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Background: Aesthetic facial bone surgery and facial implantology expand the boundaries of conventional facial surgery that focus on facial soft tissue. This study aimed to reveal novel aesthetic facial measurements to provide tailored treatment concepts and advance patient care. Methods: A total of n=101 study participants (46 females and 55 males) were presented with 120 patient portraits (frontal images in natural head posture; 60 females and 60 males) and asked to assess the facial attractiveness (scale 0–10; "How attractive do you find the person in the image?") and the model capability score (MCS; scale 0–10; "How likely do you think the person in the image could pursue a modelling career?"). For each frontal photograph, defined facial measurements and ratios were taken to analyse their relationship with the perception of facial attractiveness and MCS. Results: The overall attractiveness rating was 4.3 ± 1.1, while the mean MCS was 3.4 ± 1.1. In young males, there was a significant correlation between attractiveness and the zygoma–mandible angle (ZMA)2 (r= − 0.553; p= 0.011). In young and middle-aged females, MCS was significantly correlated with facial width (FW)1–FW2 ratio (r= 0.475; p= 0.034). For all male individuals, a ZMA1 value of 171.79 degrees (Y= 0.313; p= 0.024) was the most robust cut-off to determine facial attractiveness. The majority of human evaluators (n=62; 51.7%) considered facial implants a potential treatment to improve the patient's facial attractiveness. Conclusion: This study introduced novel metrics of facial attractiveness, focusing on the facial skeleton. Our findings emphasized the significance of zygomatic measurements and mandibular projections for facial aesthetics, with FI representing a promising surgical approach to optimize facial aesthetics. Level of Evidence IV: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aesthetic procedures should be avoided in patients with body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) since they can negatively impact mental health and lead to further aesthetic dissatisfaction. There are no evidence-based patient pathways for BDD in facial aesthetics which can result in the failure to identify patients with BDD, leading to unsuitable treatments and suboptimal patient care. We aim to construct the first evidence-based patient pathway for BDD in surgical and nonsurgical facial aesthetics. A systematic review was performed and articles that discussed screening or patient pathways for BDD in field of facial aesthetics were included. We extracted relevant information from each article on screening tools and pathways for BDD. Data were synthesized by summarizing the data under column headings into a structured narrative and into new tables. Based on this synthesis, a practical pathway for BDD was constructed. Forty articles fulfilled the criteria for inclusion. Twenty-eight BDD screening tools were discussed in the included articles, and we provide an overview of these tools. Thirty-one articles discussed patient pathways for BDD, and we synthesized this information into a structured narrative. Combining these findings, we present an evidence-based patient pathway for BDD for patients presenting for facial aesthetic treatments. This systematic review has resulted in the first, evidence-based, patient pathway for BDD in surgical and nonsurgical facial aesthetics. This practical pathway can be used by aesthetic clinicians to identify patients with potential BDD and provide clear guidance for managing cases where BDD is suspected. It will help reduce the number of facial aesthetic procedures performed on patients with BDD, safeguard patient mental well-being, and prevent further aesthetic dissatisfaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The primary objective of this systematic review study was to investigate the effectiveness, durability, and adverse events of PLLA treatment for aesthetic indications. The search strategy was performed in MEDLINE (Ovid). The electronic literature search of five databases was performed, from the inception of the databases until the 12th of February 2024. This was to identify randomized clinical trials that assessed PLLA treatment in adult individuals exhibiting facial aging and/or facial lipoatrophy. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk-of-Bias Tool for Randomized Trials (RoB 2). Eleven RCTs out of 1467 identified citations were included. Four studies showed increased dermal thickness, significant improvement in facial lipoatrophy severity and aesthetic clinical scores, after PLLA treatment with its effects sustained for at least 25 months. Two studies demonstrated the superiority of PLLA over injectable human collagen. Also, three studies showed positive results favoring PLLA when compared with PH gel in lipoatrophy severity, transepidermal water loss, skin quality, elasticity, and patient satisfaction. All adverse events were mild-to-moderate in intensity, and the main ones worth noting were bruising, hematoma, tenderness, nodules, and edema. Five out of eleven studies were considered having high risk of bias. The evidence on the effectiveness and safety of PLLA for facial rejuvenation is of low quality; thus, the reported high effectiveness, safety, and long-lasting effects for this purpose should be further investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Patients with class III malocclusion often exhibit mandibular prognathism and complain of "prognathic appearance". The overall positive effects of orthognathic surgery on facial appearance have been demonstrated using patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs), but studies investigating the correlation between subjective PROMs results and objective measurements of imaging studies are sparse in the literature. This study recruited consecutive patients with skeletal class III malocclusion who underwent two-jaw orthognathic surgery between January 2016 and January 2021. The PROMs survey was conducted focusing on subjective perception of mandibular appearance. Lateral cephalometric images were measured to examine the correlation with the PROMs results. A total of 96 patients were eligible for this study. Of these, 74 patients (77.1%) reported complete correction of prognathic appearance postoperatively, whereas 22 patients (22.9%) perceived residual prognathic appearance. In a comparison of postoperative measurements between completely and incompletely satisfied patients, there were significant differences in SNB, ANB, convexity, facial angle, Nv-B, Nv-Pog, SN'B', soft tissue facial angle, lip–chin–throat angle, N'v-B′, and N'v-Pog'. The PROM results were significantly associated with the objective measurements of imaging studies. Investigating the correlation between PROMs and objective measurements enables integration of patients' perception of the outcomes into future therapeutic strategy and surgical planning, contributing to the enhancement of patient satisfaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To evaluate the impact of changes in upper incisor inclination and position on the alteration of the nasolabial angle (NLA) in a series of cases involving the extraction of four first premolars. Materials and Methods: The study included 41 patients who underwent orthodontic treatment with premolar extractions. The patients were divided into two groups based on their pretreatment NLA values: Group 1 (NLA ≤ 100°) and Group 2 (NLA > 100°). Measurements of NLA, U1.NA and U1‐NA were obtained before and after treatment and U1‐Ls pretreatment measure was registered. Statistical analyses were performed to compare the differences in NLA, U1.NA and U1‐NA between the two groups and to evaluate the influence of these variables added to U1‐Ls (T1) on NLA changes. Results: The results showed that Group 1 exhibited significant changes in NLA, while Group 2 did not. However, both groups showed significant changes in U1.NA and U1‐NA. In Group 1, 80% of the individuals presented an increase in NLA and 20% no changes. In Group 2, 10% presented a decrease, 57% no changes and 33% an increase in NLA values. Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that the group factor had a statistically significant influence on NLA variation. Additionally, in Group 2, a negative correlation was observed between changes in U1.NA and NLA. Conclusions: The findings suggest that individuals with higher pretreatment NLA values tend to maintain their NLA values even after the correction of upper incisor inclination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study "Spaces of the Face for Filler Procedures: Identification of subSMAS Spaces Based on Anatomical Study" explores the anatomy of facial spaces crucial for safe and effective filler injections. By delineating the subSMAS (sub-superficial musculoaponeurotic system) spaces, this research highlights how these virtual compartments, bordered by fat, muscles, fascia, and ligaments, facilitate independent muscle movement and reduce the risk of damaging critical structures. The thicker and more robust skin of East Asians necessitates deeper filler injections, emphasizing the significance of accurately identifying these spaces. A cadaver study with dyed gelatin validated the existence and characteristics of these subSMAS spaces, confirming their safety for filler procedures. Key spaces, such as the subgalea-frontalis, interfascial and temporalis, and prezygomatic spaces, were examined, illustrating safe zones for injections. The findings underscore the importance of anatomical knowledge for enhancing facial aesthetics while minimizing complications. This study serves as a guide for clinicians to perform precise and safe filler injections, providing a foundation for further research on the dynamic interactions of these spaces and long-term outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review aims to reveal the effectiveness of myofunctional speech therapy on facial rejuvenation and/or improvement of orofacial function. A systematic review of four medical electronic databases (Medline, Google Scholar, SciELO, and LILACS) was conducted between January and March 2023. The research question was defined using the PICO model: Population (P): adult subjects with signs of physiological aging of facial skin. Intervention (I): aesthetic speech therapy (facial exercises and/or myofunctional therapy). Control (C): absence of treatment. Outcome (O): facial rejuvenation. Through the search process, a total of 472 potentially relevant articles were identified. A total of 21 studies were included in the review. Most of the studies required the participants to perform exercises learned during the weekly session on a daily basis. The subjects underwent an integrated treatment with facial exercises and worked on the stomatognathic functions for different durations. Many differences were found in the evaluation tools used to investigate the starting situation and the effects obtained following the treatment. At the diagnostic level, there was no concordance in the choice of the most appropriate scales and assessment tools, but great heterogeneity was observed. Indeed, forty-eight percent of the studies collected objective data through the use of various instruments (oral devices, electromyographs, cutometers, muscle ultrasound scans, and laser scans of the face). The observed improvements included not only a reduction in wrinkles and frown lines but also decreased muscle tension and slackness, enhanced facial symmetry and lip competence, improved skin elasticity, and restored stomatognathic function. These changes led to myofunctional restoration and facial rejuvenation, resulting in increased satisfaction with self-image and proprioception. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: Upper eyelid blepharoplasty is a surgical procedure that addresses both aesthetic and functional concerns, offering transformative potential for patients' overall well-being. This study systematically evaluates the comprehensive impact of upper eyelid blepharoplasty on patients' quality of life, employing rigorous methodologies and standardized assessment protocols. Materials and Methods: A prospective, randomized controlled trial was conducted, involving 348 patients aged 49 to 87 years. Patients were randomly assigned to receive either continuous or intradermal sutures following upper eyelid surgery. Validated FACE-Q questionnaires were used to assess various outcomes, including early-life impact, expectations, satisfaction with eyes, overall face satisfaction, satisfaction with the outcome, psychological function, social function, and adverse effects. Results: Results indicate significant improvements in multiple domains of patient-reported outcomes following upper eyelid blepharoplasty, including satisfaction with eyes, overall face satisfaction, satisfaction with the outcome, psychological function, and social function. Notably, no significant differences were observed between suturing techniques regarding patient satisfaction and well-being. Adverse effects were minimal and improved over time. Conclusions: The study underscores the transformative nature of upper eyelid blepharoplasty in enhancing patients' quality of life, addressing both cosmetic and functional concerns. Utilizing standardized assessment tools like the FACE-Q questionnaire facilitates a comprehensive understanding of treatment outcomes and enables patient-centered care. Overall, this research contributes to the growing evidence supporting the positive impact of upper eyelid blepharoplasty on patients' well-being, emphasizing the importance of continued research and standardized assessment protocols in advancing patient care in cosmetic surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Myofunctional therapy has gained attention as a potential adjunct to orthodontic treatment, focusing on improving orofacial muscle function and balance. Despite its increasing popularity, the precise impact of myofunctional therapy on orthodontic treatment outcomes remains to be fully elucidated. Materials and Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted, involving 80 orthodontic patients aged 8–18 years, divided into two groups: Group A received orthodontic treatment alone, while Group B received orthodontic treatment combined with myofunctional therapy. Orthodontic treatment outcomes were assessed based on occlusal stability, facial aesthetics (evaluated through standardized photographs), and patient-reported satisfaction scores. Posttreatment stability of occlusion was assessed using the peer assessment rating (PAR) index, with lower scores indicating better occlusal outcomes. Results: The results indicated a significant improvement in orthodontic treatment outcomes among patients who received myofunctional therapy in addition to orthodontic treatment. Group B demonstrated a mean decrease of 25% in PAR index scores compared to Group A, indicating superior occlusal stability posttreatment. Facial aesthetics were also notably enhanced in Group B, with a higher percentage of patients achieving harmonious facial profiles than Group A. Additionally, patient satisfaction scores were significantly higher in Group B, with 85% of patients reporting high satisfaction levels, compared to 60% in Group A. Conclusion: Myofunctional therapy as an adjunct to orthodontic treatment has a positive impact on treatment outcomes, including improved occlusal stability, enhanced facial aesthetics, and increased patient satisfaction.

Abstract Background The profound influence of orthodontic treatments on facial aesthetics has been a topic of increasing interest. This study delves into the intricate interplay between orthodontic treatments, facial feature alterations, and aesthetic perceptions. Methods A total of 73 patients who had undergone orthodontic treatment were included in this study. Facial photographs were taken before and after treatment. Ten orthodontists provided facial aesthetic ratings (FAR) for each patient's frontal, profile, and overall views. 48 facial landmarks were manually placed by the orthodontists and normalized using Generalized Procrustes analysis (GPA). Two types of phenotypes were derived from facial landmarks. Global facial phenotypes were then extracted using principal component analysis (PCA). Additionally, 37 clinical features related to aesthetics and orthodontics were extracted. The association between facial features and changes in FAR after orthodontic treatment was determined using these two types of phenotypes. Results The FAR exhibited a high correlation among orthodontic experts, particularly in the profile view. The FAR increased after orthodontic treatment, especially in profile views. Extraction of premolars and orthognathic surgery were found to result in higher FAR change. For global facial phenotypes, the most noticeable changes in the frontal and profile views associated with FAR occurred in the lip area, characterized by inward retraction of the lips and slight chin protrusion in the profile view, as well as a decrease in lip height in the frontal view. The changes observed in the profile view were statistically more significant than those in the frontal view. These facial changes were consistent with the changes from orthodontic treatment. For clinical features, two profile features, namely pg.sm.hori and pg.n.ls, were found to be associated with FAR following orthodontic treatment. The highest FAR scores were achieved when pg.sm.hori was at 80° and pg.n.ls was at 8°. On the other hand, frontal clinical features had a subtle effect on FAR during orthodontic treatment. Conclusions This study demonstrated that orthodontic treatment improves facial aesthetics, particularly at lip aera in the profile view. Profile clinical features, such as pg.sm.hori and pg.n.ls, are essential in orthodontic treatment which could increase facial aesthetics.

The primary objective of this systematic review study was to investigate the effectiveness, durability, and adverse events of PLLA treatment for aesthetic indications. The search strategy was performed in MEDLINE (Ovid). The electronic literature search of five databases was performed, from the inception of the databases until the 12th of February 2024. This was to identify randomized clinical trials that assessed PLLA treatment in adult individuals exhibiting facial aging and/or facial lipoatrophy. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk-of-Bias Tool for Randomized Trials (RoB 2). Eleven RCTs out of 1467 identified citations were included. Four studies showed increased dermal thickness, significant improvement in facial lipoatrophy severity and aesthetic clinical scores, after PLLA treatment with its effects sustained for at least 25 months. Two studies demonstrated the superiority of PLLA over injectable human collagen. Also, three studies showed positive results favoring PLLA when compared with PH gel in lipoatrophy severity, transepidermal water loss, skin quality, elasticity, and patient satisfaction. All adverse events were mild-to-moderate in intensity, and the main ones worth noting were bruising, hematoma, tenderness, nodules, and edema. Five out of eleven studies were considered having high risk of bias. The evidence on the effectiveness and safety of PLLA for facial rejuvenation is of low quality; thus, the reported high effectiveness, safety, and long-lasting effects for this purpose should be further investigated.

Background: The profound influence of orthodontic treatments on facial aesthetics has been a topic of increasing interest. This study delves into the intricate interplay between orthodontic treatments, facial feature alterations, and aesthetic perceptions. Methods: A total of 73 patients who had undergone orthodontic treatment were included in this study. Facial photographs were taken before and after treatment. Ten orthodontists provided facial aesthetic ratings (FAR) for each patient's frontal, profile, and overall views. 48 facial landmarks were manually placed by the orthodontists and normalized using Generalized Procrustes analysis (GPA). Two types of phenotypes were derived from facial landmarks. Global facial phenotypes were then extracted using principal component analysis (PCA). Additionally, 37 clinical features related to aesthetics and orthodontics were extracted. The association between facial features and changes in FAR after orthodontic treatment was determined using these two types of phenotypes. Results: The FAR exhibited a high correlation among orthodontic experts, particularly in the profile view. The FAR increased after orthodontic treatment, especially in profile views. Extraction of premolars and orthognathic surgery were found to result in higher FAR change. For global facial phenotypes, the most noticeable changes in the frontal and profile views associated with FAR occurred in the lip area, characterized by inward retraction of the lips and slight chin protrusion in the profile view, as well as a decrease in lip height in the frontal view. The changes observed in the profile view were statistically more significant than those in the frontal view. These facial changes were consistent with the changes from orthodontic treatment. For clinical features, two profile features, namely pg.sm.hori and pg.n.ls, were found to be associated with FAR following orthodontic treatment. The highest FAR scores were achieved when pg.sm.hori was at 80° and pg.n.ls was at 8°. On the other hand, frontal clinical features had a subtle effect on FAR during orthodontic treatment. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that orthodontic treatment improves facial aesthetics, particularly at lip aera in the profile view. Profile clinical features, such as pg.sm.hori and pg.n.ls, are essential in orthodontic treatment which could increase facial aesthetics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Tesla Revista Científica is the property of Puerto Madero Editorial Academica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Orthognathic surgery is a surgical procedure performed to correct severe jaw misalignments that can affect a patient's facial aesthetics and functional occlusion. While the primary goal of orthognathic surgery is to improve functional outcomes and facial appearance, it is essential to assess patient satisfaction as a crucial aspect of overall treatment success. Materials and Methods: Patient selection: We conducted a prospective study involving 50 patients who underwent orthognathic surgery. All patients had a confirmed diagnosis of severe jaw misalignment, as determined by clinical and radiographic assessments. The surgical procedures performed included maxillary advancement, mandibular setback, or a combination of both, depending on the patient's specific diagnosis. Preoperative orthodontic treatment was provided to align the teeth and prepare the patient for surgery. Patients were evaluated preoperatively and at postoperative intervals of 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year. Results: Patient satisfaction scores and functional outcomes were as follows: aesthetics of facial profile (1-year post-op): mean score = 4.6, chewing function (1-year post-op): mean score = 4.4, speech function (1-year post-op): mean score = 4.3, and overall satisfaction with surgical outcome (1-year post-op): mean score = 4.5. Objective assessments revealed a significant improvement in occlusion and facial aesthetics. The mean reduction in overjet was 4.8 mm, and the mean reduction in overbite was 3.2 mm. Additionally, the mean postoperative ANB angle improved by 3.7°, indicating a better facial balance. Conclusion: Orthognathic surgery in our cohort of 50 patients resulted in high levels of patient satisfaction with both functional outcomes and facial aesthetics. Objective measurements also indicated significant improvements in occlusion and facial balance.

Introduction: One of the primary objectives of orthodontic treatment has been the enhancement of facial aesthetics. To obtain the perfect facial profile with aesthetic balance, knowledge of facial anatomy is essential. The diagnosis and treatment planning of orthodontic patients depend greatly on the examination of the soft tissue profile. Since the nasolabial angle is significantly affected by the inclination of the upper incisors, it is a frequently employed soft tissue parameter in orthodontic diagnosis. Aim: The study aimed to find out the correlation between the nasolabial angles with maxillary incisor inclination. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective study, 120 lateral cephalograms of orthodontic patients including males and females were traced. Their nasolabial angle and maxillary incisor inclination were calculated before and after orthodontic treatment. Result: The mean of pre- and post-treatment nasolabial angle was found to be 91.43° ± 14.008 and 97.93° ± 14.194, respectively. The mean of pre- and post-treatment incisor inclination was found to be 32.59° ± 7.290 and 23.98° ± 6.851, respectively. The gender-wise Pearson’s correlation (r) of nasolabial angle with incisor inclination for male and female was found to be -0.464 with a P value of 0.164 and -0.305 with a P value of 0.118, respectively. Overall Pearson’s correlation of nasolabial angle with incisor inclination was found to be -0.040 with a P value of 0.384. Conclusion: There is an insignificant negative correlation between nasolabial angle and incisor inclination in the Chhattisgarh population as well as among the two genders.

The study “Spaces of the Face for Filler Procedures: Identification of subSMAS Spaces Based on Anatomical Study” explores the anatomy of facial spaces crucial for safe and effective filler injections. By delineating the subSMAS (sub-superficial musculoaponeurotic system) spaces, this research highlights how these virtual compartments, bordered by fat, muscles, fascia, and ligaments, facilitate independent muscle movement and reduce the risk of damaging critical structures. The thicker and more robust skin of East Asians necessitates deeper filler injections, emphasizing the significance of accurately identifying these spaces. A cadaver study with dyed gelatin validated the existence and characteristics of these subSMAS spaces, confirming their safety for filler procedures. Key spaces, such as the subgalea-frontalis, interfascial and temporalis, and prezygomatic spaces, were examined, illustrating safe zones for injections. The findings underscore the importance of anatomical knowledge for enhancing facial aesthetics while minimizing complications. This study serves as a guide for clinicians to perform precise and safe filler injections, providing a foundation for further research on the dynamic interactions of these spaces and long-term outcomes.

This review aims to reveal the effectiveness of myofunctional speech therapy on facial rejuvenation and/or improvement of orofacial function. A systematic review of four medical electronic databases (Medline, Google Scholar, SciELO, and LILACS) was conducted between January and March 2023. The research question was defined using the PICO model: Population (P): adult subjects with signs of physiological aging of facial skin. Intervention (I): aesthetic speech therapy (facial exercises and/or myofunctional therapy). Control (C): absence of treatment. Outcome (O): facial rejuvenation. Through the search process, a total of 472 potentially relevant articles were identified. A total of 21 studies were included in the review. Most of the studies required the participants to perform exercises learned during the weekly session on a daily basis. The subjects underwent an integrated treatment with facial exercises and worked on the stomatognathic functions for different durations. Many differences were found in the evaluation tools used to investigate the starting situation and the effects obtained following the treatment. At the diagnostic level, there was no concordance in the choice of the most appropriate scales and assessment tools, but great heterogeneity was observed. Indeed, forty-eight percent of the studies collected objective data through the use of various instruments (oral devices, electromyographs, cutometers, muscle ultrasound scans, and laser scans of the face). The observed improvements included not only a reduction in wrinkles and frown lines but also decreased muscle tension and slackness, enhanced facial symmetry and lip competence, improved skin elasticity, and restored stomatognathic function. These changes led to myofunctional restoration and facial rejuvenation, resulting in increased satisfaction with self-image and proprioception.

Background Orthognathic surgery has evolved beyond addressing malocclusion and facial aesthetics to include sleep apnea management and aesthetic enhancement. Three-dimensional digital technology integration is now a crucial aspect of orthognathic surgery, improving surgical planning and splint fabrication for enhanced precision. Objective This review aims to elucidate current trends and controversies in orthognathic surgery. It highlights the vital role of plastic surgeons not only in performing surgical procedures but also in establishing surgical occlusion and comprehensive planning. Summary of Narrative Review The integration of advanced digital technology has transformed orthognathic surgery by improving accuracy and precision. This review offers insights into the evolving landscape of orthognathic surgery, addressing emerging trends and ongoing debates. It emphasizes the collaborative role of plastic surgeons and orthodontists in delivering successful outcomes. Implications for Future Research Future research should focus on refining digital technology integration, optimizing surgical planning, and assessing long-term patient outcomes. Exploring innovative techniques and expanding the scope of orthognathic surgery can further enhance patient care. Implications for Clinical Practice and Policy Development Orthognathic surgery's expanded applications require continuous professional development for plastic surgeons and orthodontists. Healthcare institutions and policymakers should acknowledge the significance of digital technology in surgical practice and provide support and resources for its integration. Additionally, guidelines and standards for orthognathic surgery should evolve to reflect these advancements and ensure patient safety and satisfaction.

Copyright of Health & Society is the property of Instituto de Ensino e Pesquisa Periodicojs and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: One of the primary objectives of orthodontic treatment has been the enhancement of facial aesthetics. To obtain the perfect facial profile with aesthetic balance, knowledge of facial anatomy is essential. The diagnosis and treatment planning of orthodontic patients depend greatly on the examination of the soft tissue profile. Since the nasolabial angle is significantly affected by the inclination of the upper incisors, it is a frequently employed soft tissue parameter in orthodontic diagnosis. Aim: The study aimed to find out the correlation between the nasolabial angles with maxillary incisor inclination. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective study, 120 lateral cephalograms of orthodontic patients including males and females were traced. Their nasolabial angle and maxillary incisor inclination were calculated before and after orthodontic treatment. Result: The mean of pre- and post-treatment nasolabial angle was found to be 91.43° ± 14.008 and 97.93° ± 14.194, respectively. The mean of pre- and post-treatment incisor inclination was found to be 32.59° ± 7.290 and 23.98° ± 6.851, respectively. The gender-wise Pearson's correlation (r) of nasolabial angle with incisor inclination for male and female was found to be -0.464 with a P value of 0.164 and -0.305 with a P value of 0.118, respectively. Overall Pearson's correlation of nasolabial angle with incisor inclination was found to be -0.040 with a P value of 0.384. Conclusion: There is an insignificant negative correlation between nasolabial angle and incisor inclination in the Chhattisgarh population as well as among the two genders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dermal filler and botulinum toxin injections are among the most performed non-invasive procedures for rejuvenation and contouring, internationally. Although most dermal fillers and approved botulinum toxins are well tolerated with a high safety profile, adverse events and/or complications can happen. Injection-related sequelae and side effects are usually rare, mild, transient, and self-limiting in nature. However, devastating and life-changing complications, such as intravascular occlusion, skin necrosis, permanent visual impairment, and stroke, have been reported. Risk reduction measures include an in-depth knowledge of anatomy, physiology, and pharmacology, correct patient selection, correct identification of clinical indications, and, fundamentally, the importance of appropriate skill and training. In this paper, some of the complications are discussed and advice on how to minimise adverse events and complications from these injectables is provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of changes in nasal tip protrusion on the sense of upper lip protrusion in different populations and to provide a reference for the improvement of soft tissue beauty. Methods Informed consent and portrait authorization were obtained from the model. A female model whose face met the criteria was selected, and a 3D model of her was obtained using a 3D stereo camera. Based on the original model, ZBRUSH2019 software was used to simulate changes in nose tip protrusion. Then, 9 segments of facial dynamic rotation videos were produced, and an electronic questionnaire was created through a questionnaire website to evaluate the effect of different nose tip protrusions on perceived upper lip protrusion. Randomly selected orthodontic patients, orthodontics professionals and general adults completed the electronic questionnaire. In the questionnaire, a Visual Analog Scale was used to evaluate the perceived degree of protrusion of the upper lip. The higher the score, the more prominent the upper lip of the model in the image. The questionnaire data were statistically analyzed using a generalized linear mixed model. Results As the nasal tip position became progressively more retracted, the subjects' upper lip protrusion scores increased. Among male subjects, the results showed that the general population thought that the upper lip protrusion was higher than the patients did when the nasal tip protrusion was +6 mm and +4.5 mm (P = 0.023, P = 0.047). When the nasal tip protrusion was +6 mm, the scores of the general population were higher than those of the orthodontics professionals (P = 0.023). However, when the nasal tip variable was -6 mm, their score was lower than that of the patients (P = 0.003), and there was no significant difference in other retest distances between groups (P>0.05). Conclusion When the protrusion of the nasal tip decreased, the three groups experienced a visual illusion of upper lip protrusion. When the nasal tip protrusion is too large, the general population perceived the visual illusion of the upper lip protrusion as being more obvious.

Background and Objectives: Upper eyelid blepharoplasty is a surgical procedure that addresses both aesthetic and functional concerns, offering transformative potential for patients’ overall well-being. This study systematically evaluates the comprehensive impact of upper eyelid blepharoplasty on patients’ quality of life, employing rigorous methodologies and standardized assessment protocols. Materials and Methods: A prospective, randomized controlled trial was conducted, involving 348 patients aged 49 to 87 years. Patients were randomly assigned to receive either continuous or intradermal sutures following upper eyelid surgery. Validated FACE-Q questionnaires were used to assess various outcomes, including early-life impact, expectations, satisfaction with eyes, overall face satisfaction, satisfaction with the outcome, psychological function, social function, and adverse effects. Results: Results indicate significant improvements in multiple domains of patient-reported outcomes following upper eyelid blepharoplasty, including satisfaction with eyes, overall face satisfaction, satisfaction with the outcome, psychological function, and social function. Notably, no significant differences were observed between suturing techniques regarding patient satisfaction and well-being. Adverse effects were minimal and improved over time. Conclusions: The study underscores the transformative nature of upper eyelid blepharoplasty in enhancing patients’ quality of life, addressing both cosmetic and functional concerns. Utilizing standardized assessment tools like the FACE-Q questionnaire facilitates a comprehensive understanding of treatment outcomes and enables patient-centered care. Overall, this research contributes to the growing evidence supporting the positive impact of upper eyelid blepharoplasty on patients’ well-being, emphasizing the importance of continued research and standardized assessment protocols in advancing patient care in cosmetic surgery.

Background: Orthognathic surgery is a surgical procedure performed to correct severe jaw misalignments that can affect a patient's facial aesthetics and functional occlusion. While the primary goal of orthognathic surgery is to improve functional outcomes and facial appearance, it is essential to assess patient satisfaction as a crucial aspect of overall treatment success. Materials and Methods: Patient selection: We conducted a prospective study involving 50 patients who underwent orthognathic surgery. All patients had a confirmed diagnosis of severe jaw misalignment, as determined by clinical and radiographic assessments. The surgical procedures performed included maxillary advancement, mandibular setback, or a combination of both, depending on the patient's specific diagnosis. Preoperative orthodontic treatment was provided to align the teeth and prepare the patient for surgery. Patients were evaluated preoperatively and at postoperative intervals of 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year. Results: Patient satisfaction scores and functional outcomes were as follows: aesthetics of facial profile (1-year post-op): mean score = 4.6, chewing function (1-year post-op): mean score = 4.4, speech function (1-year post-op): mean score = 4.3, and overall satisfaction with surgical outcome (1-year post-op): mean score = 4.5. Objective assessments revealed a significant improvement in occlusion and facial aesthetics. The mean reduction in overjet was 4.8 mm, and the mean reduction in overbite was 3.2 mm. Additionally, the mean postoperative ANB angle improved by 3.7°, indicating a better facial balance. Conclusion: Orthognathic surgery in our cohort of 50 patients resulted in high levels of patient satisfaction with both functional outcomes and facial aesthetics. Objective measurements also indicated significant improvements in occlusion and facial balance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Dental professionals play an important role in an individual's appearance which can affect the perception of others that can vary greatly depending on their educational and socioeconomic background. Aim and Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine an insight of recognizing ability of dental professionals and laypersons toward facial aesthetics with different types of orthodontic malocclusion. Materials and Methods: A questionnaire-based study was conducted on 90 dental professionals and 90 laypersons. The perceptions differences between groups were assessed using visual analogue scale on 11 photographs. Kolmolgorov-Smirnov was used for normality test. Results: The perceptions of facial aesthetics showing various malocclusions were significantly different between dental professionals and laypersons. Conclusion: The dental professionals and layperson perceptions regarding the facial particularly in central Indian population are significantly different for most of the malocclusion types. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The diversity of patients pursuing facial aesthetic and facial gender-affirming surgery (FGAS) is increasing, yet there is a paucity of objective guidelines to facilitate surgical decision-making in patients of color. We conducted a quantitative analysis of black celebrities using standardized frontal photos of 21 female and 21 male celebrities. Celebrities were chosen from popular entertainment magazines and websites, including People Magazine, the Internet Movie Database (IMDb), Cosmopolitan, and Essence. For each celebrity, 100 facial landmarks were detected through a facial analysis artificial intelligence (AI) program. Black males had greater facial height, bizygomatic width, lower facial height, and bigonial width than females. However, the facial height to bigonial width ratio was similar between genders and approximated the golden ratio (1.618). Female faces demonstrated a greater mid-face height to total facial height proportion, and males had a greater lower facial height proportion. Females exhibited an upward-slanted medial brow and shorter total eyebrow length, nose height, and alar width. Forehead height above the lateral brow was greater in males, while central forehead height was similar to females. This is the first study that has utilized AI to provide ethnicity-specific facial morphometrics relevant to facial rejuvenation and FGAS in the black population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The Dental Council of India has included facial plastic surgery in the scope of practice of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons (OMFSs) in India. However, the knowledge and interests of these specialists towards facial plastic surgery are unexplored. Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study consisting of a structured questionnaire tool with six domains and 46 questions was circulated amongst registered OMFSs in India. The study consisted of 950 participants. The data obtained from this questionnaire were coded and entered into Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) and a descriptive analysis was conducted. Results: The study yielded that only 33% of the participants were completely aware of facial fillers and 30.5% were aware of Botox procedure. However, there was complete awareness of blepharoplasty in 42%, cheiloplasty/palatoplasty in 65.8%, laser facial resurfacing in 23.7% and facial rejuvenation in 23.5% of the participants. Discussion: It was found that a high number of OMFSs felt that their exposure to plastic surgery during their post-graduation years was not sufficient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Dental professionals play an important role in an individual's appearance which can affect the perception of others that can vary greatly depending on their educational and socioeconomic background. Aim and Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine an insight of recognizing ability of dental professionals and laypersons toward facial aesthetics with different types of orthodontic malocclusion. Materials and Methods: A questionnaire-based study was conducted on 90 dental professionals and 90 laypersons. The perceptions differences between groups were assessed using visual analogue scale on 11 photographs. Kolmolgorov-Smirnov was used for normality test. Results: The perceptions of facial aesthetics showing various malocclusions were significantly different between dental professionals and laypersons. Conclusion: The dental professionals and layperson perceptions regarding the facial particularly in central Indian population are significantly different for most of the malocclusion types.

Abstract Background With the popularity of medical aesthetic programs, some female adults who will or are undergoing orthodontic treatment often wonder whether orthodontic treatment has adverse effects on the nasolabial folds (NLFs). The aims of the study were to investigate any potential changes in the NLFs and associated peripheral soft tissues after orthodontic treatment of female adults. Methods This study compared changes in the NLFs and peripheral soft tissues in female adults undergoing orthodontic treatment using the 3dMD Face system (3dMD, Atlanta, Ga). A total of 52 adult female patient cases (24 teeth extraction, 28 non-teeth extraction) were included to evaluate the effects of different orthodontic treatment regimens on the NLFs and peripheral soft tissues. Results In the NLFs area, the landmarks of the extraction group were all significantly negatively changed (P

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is a kind of autologous blood product. It is a platelet concentrate extracted from autologous blood through centrifugation or apheresis process. It is generally believed that the platelet concentration in PRP should be 4-8 times of the platelet count in the whole blood. Platelets with high concentration can release a variety of growth factors and media after activation, which is conducive to tissue repair and regeneration. PRP has been used in regenerative medicine for more than 30 years, and has achieved good results. In recent years, it has also been widely used in facial aesthetics, involving acne, skin aging, hair loss, chloasma and other fields. In this review, we are not only emphasized the preparation and use of PRP, but also outlined the application progress of PRP in facial aesthetics.