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Made available in DSpace on 2019-10-04T12:40:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2019-07-01 Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) While ectothermic organisms often experience considerable circadian variation in body temperature under natural conditions, the study of the effects of temperature on metabolic rates are traditionally based on subjecting animals to constant temperature regimes. Whether data resulting from constant-temperature experiments accurately predicts temperature effects under more natural fluctuating temperature regimes remains uncertain. To address such possibility, we measured the resting metabolic rates of the South American rattlesnakes (Crotalus durissus) under constant and circadian fluctuating thermal regimes in a range of temperatures. Metabolic rates measured at constant 20 degrees C and 25 degrees C did not differ from the rates measured at fluctuating regimes with corresponding mean temperatures. However, the difference between thermal regimes increased with temperature, with the metabolic rate measured at constant 30 degrees C being greater than that measured at the fluctuating thermal regime with corresponding mean temperature. Therefore, our results indicate that thermal regime effects on rattlesnakes' metabolism is dependent on temperature range. Broadly, our results highlight the importance of considering multi-factorial attributes of temperature variation in the exam of its effects over functional traits. Such approach provides a more solid support for inferences about temperature effects on the life history, ecology and conservation of ectothermic organisms. Univ Estadual Paulista, Inst Biociencias, Dept Zool, BR-13506900 Sao Paulo, Brazil CNRS, Ctr Etud Biol Chize, F-79360 Villiers En Bois, France Univ Estadual Paulista, Inst Biociencias, Dept Zool, BR-13506900 Sao Paulo, Brazil CNPq: 117469/2014-9 CNPq: 306811/2015 FAPESP: 12/15697-4 FAPESP: 13/04190-9

Under the Amazon Third Way paradigm and its implementation strategy Amazon 4.0 the Amazon Creative Labs (ACL) were conceived, as a tool for training and for testing proposed concepts. Amazon 4.0 is an attempt to show that it is possible to achieve a stage of high human development combined with valuing of tropical forest through knowledge. This study demonstrates how to add value to value chains of the immense Amazon biodiversity and how to enable Amazonian populations to master bio-industrialization technologies of forest assets. The following example deals with the potential to develop bio-industries in the value chain of two forest products with high potential: cupuaçu and cocoa through the development of the so-called ACL. This will serve as an important experiment to guide several proposals being elaborated by the Scientific Panel for the Amazon.

Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-10T19:42:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2019-11-01 Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Ectothermic organisms often experience considerable variation in their body temperature throughout the circadian cycle. However, studies focusing on the measurement of physiological traits are usually performed under constant temperature regimes. This mismatch between thermal exposure in the field and experimental conditions could act as a stressor agent, as physiological functions are strongly influenced by temperature. Herein, we asked the question whether constant thermal regimes would cause a stress response and impact the immunity of the South American rattlesnake (Crotalus durissus) when compared with a fluctuating thermal regime. We addressed this question by determining heterophil:lymphocyte (H:L) ratio, plasma bacteria-killing ability (BKA) and corticosterone (CORT) levels in snakes kept under a constant temperature regime at 30 degrees C, and under a fluctuating regime that oscillated between 25 degrees C at night and 35 degrees C during the day. The experiments had a mirrored design, in which half of the snakes were subjected to a fluctuating-to-constant treatment, while the other half was exposed to a constant-to-fluctuating treatment. The shift from constant to fluctuating thermal regime was accompanied by an increase in plasma CORT levels, indicating the activation of a stress response. Exposure to a fluctuating thermal regime at the onset of the experiments induced a decrease in the BKA of rattlesnakes. H:L ratio was not affected by treatments and, therefore, the shift between thermal regimes seems to have acted as a low-intensity stressor. Our results suggest that removal from temperatures close to the snake's preferred body temperature triggers a stress response in rattlesnakes. Univ Estadual Paulista, Inst Biociencias, Dept Zool, BR-13506900 Rio Claro, SP, Brazil Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Biociencias, Dept Fisiol, BR-05508900 Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Inst Biociencias, Dept Zool, BR-13506900 Rio Claro, SP, Brazil CNPq: 134635/2016-7 CNPq: 306811/2015 CNPq: 302308/2016-4 FAPESP: 014/16320-7

Submitted by Ailton Fabrício Neto (afabrineto@hotmail.com) on 2018-10-31T17:42:06Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_AILTON_Fabrício_Neto_Versão_Final.pdf: 1308456 bytes, checksum: 2b6865540d2156e34afa204ac0d2e781 (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Aparecida Puerta null (dripuerta@rc.unesp.br) on 2018-10-31T18:54:16Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 fabricio-neto_a_me_rcla_par.pdf: 977310 bytes, checksum: 680b1c66d19b4effad7ed096cc2f0738 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2018-10-31T18:54:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 fabricio-neto_a_me_rcla_par.pdf: 977310 bytes, checksum: 680b1c66d19b4effad7ed096cc2f0738 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-10-26 Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Animais ectotérmicos têm suas funções fisiológicas fortemente influenciadas pela temperatura. Por exemplo, taxas metabólicas e de crescimento destes animais podem ser afetadas pela temperatura corpórea. Estudos com foco na medição de taxas metabólicas em serpentes, por exemplo, geralmente são realizados através da submissão dos animais a regimes constantes de temperatura. No entanto, ectotérmicos (serpentes inclusas) são conhecidos por apresentarem variações amplas de sua temperatura corpórea ao longo do ciclo circadiano. Esta discordância entre biologia termal e condições experimentais poderia funcionar como um potencial agente estressor para os ectotérmicos, o que poderia comprometer os resultados e interpretações de estudos, pois um aumento nos níveis de glucocorticóides pode afetar diversos atributos de vertebrados, como taxas metabólicas e resposta imune. O presente estudo testou os efeitos de diferentes regimes térmicos, constante e flutuante, ao longo do ciclo circadiano sobre indicadores de estresse em cascavéis (Crotalus durissus). Para tanto, um grupo de animais foi exposto ao tratamento constante-flutuante, composto por um regime constante de temperatura (30°C) seguido por um flutuante (25°C, 1800 às 0600h; 35°C, 0600h às 1800h, média de 30°C); o segundo grupo foi submetido ao tratamento flutuante-constante, composto por um regime flutuante e, após, o constante. Os animais foram expostos aos tratamentos por um período de 24 dias, sendo que no 12° dia ocorreu a mudança de regime termal. Efetuamos coletas de sangue nos dias 2, 10, 14 e 22 para medição da taxa heterófilo:linfócito (H:L), capacidade bactericida do plasma (CBP) e níveis plasmáticos de corticosterona (CORT). A mudança entre o regime termal constante e o flutuante agiu como um agente estressor para as serpentes, causando um aumento nos níveis plasmáticos de CORT. A exposição a um regime flutuante no início do experimento causou uma diminuição na CBP das cascavéis que persistiu por todo o experimento, e machos também apresentaram maior CBP do que fêmeas. H:L não foi afetada por nenhuma das variáveis independentes, portanto é possível que a mudança entre regimes termais agiu como um estressor de baixa intensidade. Nossos resultados demonstram que mudanças agudas em regimes termais podem causar uma resposta ao estresse em serpentes, mesmo após longos tempos de manutenção em cativeiro. Ectothermic animals have their physiological functions closely related to temperature. For example, metabolic and growth rates of these animals may be affected by body temperature. Studies focusing on the measurement of metabolic rates in snakes, for example, are usually performed by subjecting animals to constant temperature regimes. However, ectotherms (snakes included) are known to exhibit wide variations in their body temperature throughout the circadian cycle. This disagreement between thermal biology and experimental conditions could act as a potential stressor agent for ectotherms. The present study tested the effects of different thermal regimes, constant and fluctuating, throughout the circadian cycle on stress indicators in rattlesnakes (Crotalus durissus). A group of animals was exposed to the constant-to-fluctuating treatment, composed by a constant temperature regime (30°C) followed by a fluctuating regime (25°C, 1800 to 0600h, 35°C, 0600h to 1800h, mean 30°C); the second group was subjected to the fluctuating-to-constant treatment, composed of a fluctuating regime and, after, the constant. The animals were exposed to the treatments for a period of 24 days, and on the 12th day the change of thermal regime occurred. We collected blood samples on days 2, 10, 14 and 22 to measure heterophil:lymphocyte ratio (H:L), plasma bacteria killing ability (BKA) and corticosterone plasmatic levels (CORT). The shift between constant and fluctuating thermal regime acted as an acute stressor for snakes, promoting an increase in plasma CORT levels. Exposure to a fluctuating thermal regime at the onset of the experiment induced a decrease in the BKA of rattlesnakes that persists for the whole experiment, and males also present higher levels of BKA than females. H:L was not affected by any of the treatments, therefore it is possible to postulate that the shift between constant and fluctuating thermal regimes acted as a low intensity stressor. Our results highlight that acute shifts in thermal regimes can promote a stress response in snakes, even after long times of maintenance in captivity. FAPESP: 2014/16320-7. CNPq: 134635/2016-7.

Pseudoaneurysms of the medial plantar artery are rare. The authors describe a case of a pseudoaneurysm of the medial plantar artery of a child who had suffered a penetrating laceration injury. Diagnosis can be confirmed using Doppler ultrasound and magnetic resonance angiography. As an alternative to the conventional surgery technique, percutaneous Doppler ultrasound-guided thrombin injection is a safe and effective treatment. O pseudoaneurisma da artéria plantar medial é raro. Os autores relatam um caso de pseudoaneurisma da artéria plantar medial após lesão perfurocortante em criança. O diagnóstico pode ser confirmado por ultrassom com Doppler e angiorressonância magnética. Em contraponto à técnica cirúrgica convencional, o tratamento pode ser feito de maneira efetiva e segura com a injeção percutânea de trombina assistida pelo ultrassom com Doppler.

Pseudoaneurysms of the medial plantar artery are rare. The authors describe a case of a pseudoaneurysm of the medial plantar artery of a child who had suffered a penetrating laceration injury. Diagnosis can be confirmed using Doppler ultrasound and magnetic resonance angiography. As an alternative to the conventional surgery technique, percutaneous Doppler ultrasound-guided thrombin injection is a safe and effective treatment.