des Sciences [Bruxelles] (ULB), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), European Molecular Biology Laboratory [Heidelberg] (EMBL), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 - UFR Sciences du Vivant (UPD7 UFR Sciences du Vivant), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), This work was supported by grants from the Agence National de la Recherche and the Ministère Français de la Recherche, through its ACI 'Jeunes chercheurs'(MV). ES and ND hold fellowships from the Ministère Français de la Recherche and PK a 'Bourse pour Docteur-Ingénieur' from the CNRS. VL was financially supported by the Belgian Science Policy. We thank Guillaume Balavoine for support and the Imaging and Cell Biology facility of the IFR87 (FR-W2251) for expert support with confocal microscopy., We thank Genoscope (Evry) for producing the Platynereis ESTs sequences., Laboratoire de Bioinformatique - Belgian EMBnet Node [ULB, Gosselies] (BEN), Institut de Biologie et de Médecine Moléculaires (ULB, Gosselies) (IBMM), Université Libre de Bruxelles [Bruxelles] (ULB)-Université Libre de Bruxelles [Bruxelles] (ULB), and UFR Sciences du Vivant [Paris] (SDV)
Subjects: Nervous system, Juvenile Worm, Génétique du développement, Embryo, Nonmammalian, MESH: Nervous System/embryology, Nerve Tissue Proteins -- genetics, Nervous System, 0302 clinical medicine, Nervous System -- embryology, Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors, Drosophila Proteins, MESH: Drosophila Proteins/genetics, MESH: Animals, Neural cell, [SDV.BDD]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Development Biology, In Situ Hybridization, NeuroD, 0303 health sciences, Serotonergic Neuron, biology, [SDV.BA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology, Helix-Loop-Helix Motifs, MESH: Polychaeta/embryology, Vertebrate, Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental, Drosophila Proteins -- genetics, Proneural Gene, Phenotype, MESH: Polychaeta/genetics, Helix-Loop-Helix Motifs -- genetics, medicine.anatomical_structure, Drosophila -- genetics, Drosophila, Ventral Nerve Cord, Neural development, MESH: Drosophila/genetics, Platynereis, Research Article, Sciences exactes et naturelles, animal structures, Evolution, Zoology, Nerve Tissue Proteins, Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors -- genetics, Evolution des espèces, Evolution, Molecular, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: In Situ Hybridization, biology.animal, MESH: Evolution, Molecular, medicine, QH359-425, Animals, MESH: Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 030304 developmental biology, bHLH Gene, MESH: Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors/genetics, MESH: Embryo, Nonmammalian, Polychaeta, biology.organism_classification, MESH: Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics, Evolutionary biology, MESH: Helix-Loop-Helix Motifs/genetics, Polychaeta -- embryology -- genetics, Scute, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: Functional studies in model organisms, such as vertebrates and Drosophila, have shown that basic Helix-loop-Helix (bHLH) proteins have important roles in different steps of neurogenesis, from the acquisition of neural fate to the differentiation into specific neural cell types. However, these studies highlighted many differences in the expression and function of orthologous bHLH proteins during neural development between vertebrates and Drosophila. To understand how the functions of neural bHLH genes have evolved among bilaterians, we have performed a detailed study of bHLH genes during nervous system development in the polychaete annelid, Platynereis dumerilii, an organism which is evolutionary distant from both Drosophila and vertebrates., Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, info:eu-repo/semantics/published
Published: 2008

22. Deciding feasibility of a booking in the European gas market on a cycle is in P for the case of passive networks

Author: Johannes Thürauf, Fränk Plein, Martine Labbé, Martin Schmidt, Integrated Optimization with Complex Structure (INOCS), Inria Lille - Nord Europe, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)-Centre de Recherche en Informatique, Signal et Automatique de Lille - UMR 9189 (CRIStAL), Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département d'Informatique [Bruxelles] (ULB), Faculté des Sciences [Bruxelles] (ULB), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)-Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Trier University, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), and Martine Labbé has been partially supported by the Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique - FNRS under Grant no PDR T0098.18. Fränk Plein thanks the Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique - FNRS for his Aspirant fellowship supporting the research for this publication. He also thanks the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft for their support within the project Z01 in CRC TRR 154. This research has been performed as part of the Energie Campus Nürnberg and is supported by funding of the Bavarian State Government. The third and fourth author also thank the DFG for their support within projects A05, B07, and B08 in CRC TRR 154. Finally, we want to thank Lars Schewe for many fruitful discussions on the topic of this paper.
Subjects: [INFO.INFO-CC]Computer Science [cs]/Computational Complexity [cs.CC], Gas networks, Mathematical optimization, Computational complexity theory, Computer Networks and Communications, Computer science, Dimension (graph theory), 0211 other engineering and technologies, System of polynomial equations, Modèles mathématiques d'aide à la décision, 02 engineering and technology, Cycle, Optimisation de réseaux, Informatique mathématique, 0502 economics and business, Real algebraic geometry, Time complexity, European entry-exit market, 050210 logistics & transportation, computational complexity, 021103 operations research, cycle, 05 social sciences, [INFO.INFO-RO]Computer Science [cs]/Operations Research [cs.RO], Maximization, potential-based flows, Potential-based flows, Computational complexity, Nonlinear system, Bookings, Flow (mathematics), bookings, Hardware and Architecture, 90B10, 90C30, 90C35, 90C90, [MATH.MATH-OC]Mathematics [math]/Optimization and Control [math.OC], gas networks, Software, Information Systems
Abstract: We show that the feasibility of a booking in the European entry-exit gas market can be decided in polynomial time on single-cycle networks that are passive, i.e. do not contain controllable elements. The feasibility of a booking can be characterized by solving polynomially many nonlinear potential-based flow models for computing so-called potential-difference maximizing load flow scenarios. We thus analyze the structure of these models and exploit both the cyclic graph structure as well as specific properties of potential-based flows. This enables us to solve the decision variant of the nonlinear potential-difference maximization by reducing it to a system of polynomials of constant dimension that is independent of the cycle's size. This system of fixed dimension can be handled with tools from real algebraic geometry to derive a polynomial-time algorithm. The characterization in terms of potential-difference maximizing load flow scenarios then leads to a polynomial-time algorithm for deciding the feasibility of a booking. Our theoretical results extend the existing knowledge about the complexity of deciding the feasibility of bookings from trees to single-cycle networks., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published
Published: 2021

23. Alternating Tree Automata with Qualitative Semantics

Author: Sasha Rubin, Emmanuel Filiot, Aniello Murano, Sophie Pinchinat, Olivier Serre, Shibashis Guha, Bastien Maubert, Nathanaël Fijalkow, Laureline Pinault, Raphaël Berthon, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Laboratoire Bordelais de Recherche en Informatique (LaBRI), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Électronique, Informatique et Radiocommunications de Bordeaux (ENSEIRB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département d'Informatique [Bruxelles] (ULB), Faculté des Sciences [Bruxelles] (ULB), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)-Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Tata Institute of Fundamental Research [Bangalore], University of Naples Federico II = Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II, Université de Lyon, Université de Rennes (UR), Logic and applications (LOGICA), LANGAGE ET GÉNIE LOGICIEL (IRISA-D4), Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), The University of Sydney, Institut de Recherche en Informatique Fondamentale (IRIF (UMR_8243)), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Électronique, Informatique et Radiocommunications de Bordeaux (ENSEIRB), University of Naples Federico II, Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II, Preuves et Langages (PLUME), Laboratoire de l'Informatique du Parallélisme (LIP), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Berthon, R., Fijalkow, N., Filiot, E., Guha, S., Maubert, B., Murano, A., Pinault, L., Pinchinat, S., Rubin, S., Serre, O., École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL)
Subjects: FOS: Computer and information sciences, Computer Science - Logic in Computer Science, TheoryofComputation_COMPUTATIONBYABSTRACTDEVICES, General Computer Science, Formal Languages and Automata Theory (cs.FL), Logic, Computer science, Semantics (computer science), Computer Science - Formal Languages and Automata Theory, ω-regular conditions, 0102 computer and information sciences, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Tree automata, Theoretical Computer Science, Computer Science::Logic in Computer Science, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], Alternation (linguistics), Discrete mathematics, Binary tree, [INFO.INFO-LO]Computer Science [cs]/Logic in Computer Science [cs.LO], almost-sure semantic, Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO), Automaton, Decidability, Computational Mathematics, TheoryofComputation_MATHEMATICALLOGICANDFORMALLANGUAGES, Quantifier (logic), 010201 computation theory & mathematics, TheoryofComputation_LOGICSANDMEANINGSOFPROGRAMS, Emptiness, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, Tree (set theory), Computer Science::Formal Languages and Automata Theory
Abstract: We study alternating automata with qualitative semantics over infinite binary trees: Alternation means that two opposing players construct a decoration of the input tree called a run, and the qualitative semantics says that a run of the automaton is accepting if almost all branches of the run are accepting. In this article, we prove a positive and a negative result for the emptiness problem of alternating automata with qualitative semantics. The positive result is the decidability of the emptiness problem for the case of Büchi acceptance condition. An interesting aspect of our approach is that we do not extend the classical solution for solving the emptiness problem of alternating automata, which first constructs an equivalent non-deterministic automaton. Instead, we directly construct an emptiness game making use of imperfect information. The negative result is the undecidability of the emptiness problem for the case of co-Büchi acceptance condition. This result has two direct consequences: the undecidability of monadic second-order logic extended with the qualitative path-measure quantifier and the undecidability of the emptiness problem for alternating tree automata with non-zero semantics, a recently introduced probabilistic model of alternating tree automata.
Published: 2020

24. Un espace de formation francophone dédié à l'apprentissage de l'informatique

Author: Comte, Marie-Hélène, Fourny, Maxime, Geeraerts, Gilles, Goletti, Olivier, Hoarau, Sébastien, Juton, Anthony, Khaneboubi, Mehdi, Lagarrigue, Aurelie, Lelievre-Osswald, Tessa, Marangozova-Martin, Vania, Massart, Thierry, Poulmaire, Charles, Prince, Violaine, Roche, David, Viéville, Thierry, Vincent, Jean-Marc, Inria Learning Lab (ILL), Inria Siège, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), Académie de Besançon, Département d'Informatique [Bruxelles] (ULB), Faculté des Sciences [Bruxelles] (ULB), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)-Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), Université de La Réunion - Faculté des Sciences et Technologies (FST), Université de La Réunion (UR), École normale supérieure - Cachan (ENS Cachan), Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Faculté des lettres, langues et sciences humaines (UPEC LLSH), Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Académie de Versailles, Université Grenoble Alpes - UFR Informatique et Mathématiques Appliquées (UGA UFR IMAG), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Mémoires - Université de Montpellier - Faculté des sciences (UM FS), Université de Montpellier (UM), Académie de Grenoble, Mnemonic Synergy (Mnemosyne), Laboratoire Bordelais de Recherche en Informatique (LaBRI), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Électronique, Informatique et Radiocommunications de Bordeaux (ENSEIRB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Électronique, Informatique et Radiocommunications de Bordeaux (ENSEIRB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Inria Bordeaux - Sud-Ouest, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives [Bordeaux] (IMN), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Innovation et Numérique pour l'Education (LINE), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), European Project: CAI, Viéville, Thierry, Erasmus+ Communauté d'Apprentissage de l'Informatique - CAI - INCOMING, Direction de la Culture et de l’Information Scientifiques (DCIS), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Inria Siège, and Université Grenoble Alpes - UFR Informatique, mathématiques et mathématiques appliquées (UGA UFR IM2AG)
Subjects: Communauté d’Apprentissage, [INFO.EIAH] Computer Science [cs]/Technology for Human Learning, Communauté de Pratiques, [SHS.EDU]Humanities and Social Sciences/Education, [SHS.EDU] Humanities and Social Sciences/Education, Enseignement de l’informatique, Apprentissage de l’informatique, [INFO.EIAH]Computer Science [cs]/Technology for Human Learning
Abstract: National audience; L’introduction de l’enseignement de l’informatique au lycée va permettre aux prochaines générations de maîtriser et participer au développement du numérique. Le principal enjeu est alors la formation des enseignantes et des enseignants. Comment relever un tel défi ?D’abord en faisant communauté d’apprentissage et de pratique : depuis des semaines déjà en 2021 l’AEIF et le projet CAI contribuent à l’accueil et l’entraide de centaines de collègues en activité ou en formation, discutant de tous les sujets, partageant des ressources sur un forum dédié et des listes de discussions.Puis, depuis début 2022, en offrant deux formations en ligne :- Une formation aux fondamentaux de l’informatique, avec un ordre de grandeur de 200 heures de travail, avec les ressources de formation d’initiation et de perfectionnement. Plus qu’un simple "MOOC", ce sont les ressources d’une formation complète, et un accompagnement prévu pour permettre de bien les utiliser.- Une formation pour apprendre à enseigner… par la pratique, en co-préparant les activités pédagogiques des cours à venir, en partageant des pratiques didactiques et en prenant un recul pédagogique, y compris du point de vue de la pédagogie de l’égalité.Les personnes désireuses de se préparer au CAPES y trouveront aussi des conseils et des pistes de travail.Si vous n’avez pas envie d’être seul·e relativement à cet enseignement de l’informatique et être accompagné dans les trois ans qui viennent, passez nous voir ce jour-là.
Published: 2022

25. Corrector Equations in Fluid Mechanics: Effective Viscosity of Colloidal Suspensions

Author: Antoine Gloria, Mitia Duerinckx, Département de Mathématique [Bruxelles] (ULB), Faculté des Sciences [Bruxelles] (ULB), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)-Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), AP-HP. Université Paris Saclay, Laboratoire Jacques-Louis Lions (LJLL (UMR_7598)), and Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)
Subjects: Mécanique des fluides, Complex system, 01 natural sciences, Homogenization (chemistry), Point process, Physics::Fluid Dynamics, Colloid, symbols.namesake, Mathematics - Analysis of PDEs, Mathematics (miscellaneous), [MATH.MATH-MP]Mathematics [math]/Mathematical Physics [math-ph], FOS: Mathematics, [MATH.MATH-AP]Mathematics [math]/Analysis of PDEs [math.AP], Ergodic theory, 0101 mathematics, Einstein, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Physics, Mechanical Engineering, Probability (math.PR), 010102 general mathematics, Fluid mechanics, Stokes flow, [MATH.MATH-PR]Mathematics [math]/Probability [math.PR], 010101 applied mathematics, Mathématiques, Classical mechanics, symbols, Analyse mathématique, Mathematics - Probability, Analysis, Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
Abstract: Consider a colloidal suspension of rigid particles in a steady Stokes flow. In a celebrated work, Einstein argued that in the regime of dilute particles the system behaves at leading order like a Stokes fluid with some explicit effective viscosity. In the present contribution, we rigorously define a notion of effective viscosity, regardless of the dilute regime assumption. More precisely, we establish a homogenization result for when particles are distributed according to a given stationary and ergodic random point process. The main novelty is the introduction and analysis of suitable corrector equations., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published
Published: 2020

26. The future of Arctic sea-ice biogeochemistry and ice-associated ecosystems

Author: Letizia Tedesco, François Fripiat, Sébastien Moreau, Pat Wongpan, Hauke Flores, Maria A. van Leeuwe, Philipp Assmy, Ilka Peeken, O. Crabeck, Karley Campbell, Bruno Delille, Hermanni Kaartokallio, Lisa A. Miller, Klaus M Meiners, Melissa Chierici, Jean-Louis Tison, Marcello Vichi, Kristina A. Brown, Daiki Nomura, Agneta Fransson, Nicolas-Xavier Geilfus, Nadja Steiner, Brent Else, Jacqueline Stefels, Fanny Van der Linden, Caroline Jacques, Martin Vancoppenolle, Giulia Castellani, Ellen Damm, Jeff S. Bowman, Marie Kotovitch, Delphine Lannuzel, Elizabeth M. Jones, Janne-Markus Rintala, University of Tasmania [Hobart, Australia] (UTAS), Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE), Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences [Groningen] (GELIFES), University of Groningen [Groningen], Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, University of Tromsø (UiT), The Arctic University of Norway [Tromsø, Norway] (UiT), Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research (AWI), Freshwater and Oceanic Sciences Unit of reSearch (FOCUS), Laboratory of Oceanology, Université de Liège-Université de Liège, Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO), Norwegian Polar Institute, Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO - UC San Diego), University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Finnish Institute of Marine Research (FIMR), University of East Anglia [Norwich] (UEA), University of Calgary, Faculté des Sciences [Bruxelles] (ULB), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), University of Manitoba [Winnipeg], Laboratoire de Glaciologie [Bruxelles], Australian Antarctic Division (AAD), Australian Government, Department of the Environment and Energy, Hokkaido Information University, Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, Nucleus for European Modeling of the Ocean (NEMO R&D ), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), University of Cape Town, and Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies [Hobart] (IMAS)
Subjects: 0303 health sciences, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Biogeochemistry, Environmental Science (miscellaneous), 01 natural sciences, Ozone depletion, Arctic ice pack, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Oceanography, chemistry, Arctic, Megafauna, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Carbon dioxide, Sea ice, Environmental science, Ecosystem, human activities, Social Sciences (miscellaneous), Sciences exactes et naturelles, 030304 developmental biology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: The Arctic sea-ice-scape is rapidly transforming. Increasing light penetration will initiate earlier seasonal primary production. This earlier growing season may be accompanied by an increase in ice algae and phytoplankton biomass, augmenting the emission of dimethylsulfide and capture of carbon dioxide. Secondary production may also increase on the shelves, although the loss of sea ice exacerbates the demise of sea-ice fauna, endemic fish and megafauna. Sea-ice loss may also deliver more methane to the atmosphere, but warmer ice may release fewer halogens, resulting in fewer ozone depletion events. The net changes in carbon drawdown are still highly uncertain. Despite large uncertainties in these assessments, we expect disruptive changes that warrant intensified long-term observations and modelling efforts., info:eu-repo/semantics/published
Published: 2020

27. Robustness of the pathwise structure of fluctuations in stochastic homogenization

Author: Felix Otto, Mitia Duerinckx, Antoine Gloria, Département de Mathématique [Bruxelles] (ULB), Faculté des Sciences [Bruxelles] (ULB), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)-Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Laboratoire Jacques-Louis Lions (LJLL (UMR_7598)), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Max Planck Institute for Mathematics in the Sciences (MPI-MiS), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), and Université Libre de Bruxelles [Bruxelles] (ULB)
Subjects: Statistics and Probability, Covariance function, 01 natural sciences, Homogenization (chemistry), 010104 statistics & probability, Mathematics - Analysis of PDEs, FOS: Mathematics, [MATH.MATH-AP]Mathematics [math]/Analysis of PDEs [math.AP], Statistical physics, Statistique mathématique, 0101 mathematics, Algebraic number, Scaling, Mathematics, Continuum (measurement), Mathematical finance, Probability (math.PR), 010102 general mathematics, Conductance, Méthodes mathématiques et quantitatives, Probabilités, [MATH.MATH-PR]Mathematics [math]/Probability [math.PR], Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty, Analyse mathématique, Mathematics - Probability, Analysis, Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
Abstract: We consider a linear elliptic system in divergence form with random coefficients and study the random fluctuations of large-scale averages of the field and the flux of the solution operator. In the context of the random conductance model, we developed in a previous work a theory of fluctuations based on the notion of homogenization commutator: we proved that the two-scale expansion of this special quantity is accurate at leading order in the fluctuation scaling when averaged on large scales (as opposed to the two-scale expansion of the solution operator taken separately) and that the large-scale fluctuations of the field and the flux of the solution operator can be recovered from those of the commutator. This implies that the large-scale fluctuations of the commutator of the corrector drive all other large-scale fluctuations to leading order, which we refer to as the pathwise structure of fluctuations in stochastic homogenization. In the present contribution we extend this result in two directions: we treat continuum elliptic (possibly non-symmetric) systems and allow for strongly correlated coefficient fields (Gaussian-like with a covariance function that can display an arbitrarily slow algebraic decay at infinity). Our main result shows in this general setting that the two-scale expansion of the homogenization commutator is still accurate to leading order when averaged on large scales, which illustrates the robustness of the pathwise structure of fluctuations., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published
Published: 2020

28. Emergence of Homochiral Benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxamide Helical Assemblies and Catalysts upon Addition of an Achiral Monomer

Author: Laurent Bouteiller, Yan Li, Ahmad Hammoud, Matthieu Raynal, Département d'Informatique [Bruxelles] (ULB), Faculté des Sciences [Bruxelles] (ULB), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)-Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (IPCM), Chimie Moléculaire de Paris Centre (FR 2769), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris - Chimie ParisTech-PSL (ENSCP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Ecole Superieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris (ESPCI Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Génie des Procédés Catalytiques (LGPC), École Supérieure Chimie Physique Électronique de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon, Thomson-CSF Laboratoire Central de Recherches (THOMSON-CSF LCR), Thomson, Chimie des polymères (LCP), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (IPCM), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Chimie Moléculaire de Paris Centre (FR 2769), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: inorganic chemicals, Chemistry, Comonomer, Supramolecular chemistry, General Chemistry, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, Catalysis, 0104 chemical sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Crystallography, Colloid and Surface Chemistry, Enantiopure drug, Helix, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Racemic mixture, Homochirality, Enantiomeric excess, Chirality (chemistry)
Abstract: International audience; Chirality amplification refers to the ability of a small chiral bias to fully control the main chain helicity of polymers and assemblies. Further implementation of functional chirally-amplified helices as switchable asymmetric catalysts, chiral sensors and circularly-polarized light emitters will require a greater control of the energetics governing these chirality amplification effects. In this work, we report on the counterintuitive ability of an achiral molecule to suppress conformational defects in supramolecular helices thus leading to the emergence of homochirality in a system containing a very small chiral bias. We focus our investigation on supramolecular helices composed of an achiral benzene-1,3,5-tri-carboxamide (BTA) ligand, coordinated to copper, and an enanti-opure BTA co-monomer. Amplification of chirality as probed by varying the amount (sergeants-and-soldiers effect) or the optical purity (diluted majority-rules effect) of the enantiopure co-mono-mer, are modest in this initial system. However, both effects are hugely enhanced upon addition of a second achiral BTA monomer leading to a perfect control of the helicity either by means of a remarkably low amount of sergeants (0.5%) or a small bias from a racemic mixture of enantiopure co-monomers (10% e.e.). Such an enhancement in the amplification of chirality is only achieved by mixing the three components, i.e. the two achiral and the enanti-opure co-monomers, highlighting a synergistic effect upon co-assembly of the three monomers. Investigation of the role of the achiral additive by multifarious analytical techniques supports its ability to stabilize the helical co-assemblies and suppress helix reversals i.e. conformational defects. Implementation of these heli-cal copper precatalysts in the hydrosilylation of 1-(4-nitro-phenyl)ethanone confirms that the effect of the achiral BTA additive is also operative under the conditions of the catalytic experiment. A highly enantioenriched product (90% e.e.) is produced by a supramolecular catalyst operating with ppm levels of chiral species .
Published: 2020

29. Potential of N2/O2atmospheric pressure needle-water DC microplasmas for nitrogen fixation: nitrite-free synthesis of nitrates

Author: Nepal Chandra Roy, David Petitjean, Cedric Pattyn, Nicolas Maira, Sylvain Iseni, François Reniers, Antoine Remy, Faculté des Sciences [Bruxelles] (ULB), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Groupe de recherches sur l'énergétique des milieux ionisés (GREMI), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)
Subjects: Materials science, Absorption spectroscopy, Inorganic chemistry, General Physics and Astronomy, 02 engineering and technology, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Physico-chimie générale, chemistry.chemical_compound, [CHIM.GENI]Chemical Sciences/Chemical engineering, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-PLASM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Plasma Physics [physics.plasm-ph], law, 0103 physical sciences, [SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Nitrite, 010302 applied physics, Atmospheric pressure, Physique, Microplasma, [SPI.FLUID]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Reactive fluid environment, [SPI.PLASMA]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Plasmas, Aqueous two-phase system, Chimie théorique, Plasma, Astronomie, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 6. Clean water, Cathode, Anode, chemistry, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-CHEM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Chemical Physics [physics.chem-ph], 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: A needle-water DC microplasma system working at atmospheric pressure in N2/O2 gas mixtures is used to study the fundamental mechanisms of nitrate/nitrite synthesis in highly complex and yet little-known plasma-water systems. Plasma properties are investigated by means of optical emission spectroscopy while the activated water is analyzed following the treatment using ionic chromatography and UV-Vis absorbance spectroscopy. Experiments highlight that the energy efficiency and selectivity of the process are influenced by the oxygen content and the plasma-induced water heating, with strong differences when the water surface is the anode or the cathode electrode. Nitrates are successfully synthesized without residual nitrites in the solution with a comparatively higher energy efficiency when the water is the cathode. The possible reactions involved in the gas phase and aqueous phase chemistry are presented and future scope for the optimization of the system is discussed., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published
Published: 2020

30. On nonlinear Schrödinger equations with random initial data

Author: Duerinckx, Mitia, Département de Mathématique [Bruxelles] (ULB), Faculté des Sciences [Bruxelles] (ULB), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)-Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Laboratoire de Mathématiques d'Orsay (LMO), and Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [MATH.MATH-PR]Mathematics [math]/Probability [math.PR], [MATH.MATH-MP]Mathematics [math]/Mathematical Physics [math-ph], [MATH.MATH-AP]Mathematics [math]/Analysis of PDEs [math.AP], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2022

31. New directions in the analysis of buried interfaces for device technology by hard X-ray photoemission

Author: O. Renault, P.-M. Deleuze, J. Courtin, T. R. Bure, N. Gauthier, E. Nolot, C. Robert-Goumet, N. Pauly, E. Martinez, K. Artyushkova, Département Plate-Forme Technologique (DPFT), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives - Laboratoire d'Electronique et de Technologie de l'Information (CEA-LETI), Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Institut Pascal (IP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Institut national polytechnique Clermont Auvergne (INP Clermont Auvergne), Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Faculté des Sciences [Bruxelles] (ULB), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Physical electronics (PHI), and ANR-07-BLAN-0253,HAXPES,Hard x-ray PhotoElectron Spectroscopy : Ultrafast dynamics and Electron correlation(2007)
Subjects: Technology, Photoelectron Spectroscopy, X-Rays, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, [SPI.TRON]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electronics
Abstract: International audience; Photoelectron spectroscopy is a characterization technique which plays a key role in device technology, a field requiring, very often, a reliable and reproducible analysis of buried, critical interfaces. The recent advent of laboratory hard X-ray spectrometers opens new perspectives toward routine studies of technologically-relevant samples for the qualification of processes and materials. In this review, the status of hard X-ray photoelecton spectroscopy (HAXPES) implemented with Chromium K$\alpha$ excitation (5.414 keV), and applied to technological research in nanoelectronics, is presented. After some account on the role of synchrotron HAXPES and the specific effects to care about at the practical level, different aspects are developped, first for illustrating the benefits of the technique through specific applications cases in the field of resistive memories and power transistors. Then, we provide a status on quantification in HAXPES, both from core-level intensities and inelastic background analysis. Finally, we present preliminary results in a novel analytical field, operando HAXPES, where a prototypical device is operated in situ during the laboratory HAXPES experiment, opening the possibility to unravel the mechanisms occuring at buried interfaces and governing device operation.
Published: 2022

32. Failing to hash into supersingular isogeny graphs

Author: Booher, Jeremy, Bowden, Ross, Doliskani, Javad, Fouotsa, Tako Boris, Galbraith, Steven, Kunzweiler, Sabrina, Merz, Simon-Philipp, Petit, Christophe, Smith, Benjamin, Stange, Katherine E., Ti, Yan Bo, Vincent, Christelle, Voloch, José Felipe, Weitkämper, Charlotte, Zobernig, Lukas, University of Canterbury [Christchurch], University of Bristol [Bristol], Department of Computer Science [Ryerson University - Toronto], Ryerson University [Toronto], Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), University of Auckland [Auckland], Ruhr University Bochum (RUB), Royal Holloway [University of London] (RHUL), Département d'Informatique [Bruxelles] (ULB), Faculté des Sciences [Bruxelles] (ULB), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)-Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Geometry, arithmetic, algorithms, codes and encryption (GRACE), Laboratoire d'informatique de l'École polytechnique [Palaiseau] (LIX), École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Inria Saclay - Ile de France, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), Department of Mathematics, University of Colorado, University of Colorado [Boulder], DSO National Laboratories (DSO), University of Vermont [Burlington], University of Birmingham [Birmingham], and ANR-19-CE48-0008,CIAO,Cryptographie, isogenies et variété abéliennes surpuissantes(2019)
Subjects: FOS: Computer and information sciences, [INFO.INFO-CR]Computer Science [cs]/Cryptography and Security [cs.CR], Computer Science - Cryptography and Security, Mathematics::Algebraic Geometry, Mathematics - Number Theory, Mathematics::Number Theory, ComputingMethodologies_SYMBOLICANDALGEBRAICMANIPULATION, FOS: Mathematics, 11G05, 11T71, 14G50, 14K02, 81P94, 94A60, 68Q12, Number Theory (math.NT), Cryptography and Security (cs.CR), [MATH.MATH-NT]Mathematics [math]/Number Theory [math.NT]
Abstract: An important open problem in supersingular isogeny-based cryptography is to produce, without a trusted authority, concrete examples of "hard supersingular curves" that is, equations for supersingular curves for which computing the endomorphism ring is as difficult as it is for random supersingular curves. A related open problem is to produce a hash function to the vertices of the supersingular $\ell$-isogeny graph which does not reveal the endomorphism ring, or a path to a curve of known endomorphism ring. Such a hash function would open up interesting cryptographic applications. In this paper, we document a number of (thus far) failed attempts to solve this problem, in the hope that we may spur further research, and shed light on the challenges and obstacles to this endeavour. The mathematical approaches contained in this article include: (i) iterative root-finding for the supersingular polynomial; (ii) gcd's of specialized modular polynomials; (iii) using division polynomials to create small systems of equations; (iv) taking random walks in the isogeny graph of abelian surfaces; and (v) using quantum random walks., Comment: 33 pages, 7 figures
Published: 2022
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33. Reduced models for the Poisson problem in perforated domains

Author: Boulakia, Muriel, Grandmont, Céline, Lespagnol, Fabien, Zunino, Paolo, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Laboratoire Jacques-Louis Lions (LJLL (UMR_7598)), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), COmputational Mathematics for bio-MEDIcal Applications (COMMEDIA), Inria de Paris, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire Jacques-Louis Lions (LJLL (UMR_7598)), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Département de Mathématique [Bruxelles] (ULB), Faculté des Sciences [Bruxelles] (ULB), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)-Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Laboratorio di Modellistica e Calcolo Scientifico MOX (Dipartimento di Matematica 'Francesco Brioschi'), Politecnico di Milano [Milan] (POLIMI), and Fabien Lespagnol is supported by the project A new computational approach for the fluid-structure in-teraction of slender bodies immersed in three-dimensional flows granted by the Università Italo-Francese, in the framework Vinci 2019.
Subjects: [MATH.MATH-AP]Mathematics [math]/Analysis of PDEs [math.AP], [MATH]Mathematics [math], [MATH.MATH-NA]Mathematics [math]/Numerical Analysis [math.NA]
Abstract: We develop a fictitious domain method to approximate a Dirichlet problem on a domain with small circular holes (simply called a perforated domain). To address the case of many small inclusions or exclusions, we propose a reduced model based on the projection of the homogeneous Dirichlet boundary constraint on a finite dimensional approximation space. We analyze the existence of the solution of this reduced problem and prove its convergence towards the limit problem without holes. We next obtain an estimate of the gap between the solution of the reduced model and the solution of the full initial model with small holes, the convergence rate depending on the size of the inclusion and on the number of modes of the finite dimensional space. The numerical discretization of the reduced problem is addressed by the finite element method, using a computational mesh that does not fit to the holes. The approximation properties of the finite element method are analyzed by a-priori estimates and confirmed by numerical experiments. elliptic differential equations, small inclusions, asymptotic analysis, approximated numerical method.
Published: 2021

34. Analysis of a linearized poromechanics model for incompressible and nearly incompressible materials

Author: Barré, Mathieu, Grandmont, Céline, Moireau, Philippe, Laboratoire de mécanique des solides (LMS), École polytechnique (X)-MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Mathematical and Mechanical Modeling with Data Interaction in Simulations for Medicine (M3DISIM), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Inria Saclay - Ile de France, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), Laboratoire Jacques-Louis Lions (LJLL (UMR_7598)), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), COmputational Mathematics for bio-MEDIcal Applications (COMMEDIA), Inria de Paris, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire Jacques-Louis Lions (LJLL (UMR_7598)), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Département de Mathématique [Bruxelles] (ULB), Faculté des Sciences [Bruxelles] (ULB), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)-Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), École polytechnique (X)-Mines Paris - PSL (École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Mines Paris - PSL (École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris), Sorbonne Université (SU), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), and Grandmont, Celine
Subjects: [MATH.MATH-AP]Mathematics [math]/Analysis of PDEs [math.AP], [MATH] Mathematics [math], [MATH.MATH-AP] Mathematics [math]/Analysis of PDEs [math.AP], [MATH]Mathematics [math]
Abstract: International audience; In this paper, we thoroughly analyze the linearized version of a poromechanics model developed to simulate biological tissues perfusion. This is a fully dynamical model in which the fluid and solid equations are strongly coupled through the interstitial pressure. As such, it generalizes Darcy, Brinkman and Biot equations of poroelasticity. The mathematical and numerical analysis of this model was first performed for a compressible porous material. Here, we focus on the nearly incompressible case with a semigroup approach that also enables to prove the existence of weak solutions. We show the existence and uniqueness of strong and weak solutions in the incompressible limit, for which a non-standard divergence constraint arises. Due to the special form of the coupling, the underlying problem is not coercive. Nevertheless, by using the notion of T-coercivity, we obtain stability estimates and well-posedness results. Our study also provides guidelines to propose a stable and robust approximation of the problem with mixed finite elements. In particular, we recover an inf-sup condition independent of the phase field. Finally, we investigate numerically the elliptic regularity of the associated steady-state problem and illustrate the sensitivity of the solution with respect to the different model parameters.
Published: 2021

35. GCM Analysis of the collective properties of lead isotopes with exact projection on particle numbers

Author: P. Bonche, Hubert Flocard, Paul-Henri Heenen, Michaël Bender, A. Valor, Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Physique Théorique et Mathématique [Bruxelles] (ULB 150), Département de Physique [Bruxelles] (ULB), Faculté des Sciences [Bruxelles] (ULB), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)-Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)-Faculté des Sciences [Bruxelles] (ULB), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)-Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Institut de Physique Théorique - UMR CNRS 3681 (IPHT), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Isotope, [PHYS.NUCL]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Theory [nucl-th], Nuclear Theory, Magnetic monopole, FOS: Physical sciences, GCM transcription factors, Nuclear Theory (nucl-th), Vibration, symbols.namesake, Pairing, Quantum mechanics, Quadrupole, symbols, PACS numbers: 21.10.-k Properties of nuclei, nuclear energy levels – 21.60.-n Nuclear-structure models and methods– 27.80.+w 190 ≤ A ≤ 219, Physics::Atomic Physics, Hamiltonian (quantum mechanics)
Abstract: We present a microscopic analysis of the collective behaviour of the lead isotopes in the vicinity of Pb208. In this study, we rely on a coherent approach based on the Generator Coordinate Method including exact projection on N and Z numbers within a collective space generated by means of the constrained Hartree-Fock BCS method. With the same Hamiltonian used in HF+BCS calculations, we have performed a comprehensive study including monopole, quadrupole and octupole excitations as well as pairing vibrations. We find that, for the considered nuclei, the collective modes which modify the most the conclusions drawn from the mean-field theory are the octupole and pairing vibrations., 10 pages LATEX, 8 figures, submitted to EPJA
Published: 2001

36. Well-posedness of the Lenard-Balescu equation with smooth interactions

Author: Duerinckx, Mitia, Winter, Raphael, Laboratoire de Mathématiques d'Orsay (LMO), Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département de Mathématique [Bruxelles] (ULB), Faculté des Sciences [Bruxelles] (ULB), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)-Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Unité de Mathématiques Pures et Appliquées (UMPA-ENSL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), and École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Mathematics - Analysis of PDEs, Physics::Plasma Physics, [MATH.MATH-MP]Mathematics [math]/Mathematical Physics [math-ph], FOS: Mathematics, [MATH.MATH-AP]Mathematics [math]/Analysis of PDEs [math.AP], Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
Abstract: The Lenard-Balescu equation was formally derived in the 1960s as the fundamental description of the collisional process in a spatially homogeneous system of interacting particles. It can be viewed as correcting the standard Landau equation by taking into account collective screening effects. Due to the reputed complexity of the Lenard-Balescu equation in case of Coulomb interactions, its mathematical theory has remained void apart from the linearized setting. In this contribution, we focus on the case of smooth interactions and we show that dynamical screening effects can then be handled perturbatively. Taking inspiration from the Landau theory, we establish global well-posedness close to equilibrium, local well-posedness away from equilibrium, and we discuss the convergence to equilibrium and the validity of the Landau approximation., Comment: 46 pages
Published: 2021

37. Synthèse Automatique de Systèmes avec Données

Author: Exibard, Léo, Laboratoire d'Informatique et Systèmes (LIS), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département d'Informatique [Bruxelles] (ULB), Faculté des Sciences [Bruxelles] (ULB), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)-Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Bourse FRIA du F.R.S.-FNRS, Contrat Doctoral Spécifique Normalien de l'ENS Lyon, Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Pierre-Alain Reynier, Emmanuel Filiot, and EXIBARD, Léo
Subjects: Register Transducers, Computability, [INFO.INFO-LO] Computer Science [cs]/Logic in Computer Science [cs.LO], [INFO.INFO-GT]Computer Science [cs]/Computer Science and Game Theory [cs.GT], Transducteurs asynchrones, Asynchronous Transducers, Register Automata, Data Domains, Transducteurs à registres, [INFO.INFO-LO]Computer Science [cs]/Logic in Computer Science [cs.LO], Mots de données, Synthèse réactive, Continuité, Church Problem, Reactive Synthesis, Automates à registres, [INFO.INFO-FL]Computer Science [cs]/Formal Languages and Automata Theory [cs.FL], Data Words, Problème de Church, [INFO.INFO-GT] Computer Science [cs]/Computer Science and Game Theory [cs.GT], Calculabilité, Domaines de données, [INFO.INFO-FL] Computer Science [cs]/Formal Languages and Automata Theory [cs.FL], Continuity
Abstract: A reactive system is a system that continuously interacts with its environment. The environment provides an input signal, to which the system reacts with an output signal, and so on ad infinitum. In reactive synthesis, the goal is to automatically generate an implementation from a specification of the reactive and non-terminating input/output behaviours of a system. In the classical setting, the set of signals is assumed to be finite. however, this assumption is not realistic to model systems which process sequences of signals accompanied with data from a possibly infinite set (e.g. a client id, a sensor value, etc.), which need to be stored in memory and compared against each other.The goal of this thesis is to lift the theory of reactive system synthesis over words on a finite alphabet to data words. The data domain consists in an infinite set whose structure is given by predicates and constants enriched with labels from a finite alphabet. In this context, specifications and implementations are respectively given as automata and transducers extended with a finite set of registers that they use to store data values. To determine the transition to take, they compare the input data with the content of the registers using the predicates of the domain.In a first part, we consider both the bounded and unbounded synthesis problem; the former additionally asks for a bound on the number of registers of the implementation, along with the specification. We do so for different instances, depending on whether the specification is a nondeterministic, universal (a.k.a. co-non-deterministic) or deterministic automaton, for various domains.While the bounded synthesis problem is undecidable for non-deterministic specifications, we provide a generic approach consisting in a reduction to the finite alphabet case, that is done through automata-theoretic constructions. This allows to reprove decidability of bounded synthesis for universal specifications over (ℕ,=), and to obtain new ones, such as the case of a dense order, or the ability of data guessing, all with a 2-ExpTime complexity.We then move to the unbounded synthesis problem, which is undecidable for specifications given by non-deterministic and universal automata, but decidable and ExpTime-complete for deterministic ones over (ℕ,=) and (ℚ, Les systèmes réactifs sont caractérisés par une interaction constante avec leur environnement : celui-ci fournit un signal d’entrée, auquel le système répond par un signal de sortie, et ainsi de suite à l’infini. L’objectif de la synthèse réactive est de générer automatiquement l’implémentation d’un tel système à partir de la spécification de son comportement. Classiquement, l’ensemble des signaux est supposé fini. Cependant, ce cadre échoue à modéliser des systèmes qui traitent des signaux accompagnés de données issues d’un ensemble potentiellement infini (un identifiant unique, la valeur d’un capteur, etc.), qui doivent être stockées et comparées entre elles.L’objectif de cette thèse est d’étendre la théorie de la synthèse réactive sur les mots à alphabet fini au cas des mots de données. Le domaine de données consiste en un ensemble infini, dont la structure est définie par des prédicats et des constantes, enrichi par un ensemble fini de signaux. Les spécifications et les implémentations sont alors respectivement représentées par des automates et des transducteurs à registres, qu’ils utilisent pour stocker les données. Pour déterminer la transition à prendre, ils comparent la donnée d’entrée au contenu de leurs registres à l’aide des prédicats du domaine.Dans une première partie, nous considérons les problèmes de la synthèse bornée et non-bornée. Dans le premier cas, l’algorithme prend en entrée une borne sur le nombre de registres de l’implémentation, en plus de la spécification à implémenter. Nous considérons plusieurs instances, selon que la spécification est un automate non-déterministe, universel (ou co-non-déterministe), ou encore déterministe, pour plusieurs domaines de données.Tandis que le problème de la synthèse bornée est indécidable pour les spécifications non-déterministes, nous élaborons une approche générique qui permet de le réduire au cas d’un alphabet fini. Celle-ci permet de redémontrer la décidabilité de la synthèse bornée à partir d’automates universels sur (ℕ,=) et d’étendre le résultat à (ℚ
Published: 2021

38. A new spectral analysis of stationary random Schrödinger operators

Author: Duerinckx, Mitia, Shirley, Christopher, Département de Mathématique [Bruxelles] (ULB), Faculté des Sciences [Bruxelles] (ULB), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)-Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Laboratoire de Mathématiques d'Orsay (LMO), and Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Mathematics - Spectral Theory, [MATH.MATH-PR]Mathematics [math]/Probability [math.PR], [MATH.MATH-MP]Mathematics [math]/Mathematical Physics [math-ph], Mathematical Physics, Mathematics - Probability, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [MATH.MATH-SP]Mathematics [math]/Spectral Theory [math.SP]
Abstract: Motivated by the long-time transport properties of quantum waves in weakly disordered media, the present work puts random Schr\"odinger operators into a new spectral perspective. Based on a stationary random version of a Floquet type fibration, we reduce the description of the quantum dynamics to a fibered family of abstract spectral perturbation problems on the underlying probability space. We state a natural resonance conjecture for these fibered operators: in contrast with periodic and quasiperiodic settings, this would entail that Bloch waves do not exist as extended states, but rather as resonant modes, and this would justify the expected exponential decay of time correlations. Although this resonance conjecture remains open, we develop new tools for spectral analysis on the probability space, and in particular we show how ideas from Malliavin calculus lead to rigorous Mourre type results: we obtain an approximate dynamical resonance result and the first spectral proof of the decay of time correlations on the kinetic timescale. This spectral approach suggests a whole new way of circumventing perturbative expansions and renormalization techniques., Comment: 62 pages
Published: 2021

39. Scaling limit of the homogenization commutator for correlated coefficient fields

Author: Duerinckx, Mitia, Fischer, Julian, Gloria, Antoine, Département de Mathématique [Bruxelles] (ULB), Faculté des Sciences [Bruxelles] (ULB), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)-Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Laboratoire de Mathématiques d'Orsay (LMO), Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Science and Technology [Austria] (IST Austria), Laboratoire Jacques-Louis Lions (LJLL (UMR_7598)), and Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)
Subjects: [MATH.MATH-PR]Mathematics [math]/Probability [math.PR], [MATH.MATH-AP]Mathematics [math]/Analysis of PDEs [math.AP], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2021

40. Continuum percolation in stochastic homogenization and the effective viscosity problem

Author: Mitia Duerinckx, Antoine Gloria, Laboratoire de Mathématiques d'Orsay (LMO), Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département de Mathématique [Bruxelles] (ULB), Faculté des Sciences [Bruxelles] (ULB), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)-Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Laboratoire Jacques-Louis Lions (LJLL (UMR_7598)), and Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)
Subjects: [MATH.MATH-PR]Mathematics [math]/Probability [math.PR], Mathematics (miscellaneous), Mathematics - Analysis of PDEs, [MATH.MATH-MP]Mathematics [math]/Mathematical Physics [math-ph], Mechanical Engineering, Probability (math.PR), FOS: Mathematics, [MATH.MATH-AP]Mathematics [math]/Analysis of PDEs [math.AP], Analysis, Mathematics - Probability, Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
Abstract: This contribution is concerned with the effective viscosity problem, that is, the homogenization of the steady Stokes system with a random array of rigid particles, for which the main difficulty is the treatment of close particles. Standard approaches in the literature have addressed this issue by making moment assumptions on interparticle distances. Such assumptions however prevent clustering of particles, which is not compatible with physically-relevant particle distributions. In this contribution, we take a different perspective and consider moment bounds on the size of clusters of close particles. On the one hand, assuming such bounds, we construct correctors and prove homogenization (using a variational formulation and $\Gamma$-convergence to avoid delicate pressure issues). On the other hand, based on subcritical percolation techniques, these bounds are shown to hold for various mixing particle distributions with nontrivial clustering. As a by-product of the analysis, we also obtain similar homogenization results for compressible and incompressible linear elasticity with unbounded random stiffness., Comment: 30 pages. This version corrects a mistake on John's domains, the results are unchanged
Published: 2021

41. Automated Analysis of Behavioural Variability and Filial Imprinting of Chicks (G. gallus) using Autonomous Robots

Author: Gribovskiy, A., Mondada, F., Deneubourg, J. L., Cazenille, L., Bredeche, N., Halloy, J., Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Département de Physique [Bruxelles] (ULB), Faculté des Sciences [Bruxelles] (ULB), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)-Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Energies de Demain (LIED (UMR_8236)), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), and Sorbonne Université (SU)
Subjects: FOS: Computer and information sciences, Collective Behaviour, High-Throughput Ethology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], FOS: Physical sciences, Quantitative Biology - Quantitative Methods, [INFO.INFO-MO]Computer Science [cs]/Modeling and Simulation, Machine Learning (cs.LG), Filial imprinting, [INFO.INFO-AI]Computer Science [cs]/Artificial Intelligence [cs.AI], Gallus gallus domesticus, Computer Science - Learning, Computer Science - Robotics, [INFO.INFO-LG]Computer Science [cs]/Machine Learning [cs.LG], Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph), FOS: Biological sciences, Physics - Biological Physics, Autonomous Robots, Robotics (cs.RO), Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
Abstract: Inter-individual variability has various impacts in animal social behaviour. This implies that not only collective behaviours have to be studied but also the behavioural variability of each member composing the groups. To understand those effects on group behaviour, we develop a quantitative methodology based on automated ethograms and autonomous robots to study the inter-individual variability among social animals. We choose chicks of \textit{Gallus gallus domesticus} as a classic social animal model system for their suitability in laboratory and controlled experimentation. Moreover, even domesticated chicken present social structures implying forms or leadership and filial imprinting. We develop an imprinting methodology on autonomous robots to study individual and social behaviour of free moving animals. This allows to quantify the behaviours of large number of animals. We develop an automated experimental methodology that allows to make relatively fast controlled experiments and efficient data analysis. Our analysis are based on high-throughput data allowing a fine quantification of individual behavioural traits. We quantify the efficiency of various state-of-the-art algorithms to automate data analysis and produce automated ethograms. We show that the use of robots allows to provide controlled and quantified stimuli to the animals in absence of human intervention. We quantify the individual behaviour of 205 chicks obtained from hatching after synchronized fecundation. Our results show a high variability of individual behaviours and of imprinting quality and success. Three classes of chicks are observed with various level of imprinting. Our study shows that the concomitant use of autonomous robots and automated ethograms allows detailed and quantitative analysis of behavioural patterns of animals in controlled laboratory experiments., 17 pages, 17 figures, 2 tables
Published: 2021

42. PHROG: families of prokaryotic virus proteins clustered using remote homology

Author: Rubén Enrique Pérez Bucio, Julien Lossouarn, Eric Olo Ndela, Clovis Galiez, François Enault, Robin Mom, Marie-Agnès Petit, Paul Terzian, Ariane Toussaint, Laboratoire Microorganismes : Génome et Environnement (LMGE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), MICrobiologie de l'ALImentation au Service de la Santé (MICALIS), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire de Physique et Physiologie Intégratives de l’Arbre en environnement Fluctuant (PIAF), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), H2020 European Research Council685778INRAE, Statistique pour le Vivant et l’Homme (SVH), Laboratoire Jean Kuntzmann (LJK), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Institut de Biologie et de Médecine Moléculaires [Gosselies] (ULB/IBMM), Faculté des Sciences [Bruxelles] (ULB), and Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)-Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)-Faculté de Médecine [Bruxelles] (ULB)
Subjects: AcademicSubjects/SCI01140, AcademicSubjects/SCI01060, Protein family, Viral protein, Ecology (disciplines), AcademicSubjects/SCI00030, Standard Article, Computational biology, Biology, AcademicSubjects/SCI01180, medicine.disease_cause, 03 medical and health sciences, Annotation, medicine, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Homology (anthropology), Cluster analysis, 030304 developmental biology, Sequence (medicine), 0303 health sciences, prokaryotic virus proteins, [INFO.INFO-DB]Computer Science [cs]/Databases [cs.DB], MOBILE GENETIC ELEMENTS, 030302 biochemistry & molecular biology, homology, Classification, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, AcademicSubjects/SCI00980, [INFO.INFO-BI]Computer Science [cs]/Bioinformatics [q-bio.QM], PHROG, Reference genome
Abstract: Viruses are abundant, diverse and ancestral biological entities. Their diversity is high, both in terms of the number of different protein families encountered and in the sequence heterogeneity of each protein family. The recent increase in sequenced viral genomes constitutes a great opportunity to gain new insights into this diversity and consequently urges the development of annotation resources to help functional and comparative analysis. Here, we introduce PHROG (Prokaryotic Virus Remote Homologous Groups), a library of viral protein families generated using a new clustering approach based on remote homology detection by HMM profile-profile comparisons. Considering 17 473 reference (pro)viruses of prokaryotes, 868 340 of the total 938 864 proteins were grouped into 38 880 clusters that proved to be a 2-fold deeper clustering than using a classical strategy based on BLAST-like similarity searches, and yet to remain homogeneous. Manual inspection of similarities to various reference sequence databases led to the annotation of 5108 clusters (containing 50.6 % of the total protein dataset) with 705 different annotation terms, included in 9 functional categories, specifically designed for viruses. Hopefully, PHROG will be a useful tool to better annotate future prokaryotic viral sequences thus helping the scientific community to better understand the evolution and ecology of these entities.
Published: 2021

43. On the size of chaos via Glauber calculus in the classical mean-field dynamics

Author: Duerinckx, Mitia, Département de Mathématique [Bruxelles] (ULB), Faculté des Sciences [Bruxelles] (ULB), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)-Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), and AP-HP. Université Paris Saclay
Subjects: Probability (math.PR), FOS: Physical sciences, Mathematical Physics (math-ph), [MATH.MATH-PR]Mathematics [math]/Probability [math.PR], Mathématiques, Mathematics - Analysis of PDEs, [MATH.MATH-MP]Mathematics [math]/Mathematical Physics [math-ph], FOS: Mathematics, Analyse mathématique, Mathematical Physics, Mathematics - Probability, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Physique théorique et mathématique, Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
Abstract: We consider a system of classical particles, interacting via a smooth, long-range potential, in the mean-field regime, and we optimally analyze the propagation of chaos in form of sharp estimates on many-particle correlation functions. While approaches based on the BBGKY hierarchy are doomed by uncontrolled losses of derivatives, we propose a novel non-hierarchical approach that focusses on the empirical measure of the system and exploits a Glauber type calculus with respect to initial data in form of higher-order Poincar\'e inequalities for cumulants. This main result allows to rigorously truncate the BBGKY hierarchy to an arbitrary precision on the mean-field timescale, thus justifying the Bogolyubov corrections to mean field. As corollaries, we also deduce a quantitative central limit theorem for fluctuations of the empirical measure, and we partially justify the Lenard-Balescu limit for a spatially homogeneous system away from thermal equilibrium., Comment: 38 pages
Published: 2021

44. Microscopic study of superdeformation in the A=150 mass region

Author: Hubert Flocard, Paul-Henri Heenen, Paul Bonche, Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service de Physique Théorique (SPhT), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Physique Théorique et Mathématique [Bruxelles] (ULB 150), Département de Physique [Bruxelles] (ULB), Faculté des Sciences [Bruxelles] (ULB), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)-Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)-Faculté des Sciences [Bruxelles] (ULB), and Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)-Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Isotope, [PHYS.NUCL]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Theory [nucl-th], Nuclear Theory, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, FOS: Physical sciences, Moment of inertia, 01 natural sciences, Spectral line, 3. Good health, Superdeformation, Nuclear Theory (nucl-th), Quality (physics), Pairing, Excited state, 0103 physical sciences, Atomic physics, 010306 general physics
Abstract: The cranked Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov method presented in previous studies of superdeformed bands in Hg and Pb isotopes is applied to the study of superdeformed bands in Gd150, Dy152, Dy151 and Tb151. The same density-dependent zero-range pairing interaction used in the A=190 mass region leads to a similarly good agreement with the experimental data. In particular, our results confirm the importance of a correct treatment of pairing correlations in Gd150 to reproduce its experimental dynamical moment of inertia. The quasi-particle spectra obtained for all the nuclei studied here are compatible with the experimental results obtained for excited bands in this mass region. The quality of our results opens the possibility of studying microscopically very subtle phenomena like the properties of identical bands., 13 pages, 14 figures
Published: 1995

45. Difficulties adapting to Nail‐Patella syndrome: A qualitative study of patients' perspectives

Author: Delphine Héron, Elodie Brugallé, Laurence Bellengier, Jamal Ghoumid, Sylvie Manouvrier-Hanu, Pascal Antoine, Laura Geerts‐Crabbé, Carole Fantini-Hauwel, Patrick Edery, Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives (SCALab) - UMR 9193 (SCALab), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Maladies RAres du DEveloppement embryonnaire et du MEtabolisme : du Phénotype au Génotype et à la Fonction - ULR 7364 (RADEME), Université de Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), Centre de recherche en neurosciences de Lyon (CRNL), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Faculté des Sciences [Bruxelles] (ULB), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Université de Lille, LillOA, Laboratoire Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives - UMR 9193 (SCALab), Centre de recherche en neurosciences de Lyon - Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (CRNL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Male, Génétique clinique, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Psychological intervention, subjective experience, coping strategies, 0302 clinical medicine, health behavior, Adaptation, Psychological, poor self-esteem, Nail-Patella syndrome, carrier testing, 030212 general & internal medicine, Social isolation, Child, Qualitative Research, Genetics (clinical), Nail patella syndrome, Interpretative phenomenological analysis, medicine.diagnostic_test, Middle Aged, 3. Good health, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Distress, Female, medical adherence, medicine.symptom, Clinical psychology, Adult, Adolescent, Genetic counseling, Carrier testing, genetic testing, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, risk perception, medicine, Humans, predictive genetic testing, Genetic testing, adaptation difficulty, congenital physical disability, business.industry, distress, medicine.disease, disability, quality of life, lived experience, beliefs, business, genetic counselling, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: Nail-Patella syndrome (NPS) is a genetic disorder generating physical malformations and, in approximately one in three cases, ocular and renal damage. The present research aimed to deeply understand patients' subjective experience with NPS, particularly the aspects of the syndrome that affect patients' adaptation and to propose interventions that can improve genetic and psychological counseling and help patients cope with their condition. Semi-structured interviews of nine people diagnosed with NPS were analyzed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. Results highlighted attempts to look like a person without disabilities by hiding malformations and not telling the truth about symptoms' genetic origin because of patients' poor self-esteem, negative self-cognition, and social isolation experienced from childhood to adulthood. Difficulties of adaptation to physical limits and pain were also identified. The majority of participants who were not diagnosed at birth tended to consider physical symptoms as “birth malformations” without imagining other potential implications until receiving a diagnosis. Despite the diagnosis, the majority continued to minimize the potential complications by considering NPS as a “physical difference” and not adhering to medical surveillance., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published
Published: 2019

46. A non-tree-based comprehensive study of metazoan Hox and ParaHox genes prompts new insights into their origin and evolution

Author: Morgane Thomas-Chollier, Valérie Ledent, Michel Vervoort, Luc Leyns, Université Libre de Bruxelles [Bruxelles] (ULB), Laboratory for Cell Genetics, Vrije Universiteit [Brussels] (VUB), Laboratoire de Bioinformatique - Belgian EMBnet Node [ULB, Gosselies] (BEN), Institut de Biologie et de Médecine Moléculaires (ULB, Gosselies) (IBMM), Université Libre de Bruxelles [Bruxelles] (ULB)-Université Libre de Bruxelles [Bruxelles] (ULB), Institut Jacques Monod (IJM (UMR_7592)), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Bioinformatics Laboratory [Gosselies] (ULB/IBMM), Institut de Biologie et de Médecine Moléculaires [Gosselies] (ULB/IBMM), Faculté des Sciences [Bruxelles] (ULB), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)-Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)-Faculté de Médecine [Bruxelles] (ULB), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)-Faculté des Sciences [Bruxelles] (ULB), Cell Genetics, and Biology
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Invertebrates -- genetics, animal structures, Evolution, Lineage (evolution), ParaHox, Evolution des espèces, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Evolution, Molecular, Hox genes, Cnidaria, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Invertebrates, Phylogenetics, Homeodomain Proteins -- genetics, biology.animal, Urbilateria, Research article, MESH: Homeodomain Proteins, QH359-425, Animals, MESH: Animals, MESH: Phylogeny, Hox gene, Gene, MESH: Evolution, Molecular, Phylogeny, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 030304 developmental biology, Homeodomain Proteins, 0303 health sciences, Phylogenetic tree, [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], MESH: Cnidaria, Vertebrate, Genome project, Invertebrates, Cnidaria -- genetics, Evolutionary biology, Sciences exactes et naturelles
Abstract: Hox and the closely-related ParaHox genes, which emerged prior to the divergence between cnidarians and bilaterians, are the most well-known members of the ancient genetic toolkit that controls embryonic development across all metazoans. Fundamental questions relative to their origin and evolutionary relationships remain however unresolved. We investigate here the evolution of metazoan Hox and ParaHox genes using the HoxPred program that allows the identification of Hox genes without the need of phylogenetic tree reconstructions., Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published
Published: 2010

47. Computational Aspects of Column Generation for Nonlinear and Conic Optimization: Classical and Linearized Schemes

Author: Renaud Chicoisne, Département d'Informatique [Bruxelles] (ULB), Faculté des Sciences [Bruxelles] (ULB), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)-Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Laboratoire d'Informatique, de Modélisation et d'Optimisation des Systèmes (LIMOS), Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de St Etienne (ENSM ST-ETIENNE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Institut national polytechnique Clermont Auvergne (INP Clermont Auvergne), Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Institut Supérieur d'Informatique, de Modélisation et de leurs Applications (ISIMA), Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020]), and Chicoisne, Renaud
Subjects: Conic optimization, Decomposition methods, Control and Optimization, [INFO.INFO-RO] Computer Science [cs]/Operations Research [cs.RO], Lagrangean Duality, Applied Mathematics, Portfolio optimization, Column Generation, [MATH.MATH-OC] Mathematics [math]/Optimization and Control [math.OC], [INFO.INFO-RO]Computer Science [cs]/Operations Research [cs.RO], [INFO.INFO-DM]Computer Science [cs]/Discrete Mathematics [cs.DM], [INFO.INFO-MO]Computer Science [cs]/Modeling and Simulation, Portfolio Optimization History : N/A, [MATH.MATH-CO] Mathematics [math]/Combinatorics [math.CO], Computational Mathematics, [INFO.INFO-DM] Computer Science [cs]/Discrete Mathematics [cs.DM], Dantzig-Wolfe decomposition, [MATH.MATH-CO]Mathematics [math]/Combinatorics [math.CO], Nonlinear Optimization, [INFO.INFO-MO] Computer Science [cs]/Modeling and Simulation, [MATH.MATH-OC]Mathematics [math]/Optimization and Control [math.OC], Lagrangian duality
Abstract: Solving large scale nonlinear optimization problems requires either significant computing resources or the development of specialized algorithms. For Linear Programming (LP) problems, decomposition methods can take advantage of problem structure, gradually constructing the full problem by generating variables or constraints. We first present a direct adaptation of the Column Generation (CG) methodology for nonlinear optimization problems, such that when optimizing over a structured set X plus a moderate number of complicating constraints, we solve a succession of 1) restricted master problems on a smaller set S ⊂ X and 2) pricing problems that are Lagrangean relaxations wrt the complicating constraints. The former provides feasible solutions and feeds dual information to the latter. In turn, the pricing problem identifies a variable of interest that is then taken into account into an updated subset S′⊂X.Our approach is valid whenever the master problem has zero Lagrangean duality gap wrt to the complicating constraints, and not only when S is the convex hull of the generated variables as in CG for LPs, but also with a variety of subsets such as the conic hull, the linear span, and a special variable aggregation set. We discuss how the structure of S and its update mechanism influence the convergence and the difficulty of solving the restricted master problems, and present linearized schemes that alleviate the computational burden of solving the pricing problem.We test our methods on synthetic portfolio optimization instances with up to 5 million variables including nonlinear objective functions and second order cone constraints. We show that some CGs with linearized pricing are 2-3 times faster than solving the complete problem directly and are able to provide solutions within 1% of optimality in 6 hours for the larger instances, whereas solving the complete problem runs out of memory.
Published: 2021

48. Computational Aspects of Column Generation Methods for Nonlinear Optimization

Author: Chicoisne, Renaud, Département d'Informatique [Bruxelles] (ULB), Faculté des Sciences [Bruxelles] (ULB), and Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)-Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)
Subjects: Conic optimization, Decomposition methods, Lagrangean Duality, Portfolio optimization, Column Generation, [INFO.INFO-RO]Computer Science [cs]/Operations Research [cs.RO], [INFO.INFO-DM]Computer Science [cs]/Discrete Mathematics [cs.DM], [INFO.INFO-MO]Computer Science [cs]/Modeling and Simulation, Portfolio Optimization History : N/A, Dantzig-Wolfe decomposition, [MATH.MATH-CO]Mathematics [math]/Combinatorics [math.CO], Nonlinear Optimization, [MATH.MATH-OC]Mathematics [math]/Optimization and Control [math.OC], Lagrangian duality
Abstract: Solving large scale nonlinear optimization problems requires either significant computing resources or the development of specialized algorithms. For Linear Programming (LP) problems, decomposition methods can take advantage of problem structure, gradually constructing the full problem by generating variables or constraints. We first present a direct adaptation of the Column Generation (CG) methodology for nonlinear optimization problems, such that when optimizing over a structured set X plus a moderate number of complicating constraints, we solve a succession of 1) restricted master problems on a smaller set S ⊂ X and 2) pricing problems that are Lagrangean relaxations wrt the complicating constraints. The former provides feasible solutions and feeds dual information to the latter. In turn, the pricing problem identifies a variable of interest that is then taken into account into an updated subset S′⊂X.Our approach is valid whenever the master problem has zero Lagrangean duality gap wrt to the complicating constraints, and not only when S is the convex hull of the generated variables as in CG for LPs, but also with a variety of subsets such as the conic hull, the linear span, and a special variable aggregation set. We discuss how the structure of S and its update mechanism influence the convergence and the difficulty of solving the restricted master problems, and present linearized schemes that alleviate the computational burden of solving the pricing problem.We test our methods on synthetic portfolio optimization instances with up to 5 million variables including nonlinear objective functions and second order cone constraints. We show that some CGs with linearized pricing are 2-3 times faster than solving the complete problem directly and are able to provide solutions within 1% of optimality in 6 hours for the larger instances, whereas solving the complete problem runs out of memory.
Published: 2021

49. Eigenvalue fluctuations for random elliptic operators in homogenization regime

Author: Mitia Duerinckx, Laboratoire de Mathématiques d'Orsay (LMO), Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département de Mathématique [Bruxelles] (ULB), Faculté des Sciences [Bruxelles] (ULB), and Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)-Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)
Subjects: Mathematics - Spectral Theory, [MATH.MATH-PR]Mathematics [math]/Probability [math.PR], Mathematics - Analysis of PDEs, Probability (math.PR), FOS: Mathematics, [MATH.MATH-AP]Mathematics [math]/Analysis of PDEs [math.AP], Statistical and Nonlinear Physics, Mathematics::Spectral Theory, Spectral Theory (math.SP), Mathematical Physics, Mathematics - Probability, Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
Abstract: This work is devoted to the asymptotic behavior of eigenvalues of an elliptic operator with rapidly oscillating random coefficients on a bounded domain with Dirichlet boundary conditions. A sharp convergence rate is obtained for isolated eigenvalues towards eigenvalues of the homogenized problem, as well as a quantitative two-scale expansion result for eigenfunctions. Next, a quantitative central limit theorem is established for eigenvalue fluctuations; more precisely, a pathwise characterization of eigenvalue fluctuations is obtained in terms of the so-called homogenization commutator, in parallel with the recent fluctuation theory for the solution operator., Comment: 19 pages
Published: 2021

50. Synthesis of Data Word Transducers

Author: Exibard, L��o, Filiot, Emmanuel, Reynier, Pierre-Alain, Laboratoire d'Informatique et Systèmes (LIS), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département d'Informatique [Bruxelles] (ULB), Faculté des Sciences [Bruxelles] (ULB), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)-Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Modélisation et Vérification (MOVE), Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), and Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: FOS: Computer and information sciences, 000 Computer science, knowledge, general works, TheoryofComputation_COMPUTATIONBYABSTRACTDEVICES, Formal Languages and Automata Theory (cs.FL), Register Automata, Transducers, Computer Science - Formal Languages and Automata Theory, Généralités, Data words, Synthesis, TheoryofComputation_MATHEMATICALLOGICANDFORMALLANGUAGES, [INFO.INFO-FL]Computer Science [cs]/Formal Languages and Automata Theory [cs.FL], Computer Science, Computer Science::Formal Languages and Automata Theory, Sciences exactes et naturelles
Abstract: In reactive synthesis, the goal is to automatically generate an implementation from a specification of the reactive and non-terminating input/output behaviours of a system. Specifications are usually modelled as logical formulae or automata over infinite sequences of signals (ω-words), while implementations are represented as transducers. In the classical setting, the set of signals is assumed to be finite. In this paper, we do not make such an assumption and consider data ω-words instead, i.e. words over an infinite alphabet. In this context, we study specifications and implementations respectively given as automata and transducers extended with a finite set of registers. We consider different instances, depending on whether the specification is nondeterministic, universal or deterministic, and depending on whether the number of registers of the implementation is given (bounded synthesis) or not.In the unbounded setting, we show undecidability for both universal and non-deterministic specifications, while decidability is recovered in the deterministic case. In the bounded setting, undecidability still holds for non-deterministic specifications, but can be recovered by disallowing tests over input data. The generic technique we use to show the latter result allows us to reprove some known result, namely decidability of bounded synthesis for universal specifications., CONCUR 2019, info:eu-repo/semantics/inPress
Published: 2021

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