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Social media (SM) has profoundly changed the way people interact and exchange information. Social Media is now routinely used to access information on and make decisions about applicants as part of the selection process. In the United States, regulation of SM screening exists through a patchwork of state laws and varied corporate polices. When applicants are aware of these screenings, they often feel a violation of procedural justice. This article highlights the need for more consideration of applicant privacy surrounding social media in the selection process. It provides a review of the use of SM in the selection process and considers important theory derived from procedural justice, privacy, and ethics. The last section discusses the role federal level protections might provide to an otherwise disjointed and ambiguous landscape for job applicants. Keywords: job selection, procedural justice, social media, Social media (SM) use has grown dramatically over the past two decades. Social Media is used for many purposes including for applicants to search for jobs and employers to screen [...]

Indigenous languages in South Africa must be preserved to ensure that they do not lose their identity and become extinct. The four indigenous languages with the fewest speakers among South Africa's 12 official languages are: Xitsonga, Siswati, Tshivenḓa and isiNdebele. The preservation of these languages in South Africa has been a long-standing challenge because of various social and economic factors. With the advancement of technology, opportunities have arisen to preserve and promote the use of these languages. Therefore, this study explores various technological strategies that can be used to preserve the South African indigenous languages. These languages can be preserved by making them widely accessible to users through various strategies such as localisation of daily used technology, translation through crowdsourcing, digitisation and archiving. Digital learning tools such as machine translation (MT) and creating online dictionaries can also contribute to preserving these languages. Each of these strategies offers benefits on how technology could be employed effectively and facilitate the preservation of indigenous languages. This study demonstrates the significance of technology in preserving indigenous languages and promoting their use around the world. Contribution This study fills the practical gap in the use of technology to adequately preserve minority indigenous languages of South Africa, namely, Xitsonga, Siswati, Tshivenḓa and isiNdebele. These languages do not receive much attention in terms of preservation using technology in South Africa. Therefore, the study provides practical technological strategies that need to be implemented to preserve the indigenous minority languages. The insight of this study into the use of technology to preserve South African languages fits well within the scope of Literator, which is to publish studies in linguistics and literature with a special focus on South African languages. This publication will bring solutions to how minority languages could be preserved in the context of South Africa., Author(s): Respect Mlambo (corresponding author) [1]; Muzi Matfunjwa [1] Introduction South Africa is a multilingual country with 12 official languages namely, English, Afrikaans, Sepedi, Setswana, Sesotho, isiZulu, isiXhosa, Tshivena, Xitsonga, [...]

In the last decade a large number of public institutions, including intelligence services, make extensive use of social media to communicate with citizens. Much scholarly attention is paid to the benefits of online communication and the way governmental institutions presents themselves online. However, we know little about intelligence services and their presence on social media. This paper addresses this gap in literature and analyzes what kind of social networks European intelligence services prefer. The article is based on quantitative research of the social platforms used by the intelligence services of all 27 European Union Member States. The findings indicate that intelligence services are present in the social media environment to a different extent and the social platforms they choose to use are different. Keywords: intelligence services, social media, European Union., Introduction Social media started as a personal communication and entertainment tool used by individuals but has evolved as a popular marketing tool used by institutions and organizations. Social media includes [...]

'I use social media platforms to keep my company's customers informed and safe. As a large utility company, safety plays a critical role in our social media messaging. As a [...]

The purpose of this transcendental phenomenological study is to describe concerns of digital immigrant teachers concerning socially interactive technologies' influence on students at three high schools in Alabama. As the prevalence of social technologies is increasing, educators must understand how it is affecting students in order to instruct students and utilize technologies in an effective manner. Thus, a phenomenological study should inform teacher practitioners on how to address concerns and issues associated with socially interactive technologies in order to positively influence the learning environment. Ten teachers were selected from one private and two public high schools in Alabama. Data was collected through interviews, observations, and focus groups. Data was analyzed through transcendental analysis consisting of horizontalization, describing, classifying, and interpreting in order to develop themes; textural and structural descriptions were developed in order to determine the essence of the phenomenon. Findings included concerns of decreased communication skills, an increased need for instant gratification, a distraction to education, increased drama in the classroom, and decreased writing and spelling skills. Keywords: digital immigrants, digital natives, socially interactive technology (SIT), social media, socioculturalism/sociocultural psychology., Introduction This investigation seeks to describe digital immigrant teachers' concerns about the influence of SITs (socially interactive technologies) on students. Socially interactive technologies can be operationally defined as technologies including [...]

In this paper, we address the question of whether AI should be used for suicide prevention on social media data. We focus on algorithms that can identify persons with suicidal ideation based on their postings on social media platforms and investigate whether private companies like Facebook are justified in using these. To find out if that is the case, we start with providing two examples for AI-based means of suicide prevention in social media. Subsequently, we frame suicide prevention as an issue of beneficence, develop two fictional cases to explore the scope of the principle of beneficence and apply the lessons learned to Facebook's employment of AI for suicide prevention. We show that Facebook is neither acting under an obligation of beneficence nor acting meritoriously. This insight leads us to the general question of who is entitled to help. We conclude that private companies like Facebook can play an important role in suicide prevention, if they comply with specific rules which we derive from beneficence and autonomy as core principles of biomedical ethics. At the same time, public bodies have an obligation to create appropriate framework conditions for AI-based tools of suicide prevention. As an outlook we depict how cooperation between public and private institutions can make an important contribution to combating suicide and, in this way, put the principle of beneficence into practice., Author(s): Aurélie Halsband [sup.1], Bert Heinrichs [sup.2] [sup.3] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.10388.32, 0000 0001 2240 3300, German Reference Centre for Ethics in the Life Sciences (DRZE), Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, , [...]

The present research tested the mediating roles of positive feedback and relational certainty in the relation between active social networking site use and life satisfaction. A survey research method was adopted in which four anonymous questionnaires, Inventory of active social networking site use, Positive Feedback Scale, Relational Certainty Scale as well as Life Satisfaction Scale, were completed by 742 senior middle school students. Results indicated that active social networking site use could not only predict life satisfaction positively through the mediating role of positive feedback, but also through the mediating role of relational certainty. The sequential mediating role of positive feedback and relational certainty could also be found in the complex mechanism of active social networking site use on life satisfaction. These results shed light on the importance of active social networking site use and positive feedback for adolescent adjustment., Author(s): Shuai-Lei Lian [sup.1] [sup.2], Xiao-Jun Sun [sup.1] [sup.2], Xiu-juan Yang [sup.1] [sup.2], Zong-Kui Zhou [sup.1] [sup.2] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.419897.a, 0000 0004 0369 313X, Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology [...]

Although prior studies have to some extent clarified the mechanism underlying the development of social media burnout, the present study contributes to the literature by showing how social media addiction contributes to this phenomenon. Chinese university students (N = 519) completed self-report questionnaires on social media addiction, social media burnout, envy, and social media use anxiety. The results showed that addiction, envy, and social media use anxiety were all significant predictors of burnout. Moreover, envy and social media use anxiety mediated the relationship between social media addiction and burnout, both in parallel and as a pair in series. Considering the negative effect of social media burnout such as depression, the findings may provide new path to understand the detrimental of excessive use of social media toward corresponding psychological outcomes., Author(s): Chang Liu [sup.1], Jianling Ma [sup.2] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.449845.0, 0000 0004 1757 5011, Yangtze Normal University, , JuXian Road, FuLing District, 408100, Chongqing, China (2) grid.411587.e, 0000 0001 [...]

As a unique group of people, Rotumans make up less than two percent of Fiji's population, and as a minority Indigenous ethnic group in Fiji, they have remained relatively hidden and silent in political affairs. Outmigration from the island has led to more than 80 percent of Rotumans residing outside of Rotuma. In recent times, the Rotuman diaspora has heavily relied on the use of ICTs and new media technologies as crucial tools for the reinvigoration of Rottuma's culture. This in itself poses an intriguing paradox as internet connectivity on Rotuma is quite limited. However, social media platforms have been increasingly used by Rotumans outside of Rotuma, and have enabled increased connectivity and greater dissemination of information among the Rotuman diaspora. Recently, the primary purpose of such social media groups has evolved from merely being a tool for rekindling familial ties, to being a platform for political discourse on Rotuman issues. In essence, despite the scattered nature of the Rotuman population, digital technologies are offering Rotumans the affordance of being able to inform and educate themselves and their networks on political issues of Rotuman interest. By employing ethnography and netnography principles and through in-person and online engagement with Rotumans within and outside of Rotuma, this article examines the affordances that digital technologies offer Rotumans concerning national political discourse. This is carried out with a specific focus on the 2018 general elections in Fiji. Keywords: Fiji, digital affordances, digital diaspora, digital divide, elections, ethnography, freedom of expression, Indigenous, Rotuma, social media, Introduction ROTUMA is an island that is part of the Republic of Fiji, and Rotumans are a minority Indigenous ethnic group with a unique culture and history. As a minority [...]

A growing body of literature finds a positive relationship between Internet use and political participation. These studies, however, produce conflicting results. Furthermore, few studies, examine how uses of the Internet influence different forms of political participation over multiple elections. In response, this article argues the Internet is a medium allowing for the development of civic skills through virtual-group membership. We argue not all Internet uses will have the same, if any, effect on specific forms of political participation. After providing findings that Internet use itself does not influence political participation, we develop a resource model to explain how uses of the Internet influence forms of political participation. Following the Civic Voluntarism Model (CVM), and using nationally representative post-election data, we find social uses of the Internet increase the likelihood of individuals to engage in time-based political acts during the 2008 and 2010 elections. These particular uses of the Internet, however, have minimal effects on the likelihood of voting. These findings support the theory that particular uses of the Internet produce a specific set of skills. Key Words: Political participation, Internet, social media, voting, volunteering, Civic Voluntarism Model, Acknowledgements: The author thanks Paul M. Collins, Jr., Elizabeth A. Oldmixon, Ramesh Sharma, Ronald J. McGauvran, Sean P. Ostruszka, and seminar participants at the University of North Texas for their [...]

Although the Internet has become the essence of communication, from an advertiser's perspective digital advertising remains underexplored. This paper examines the effects of digital media buying efforts on advertisers in Bosnia and Herzegovina, while looking into the methodology of digital media usage behind the actual effects. A combination of secondary research analysis and qualitative research techniques was used. The empirical part is based on in-depth interviews with advertisers and representatives from the digital advertising industry. Perceptions and knowledge of digital advertising are the key drivers for a successful implementation of digital media buying, and advertisers in Bosnia and Herzegovina are aware of its most distinctive qualities. The success of the media buying campaigns relies on brand objectives and choosing the means suited for fulfilling the given goals, which in turn leads to the findings that the focus of companies' strategies is directed towards the cost-efficient medium usage, rather than solely performance-oriented ones. Measurement of the effects and return on the investment depends on the success of setting up a goal and isolating digital from other marketing efforts. Key words: digital advertising, media buying, CPC (Cost per Click), Bosnia and Herzegovina Sažetak. Iako Internet postaje kljucnim aspektom komunikacije, iz perspektive oglašivaca, digitalno oglašavanje ostaje nedovoljno istraženo. U ovom se radu analiziraju efekti zakupa digitalnih medija na oglašivace u Bosni i Hercegovini, uz proucavanje metodologije korištenja digitalnih medija, koja ne uzima u obzir samo tekuce efekte. Pritom se koristi kombinacija analize sekundarnih rezultata istraživanja s kvalitativnim istraživackim tehnikama. Empirijski dio rada temelji se na dubinskim intervjuima s oglašivacima i predstavnicima industrije digitalnog oglašavanja. Percepcije i poznavanje digitalnog oglašavanja kljucni su pokretaci uspješne primjene zakupa digitalnih medija, a navedenog su svjesni i oglašivaci iz Bosne i Hercegovine. Uspješnost medijskih kampanja oslanja se na ciljeve tržišne marke te izbor sredstava, prilagodenih za njihovu realizaciju, što, nadalje, dovodi do saznanja o fokusu strategija poduzeca prema troškovno efikasnom korištenja medija, umjesto iskljucivog usmjerenja prema ciljevima. Mjerenje efekata i povrata na investiciju ovisi o uspješnosti postavljanja ciljeva te izdvajanja digitalnog marketinga od ostalih marketinških napora. Kljucne rijeci: digitalno oglašavanje, zakup medija, trošak po kliku, Bosna i Hercegovina, 1. INTRODUCTION The Internet has become the essence of communication. Considering that, it is clear why online media is a playground where a brand's image, reputation, and existence are built. [...]