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Biological systematics, exploring the structure of taxonomic diversity, needs a proper conceptualization that would (a) make it complying with certain universal criteria of scientificity and (b) take into account specificity of its studied object. This article outlines a possible conceptual framework for this biological discipline based on the ideas of contemporary conceptualism. One of the most fundamental of them includes a concept of cognitive situation shaped by three basic components—ontic, epistemic, and subjective, which are interrelated by the onto-epistemic correspondence. The core position in this situation is taken by a taxonomic theory being a conceptual construct resulted from a "summative" effect of all three components and designed as a conceptual framework for studying various aspects of taxonomic diversity. This theory is elaborated as a quasi-axiomatics, its basic structure is hierarchically arranged, with general taxonomic theory taking a top position in it and its particular interpretations shaping an array of partial taxonomic theories of various levels of generality. This conceptual construct is shown to serve as a general justification of a moderate taxonomic pluralism. Several kinds of partial taxonomic theories are suggested to recognize, viz., ontology- and epistemology-oriented, aspect- and object-based, etc. The aspect-based taxonomic theories are of special importance by serving as the conceptual foundations of the particular research programs in systematics. The concepts of species and homology are considered as implementations of the object-based partial taxonomic theories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Facets are widely encountered in information and knowledge organization, but there is much disparity in the use and understanding of concepts such as "facet," "facet analysis," and "faceted classification." The paper traces the history of these ideas and how they have been employed in different contexts. What may be termed the classical school of faceted classification is given some prominence, through the ideas of Ranganathan and the Classification Research Group, but other interpretations are also explored. Attention is paid not only to the idea of what facet analysis is, and what purpose it serves, but also the language utilized to describe and explain it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Modern education involves the integration of innovative didactic techniques and digital technologies. In the context of the new digital paradigm, the issues of ensuring high-quality management of educational systems that fully meet the needs of each student in self-actualization, activation of his motivational and cognitive processes are becoming relevant. In this aspect, the problem of organizing and supporting the research activities of schoolchildren in the field of mathematics through intellectual management is of particular importance. Intelligent learning systems are able to provide the processes of self-regulation of personality and individualization of learning during the development of complex mathematical knowledge. The article presents the experience of designing a hybrid intelligent system to support the design and research activities of students in mathematics. The leading idea of the author's concept of intellectual management of the educational process in a hybrid intellectual learning environment is to ensure the development of the intellectual and creative potential of each student during the development of complex knowledge through the adaptation of modern achievements in science. The architecture, parameters and functionality of a hybrid intelligent learning system are determined. The article presents organizational and methodological support for the development of design and research activities of schoolchildren in the form of a database of design and research tasks, the activities of which are an important factor in increasing the level of educational motivation and research culture, ensuring the harmonious development of a student's personality. The didactic possibilities of facet classification are revealed, which provides the filling of the database of problem-oriented tasks taking into account the gradation of levels of research activity and thinking profiles of schoolchildren, the construction of an individual educational trajectory, the management of the depth of intra-subject, inter-conceptual and interdisciplinary connections, as well as integrative thought processes in general.

Acknowledging the importance of classification not only for library and information science but also for the study and mapping of the world phenomena, in this paper we revisit and systematize the main types of classifications and focus on the species of classification mainly drawing on the work of S. R. Ranganathan. We trace the evolution of library classification systems by their structures and modes of design of various shades of classification systems and make a comparative study of enumerative and faceted species of library classifications. The value of this paper is to have a picture of the whole spectrum of existing classifications, which may serve for the study of future developments and constructions of new systems. This paper updates previous works by Comaromi and Ranganathan and is also theoretically inspired by them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research on the standardization of interchange BIM components is required to encourage the use of BIM technology in interchange and quicken the development and improvement of relevant standards and specifications. The depth level of the model, classification, and coding of interchange BIM components, and the design and administration of the component library are the main topics of this work. First, the concept and main research content on the standardization of interchange BIM components were proposed. Second, the common forms of interchange were summarized. The basic components of interchanges include through lanes, ramps, connections, overpass bridges, and traffic safety facilities, and can be divided into 14 second-level components, such as the main line, the minor cross highway, the speed-change lane, etc. On this basis, a method for interchange BIM components classification based on faceted classification and a coding method based on a combination code was proposed. The model depth grading of the BIM component of the interchange was studied, and grading was carried out considering three aspects: the level of detail (LOD), geometric accuracy, and information level. Finally, the process of creating interchange BIM component libraries was proposed. The results showed that the interchange BIM components can adopt a three-level coding method, namely "the overall spatial code–classification code–instance code", and the LOD, geometric accuracy, and information level of the interchange BIM components can be divided into four levels. Additionally, interchange BIM component libraries can be created using five steps: an overall plan of component resources, standard determination, component creation, component audit, component storage, and application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Purpose/Significance] With the deepening of digital humanistic research on ancient books, the requirement for fine-grained classification based on text content is increasing continuously, and reasonable classification has become the key to the research and effective utilization of digital ancient books.[Method/Process] The research uses the concept of faceted classification, takes the text data of ancient books and related dictionary of ancient books as the research object, and combines conceptual semantic information to organize and describe the features of the content of ancient books. [Results/Conclusions] The classification system constructed in this paper breaks through the limitation of the number, genre and type of ancient books. The research selects five dimensions of politics, economy, culture, society and military to organize and reveal the contents of ancient books in an orderly manner, which is of great value to the in-depth development and utilization of digital resources of ancient books.

We investigate how the Basic Concepts Classification (BCC) can best incorporate schedules addressing musical form, genre, and type. We show that the synthetic possibilities within the BCC facilitate the classification of form/genre/type. In particular, many challenges identified in the literature on musical classification are addressed. The BCC also serves to make evident various connections between music and other schedules in BCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For a long time, the design of factories has been profit-driven only, while their detrimental effects on the environment, perceptual-aesthetic interferences with the surroundings, and social disturbances on local communities have been largely neglected. Despite a growing attention towards these topics, literature shows that there is a fundamental knowledge and tool gap on design practices for holistically sustainable factories, and companies are often unaware of both negative and positive effects related to the impact of their sites on the landscape. This paper presents a toolkit that has been developed to support entrepreneurs and designers in devising more sustainable factories through an integrated perspective, which is the great novelty of the approach. The article focuses on one of its tools: a digital atlas of design tactics. These have been mapped in sustainable factories around the world and labelled with an ad hoc faceted classification. Each tactic is then described in an info-sheet, which feeds a web portal. There, the user is assisted in searching for the most suitable tactics and mutual links with other useful strategies. The main potentiality of the atlas is to encourage a holistic design approach by highlighting positive synergies among tactics from different fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Faceted navigation is already a standard feature of contemporary Online Public Access Catalogs (OPACs). The article aims to indicate practices in this area and new affordances that faceted navigation provides. The content of 55 Polish university library websites and their OPACs using faceted navigation was analyzed. After selecting the subject facets, the source of the terms constituting their content was analyzed using the MARC 21 bibliographic record format structure. During the transfer of traditional KOS affordances to those of faceted navigation, the former knowledge organization (KO) structures were deconstructed, which may require the creation of a new kind of KOS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Wikidata gadget, CCLitBox, for the automated classification of literary authors and works by a faceted classification and using Linked Open Data (LOD) is presented. The tool reproduces the classification algorithm of class O Literature of the Colon Classification and uses data freely available in Wikidata to create Colon Classification class numbers. CCLitBox is totally free and enables any user to classify literary authors and their works; it is easily accessible to everybody; it uses LOD from Wikidata but missing data for classification can be freely added if necessary; it is readymade for any cooperative and networked project. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Research on the standardization of interchange BIM components is required to encourage the use of BIM technology in interchange and quicken the development and improvement of relevant standards and specifications. The depth level of the model, classification, and coding of interchange BIM components, and the design and administration of the component library are the main topics of this work. First, the concept and main research content on the standardization of interchange BIM components were proposed. Second, the common forms of interchange were summarized. The basic components of interchanges include through lanes, ramps, connections, overpass bridges, and traffic safety facilities, and can be divided into 14 second-level components, such as the main line, the minor cross highway, the speed-change lane, etc. On this basis, a method for interchange BIM components classification based on faceted classification and a coding method based on a combination code was proposed. The model depth grading of the BIM component of the interchange was studied, and grading was carried out considering three aspects: the level of detail (LOD), geometric accuracy, and information level. Finally, the process of creating interchange BIM component libraries was proposed. The results showed that the interchange BIM components can adopt a three-level coding method, namely “the overall spatial code–classification code–instance code”, and the LOD, geometric accuracy, and information level of the interchange BIM components can be divided into four levels. Additionally, interchange BIM component libraries can be created using five steps: an overall plan of component resources, standard determination, component creation, component audit, component storage, and application.

Faceted knowledge organization systems have sophisticated logical structures, making their representation as linked data a demanding task. The term facet is often used in ambiguous ways: while in thesauri facets only work as semantic categories, in classification schemes they also have syntactic functions. The need to convert the Integrative Levels Classification (ILC) into SKOS stimulated a more general analysis of the different kinds of syntactic facets, as can be represented in terms of RDF properties and their respective domain and range. A nomenclature is proposed, distinguishing between common facets, which can be appended to any class, that is, have an unrestricted domain; and special facets, which are exclusive to some class, that is, have a restricted domain. In both cases, foci can be taken from any other class (unrestricted range: free facets), or only from subclasses of an existing class (parallel facets), or be defined specifically for the present class (bound facets). Examples are given of such cases in ILC and in the Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accounts of childhood imaginary companions (ICs) sometimes resemble the phenomenology of "ghostly episodes", which denotes entity encounter experiences including apparitions, haunts, and poltergeists. This might suggest that select ICs are examples of "disguised" encounter experiences. We explored this idea via a comparative overview primarily based on two published datasets that detail the presence (qualitative facet) and probability (quantitative facet) of certain themes in these respective experiences. Moreover, the psychometric profiles of experients for each of these phenomena were likewise considered. This exercise indicated a fair degree of overall correspondence between six key features of ICs and aspects of ghostly/encounter experiences. The strongest similarities appeared to center on perceptual contents (micro-phenomenology) versus factors related to the onset of experiences (macro-phenomenology). Additional parallels or nuances predicted from these ostensible links can guide future research, which is needed to understand more precisely the nature and structural relationship between these two sets of experiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The focus of this study was to evaluate research production in Library and Information Science (LIS) on big data and South African's contribution from 1992-2019. As advancement in technological innovation is changing the methods of digital collection development and dissemination of information in the fourth industrial revolution, big data technology will be reshaping library management systems through big data. Big data is defined as information overload due to the volume, varieties, velocity and veracity of the data which must be processed to get value. It is also useful information for efficient decision making or business intelligence. The data collection methods utilised bibliometric analysis as an intuitive approach to map research focus in big data and LIS contribution, by visualising the outputs using data harvesting capability of Web of Knowledge to export titles, authors, abstract, all keywords, citations, journal sources and bibliographies for further analysis. We performed bibliometric coupling, co-citation analysis, with a total dataset (n = 8,415), h-index =104, and an average citation per output (ACP=97). The findings showed that the LIS scholars contributions were very low (h-index = 29) and (ACI =15.47), and the USA (n=112) China (n=45) and India (n=25) were the top leading countries in LIS and big data. The contribution of South Africa was very low (n=4). This research underscores that LIS big data contribution is very important for archiving and providing information services to manage petabytes data and information with automated controlled index terms and big data metadata management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Faceted browsing is a common feature of new library catalog interfaces. But to what extent does it improve user performance in searching within today's library catalog systems? This article reviews the literature for user studies involving faceted browsing and user studies of "next-generation" library catalogs that incorporate faceted browsing. Both the results and the methods of these studies are analyzed by asking, What do we currently know about faceted browsing? How can we design better studies of faceted browsing in library catalogs? The article proposes methodological considerations for practicing librarians and provides examples of goals, tasks, and measurements for user studies of faceted browsing in library catalogs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose/Thesis: The aim of the paper is to analyze the changes taking place in knowledge organization as a result of the digital revolution and to identify key factors which promote new methods and tools for organization of access to recorded knowledge in the digital environment. Approach/Methods: The article is a theoretical reflection on the evolution of methods and tools of knowledge organization. With a reference to the subject literature, the process of shaping the concepts of organizing access to recorded knowledge in the digital environment was analyzed and its technological and social conditions were discussed. Attention is drawn to the development of the big data phenomenon's implications for knowledge organization and to new directions of knowledge organization systems (KOS) applications. Results and conclusions: Among the technological factors that have the highest impact on shaping new concepts of knowledge organization in the digital world, and directions of modifying traditional models of KOS and creating new ones, the following are indicated: the development of natural language processing (NLP) technologies, hypertext development, the development of semantic technologies, machine learning methods and Web 2.0 technologies, information visualization techniques, adaptation of KOS functionality to applications on mobile devices. Among the social conditions, the following are identified as the factors which play the major role in determining the directions of the evolution of knowledge organization methods and tools: the focus was on non-professional user service and adaptation methods of KOS development, structure and functionality to the growing diversity of information objects represented by them and users' questions directed to information services. Originality/Value: As far as the author knows, the presented considerations are the first comprehensive attempt to trace the impact of the digital revolution on the development of methods and tools for knowledge organization in the Polish research literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Computer applications for diagnostic medical imaging provide generally a wide range of tools to support physicians in their daily diagnosis activities. Unfortunately, some functionalities are specialized for specific diseases or imaging modalities, while other ones are useless for the images under investigation. Nevertheless, the corresponding Graphical User Interface (GUI) widgets are still present on the screen reducing the image visualization area. As a consequence, the physician may be affected by cognitive overload and visual stress causing a degradation of performances, mainly due to unuseful widgets. In clinical environments, a GUI must represent a sequence of steps for image investigation following a well-defined workflow. This paper proposes a software framework aimed at addressing the issues outlined before. Specifically, we designed a DICOM based mechanism of data-driven GUI generation, referring to the examined body part and imaging modality as well as to the medical image analysis task to perform. In this way, the self-configuring GUI is generated on-the-fly, so that just specific functionalities are active according to the current clinical scenario. Such a solution provides also a tight integration with the DICOM standard, which considers various aspects of the technology in medicine but does not address GUI specification issues. The proposed workflow is designed for diagnostic workstations with a local file system on an interchange media acting inside or outside the hospital ward. Accordingly, the DICOMDIR conceptual data model, defined by a hierarchical structure, is exploited and extended to include the GUI information thanks to a new Information Object Module (IOM), which reuses the DICOM information model. The proposed framework exploits the DICOM standard representing an enabling technology for an auto-consistent solution in medical diagnostic applications. In this paper we present a detailed description of the framework, its software design, and a proof-of-concept implementation as a suitable plug-in of the OsiriX imaging software. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The limitations of the enumerative nature of the Universal Decimal Classification (UDC) are compensated by the existence of the auxiliary tables, also known as facets, which provide flexibility to and enhance the expressiveness of the classification as a whole. Their use makes new notations possible through synthesis, avoiding as a result further subdividing and enumeration of concepts. This way, new compound numbers are created with a direct impact on the flexibility of the classificatory structure. The paper aims to focus on the UDC auxiliary tables and their contribution to improved expressiveness of the subjects represented by the UDC main class numbers. Our purpose is to demonstrate that despite the limitations of an analytico-synthetic classification system designed more than one hundred years ago, successive developments of the scheme along with the consistent updating of its functionalities enables it to be successfully used in modern information retrieval systems both from bibliographic and non-bibliographic domain. The impact of these features on subject retrieval are explored in the paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, uniaxial compression of nano/submicropillars in Au with the initial diameter D between 26.05 and 158.53 nm was modelled by concurrent atomistic-continuum simulations. Two models with distinct surface facets were employed to explore the surface facets-dependent extrinsic size effects on the plastic deformation of pillars. It is found that (i) the yielding in pillars with smooth surfaces was controlled by dislocation nucleation from the two ends of the pillars, and (ii) in pillars with faceted surfaces, dislocations were initiated from the sharp edges on the surface. As a result of the differences in the plastic deformation mechanism between the two models, the yield stress decreased exponentially and increased nearly linearly with respect to an increasing D in pillars with smooth and faceted surfaces, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present methods and results for the simulation of faceted and dendritic crystal growth. Using a thermodynamically realistic isothermal alloy model for AlSi we demonstrate, in confirmation of experimental observations, a change in morphology from perfectly faceted hexagons at smaller undercooling to dendritic growth at larger undercoolings. We also demonstrate that there exists a cut off temperature which separates the two distinct morphologies, and indeed hybrid morphologies. These results suggest that the mechanism for morphology variation observed experimentally primarily lies in anisotropic surface free energy modelling, which we adopt in preference to kinetic anisotropy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to present a faceted classification plan for the archival management of documents in the federal universities of Brazil. For this, was done a literature review on the archival management in Brazil, the types of classification plans and the theory of the Ranganathan faceted classification, through searches in databases in the areas of Librarianship and Archivology. It was identified the classification plan used in the Federal Institutions of Higher Education to represent the functional facet and created the structural classification plan to represent the structural facet. The two classification plans were inserted into a digital repository management system to give rise to the faceted classification plan. The system used was Tainacan, free software wordpress-based used in digital document management. The developed faceted classification plan allows the user to choose and even combine the way to look for the information that guarantees agreater efficiency in the information retrieval. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fiber-optic solar hybrid lighting for mobile application such as military shelters in remote areas is appealing since high initial costs of such systems appear to be justified. This paper addresses the aspect of two-stage optics for a fiber-optic solar lighting system for the mobile application. More specifically, the focus of this paper is on the design and development of a second stage or secondary concentrator. Two-stage optics offers a distinct advantage of higher sun angle tolerance and hence a low-accuracy tracker can be used for the mobile application. The objective of this study was to design and develop a secondary concentrator that yielded a minimized peak illuminance on the fiber-optic inlet and achieved uniformity, to avoid localized heat damage to the fiber inlet. In addition, the overall goal was to increase the lumen output from the two-stage optics. Specifications for the design of the two-stage concentrator were: (1) the primary stage concentrator was a 10-in. diameter Fresnel lens; (2) solar tolerance angle or the half-angle of acceptance was ±1.75°; (3) the fiber half-acceptance angle was ±40°; and (4) the fiber optic cable diameter was 0.5-in. Raytracing was used to determine the optimum geometry for the secondary lens. Among various geometries simulated included a conical secondary, a Compound Parabolic Concentrator (CPC), and a combination of conical and Compound Elliptical Concentrator (CEC). The analysis showed that a combination design comprising conical/CEC geometry was better than the conical and CPC geometries in terms of greatest overall light output and most reduced peak illuminance on the fiber optic cable. Prototype secondary lenses based on the design were fabricated from acrylic and optical silicones. Testing of the prototype lenses revealed that acrylic secondary performed better than the silicone lenses in terms of the measured lumen output. Testing also showed that the fiber-optic cable temperature was within the maximum operating temperature of acrylic and didn’t suffer any high temperature damage during the five month long outdoor testing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The interlinking of data across the web, a concept known as Linked Data, fosters opportunities in data sharing and reusability. However, it may also pose some challenges, which includes the absence of concept taxonomies by which to organize heterogeneous entities that are from different data sources and diverse domains. Learning T-Box (Terminology Box) from A-Box (Assertion Box) has been studied to provide users with concept taxonomies, and is considered a better solution than mapping Linked Data sets with published ontologies. Yet, the existing process of automatically generated taxonomies that classify entities in a particular manner can be improved. Thus, this study aims to automatically create a faceted taxonomy to organize heterogeneous entities, enabling varying classifications of entities by diverse sub-taxonomies, to support faceted search and navigation for linked data applications. The authors have developed a framework on which each facet represented by an object property is used to extract portions of data in the data space, and an Instance-based Concept Taxonomy generation algorithm is developed to build a sub-taxonomy. Additionally, the strategies for sub-taxonomy refinement are proposed. Two experiments have been conducted to prove the promising performances of the proposed method in terms of efficiency and effectiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper will look into different patterns of facet analysis used in the UDC schedules and how these affect the scheme presentation, the underlying data structure and the management of the classification scheme. From the very beginning, UDC was designed to represent the universe of knowledge as an integral whole allowing for subjects/concepts from all fields of knowledge to be combined, linked and the nature of their relationships made explicit. In Otlet's original design, the emphasis for his new type of classification was on the coordination of classmarks at the point of searching, i.e., post-coordination, which he firmly rooted in an expressive notational system. While some UDC classes exhibit various patterns of facet analytical theory proper, others, although used in an analytico-synthetic fashion, follow less canonical structural patterns. The authors highlight the lack of connection made throughout the various stages of UDC restructuring between: a) theoretical requirements of an overarching facet analytical theory as a founding principle guiding the construction of schedules; and, b) practical requirements for an analytico-synthetic classification in terms of notational presentation and data structure that enables its use in indexing and retrieval, as well as its management online. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Analytico-synthetic and faceted classifications, such as Universal Decimal Classification (UDC) provide facilities to express pre-coordinated subject statements using syntactic relations. In this case, the relevance, in the process of UDC-based information retrieval, can be determined by extracting the meaning of the classmarks as precisely as is possible. The central question here is how the identification mentioned above can be supported by automatic means and an analysis of the structure of complex classmarks appears to be an obvious requirement. Many bibliographic sources contain complex UDC classmarks which are stored as simple text strings and on which it is very difficult to perform any meaningful information discovery. The paper presents results from a phase of ongoing research focused on developing a new platform-independent, machine-processable data format capable of representing the whole syntactic structure of the composite UDC numbers to support their further automatic processing. An algorithm that can produce the representation of the numbers in such a format directly from their designations has also been developed and implemented. The research also includes implementing conversion methods to provide outputs that can be employed by other software directly and, as a service, make them available for other software. The paper provides an overview of the solutions developed and implemented since 2015 and outlines future research plans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article considers a particularly knotty aspect of classifying notated music: the classification of instrumental ensembles, where the term ensembles is defined as music written for multiple players with only one player per part. Facet analysis is used to examine this area of music classification and as the basis of a model for classifying ensembles. The conceptual analysis is aided by examples drawn from two classification schemes: British Catalogue of Music Classification (BCMC) and Flexible Classification. First, this exploration reveals that there are conceptually four sub-facets for classifying instrument ensembles, and that the omission of any of these sub-facets causes issues within classification schemes. Next, the different type of relationships between pairs of these subfacets is delineated, including hierarchical and associative relationships. The classification of ensembles is depicted in a novel way, as a series of inter-connected relationships between sub-facets. Finally, the article ascertains exactly what is being counted, including introducing potential extra sets of sub-facets pertaining to performers and hands. So, facet analysis helps to create a model for classifying instrumental ensembles which provides a novel solution to this historically problematic area of music classification, as well as suggesting a potentially generalizable new way of thinking about complex relationships between sub-facets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A description is provided of basic faceted classification, which involves combinations of foci across facets, where the foci within a facet are dependent (i.e., exclusive) and the foci across facets are independent (i.e., orthogonal). This is shown to be suitable for organizing the basic goods that Amazon, the online retailer, sells and for progressive filtering as a mode of search. However, on closer inspection, the Amazon case involves a sorted domain. This is problematic for basic faceted classification. Additionally, books from Amazon would typically carry subject classification, which also is difficult for basic faceted classification. It does not support filtering as a mode of search. Subject classification really requires relatively sophisticated linguistic and logical constructors and modifiers, such as adjectives, adverbs, functions, binary relations, and transitive verbs. These can be part of a synthetic subject classification scheme, but they pose a challenge for faceting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this paper is to detect if, how and what relations among concepts and bibliographic entities have been examined in the knowledge organisation system based on Colon Classification, and how these are represented within notations produced during the classification process. The aim is pursued through the review of tools to locate and represent concepts and their relations presented in the first part of the Colon Classification manual, and through the analysis of the meaning of the symbols used to this purpose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the mechanisms of facet nucleation through combining aero-engine manufacturer disc component test data with microstructure-sensitive crystal plasticity finite element (CPFE) models. Full-scale component testing has been carried out in a manner representative of in-service conditions. Elastic FE analyses of discs under these conditions and fully accounting for thermal and residual processing strains have also been carried out. Disc facet nucleation sites have been identified and the local stress states evaluated in order to establish crystal plasticity oligocrystal sub-models. The oligocrystal RVE models provide knowledge of hard-soft grain stresses under dwell loading, and the consequent load shedding in order to provide stresses required for the facet nucleation. The disc component facet observations together with the crystal plasticity sub-model oligocrystal approach provide persuasive evidence that a hard-soft grain combination is required for facet formation, that the remote stress state influences the resolved shear stress on the soft grain initiating slip (with tensile uniaxial stress state more damaging than a tension-tension biaxial stress state), and that the load shedding which results is essential in pushing up the hard-grain basal stress to nucleate facets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Online public catalogs have provided users with the option to conduct faceted searches for more than a decade. Although faceting is undoubtedly useful to the discovery process, the authors found that their system's default facet mapping was inadequate for their researchers' needs, particularly for the faceting of bibliographic formats, and librarians at their institution have worked extensively to revise this mapping. These revisions have relied on creating complex decision trees, which require the system to consult multiple fields and subfields in bibliographic records to assign more precise format facets. When their authority control vendor offered to add Resource Description and Access (RDA) coding to their bibliographic records, including the new Content, Media, and Carrier fields that describe formats with greater granularity than the General Material Designation, they questioned whether the new RDA coding might improve their public catalog's format faceting. They found that the limitations of the MARC format as a data encoding standard meant that the RDA coding was not appreciably more useful to the format faceting process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Implementation science seeks to promote the uptake of research and other evidence-based findings into practice, but for healthcare professionals, this is complex as practice draws on, in addition to scientific principles, rules of thumb and a store of practical wisdom acquired from a range of informational and experiential sources. The aims of this review were to identify sources of information and professional experiences encountered by healthcare workers and from this to build a classification system, for use in future observational studies, that describes influences on how healthcare professionals acquire and use information in their clinical practice.Methods: This was a mixed studies systematic review of observational studies.Data Sources: OVID MEDLINE and Embase and Google Scholar were searched using terms around information, knowledge or evidence and sharing, searching and utilisation combined with terms relating to healthcare groups.Eligibility: Studies were eligible if one of the intentions was to identify information or experiential encounters by healthcare workers.Data Extraction: Data was extracted by one author after piloting with another.Study Appraisal: Studies were assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT).Primary Outcome: The primary outcome extracted was the information source or professional experience encounter.Analysis: Similar encounters were grouped together as single constructs. Our synthesis involved a mixed approach using the top-down logic of the Bliss Bibliographic Classification System (BC2) to generate classification categories and a bottom-up approach to develop descriptive codes (or "facets") for each category, from the data. The generic terms of BC2 were customised by an iterative process of thematic content analysis. Facets were developed by using available theory and keeping in mind the pragmatic end use of the classification.Results: Eighty studies were included from which 178 discreet knowledge encounters were extracted. Six classification categories were developed: what information or experience was encountered; how was the information or experience encountered; what was the mode of encounter; from whom did the information originate or with whom was the experience; how many participants were there; and where did the encounter take place. For each of these categories, relevant descriptive facets were identified.Conclusions: We have sought to identify and classify all knowledge encounters, and we have developed a faceted description of key categories which will support richer descriptions and interrogations of knowledge encounters in healthcare research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. As knowledge organization systems are an important part of knowledge organization research, gaining deeper understanding of the knowledge organization system is imperative. This paper considers one specific type of knowledge organization system, classification schemes, and asks epistemological questions about our knowledge of them. Method. An original conceptual model is introduced and explained: the multiplane approach. This model is justified and enhanced using a specific aspect (faceting) of an example classification scheme (Dickinson Classification). Model. The multiplane approach separates out knowledge about classification schemes into four planes: the scheme itself; authorial description and analysis; external criticism and analysis; context and author background. The model is visualised using a tetrahedron, with a different plane of knowledge at each vertex. Results and discussion. Analysing Dickinson Classification demonstrates the value in isolating individual planes of knowledge and the importance of interactions between these planes. The multiplane approach unveils important new knowledge through highlighting a contrast between the faceted nature of Dickinson and the lack of faceting theory in the authorial background. Conclusion. The multiplane approach provides an original way to view classification schemes, which produces new information about the scheme. This conception produces new knowledge about classification schemes, organization of domains, and knowledge organization more generally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]