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This study aims to examine the approach in teaching practice to "muallaf" (Muslim indigenous people: "orang asli") and the factors of attraction toward the acceptance of Islamic understanding among them. The study was conducted at the village of "muallaf orang asli" at Paya Sendayan, Temerloh Pahang, Malaysia. Design of this study are using the qualitative methods. Data were collected by observation and selected informant interviews based on purposive sampling methods. Data were analysed using the thematic methods. The results of the study found that the approach in teaching practice to "muallaf orang asli" is "syarah" (explanation) and discussion presented through storytelling, stimulation method and "talaqqi musyafahah" (face to face). Meanwhile, the results of the attraction factors toward the acceptance of teaching and learning among "muallaf orang asli" are aspect of reward, facilities, understanding and skills of teachers or educators for the socio-culture and role model shown by teachers or educators as well as the Muslim community nearby the living community. The findings of this study show that the teaching and learning of "muallaf orang asli" should be organized systematically in line with the factors of attraction in order to increase interest and earnestly.

A trained workforce is needed to protect operational technology (OT) and industrial control systems (ICS) within national critical infrastructure and critical industries. However, what knowledge, skills, and credentials are employers looking for in OT cybersecurity professionals? To best train the next generation of OT cybersecurity professionals, an understanding of current OT cybersecurity position requirements is needed. Thus, this work analyzes 100 OT cybersecurity positions to provide insights on key prerequisite requirements such as prior professional experience, education, industry certifications, security clearances, programming expertise, soft verbal and written communication skills, knowledge of OT frameworks, standards, and network communication protocols, and position travel. We found that OT cybersecurity roles are typically nonentry level, as experience was the most common requirement, and was required on 95% of analyzed positions. Possession of a bachelor's degree or higher was required for 82% of positions, while industry certifications such as the Certified Information Systems Security Professional (CISSP) or the Global Information Assurance Certification (GIAC) Global Industrial Cyber Security Professional (GICSP) were listed on 64% of positions. Knowledge of OT or IT frameworks and standards and strong communication skills were listed on 48% of positions, while programming expertise, possession of a United States security clearance, and knowledge of OT or IT networking protocols were required for 18%, 24%, and 27% of positions, respectively. A work travel requirement was listed on 29% of positions. Individuals seeking to enter the OT cybersecurity field, and educational programs focusing on training OT cybersecurity professionals should prioritize obtaining experience, education, and certification, possessing strong communication skills, and knowledge of relevant OT and IT industry standards and frameworks.

Background: School-based health centers (SBHCs) have the capability to overcome youth barriers to care. Virtual care programs (VCP) facilitate connection between school nurse and off-site SBHC providers and can increase the reach of SBHCs. This project aimed to examine Denver Public School nurses' perspectives of a pilot VCP. Methods: Thirteen semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted and coded using an inductive approach to identify key themes. Results: Four major themes emerged: (1) obtaining consent, finding space, and capacity are challenges and nurses have suggestions; (2) nurses enjoy feeling like a valued member of a health care team, and providing additional resources to students; (3) nurses perceive benefits in providing free, efficient, higher level of care; (4) adopting novel technology is a facilitator and challenge; limitations included space and privacy. Conclusions: Key findings can be utilized to further inform practice.

While Indigenous knowledges have long recognised forests as sentient and caring societies, western sciences have only acknowledged that trees communicate, learn and care for one another in recent years. These different ways of coming to know and engage with trees as sentient agents are further complicated by the introduction of digital technologies and automated decision-making into forest ecosystems. This article considers this confluence of forest sentience and digital technologies through a "pedagogy and ethic of immanent care" as a relational framework for analysis and praxis in environmental education. The authors apply this framework to three key examples along Birrarung Marr, an ancient gathering place and urban parklands in the city of Naarm (Melbourne). These include an immersive theatre-making project exploring forest communication networks with young children; the Melbourne Urban Forest data set, which hosts digital profiles for over 70,000 trees; and the Greenline masterplan which aims to revitalise the north bank of the Birrarung over the next five years. Exploring the ethical and pedagogical contours of these examples leads to propositions for rethinking the role of environmental education in navigating the current confluence of animal, vegetal, fungal and digital life.

Military Families and the Arts is an ArcGIS StoryMaps collection that serves military families by mapping art museums and arts centers located near active-duty military installations. The interactive maps are organized by military branch and browsable by an alphabetical list of active-duty military installations. The ArcGIS StoryMaps collection serves three primary functions: to assist military spouses pursuing a career in the arts with finding a comprehensive list of potential employers, to assist military dependents with finding arts-related opportunities to network into their current or new communities, and to assist military families with finding art-related activities near their military installation in the continental United States.

After the Cold War period, with the restructuring of the world, globalization, the revolution in information technology and the reconstruction of capitalism have created a new type of society, the "network society". The dependence of countries on information technologies, especially the internet, has increased day by day, and it has become almost impossible for individuals, state institutions and private companies to continue their activities independently of cyberspace, which is described as the fifth operational area. This situation has made it a critical priority to ensure the physical and cyber security of nuclear power plants, which carry the energy burden of the societies and at the same time pose great security risks. In this period, states, state-sponsored and radical terrorist groups that wanted to close the power deficit against military and economically strong states, started to develop asymmetric methods of struggle. In the end new threat vectors such as cyber terrorism have emerged and states that have moved many institutions and services to cyberspace have become more vulnerable to malicious attacks and terrorist activities. In this study, the concept of terrorism and cyber terrorism have been examined and focused on the SCADA systems of nuclear power plants and in the last section cyber security of these systems have been evaluated. This Implementation of this model aims to simplify the process for all organizations in the Nuclear Sector--regardless of their size, cybersecurity risk, or current level of cybersecurity sophistication--to apply the principles and best practices of risk management. Ultimately, the framework and this implementation model are focused on helping individual organizations reduce and better manage their cybersecurity risks, contributing to a more secure and resilient sector overall. The main goal in this work is to improve SCADA system vulnarabilities, show terror groups abilities and present suggestions to safeguard nuclear plants.

This article is a reflection on my personal experience as a practitioner in the field of educational leadership when resistance resulted from restructuring the dismissal procedure in my school. This reflection is primarily drawing upon the four-frame approach of Bolman and Deal (2017) in their book, "Reframing Organizations: Artistry, Choice, and Leadership." The article explores the full description of the case, an analysis focused on me and my understanding of the case, and a reframing process based on the premise Bolman and Deal offer in their book. Throughout my self-reflection on this case, I develop options that add choice to the framework, which can be applied when reframing is required for a similar educational organization. When examining the prevailing resistance toward restructuring the dismissal plan, my focus falls primarily on three frames that I consider in this article. First, there is the structural frame, which includes a sharp vision and significance of goals, roles, formal relationships, and rationality. Second, there is the symbolic frame, which often conveys the symbols, rituals, and ceremonies that create meaning and belief. Third, the political frame discusses power, conflict, networks, and building coalitions. The analysis reveals there is no one answer to a specific problem. Accordingly, the article urges organizational leaders to apply a comprehensive perspective as a key strategy to avoid failure when responding to a single problem.

A distance education Diploma and Bachelor's degree in Mathematics and Science programs are faced with low enrollment and graduation rate as well as high attrition of students. The aforementioned challenges are attributed to students' satisfaction and continuance intention. However, students' satisfaction and continuance intention toward distance education programs are as a result of certain antecedents. This modeled the determinants of satisfaction and program continuance intention by the distance education students on the math and science programs. Based on this, a quantitative approach based on a census survey was adopted and data collected from 113 students through a questionnaire and analyzed using a structural equation modeling approach based on partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). The results of the study showed that two key antecedents: student-instructor interaction, and study center physical facilities determine program satisfaction of mathematics and science distance students. However, administrative support of the program determined instructional modules; facilitation quality was predicted by both instructional modules and laboratory facilities. Finally, students program continuance intention was predicted by satisfaction of the program. Based on the findings, recommendations were made for policy and practice toward improving students' satisfaction and promote positive intention in pursuant of mathematics and science education program by distance mode.

Immanent pedagogy reveals the structure of knowledge and also studies the structure of discipline. Immanent pedagogy is possible when we succeed in becoming and in becoming-other as a process of encountering and conjoining with others and with diverse ideas. Minority is one practice of becoming-other. It involves the ability to conceive the viewpoint of a real or imagined social standpoint, thus, minority is a political act that seeks to undermine the action of an oppressive power and to resist its vigorous authority. In this article we describe the creation of a learning space with young women in social exclusion through the practices of immanent pedagogy, becoming-other and minority. Through these practices we identified major preconditions for implementing immanent pedagogy with this excluded population. The article proposes a conceptual theoretical framework to illuminate the practical implementations that are essential for future educational work with populations in distress who experience social exclusion.

This article focuses on the relationship between elite British boarding schools and the overseas branches ('satellites') that they have established around the world. While British schools are categorised as charities, the satellites are operated as commercial ventures through subsidiaries. The UK-based schools can thus profit from the export of their 'brands', extracting capital from their satellites overseas and channelling it back to the UK. Drawing on interviews with staff of these satellite schools and on documentary analysis (including Charity Commission reports), we use the lens of racial capitalism to analyse the relationships between British elite schools and their overseas branches. We argue that through their overseas operations, British elite schools engage in extractive practices and are complicit in processes of enclosure and dispossession. These processes are premised along racialised lines and ultimately ensure that the promised 'British eliteness' remains out of reach for those who subsidise its social reproduction.

A range of structural, interpersonal and individual factors contribute to the extent to which people can access higher education and experience inclusion and equity once there. This paper considers the experiences of parents in higher education settings, and examines the extent to which universities in two countries support parents' inclusion through the facilities and services evident on their campus maps. The inclusion of such parent-related facilities and services on campus maps reflects not only a commitment to providing support infrastructure, but importantly to making them visible, promoting a culture of normalisation of parents and parenting in higher education. We used manifest content analysis to examine the campus maps of Australia's n = 37 and New Zealand's n = 8 public universities, with a total of 281 distinct physical sites identified. Childcare services, parents' rooms, baby change tables, nursing areas and parking-related services were identified, although the prevalence within and across sites varied greatly. A lack of clarity in labelling and inconsistency across different modes of maps pose barriers to access and visibility in some cases, and overall, reporting of parenting-related infrastructure was limited. Our analysis indicates that parents attending university campuses may face ongoing challenges as they navigate their dual academic and parenting responsibilities.

The current study proposes a taxonomy to organize existing knowledge on cybercrimes against critical infrastructure such as power plants, water treatment facilities, dams, and nuclear facilities. Routine Activity Theory is used to inform a three-dimensional taxonomy with the following dimensions: hacker motivation (likely offender), cyber, physical, and cyber-physical components of any cyber-physical system (suitable target), and security (capable guardian). The focus of the study is to develop and evaluate the classification tool using Design Science Research (DSR) methodology. Publicly available data was used to evaluate the utility and usability of the proposed artifact by exploring three possible scenarios -- Stuxnet, the Ukrainian power grid shut down, and ransomware attacks. While similar taxonomies exist, none of them have been verified due to the sensitive nature of the data and this would be one of the first empirically validated frameworks to explore cyberattacks against critical infrastructure. By better understanding these attacks, we can be better prepared to prevent and respond to incidents.

This study investigates preservice science teachers' informal reasoning and scientific habits of mind about hydroelectric power plants. The sample of the study consists of 587 preservice science teachers who studied in four different universities in the Eastern Black Sea region of Turkey. Data were collected through a questionnaire that consists of four open-ended questions regarding a hydroelectric power plant construction and the scientific habits of mind scale. Content analysis was used to analyze the questionnaire. The same data were then subjected to quantitative descriptive analysis. In the analysis of quantitative data, the Jamovi program was used. Independent samples t-test was used to determine the relationship between scientific habits of mind and informal reasoning. Results indicated that the preservice science teachers mostly used ecological-oriented informal reasoning mode, and counterarguments were the least created argument component. Preservice science teachers' the least used informal reasoning mode was social-oriented. Informal reasoning quality of students with high scientific habits of mind score was found to be high, but no significant difference was found between the total number of informal reasoning modes and scientific habits of mind scores. In line with the results, implications were provided for preservice science teacher education.

Contemporary design education seeks to prepare students for the workplace through studiobased learning that replicates real world practice. Design problems in the workplace have become increasingly complex and one example of this is within the area of design for healthcare, which requires multidisciplinary collaboration between various stakeholders to build knowledge in order to create new products, services systems and spaces. The complexity of these roles creates challenges for design educators in preparing students for the workplace. This paper presents a hybrid approach to address this challenge by presenting a real-world approach to design education. This entails a bottom-up approach to facilitate design research in a clinical setting to gather rich insights and needs of the clinical setting along with a top-down industry collaboration with sponsored briefs to guide students through the requirements of developing solutions in a heavily regulated field. The paper outlines examples of this process and how it was achieved in a blended model that was predominantly online in response to the changed environment caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. The advantages of this model are threefold, students gain deep knowledge and skills through collaborating with a variety of stakeholders within health care, they gain the opportunity to validate their designs through testing and feedback with these partners and lastly students develop the connections to create opportunities for further partnerships and employment.

Background: Deinstitutionalization research shows better services and outcomes relative to institutional life but has not compared formerly institutionalised and never-institutionalised service users. Methods: We used propensity score matching (PSM) to match formerly institutionalised and never-institutionalised participants on six personal characteristics. Data came from the 2018 to 2019 National Core Indicators In-Person Survey. We excluded current institution residents, and states with 25% + of missing data on former institutionalisation. Results: Overall, 15.5% of participants in the 29-state full sample had lived in an institution for 1 year or more. Findings from the PSM sample showed that former-institution residents were more likely to use congregate living arrangements and less likely to live with family. They experienced more loneliness, less support-related choice, and had a consistent pattern of disability service-focused social connections. Conclusions: Many former institution residents remain disadvantaged relative to matched peers. There is a need to identify factors to enhance services and outcomes following deinstitutionalization.

The increased awareness of the impact of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and consumption of fossil fuels on the environment has led to world-wide research focused on sustainable transportation solutions. University campuses are one of the affected environments involved in this issue as a high dependency on private vehicles causes' traffic congestion in the campus area particularly during peak hours leading to concerns about parking especially for the established universities. Therefore, alternative transport solutions should be considered in minimizing the environmental consequences specifically within the campus area. This study aims to examine the extent of sustainable transportation practices implemented by a university campus in a developing country, Malaysia and Indonesia. A survey methodology was applied using self-administered questionnaires as the main technique of data collection. Both, UiTM Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia and Universitas Negeri Semarang, Indonesia are selected as the sample study and the target observations are focused on the transportation pathway which includes transportation modes, passengers, terminal and parking space. The study is expected to enrich the existing sustainable model of Stakeholder Theory to deliver a more robust competency model to provide solutions in creating sustainable transportation in university campuses. Subsequently, the outcome would support Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs 2030), Mid-term Review of the Eleventh Malaysia Plan [2016-2020], Indonesia's long-term development plan to phase IV period 2020-2025 through better adoption of low- carbon supply chain practices in order to reduce GHG emission. This is in line with Malaysia and Indonesia's commitment in being a key part of the global transition to a low-carbon, and eventually carbon- neutral society by 2050.

The COVID-19 pandemic has been the source of large-scale disruption to the work practices of university staff, across the UK and globally. This article reports the experiences of n = 4731 professional services staff (PSS) working in UK universities and their experiences of pandemic-related work disruption. It specifically focuses on a transition to remote-working as a consequence of social restrictions and campus closures, presenting both quantitative and qualitative findings that speak to the various spatio-relational impacts of PSS working at distance from university campuses. These survey findings contribute to a new narrative of work organisation in higher education which addresses the potential of remote-working as a means for boundary crossing, social connectedness and trust relationships in universities in the immediate context and strongly anticipated post-pandemic future.

The purpose of this study was to characterize science and non-science majors' mental models of nuclear power plants through their drawings. For this purpose, a total of 27 "Theology" and 26 "Science Education" college students were participated in the study. To collect data, students were first asked to state their decisions about the construction of nuclear power plant in the city they live, and then to think about nuclear power plants in their minds and draw the revived images on a paper. Data were analyzed through content analysis based on the SEE-STEP model. Findings revealed that religious beliefs and/or education may affect college students' reactions to nuclear power plants. That is, while most theology majors approached the construction of nuclear power plants positively, majority of science education majors did not. Theology majors referred mostly to economy in their drawings, while science education majors mostly to environment. Regardless of the program of study, on the other hand, the codes emerged from the drawings were mostly about environment, which was followed by technology, economics and science. Ethics was the least common subject area referred in the drawings of the students from both programs of study.

The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of a constructivist teaching intervention on 6th grade students' cognitive progress on large-scale Energy Generation Systems (EGS), specifically on a Thermal Power Plant (TPP). This intervention was designed according to the constructivist approach for teaching and learning science, and it can be described as an autonomous teaching module appropriate for an elementary science curriculum. With the application of this intervention in real classroom settings, the majority of students were able to construct sufficient technological and scientific knowledge in order to describe and explain the operation of a TPP in qualitative energy terms, as our research data ascertained.

We explored the potential for addressing nature of science through a historic narrative about disagreement between researchers concerning a socio-scientific issue, incidence of juvenile thyroid cancer following the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear accident. The narrative was developed from authentic sources and tested in two cycles. Eight groups of three to four high-school students were audio recorded. Transcripts were analyzed regarding what nature of science emerged in the discussions and what understanding about NOS could be discerned, using three complementary NOS-frameworks (Consensus-NOS, Whole Science-NOS, FRA-NOS). Together, the student groups touched upon 19 different NOS-themes as they tried to make sense of the disagreement related in the narrative. All groups addressed a common core of NOS-themes, most of which were central to the narrative itself, although some themes that were not part of the narrative also emerged. Students displayed a basic understanding of the tentative, empirical, and subjective nature of science together with the role of evidential relevance and completeness of evidence related to the choice of scientific methods. On the other hand, students did not reckon with peer review as a means for establishing knowledge and resolving disagreement. Moreover, although students readily accepted disagreement as a basic property of science, they had difficulty handling this disagreement when coping with the SSI in the narrative. We discuss how the combination of history of science-in-the-making and SSI in narrative form offers opportunities to teach NOS without risking simplified messages of how scientific knowledge develops or how science can be used to address socio-scientific issues.

Academic libraries are fundamental in promoting equitable access to education but are often overlooked and underfunded. The COVID-19 pandemic amplified these inequities. This study investigates how 39 library deans and directors perceived decision-making by university administration during COVID-19's onset. Open-ended survey questions were sent to deans and directors asking them to describe their experiences working with university administration to adjust library services during the crisis. Some library leaders reported that working closely with other departments strengthened their campus connections. Others commented that disagreement between library personnel and university administration caused discord. Some deans and directors were forced to cut staff funding or felt pressured to reopen, while others were trusted to choose their budget and service priorities. The authors recommend that library leaders be more consistently relied upon for their expertise during university decision-making.

Gender-inclusive housing (GIH) continues to grow as an option for consideration at colleges and universities across the U.S. A follow-up to a 2016 study by Taub and colleagues was conducted to gauge and assess developmental growth trends of GIH within campus housing. A majority of 184 participants (n = 129) reported that their institution has either implemented a full or trial GIH program, while another quarter (n = 48) reported being in the discussion stage. Only six respondents reported not having considered GIH at all in their housing procedures. These data show that, compared to the conclusions of previous studies, a more pronounced movement toward implementation of GIH is occurring beyond the stage of simple discussions. The most common obstacles that institutions reported about the implementation of GIH were parent/family concerns, public relations concerns, and lack of suitable housing facilities. Similar to the 2016 study by Taub and colleagues, current policies related to gender-inclusive housing at participating institutions were further analyzed. [The discussion questions at the close of this article were developed by Kayley Carter and Lauren Oliver.]

Environmental sustainability in sport is an increasingly important issue. In this paper, we want to highlight a specific phenomenon, namely artificially constructed landscapes and the outdoor sport activities that take place therein. More specifically, we are interested in the logics that govern peoples' practice of sport in such artificial landscapes and what challenges with regards to environmental sustainability that follow from these logics. The purpose of this paper is to identify what individual athletes perceive as meaningful logics when practicing sport in artificial landscapes and to analyse and discuss potential environmental consequences of these logics. The sports we focus on are cross-country skiing and canoe slalom, two sports that historically have been dependent on specific geographies and contexts. We build on two research questions: What logics of practice govern individual athletes' practice of sport in artificial landscapes? And what environmental challenges are potential consequences of the logics that are expressed by the athletes? Our findings indicate that the logic of performance is dominant for the sport practitioners who train in artificial landscapes, at the expense of perspectives such as nature experience and environmental sustainability. If performance is key, then the role of the training landscape is also first and foremost to present the best possible conditions for performance. But if the athlete/exerciser see their training as a means of experiencing nature, then other values than performance and comparability can become more important. When the environmental impact of individual athletes and of the artificial landscapes in which they do their training come under increased scrutiny, the role of logics of practice in the sport and movement culture needs further attention. Being aware of nature and the environment is also a logic that could be found meaningful in the process of making sports more sustainable.

The COVID-19 pandemic made being socially distant an essential practice to upskill employees. As employers incorporate measures to keep employees socially distant from one another, they also need to consider technology to make this practice possible. Our project with a large state-wide, multi-campus food bank (FB) in the pacific northwest occurred during the late summer and early fall of 2020. The FB partnered with our group of three graduate students and one faculty member to improve self-audits of their coolers. This project used technology and rapid prototyping to design an instructional intervention that allowed social distancing in a workplace where employees were required to be present. We conducted a front-end analysis including training requirements, learner and environmental analysis and task analysis. This article describes the process of the analyses and design of instructional materials that allowed the FB to scale their audit process to their other warehouses.

A powerful way to build students' mathematical power and agency is through Teaching Mathematics for Social Justice (TMfSJ), where students read and write the world with mathematics (Gutstein, 2005). Reading the world with mathematics uses mathematics to understand relations of power, resource inequities, and disparate opportunities between different social groups and to understand explicit discrimination based on race, class, gender, language, and other differences, while writing the world with mathematics involves taking action (Gutstein & Peterson, 2013). In this article, the authors share one teacher's story of how she used her students' interests to uncover reasons for the economic inequalities and fair access to sports at their local high school.

As revenue uncertainties, an increased questioning of the value of higher education, and a decrease in the number of students graduating from high school have created a challenging landscape for higher education leaders, never has it been so important for colleges and universities to think like a business in order to attract and enroll enough students to meet budget needs. Providing positive campus visits to prospective students and their families can increase the likelihood of application and enrollment. The purpose of this practice brief is to provide a road map of how admissions/enrollment management and facilities management can provide that positive campus visit experience. It is based on research outlining the importance of the campus visit and how facilities and the overall physical space can impact student views of an institution. Beyond, it takes an environmental/systems approach to how two areas that are likely not under the same hierarchical reporting lines can work together to achieve an institutional goal.

Making the most out of a short-term study abroad program is vital for students who are investing in an experience they hope will benefit them personally and academically. This study explores participants' counterfactual understandings of a three-week short-term study abroad program focusing on content and English as an additional language learning for Japanese undergraduate students at a university in British Columbia, Canada. It identifies what participants wish they had known about where they were going and what they would have done if they had known that information. Qualitative methods were used to gather written narrative data from 37 participants and analyze that data for themes emerging from the participants' counterfactual reflections. Results point to six themes related to the participants' unexpected short-term study abroad experiences: food and drink, facilities, money matters, shopping, climate and geography, and community characteristics. On reflection, if the students had known more about those themes, they may have prepared differently for their trip and they might have had different experiences during the program. To prepare students to get the most out of a short-term study abroad program, pre-departure activities making use of inquiry and task-based/experiential learning are recommended.

The study investigated the availability of reformation programmes for prisoners in North-West Nigeria. Descriptive survey was adopted as the design for the study. The population comprised the entire prison inmates, prison officials, lawyers and human rights activists (stakeholders) in the North West Nigeria (Jigawa, Kaduna, Kano, Katsina, Kebbi, Sokoto and Zamfara states). The target population comprised the stakeholders from the selected states (Kaduna, Katsina, Jigawa and Kano). Stratified random sampling was used in the study. Out of the seven states, four were selected randomly, and 13 prisons were covered by the study. A total number of 1,338 respondents (1,068 inmates; 200 prison officials; 50 lawyers; and 20 human rights activists) were used for the study. The total population of inmates in the sampled prisons as at April 2017 was 3443. Out of this, 1068 inmates were selected proportionately to respond to the instrument. Researcher designed questionnaires were used for this study. A questionnaire is dedicated to each of the stakeholders. The validity of the instruments was ascertained using content and construct validity. The reliability of the instruments were determined through the use of internal consistency approach based on Cronbach Alpha. Forty inmates were used for the pilot study. The data collected from the study was analysed using descriptive statistics. Mean and standard deviation were used to answer research questions. The hypothesis was tested using chi-square. Findings of the study revealed that out of the five indicators for measuring reformation provisions, the only one described as available was religious education. While other indicators such as facilities, personnel and reading materials; educational continuity and motivation; remedial and adult education; and vocational education were described as not available. The study recommended that libraries should be provided in all prisons; to motivate inmates who excel in academics with scholarship opportunities during and after jail term; and the NPS should involve more private and public organizations in the area of training and development of inmates.

The purpose of the study was to explore the requirements of schools to increase intergenerational learning, collaboration and solidarity amongst the Baby Boomers, X and Y generations, based on the views of school principals. The research focused on how to create spaces for interaction among different generations and what consequences will arise when intergenerational spaces are created. This study was conducted with phenomenological research design. The study group consisted of 12 school principals who were identified with the maximum diversity sampling technique from Kocaeli Province, Dilovasi District. Criteria used in the selection of school principals were to work as managers in different schools and in different school types. The data were collected with a semi-structured interview form and the content analysis method was used. Interview questions were determined by researchers in the direction of research questions. Creation of intergenerational space is the main topic of this study whereas subtopics are scope and opportunities. On the other hand, findings collected indicate that principals mention intramural and out of school events about the creation of intergenerational space. These events are met under the titles of sports, art, entertainments and educational space. Finally, the results of creating spaces were examined in the study.

This study aims to analyze whether academics' organizational cynicism attitudes and levels of organizational identification in the field of sports sciences differ based on certain variables and determine if any relationship exists between these two variables. "Organizational Cynicism Scale" and "Academics' Organizational Cynicism Scale" were applied to 106 academics as a data collection tool. Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal Wallis test were used for nonparametric statistical data analysis. Bonferroni correction was taken into account in order to identify different groups. Spearman order correlation coefficient was calculated in order to identify the correlations among variables. The findings suggest that academics' organizational cynicism and identification sub-dimensions did not display significant differences in terms of gender, marital status and academic title. However, significant differences were found among some sub-dimensions in terms of sufficiency of institution's physical facilities, the status of place where the institution is located and financial aid from the institution. Additionally, negative and moderately significant correlations were found between all sub-dimensions of organization cynicism attitude and cognitive/behavioral/affective organizational identification sub-dimensions. It is considered that the present study will make important contributions to educational psychology thanks to its findings.

The aim of this study was to investigate the lighting systems of artificial turf football fields of public and private sectors and to reveal and compare the current situation with the ideal one that it should be. 21 artificial football fields, 6 artificial turf football fields out of 9 from public sector and 15 artificial turf football fields out of 85 from privately owned organizations, have been examined in five province of Turkey. The general standards and the compliance to these standards by the present artificial turf football fields in terms of lighting of the place were studied. Data were evaluated with using descriptive analysis technic. Artificial football fields taken into consideration by researchers and experts were subjected to observation along with measurement. It was confirmed that out of 6 public and 15 private, totally out of 21 artificial turf football fields, 38% (8 of them) were below the minimum lighting level, 19% (4 of them) were at minimum lighting level and 43% (9 of them) were below average lighting level. As a result, for a competition to be played, brightness level should be at least 150 lx < E < 500 lx. It was found out that, out of 6 public sector and 15 privately owned artificial football fields, 62% was on the minimum brightness level and the other 38% was even under minimum brightness level. It was confirmed that 4 out of 6 (67%) officially owned artificial turf football fields and 9 out of 15 (60%), privately owned artificial football fields were on minimum brightness level. It was also determined that 1 out of 6 (17%) officially owned Astroturf Football Fields and 5 out of 15 (33%) privately owned Astroturf Football Fields were between minimum and average brightness levels.

The purpose of this study is to examine university students' perceived social support level in recreational activity participation. 536 students who were selected from 3 different universities using convenience sampling participated in the study voluntarily. As data collection form; Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS-R) and Preference Factors of Recreation Areas (PFRA) scale were used. For the analyses of the data; descriptive statistics, Independent Samples T Test used for two groups depending on the number of the variables and One Way ANOVA used for groups more than two were used. In order to find out which group demonstrated the difference found as a result of variance analyses, Tukey test -one of the multiple comparison tests- was used. In terms of recreational activity participation, the most effective factor in students' average scores of perceived social support scale was peer support (2.690±0.372) while the least effective factor was teacher support (2.033±0.535). Total average score was found to be 2.441±0.274. The most effective factor in students' average scores of Recreation Area Preference Agents Scale was sporting diversity (4.448±0.776) and staff (4.128±0.681) and these factors were followed by physical facilities (3.736±0.562), location (3.185±0.647) and activity diversity (3.074±0.586); respectively. Besides, there were significant differences in perceived social support levels of the study group in terms of gender and accommodation variables. It was concluded that the highest support for students' recreational activity participation came from their peers while the lowest support was obtained from teachers. It may be argued that students staying at public dormitories used recreational areas built by municipalities more than other students. It was identified that criterion that all the student groups put the biggest emphasis on while preferring recreation areas was sporting diversity offered by the recreation areas.

ESP textbook plays an important role in facilitating students to develop their profession-related language skills. However, ESP textbooks published in China are less developed and often criticized as ignoring the training of language skills. This research aims to reveal the specific problems of China's ESP textbooks by conducting a multiple-case study. Three ESP textbooks used by ESP courses participants from G University in China were selected: "Computer Professional English Course" "Advertising English" and "Logistics English". The research investigated their performance focusing on six aspects: coverage of language skills, text features, coverage of discourse functions, recycling, organization and difficulty. The content was analyzed by three different corpus tools. It is found that the three textbooks place too much emphasis on reading and vocabulary, lacking the training of listening skill, speaking skill, as well as the delivery of certain learning strategies. All three textbooks involve a wide range of discourse functions. The texts are informative academic texts, but organized by subject matter only, rather than a synthesis of subject matter, language points and language skills. There is scarce recycling of language points in two of the books and texts through all of them do not indicate a rising difficulty. It is concluded that the drawbacks of the three ESP textbooks far outweigh their merits. By uncovering problems of three ESP textbooks in China the research provides useful reference for future ESP textbook compilation.

The purpose of this study to adapt to Turkish version by applying validity and reliability test of Leisure Constraint Questionnaire (LCQ) developed by Alexander and Carroll (1997). 214 (62.4%) men and 129 (37.6%) women, total of 343 people was participated to the study working as public officers in Igdir. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), Reliability Analysis and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was applied to Turkish version of the scale after translated to Turkish. When the EFA results are examined Anti Imaj Correlation (AIC) cross correlation coefficients of all items greater than 0.5 and It has been decided to use all items in the analysis. After Principal Component Analaysis (PCA), there are 7 factors with eigenvalue greater than 1 and the contribution of these factors to the total variance is 56.806% were determined. The factors belonging to the items were determined by Rotated Component Matrix (VARIMAX). The tests of Cronbach's Alpha (CA), Spearman-Brown Correlation (SBC) and Guttman Split Half Correlation (GSHC) were performed for reliability of the scale. The value of CA: 0.876, SBC: 0.754 and GSHC: 0.754 were found for the all items. Comparative Fit Index (CFI), Goodness-of-fit index (GFI) and he Normed Fit Index (NFI) were used for the CFA. As a result of CFA analysis; the value of CFI: 0.94, GFI: 0.96 and NFI: 0.93 were found. It has been concluded that the scale of adaptation to Turkish is valid and reliable and also it was composed of 7 factors and 29 items like original scale.

There are a variety of discrete facility location models that have practical relevance for operations management and management science courses. Integer linear programming (ILP) is the standard technique for solving such problems. An alternative approach that is often conceptually appealing to students is to pose the problem as one of finding the best possible subset of p facilities out of n possible candidates. I developed an Excel workbook that allows students to interactively evaluate the quality of different subsets, to run a VBA macro that finds the optimal subset, or to solve an ILP formulation that finds the optimal subset. Spreadsheets are available for five classic discrete location models: (1) the location set-covering problem, (2) the maximal covering location problem, (3) the p-median problem, (4) the p-centers problem, and (5) the simple plant location problem. The results from an assignment in a master's-level business analytics course indicate that the workbook facilitates a better conceptual understanding of the precise nature of the discrete facility location problems by showing that they can be solved via enumeration of all possible combinations of p subsets that can be drawn from n candidate locations. More important, students directly observe the superiority of ILP as a solution approach as n increases and as p approaches n/2.

The center-of-gravity, Weber, and rectilinear minisum problems are common exemplars in single-facility (single-source) continuous location theory and the first of these is covered in many operations management (OM) textbooks. Extensions to multiple-facility (or multisource) continuous location problems are seldom covered in OM textbooks. I have developed an Excel workbook for analyzing multisource extensions of each of the three single-source location problems. The workbook can be used in OM courses for several purposes, which include: (i) illustrating the basic principles of single-source continuous location theory, (ii) highlighting solution differences that might result from different assumptions concerning distance measurement, and, most importantly, (iii) demonstrating the more complex multisource continuous location problems that require positioning of multiple-source facilities and the assignment of demand sites to those facilities.

Alcohol misuse among young adults remains a primary public health concern given the wide range of short- and long-term physical, social, and societal consequences of the behavior. On-premise drinking establishments, which allow alcohol consumption on site (i.e., bars), are frequent locations for young adult alcohol use. Risks for alcohol misuse within the bar setting are key factors to identify for prevention. Notably, alcohol price and promotions are associated with alcohol consumption among young adults. This study sought to develop and pilot test an observational protocol to assess the alcohol environment at on-premise drinking establishments. Following qualitative exploration of salient risk factors in these settings through focus groups with young adults, an observational tool was adapted and tested in a feasibility study. The refined tool was then pilot tested with two independent data collectors conducting natural observation at 13 establishments in the downtown nightlife district of a small, southeastern city. High interrater reliability was noted. Descriptive summary statistics of bar characteristics demonstrate low alcohol prices with variability across types of alcohol (e.g., beer, wine, and liquor), greater numbers of alcohol promotions inside rather than outside the building, and higher rates of manual versus electronic age verification procedures. Observational assessment of alcohol price and marketing at on-premise drinking establishments as described in this study is needed to inform prevention policy and programs to reduce harms associated with young adult alcohol misuse.

The numerous ecological catastrophes of the twentieth century caused by humans have found their way into mass culture. Among them is the Chornobyl nuclear accident that took place in Ukraine in 1986. This disaster became a subject of reflection not only in Ukrainian literature but also in world films and computer games. Along with other works on the nuclear theme in world literature, books by Ukrainian writers for children and young adults (YA) such as Leonid Daien's "Chornobyl -- trava girka" ("Chornobyl -- the Bitter Grass") or Yevhen Hutsalo's "Dity Chornobylia" ("Children of Chornobyl") that depict the Chornobyl accident and its consequences for Ukrainians. I explore the Chornobyl catastrophe concept in the above-mentioned books as well as in the cartoon "Travel-book. Ukraine. Ghost Town" and in the game "S.T.A.L.K.E.R." I claim that Ukrainian works on the Chornobyl theme belong to the genre of ecofiction as a warning to humanity about the negative effects of human behavior on the ecosystem, based on ecocritical theory referred to by Buell, Dwyer, and others. My position is that the Chornobyl nuclear theme in children's literature is centered closely on the cultural memory of Ukrainians. In reference to Erll's interpretation of cultural memory as the interplay of present and past in socio-cultural contexts, I consider cultural memory in children's literature as a need to deal with the traumatic experience of the Chornobyl nuclear accident and ethnocide of Ukrainians in their colonial past. My analysis then focuses on the investigation of how these concepts are implemented in children's books, films, and games, via their imagery.

The purpose of this paper sought to develop a collaborative framework that provides wine bottling facilities, wine cellars and their direct supply chain partner guidelines to facilitate a collaborative partnership -- aiming to aid responsive decision making and improve reliability. The framework was developed using a triangulation approach, consisting of an in-depth literature review, 14 semi-structured interviews with industry experts and a theoretical case study. The developed framework was presented to wine bottling facilities and their supply chain stakeholders. Indication are that the proposed wine industry collaborative framework should enhance supply chain collaboration and will contribute towards the guidance and facilitation in developing collaboration platforms to align supply chain operations, while improving bottling responsiveness and meeting demand requirements.

This project uses critical place inquiry (Tuck & McKenzie, 2015) to examine the Hanford Site to demonstrate the potential in wild pedagogies to engage not just immaculate and inspiring wildness places but also sites of ruin. Attending to places of ruin can illuminate the ways that the social, historical, and political are intimately intertwined with the ecological. Considering places of ruin, such as Hanford, as part of wild pedagogies and curriculum opens new and necessary ways for students to learn from nature (as co-teacher). Such an approach facilitates the critical examination of our current and past human relationships with nature, the land, the water, and the place itself and has the potential to foster new types of connection, ways of nurturing, and accountability in the world.

Objective: To assess the acceptability, appropriateness, and feasibility of an active break designed to disrupt prolonged sitting in university students. Participants: Students attending lectures in Trinity College Dublin, Ireland. Methods: Participants took part in an active break, which consisted of following a short exercise video lasting [approximately]4 min. They then completed a validated questionnaire consisting of 12 statements with two open-ended questions capturing likes/dislikes. Results: Overall 106 (response rate 96%) predominately female (83%, n = 87), health sciences students (91%, n = 96) participated. Percentage agreement ranged from 93.4% (n = 99) to 96.2% (n = 102) for acceptability, 84.9% (n = 90) to 93.4% (n = 99) for appropriateness, and 80.2% (n = 85) to 96.2% (n = 102) for feasibility. Space constraints and warm temperatures impacted negatively. Conclusion: An active break delivered during lectures is an acceptable and feasible intervention to disrupt sitting in students. Further investigation using a broader representation of the university population is needed prior to implementation.

The overrepresentation of independently educated athletes amongst Team GB at the London 2012 Olympics was described as 'One of the worst statistics in British sport'. Whilst the ensuing debate referred to independent schools "en masse," the sector is far from homogenous. Within the UK independent (private) sector, a small subset of schools has educated a significant number of international sportsmen and women. Despite this record of success however, little research exists on young athletes in independent schools. Answering calls to study independent school sport, this paper uses semi-structured interviews with pupils and staff involved in sport in six independent schools in England to explore why some schools consistently produce international athletes. A dual theory framework combining the Eliasian notions of process and figuration, with Bourdieu's concept of distinction is employed to offer a sociological perspective on the sporting success of the schools studied. The findings reveal striking differences in institutional attractiveness, coaching, the sporting potential of the pupil intake, and facilities between the least and the most successful schools studied, where a number of intra and inter school practices contribute to an increasingly professionalised sporting environment. In concluding, a novel and more variegated perspective on the under researched and often difficult to access field of independent school sport is offered. The proposition being that through reconciliation of the notions of distinction and status rivalry, we are better able to understand the repeated success of some independent schools in supporting the development of talented young athletes.

The day-to-day environment surrounding the child influences its physical, social, and emotional wellbeing. The study was conducted to understand how the perception of children and their parents about the outdoor play spaces influences their outdoor participation. Face-to-face interviews with parents, a walk-along interview with children and audit of public open space were conducted in different neighbourhoods in the city of Pune (India) which differed in social and spatial characteristics. This paper suggests a conceptual framework that defines the setting of participation and factors influencing the motivation of participation in the outdoor environment. The quantitative study of parents' interviews and qualitative analysis of children's sketches highlight different aspects like play and mobility range, open space visitation, activities of children, spatial qualities of the open space and perception of children and their parents. The findings brought forth difference in parents and children's perception of risk in open spaces.