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Background: The position of the dental midline is significant to enhance dentofacial esthetics. This study aimed to assess the closest anatomical landmark to the facial and mouth's midline applicable to dentate male and female Indian youths. Materials and Methods: A full-face photo of 100 males and 100 females with a broad smile showing visible anterior dentition was taken. An esthetic facial frame was developed digitally on the photographs taking the reference of facial anatomical landmarks. Relative facial midline values for nasion, the nose tip, the philtrum tip, and dental midline were obtained. The relative commissural midline value was obtained by dividing the variables by the constant. Statistical analysis: Data were statistically analyzed using the t-test. Results and Conclusions: Anatomic landmarks correlated with facial midline and with the inter-commissural midline (P < 0.01). The nasion is nearest to the facial midline, followed by dental midline, commissure, tip of the philtrum, and nose tip in that order. The anatomic landmarks nearest to the inter-commissural midline are the tip of the philtrum, followed by the dental midline, nasion, and nose tip. The nose tip was the farthest landmark from the face's midline and the inter-commissural midline. In gender-wise comparison, landmarks did not differ significantly (P > 0.05). All the measurements were almost equal in males and females.

Objective:The purpose of the present study was to determine the facial anatomical landmarks, in order of accuracy, closest to the midline of the face, as well as oral cavity midline, and to specify which intraoral anatomical landmarks are closer to the dental midline.Methods:Three commonly used anatomical landmarks including nasion, nose, and philtrum tips were marked clinically in 108 subjects. A frontal full-face digital image was used for midline analysis in accordance with the esthetic frame. Deviations from the facial and oral midlines were measured for the three clinical landmarks. Dental midline was considered as the fourth landmark. Alginate impressions were taken, and casts were analyzed under standardized conditions. The labial frenum and incisive papilla were marked. Cast images were taken and analyzed.Results:Data showed difference between the mean ratios of the selected anatomical landmarks and the facial and oral midlines (p≤0/05). The anatomical landmark hierarchies, in proximity to the facial midline, are commissural midlines, nasion, philtrum tip, nose tip, and dental midline, respectively. The anatomical landmark hierarchies, in proximity to the commissural midline, include dental midline, philtrum tip, nose tip, and nasion. The labial frenum was less deviated from the dental midline than the incisive papilla.Conclusion:With respect to shortcomings, the results showed that all of the anatomical landmarks were deviated from the facial and oral midlines. The order of proximity of the anatomical landmarks to the facial midline was as follows: commissural midline, nasion, philtrum, and dental midline.

Background: The position of the dental midline is significant to enhance dentofacial esthetics. This study aimed to assess the closest anatomical landmark to the facial and mouth's midline applicable to dentate male and female Indian youths. Materials and Methods: A full-face photo of 100 males and 100 females with a broad smile showing visible anterior dentition was taken. An esthetic facial frame was developed digitally on the photographs taking the reference of facial anatomical landmarks. Relative facial midline values for nasion, the nose tip, the philtrum tip, and dental midline were obtained. The relative commissural midline value was obtained by dividing the variables by the constant. Statistical analysis: Data were statistically analyzed using the t-test. Results and Conclusions: Anatomic landmarks correlated with facial midline and with the inter-commissural midline (P < 0.01). The nasion is nearest to the facial midline, followed by dental midline, commissure, tip of the philtrum, and nose tip in that order. The anatomic landmarks nearest to the inter-commissural midline are the tip of the philtrum, followed by the dental midline, nasion, and nose tip. The nose tip was the farthest landmark from the face's midline and the inter-commissural midline. In gender-wise comparison, landmarks did not differ significantly (P > 0.05). All the measurements were almost equal in males and females. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Prosthodontic rehabilitation aims to achieve the best possible facial esthetic appearance for a patient. Attaining facial symmetry forms the basic element for esthetics, and knowledge of the midline of face will result in a better understanding of dentofacial esthetics. Currently, there are no guidelines that direct the choice of specific anatomic landmarks to determine the midline of the face or mouth. Most clinicians choose one specific anatomic landmark and an imaginary line passing through it. Thus, the clinician is left with no established guidelines to determine facial midline. Objective: The purpose of the study is to digitally determine the relationship of facial landmarks with midline of face and formulate a guideline for choosing anatomic landmark among Punjabi population. Materials and Methods: Three commonly used anatomic landmarks, namely nasion, tip of the nose, and tip of the philtrum, were marked clinically on 100 participants (age range: 21–45 years). Frontal full-face digital images of the participants in smile were then made under standardized conditions. Midline analysis was carried out digitally using an image analyzing software. The entire process of midline analysis was done by a single observer and repeated twice. Reliability analysis and one-sample t-tests were conducted. Results: The results indicated that each of the four landmarks deviated uniquely and significantly (P < 0.001) from the midlines of the face as well as the mouth. Conclusions: Within the limitations of the study, the hierarchy of anatomic landmarks closest to the midline of the face in smile was as follows: (1) Intercommissural midlines, (2) Tip of philtrum, (3) Nasion, (4) Tip of the nose, and (5) Dental midlines. The hierarchy of anatomical landmarks closest to the intercommissural/mouth midline was: (1) Tip of philtrum, (2) Tip of the nose, (3) Nasion, and (4) dental midline.

Complete denture is a dental prosthesis that replaces the entire dentition and associated structures of maxilla and mandible. Its Function is to restore esthetics, mastication and speech. Various outcomes in the treatment of complete denture in edentulous patients involve a complex array of different factors which determine the accuracy of complete denture. Due to various reasons complete dentures may encounter changes from trial stage to insertion. This change may occur due to processing or handling. The present study aims to assess the differences in complete denture from try in anterior teeth position to insertion anterior teeth position with regard to midline shift and plane deviation and using chi square test statistical significance was observed. The study was carried out in Saveetha dental college, Chennai, patients data was collected from inhouse digital data bank. The data of documented evidence treated by the undergraduate students were retrieved and analysed for differences. The study reveals that there are incidences which had changes from the try in step to clinical insertion step with regard to anterior teeth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The purpose of the present study was to determine the facial anatomical landmarks, in order of accuracy, closest to the midline of the face, as well as oral cavity midline, and to specify which intraoral anatomical landmarks are closer to the dental midline. Methods: Three commonly used anatomical landmarks including nasion, nose, and philtrum tips were marked clinically in 108 subjects. A frontal full-face digital image was used for midline analysis in accordance with the esthetic frame. Deviations from the facial and oral midlines were measured for the three clinical landmarks. Dental midline was considered as the fourth landmark. Alginate impressions were taken, and casts were analyzed under standardized conditions. The labial frenum and incisive papilla were marked. Cast images were taken and analyzed. Results: Data showed difference between the mean ratios of the selected anatomical landmarks and the facial and oral midlines (p=0/05). The anatomical landmark hierarchies, in proximity to the facial midline, are commissural midlines, nasion, philtrum tip, nose tip, and dental midline, respectively. The anatomical landmark hierarchies, in proximity to the commissural midline, include dental midline, philtrum tip, nose tip, and nasion. The labial frenum was less deviated from the dental midline than the incisive papilla. Conclusion: With respect to shortcomings, the results showed that all of the anatomical landmarks were deviated from the facial and oral midlines. The order of proximity of the anatomical landmarks to the facial midline was as follows: commissural midline, nasion, philtrum, and dental midline. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The determination of the dental midline is necessary in most dental procedures."nOne of the methods to fulfill this goal is to determine the facial midline based on the midpoints of the"nforehead, nose, upper lip and chin. However, for various reasons, this method has not always been"nproved successful. In such cases, different techniques, based on the investigations in the edentulous"npatients, have been suggested."nPurpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the conformity of some landmarks such as labial"nfrenum, incisive papilla and mid palatal suture with dental and facial midlines among people with natural"ndentition in order to obtain accurate anatomic landmarks for denture replacement."nMaterials and Methods: In this descriptive study, 96 dental students, having all their permanent teeth"nand without any orthognathic problem, were chosen. For each subject, Alginate impressions and dental"ncasts were prepared. Then, centric occlusion was recorded with a biting wax and the facial mid line was"ndetermined on the anterior part of it. The distances from the facial midline to the upper teeth midline,"nincisive papilla, labial frenum and mid palatal suture were determined with a special tool and were"nmeasured by a VERNIEH two times. In order to analyze the results, Chi- Square and t-student tests were"nused."nResults: The average of facial midline distance to the upper teeth midline, the labial frenum, the incisive"npapilla and the mid palatal suture were 0.83±0.60, 0.67±G.54, 0.83±00.63 and 0.81±0.62 mm,"nrespectively. There was no significant difference between males and females. Labial frenum showed the"nminimum distance to the facial midline, while the incisive papilla had the maximum. There was no"nsignificant difference between these anatomic landmarks, in conformity or unconformity with the facial"nmidline"nConclusion: Considering the low percentage of the subjects with complete conformity and the lack of"nsignificant differences between these three landmarks, it is suggested that there is no superiority among"nthese landmarks for the determination of facial midline. The similar distances from the facial midline to"nthe incisive papilla and upper teeth midline indicate that using incisive papilla to determine the upper"nteeth midline in edentulous patients lead to normal face.

The success of the dental restorations largely depends on its esthetics, although various literature reviews recommend that anterior teeth midline be placed coinciding the facial midline, the amount of acceptable deviation between facial and dental midline has not been fully investigated. To observe the acceptable deviation between the dental and facial midline. Facial photographs of 200 students aged about 18-30 years of both sexes, without any missing teeth, with complete alignment of anterior teeth, were selected and scanned on to computer screen. Using specialized programme, the crown width of the central incisor in the mouth and on photograph was ensured constant. The distance between the facial midline, (obtained by bisecting intercanthal line) and the mesial surfaces of the central incisors were read on the computer. 44.4 % Boys and 55 % of Girls showed deviation between dental and facial midline in the range of 0-1 mm. while, 54 % of boys and 33 % of girls showed deviation of the dental and facial midline in the range 1-2 mm. 37 % of boys and 8 % of girls showed deviation of dental midline with facial midline with the range of 2-3 mm. 80 % of the study population showed maxillary and mandibular dental midlines never coincide. Majority of the study population showed deviation between facial midline and anterior teeth midline within the range of 0-1 mm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The objective of the present study was to determine the role of facial mid line as a guide for positioning maxillary dental midline for Prosthodontic patients during fabrication of prosthesis. Furthermore the study will help in indicating character as well as perception of discrepancies between dental and facial midline among Pakistani population. The study was carried out within population of Baqai Medical University Karachi, Pakistan from Jan2013 to June 2013. A total of 500 dentate patients with the age range 18 to 30 years were selected randomly. No fixed proportion was proposed. The patients having permanent dentition from 2nd molar to 2nd molar in maxillary arch were included .However patients having midline diastema, orthodontic treatment, or any cranio-facial anomaly were excluded. The patients were observed to check if the maxillary dental midline coincides with the facial midline. The facial midline was examined by marking points between nasion till pognion including centre of philtrum with the help of scale or dental floss. The results of the present study showed that 82.8% patients had their maxillary dental midline coinciding with facial midline. Therefore it was concluded that the Facial midline can be taken as reliable guide in establishment of maxillary dental midline among Pakistani population [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Discrepancy of the upper dental midline to the facial midline plays an important role in smile aesthetic assessment. This study presents different reference points to quantify the deviation of upper dental midline to the facial midline in 2D frontal photographs. The aim was to find the most accurate, precise, and practical reference points to measure dental midline discrepancy in 2D photographs., Methodology: A modified headset with a protractor was developed in order to achieve photographs in nine standardised head positions. Six reference points were used to detect the facial midline in the 2D photographs (eyebrows "EB", inner-canthus of the eyes "ICE", alae of the nose "AN", columella "C", nasolabial folds "NLF", and the philtrum "PH"). The deviation of the maxillary dental midline from the facial midline was measured and compared with clinical measurements., Statistical Analysis: Standard deviations (SD), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Method of Moments' Estimator (MME), 2-way repeated measures ANOVA, and multi-level linear model were used to estimate the true errors., Results: The different reference points responded significantly differently to changes in head position and all showed measurement errors, which increased with greater head rotation. Alae of the nose showed the least measurement error and the greatest precision in all head positions., Conclusion: The alae of the nose are the recommended reference points to identify the facial midline in order to quantify dental midline deviation from frontal photographs., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)