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A saracura-carijó Pardirallus maculatus possui uma distribuição ampla e disjunta na América Central e América do Sul, ocorrendo em todas as regiões do Brasil. No estado de São Paulo, sudeste do país, os registros são escassos, e estão espalhados entre interior e litoral. Com isso, apresentamos aqui o primeiro registro documentado dessa espécie para o município de Bertioga, litoral de São Paulo. Uma ave adulta foi encontrada no dia 9 de outubro de 2020, em uma área urbana, sendo resgatada e solta no mesmo dia em uma área natural no Sesc Bertioga. Essa ave apareceu após uma forte tempestade, e sua ocorrência pode ter relação com isso, ou poderia estar fazendo algum deslocamento regional, comportamento já observado em outros ralídeos. Devido ao baixo número de registros desta espécie para o litoral paulista, este relato pode ajudar a entender melhor sua ocorrência nesta região do estado de São Paulo, contribuindo com sua conservação.

Migratory birds are implicated in dispersing haemosporidian parasites over great geographic distances. However, their role in sharing these vector-transmitted blood parasites with resident avian host species along their migration flyway is not well understood. We studied avian haemosporidian parasites in 10 localities where Chilean Elaenia, a long-distance Neotropical austral migrant species, spends part of its annual cycle to determine local parasite transmission among resident sympatric host species in the elaenia's distributional range across South America. We sampled 371 Chilean Elaenias and 1,818 birds representing 243 additional sympatric species from Brazilian wintering grounds to Argentinian breeding grounds. The 23 haemosporidian lineages found in Chilean Elaenias exhibited considerable variation in distribution, specialization, and turnover across the 10 avian communities in South America. Parasite lineage dissimilarity increased with geographic distance, and infection probability byParahaemoproteusdecreased in localities harbouring a more diverse haemosporidian fauna. Furthermore, blood smears from migrating Chilean Elaenias and local resident avian host species did not contain infective stages ofLeucocytozoon, suggesting that transmission did not take place in the Brazilian stopover site. Our analyses confirm that this Neotropical austral migrant connects avian host communities and transports haemosporidian parasites along its distributional range in South America. However, the lack of transmissive stages at stopover site and the infrequent parasite lineage sharing between migratory host populations and residents at breeding and wintering grounds suggest that Chilean Elaenias do not play a significant role in dispersing haemosporidian parasites, nor do they influence local transmission across South America.

Brazil is home to many mountain ranges which harbor diverse avifauna. However, studies on the altitudinal distribution of Brazilian birds are still few and many have never been published, hampering both the dissemination of basic information and conservation actions. Here we present a critical review of ornithological studies undertaken in Brazilian mountain ranges, and propose a classification of geographic scope, altitudinal gradient, and methodology. Since 1922, 184 ornithological studies included altitude in some way in Brazil, encompassing a variety of research topics and species. About a quarter of these studies were never published in peer-reviewed journals, and 39% do not provide basic data on elevation nor link the bird species with sampling plots, thus limiting their applicability. The majority of studies are concentrated (83%) in southern and southeastern Brazil, especially in the Serra do Mar range, and so most data are associated with the Atlantic Forest. Gaps remain in other regions, such as Amazonia (Pantepui region). Most studies either did not sample the entire elevation gradient, were not standardized, lacked explicit hypothesis, or did not account for a seasonal sampling embracing the four seasons of the year, so interpretation of the observed patterns remains difficult. With this compilation, we organize the available information and point to future altitudinal research on birds, in addition to highlighting the importance of preserving habitats along altitudinal gradients in the mountainous regions in Brazil.

Birds’ seasonal altitudinal movements in Brazil are poorly understood. The main source of information and has fostered interest since the 1980s. However, most of the available information is anecdotal, sources are repeatedly cited, and the information provided is quite superficial and speculative. Through bibliographic searches, we found 107 studies, 83 (77%) of which we consider valid, and only 63 (59%) were peer-reviewed. Most studies were carried out in southern and southeastern Brazil. Only 11 studies explicitly addressed seasonal altitudinal movements. Surprisingly, none of the studies simultaneously comprised a full year of study, standardized sampling methods, and encompassed the entire altitudinal range through which the birds might have moved. As a consequence, the quality of the data is questionable, and the expression “altitudinal migration” is unlikely to be accurate and has never been unequivocally demonstrated for birds in Brazil. Mention of “altitudinal migration” was found for 68 bird species, but these must be more clearly defined and appropriately tested.

The Conopophagidae family has only one report of predation of small vertebrates, being an anuran observed for the genus Conopophaga. Here, we present a record of predation on a small anuran amphibian by Conopophaga melanops. The record was made in 2008 in a Southeast Brazil. A recently dead individual of Fritziana mitus, with several lesions on its body, was observed next to an adult female of C. melanops captured in a mist net. We found only two records of predation of small vertebrates by C. melanops, being an anuran and a lizard. The three available records occurred during the reproductive period of C. melanops, indicating that the prey may serve as a resource to feed the young. This type of behavior, as well as the predator-prey relationship, should be better investigated in the field, especially in the Atlantic Forest, region with a high bird and frog diversity.

Secondary contact between species often results in the formation of a hybrid zone, with the eventual fates of the hybridizing species dependent on evolutionary and ecological forces. We examine this process in the Amazon Basin by conducting the first genomic and phenotypic characterization of the hybrid zone formed after secondary contact between two obligate army-ant-followers: the White-breasted Antbird (Rhegmatorhina hoffmannsi) and the Harlequin Antbird (Rhegmatorhina berlepschi). We found a major geographic displacement (∼120 km) between the mitochondrial and nuclear clines, and we explore potential hypotheses for the displacement, including sampling error, genetic drift, and asymmetric cytonuclear incompatibilities. We cannot exclude roles for sampling error and genetic drift in contributing to the discordance; however, the data suggest expansion and unidirectional introgression of hoffmannsi into the distribution of berlepschi.

The Rufous-fronted Thornbird (Furnariidae) is widespread in South America. It has a very characteristic nest, formed by a large cluster of dry sticks, suspended in a tree branch. Exceptionally, some couples build nests that escape this pattern, varying their structure and/or support. Based on field data and online databases, we describe in more detail some of these variations and quantify their occurrence. The data obtained show that atypical nests represent only 1.4% of total nests recorded on databases, but despite the rarity, they are widespread within the complex, both in geographic and taxonomic terms, being probably an ancestral trait of the group. The recurrent use of Cecropia Trees and structures of the electrical network to support atypical nests may be related to some advantage due to the presence of symbiotic ants in these trees and/or the absence of trees suitable for the construction of standard nests. However, current data does not allow explicitly testing such hypotheses.

Host phylogenetic relatedness and ecological similarity are thought to contribute to parasite community assembly and infection rates. However, recent landscape level anthropogenic changes may disrupt host-parasite systems by impacting functional and phylogenetic diversity of host communities. We examined whether changes in host functional and phylogenetic diversity, forest cover, and minimum temperature influence the prevalence, diversity, and distributions of avian haemosporidian parasites (genera Haemoproteus and Plasmodium) across 18 avian communities in the Atlantic Forest. To explore spatial patterns in avian haemosporidian prevalence and taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity, we surveyed 2241 individuals belonging to 233 avian species across a deforestation gradient. Mean prevalence and parasite diversity varied considerably across avian communities and parasites responded differently to host attributes and anthropogenic changes. Avian malaria prevalence (termed herein as an infection caused by Plasmodium parasites) was higher in deforested sites, and both Plasmodium prevalence and taxonomic diversity were negatively related to host functional diversity. Increased diversity of avian hosts increased local taxonomic diversity of Plasmodium lineages but decreased phylogenetic diversity of this parasite genus. Temperature and host phylogenetic diversity did not influence prevalence and diversity of haemosporidian parasites. Variation in the diversity of avian host traits that promote parasite encounter and vector exposure (host functional diversity) partially explained the variation in avian malaria prevalence and diversity. Recent anthropogenic landscape transformation (reduced proportion of native forest cover) had a major influence on avian malaria occurrence across the Atlantic Forest. This suggests that, for Plasmodium, host phylogenetic diversity was not a biotic filter to parasite transmission as prevalence was largely explained by host ecological attributes and recent anthropogenic factors. Our results demonstrate that, similar to human malaria and other vector-transmitted pathogens, prevalence of avian malaria parasites will likely increase with deforestation.

“Anti-predator distraction” display behavior is well known for birds of the families Charadriidae and Scolopacidae, but it is also performed by Neotropical forest birds of the family Conopophagidae. Nevertheless, this information is rarely mentioned in compilations on the subject and in reference works. Thus, in order to make such information available, we present a compilation of published data and a documented field record of “anti-predator distraction” display behavior for the family Conopophagidae. Data were obtained through bibliographical research and searches in online ornithological data platforms. We found 12 studies with reports of this behavior for the family Conopophagidae, all of which were for the genus Conopophaga. The field record was obtained in a natural area located near the city of São Paulo in Southeast Brazil. An adult male Rufous Gnateater, Conopophaga lineata, was observed and documented performing a “broken-wing” display behavior to protect a young hatchling. The performance of “anti-predator distraction” by most species of the genus Conopophaga may be associated with high rates of nest or fledgling predation, or even be an inheritance from already extinct ancestral groups. Even though it is an apparently common behavior for this genus, there is still no specific study on “anti-predator distraction” display behavior of Neotropical forest birds, which represents a significant information gap. It is important to better understand this type of behavior and protect the natural areas were these birds of the family Conopophagidae occur.

An updated version of the checklist of birds of Brazil is presented, along with a summary of the changes approved by the Brazilian Ornithological Records Committee's Taxonomy Subcommittee since the first edition, published in 2015. In total, 1971 bird species occurring in Brazil are supported by documentary evidence and are admitted to the Primary List, 4.3% more than in the previous edition. Eleven additional species are known only from undocumented records (Secondary List). For each species on the Primary List, status of occurrence in the country is provided and, in the case of polytypic species, the respective subspecies present in Brazilian territory are listed. Explanatory notes cover taxonomic changes, nomenclatural corrections, new occurrences, and other changes implemented since the last edition. Ninety species are added to the Primary List as a result of species descriptions, new occurrences, taxonomic splits, and transfers from the Secondary List due to the availability of documentation. In contrast, eight species are synonymized or assigned subspecific status and thus removed from the Primary List. In all, 293 species are endemic to Brazil, ranked third among the countries with the highest rate of bird endemism. The Brazilian avifauna currently consists of 1742 residents or breeding migrants, 126 seasonal non-breeding visitors, and 103 vagrants. The category of vagrants showed the greatest increase (56%) compared to the previous list, mainly due to new occurrences documented in recent years by citizen scientists. The list updates the diversity, systematics, taxonomy, scientific and vernacular nomenclature, and occurrence status of birds in Brazil.

Altitudinal migration in birds comprises seasonal movements between breeding and non-breeding areas in mountainous regions, attributed to biotic and abiotic factors. Different authors have suggested the existence of altitudinal migration between high and low areas of the mountains of the Atlantic Forest, with movement from high to low during the winter when birds would be fleeing the cold and in search of food, but there is no documented evidence. Through recaptures of understory birds, we investigated possible altitudinal migration in a region of the Atlantic Forest in Southeast Brazil. Twenty mist-nets were set at four locations between 15 and 729 m a.s.l. during 143 days of field work, distributed over 54 months and covering all seasons of the year. A total of 1946 birds (98 species) were captured/banded with 558 being recaptured (28.6%; 45 species). However, only 42 of the recaptures were at a different elevation. Most of the movements were of short distances and performed only once by birds, showing no seasonal pattern. These movements may be better interpreted as daily movements undertaken by birds of mixed-species flocks looking for food or moving around their respective home-ranges. Our results show that mist-nets may not be an effective tool in detecting altitudinal movements of birds and that other methods should be evaluated for this purpose.

Aim: Macroecological analyses provide valuable insights into factors that influence how parasites are distributed across space and among hosts. Amid large uncertainties that arise when generalizing from local and regional findings, hierarchical approaches applied to global datasets are required to determine whether drivers of parasite infection patterns vary across scales. We assessed global patterns of haemosporidian infections across a broad diversity of avian host clades and zoogeographical realms to depict hotspots of prevalence and to identify possible underlying drivers. Location: Global. Time period: 1994–2019. Major taxa studied: Avian haemosporidian parasites (genera Plasmodium, Haemoproteus, Leucocytozoon and Parahaemoproteus). Methods: We amalgamated infection data from 53,669 individual birds representing 2,445 species world-wide. Spatio-phylogenetic hierarchical Bayesian models were built to disentangle potential landscape, climatic and biotic drivers of infection probability while accounting for spatial context and avian host phylogenetic relationships. Results: Idiosyncratic responses of the three most common haemosporidian genera to climate, habitat, host relatedness and host ecological traits indicated marked variation in host infection rates from local to global scales. Notably, host ecological drivers, such as migration distance for Plasmodium and Parahaemoproteus, exhibited predominantly varying or even opposite effects on infection rates across regions, whereas climatic effects on infection rates were more consistent across realms. Moreover, infections in some low-prevalence realms were disproportionately concentrated in a few local hotspots, suggesting that regional-scale variation in habitat and microclimate might influence transmission, in addition to global drivers. Main conclusions: Our hierarchical global analysis supports regional-scale findings showing the synergistic effects of landscape, climate and host ecological traits on parasite transmission for a cosmopolitan and diverse group of avian parasites. Our results underscore the need to account for such interactions, in addition to possible variation in drivers across regions, to produce the robust inference required to predict changes in infection risk under future scenarios.

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-29T08:29:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-06-01 Four species of pumpkin toadlets are currently recognized by the extreme condition of hyperossification in the skull and vertebral column within the genus Brachycephalus. In addition to their larger body size, relative to other congeneric species, Brachycephalus darkside, Brachycephalus ephippium, Brachycephalus garbeanus, and Brachycephalus margaritatus share remarkable osteological features, such as the large paravertebral plates forming an ornamented dorsal bone shield, visible through the integument. We add to the current knowledge of this group by analyzing its diversity and describing a new hyperossified species from some important Atlantic Forest remnants in southeastern Brazil, including those bordering São Paulo, the largest and most populous city in South America. The new species is diagnosed by a combination of morphological, osteological, and bioacoustic characters, with further evidence of mtDNA sequences to confirm its distinction from the other congeners. The parotic and paravertebral bone plates externally bordered with a rough and pale contour can readily distinguish the new species from the other hyperossified species within Brachycephalus. The new species is widely distributed along the Serra do Mar mountain range, including the regionally named Serra de Paranapiacaba, in elevations from 700 to 1000 m above sea level (a.s.l.), in the central coast of the state of São Paulo, southeastern Brazil. We discuss valuable morphological characters within this group of species, reinforce the need for further studies, and highlight the relevance of protected areas for biodiversity conservation in metropolitan regions. Instituto Nacional da Mata Atlântica (INMA) Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Instituto de Biociências Departamento de Biodiversidade e Centro de Aquicultura (CAUNESP) Fundacao Para A Conservacao e A Producao Florestal Do Estado de Sao Paulo Parque Estadual da Serra Do Mar Núcleo São Sebastião Laboratório de Coleções Zoológicas Instituto Butantan Comitê Brasileiro de Registros Ornitológicos Www.cbro.org.br Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Instituto de Ciências Biológicas Laboratório de Herpetologia Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Instituto de Biociências Departamento de Biodiversidade e Centro de Aquicultura (CAUNESP)

Determining the prevalence and local transmission dynamics of parasitic organisms are necessary to understand the ability of parasites to persist in host populations and disperse across regions, yet local transmission dynamics, diversity, and distribution of haemosporidian parasites remain poorly understood. We studied the prevalence, diversity, and distributions of avian haemosporidian parasites of the genera Plasmodium, Haemoproteus, and Leucocytozoon among resident and migratory birds in Serra do Mar, Brazil. Using 399 blood samples from 66 Atlantic Forest bird species, we determined the prevalence and molecular diversity of these pathogens across avian host species and described a new species of Haemoproteus. Our molecular and morphological study also revealed that migratory species were infected more than residents. However, vector infective stages (gametocytes) of Leucocytozoon spp., the most prevalent parasites found in the most abundant migrating host species in Serra do Mar (Elaenia albiceps), were not seen in blood films of local birds suggesting that this long-distance Austral migrant can disperse Leucocytozoon parasite lineages from Patagonia to the Atlantic Forest, but lineage sharing among resident species and local transmission cannot occur in this part of Brazil. Our study demonstrates that migratory species may harbor a higher diversity and prevalence of parasites than resident species, but transportation of some parasites by migratory hosts may not always affect local transmission.

Determining the prevalence and local transmission dynamics of parasitic organisms are necessary to understand the ability of parasites to persist in host populations and disperse across regions, yet local transmission dynamics, diversity, and distribution of haemosporidian parasites remain poorly understood. We studied the prevalence, diversity, and distributions of avian haemosporidian parasites of the genera Plasmodium, Haemoproteus, and Leucocytozoon among resident and migratory birds in Serra do Mar, Brazil. Using 399 blood samples from 66 Atlantic Forest bird species, we determined the prevalence and molecular diversity of these pathogens across avian host species and described a new species of Haemoproteus. Our molecular and morphological study also revealed that migratory species were infected more than residents. However, vector infective stages (gametocytes) of Leucocytozoon spp., the most prevalent parasites found in the most abundant migrating host species in Serra do Mar (Elaenia albiceps), were not seen in blood films of local birds suggesting that this long-distance Austral migrant can disperse Leucocytozoon parasite lineages from Patagonia to the Atlantic Forest, but lineage sharing among resident species and local transmission cannot occur in this part of Brazil. Our study demonstrates that migratory species may harbor a higher diversity and prevalence of parasites than resident species, but transportation of some parasites by migratory hosts may not always affect local transmission.

The northern portion of the Serra do Mar mountains in the state of Sao Paulo, near the border with the state of Rio de Janeiro, including a portion of the Rio Paraiba Valley, ranges between 450 and 1900 m a.s.l. in altitude and is composed of submontane and montane Atlantic Forest. It is unique in that the ornithological knowledge of the region can be traced back to the 19th century. Here we present a compilation of historical and recent data, including intensive field work undertaken between 1989 and 2015 in nine natural areas as well as the Bananal Ecological Station (BES), the only protected area in the region. A total of 371 bird species were recorded in the Bananal region and can be separated into two main bird communities, those of the higher Serra de Bananal and those of the lowlands of the Paraiba Valley. These are typical of the avifauna of the mountainous regions of the Serra do Mar and the Paraiba Valley, respectively. Of the above species, 23 lacked any recent records with a single possible extinction, 257 were recorded in the BES, 111 are endemic to the Atlantic Forest and 15 are listed as threatened. Despite its small size compared to other protected areas in the Serra do Mar, the BES and its surrounding areas have well preserved regional characteristics and are highlighted as an important area for bird conservation in the northern portion of the Serra do Mar in Sao Paulo.

A família Hirundinidae apresenta uma ampla distribuição ao redor do mundo, com táxons exclusivos de algumas regiões, como a andorinha-do-rio (Tachycineta alviventer), endêmica da América do Sul e Caribe. Essa espécie ocorre em todo o Brasil, incluindo o estado de São Paulo, mas sua presença na Região Metropolitana de São Paulo (RMSP), onde se encontra a maior área urbana da América do Sul, ainda não foi detectada. Com base neste cenário, apresentamos uma revisão dos registros históricos e a primeira detecção de campo documentada dessa espécie para a RMSP. Foram consultados dados da literatura, museus de história natural e plataformas ornitológicas online, sendo possível obter apenas seis registros históricos, produzidos entre 1999 e 2015. O registro documentado de campo foi feito em junho de 2021, no Parque Ecológico do Tietê, na área urbana da cidade de São Paulo. O baixo número de registros de T. albiventer para a RMSP (7) mostram se tratar de uma espécie incomum, que vem utilizando reservatórios hídricos artificiais ocasionalmente nos últimos 22 anos. Essa presença ocasional pode estar relacionada a ausência de rios de médio e grande porte na RMSP e no seu entorno direto, sendo um comportamento diferente de outras espécies de andorinhas que ocupam o mesmo tipo de habitat. Essa questão merece uma investigação mais ampla e os ambientes úmidos da Região Metropolitana de São Paulo precisam de uma proteção legal emergencial, pois apresentam uma alta riqueza de espécies de aves.

Clytoctantes atrogularis Lanyon, Stotz and Willard, 1990 (Thamnophilidae) is one of the most mysterious and poorly known birds of the Neotropics. Endemic to Amazonian Brazil, it was known only from the holotype and two sight records at the type locality in Rondonia, and a sighting of a pair with a recording on the Sucunduri River in Amazonas. Here we review the distribution and report five new records in the states of Mato Grosso, Amazonas, and Rondonia, considerably increasing the known range of the species. We present the first detailed descriptions of males, for which the plumage was previously unknown. The records presented herein were made in terra firme forest with understories dominated by Lepidocaryum palms and also with sparse Guadua spp. of bamboo, demonstrating that the bird species occurs in habitats other than those previously described. Stomach contents of six individuals included mostly ants and their eggs, possibly obtained by opening stems of Guadua spp. The high rate of deforestation that characterizes a large part of the range of C. atrogularis could be causing declines in local populations.

South American dry forests have a complex and poorly understood biogeographic history. Based on the fragmented distribution of many Neotropical dry forest species, it has been suggested that this biome was more widely distributed and contiguous under drier climate conditions in the Pleistocene. To test this scenario, known as the Pleistocene Arc Hypothesis, we studied the phylogeography of the Rufous-fronted Thornbird (Phacellodomus rufifrons), a widespread dry forest bird with a disjunct distribution closely matching that of the biome itself. We sequenced mtDNA and used ddRADseq to sample 7,167 genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphisms from 74 P. rufifrons individuals across its range. We found low genetic differentiation over two prominent geographic breaks - particularly across a 1,000 km gap between populations in Bolivia and Northern Peru. Using demographic analyses of the joint site frequency spectrum, we found evidence of recent divergence without subsequent gene flow across those breaks. By contrast, parapatric morphologically distinct populations in northeastern Brazil show high genetic divergence with evidence of recent gene flow. These results, in combination with our paleoclimate species distribution modelling, support the idea that currently disjunct patches of dry forest were more connected in the recent past, probably during the Middle and Late Pleistocene. This notion fits the major predictions of the Pleistocene Arc Hypothesis and illustrates the importance of comprehensive genomic and geographic sampling for examining biogeographic and evolutionary questions in complex ecosystems like Neotropical dry forests.

O conhecimento científico produzido sobre padrões altitudinais de riqueza, composição e deslocamentos sazonais das aves das montanhas do Brasil encontra-se desorganizado, sendo ignorado ou subestimado pelas compilações globais. Isso faz com que informações produzidas por estudos antigos e com pouca preocupação metodológica sejam esquecidas ou consideradas como as referências únicas válidas, impedindo o avanço do conhecimento e prejudicando ações efetivas de conservação. Os principais exemplos de interpretações enviesadas são regiões montanhosas tidas como carentes de dados ornitológicos básicos; a ampla divulgação do padrão de riqueza altitudinal \"Declínio monotônico\" como o único existente, e a presença de migrantes altitudinais. Com base neste contexto, realizamos uma ampla revisão sobre os estudos ornitológicos produzidos em regiões montanhosas do Brasil, incluindo abordagens altitudinais sobre riqueza, composição e deslocamentos sazonais, juntamente com um estudo de campo de longo prazo (16 anos) em uma região da Serra do Mar do sudeste do Brasil, com o propósito de testar parte das hipóteses disponíveis na literatura. Os resultados obtidos mostram que a região estudada (Curucutu) foi subestimada quanto ao seu conhecimento ornitológico básico em decorrência da falta de divulgação apropriada dos dados históricos existentes, que quando somados aos dados atuais de campo, mostram que essa região é uma das mais ricas em espécies de aves da Serra do Mar. O resgate histórico-científico da literatura, mostrou a existência de número significativo de estudos ornitológicos realizados nas regiões montanhosas do Brasil e que mencionam indícios de possíveis deslocamentos altitudinais sazonais das aves no país, demonstrando que as compilações globais não consideraram este conhecimento. No entanto, as revisões deixam claro que a maior parte do conhecimento existente sobre estas áreas é baseada em estudos com desenhos amostrais inadequados, gerando informações pouco confiáveis, como a ocorrência de migrações altitudinais no país. Um dos resultados mais surpreendentes revelou que a Serra do Mar não apresenta exclusivamente o padrão \"Declínio monotônico\" para riqueza altitudinal total de espécies, mas padrões variados como \"Uniforme\" e \"Aumento monotônico\", contrariando toda a literatura existente. Isso é possível pelo fato da Serra do Mar ser uma encosta e não apresentar redução de área com a altitude (tal como acontece com montanhas típicas), proporcionando a presença de diferentes perfis altitudinais e ambientes variados, que vão influenciar principalmente os padrões altitudinais de riqueza das espécies endêmicas e ameaçadas de extinção. Outro resultado importante obtido em campo foi a ausência de deslocamentos altitudinais sazonais realizados por parte da comunidade de aves da região do Curucutu, questão investigada através de recapturas altitudinais de aves marcadas, mostrando que a ocorrência deste fenômeno biológico não parece ser tão comum como relatada historicamente, sendo necessário novas abordagens baseadas no uso de métodos tecnológicos de rastreamento das aves, gerando dados mais confiáveis. Estes resultados mostram a importância das revisões temáticas e dos estudos de campo de longo prazo no avanço de diferentes áreas do conhecimento ornitológico, sendo ações que devem ser constantemente incentivadas, ainda mais em tempos de mudanças climáticas. O estudo de longo prazo realizado na região do Curucutu é um dos poucos deste tipo existentes na Serra do Mar, contribuindo com a produção de dados básicos sobre as aves da Mata Atlântica, ações efetivas de conservação e a capacitação de pesquisadores com anilhamento de aves silvestres The scientific knowledge produced on altitudinal patterns of bird species richness, composition and seasonal movements in Brazilian mountains is disorganized, being ignored or underestimated in global compilations. This causes information produced by old studies and with little concern on the sampling methods to be forgotten or else considered as the only valid references, hampering the advance of knowledge and impairing effective conservation actions. The main examples of the biased interpretations on the theme are: mountain regions mistaken as lacking basic ornithological data; the widespread dissemination of the altitudinal richness pattern \"Monotonic decrease\" as the only existing one; and the ocurrence of altitudinal migrant birds. Based on this context, we have conducted a broad review of ornithological studies in mountain regions of Brazil, including approaches on altitudinal richness, composition and seasonal movements, together with a long-term field study (16 years) in a region of the Serra do Mar, southeastern Brazil, aiming to test some of the hypotheses available in the literature. Our results show that the study area (Curucutu) was underestimated as to its basic ornithological knowledge due to the lack of proper publication of the existing historical data, which, when added to the current field data, show that this region is one of the most species-rich in the Serra do Mar. The historical-scientific review of the literature showed a significant number of ornithological studies carried out in the mountain regions of Brazil and which mention evidence of possible seasonal altitudinal movements of birds, therefore demonstrating that global compilations have overlooked this knowledge. However, the review also makes clear that most of the existing knowledge about these areas is based on studies with inadequate sampling design, generating unreliable information, such as the occurrence of altitudinal migration of birds in the country. One of the most surprising results revealed that Serra do Mar does not exclusively present the \"monotonic decrease\" pattern for altitudinal richness of species, but showed also patterns such as \"uniform\" and \"monotonic increase\", contrary to the existing literature. These different patterns may be due to the Serra do Mar being a slope, without a reduction in the area with an increase of altitude (as with typical mountains), thus providing different altitudinal profiles and varied habitats, which will influence mainly the altitudinal patterns of species richness for endemic and endangered bird species. Another important result from the field study was the absence of seasonal altitudinal movements by the bird community of the Curucutu region, an issue investigated through recaptures of banded birds, showing that the occurrence of this biological phenomenon does not seem to be as common as reported historically, and requiring new approaches such as tracking methods for birds to generate more reliable data. These results show the importance of thematic reviews and long-term field studies for the advance of different areas of ornithological knowledge, an approach that should be constantly encouraged, even more in a time of climate change. The long-term study conducted in the Curucutu region is one of the few of this kind in the Serra do Mar, contributing to the production of basic data on Atlantic Forest birds, effective conservation actions, and training researchers to work with banding of wild birds

The municipality of Caceres. Mato Grosso state, Brazil, lies in a contact zone between three semi-arid to arid ecoregions: the Chiquitano Dry Forests, the Cerrado and the Pantanal. In spite of being one of the best sampled non-forest sites for birds in Brazil, with thousands of specimens collected, no paper to date has ever compiled the information available for the region. In this paper, we present a checklist of the avifauna of Caceres, gathering the historical data available together with our own unpublished observations during a series of expeditions to the region. During our fieldwork we recorded 374 species to the region. The analysis of literature data and museum specimens rises to 446 the number of species ever recorded in the municipality, 362 (81.2%) of which were documented with specimens. This is by far the highest bird species richness recorded for a non-forest site in Brazil.

The Atlantic Forest in eastern South America harbors 849 bird species, of which 216 are endemic and 122 threatened with extinction. It is also one of the 25 biodiversity hotspots recognize...

Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-12T17:28:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2017. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2018-11-12T17:36:01Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S1984-46702017000100309.pdf: 3250536 bytes, checksum: 4333e8e56132d2bc2496715bb3a81790 (MD5) ABSTRACT Stretching for more than 10,000 ha in the Metropolitan Area of São Paulo, southeastern Brazil, Serra da Cantareira comprises the largest native urban rainforest in the World, harboring a rich and diverse Atlantic Forest avifauna. Despite its closeness to major urban areas, few bird surveys have been conducted there. In this article we present an updated compilation of all bird species recorded for Serra da Cantareira, including personal records from the authors. A total of 326 species have been recorded for Serra da Cantareira since 1901; of these, nine have not been sighted there for the last two decades. The number of bird species endemic to the Atlantic Forest is high (80), and seven of its species are globally threatened. According to multivariate analyses the species diversity at Serra da Cantareira is similar to other regions of the Atlantic Forest, such as Carlos Botelho and Intervales state parks, where the vegetation is also ombrophilous dense forest. We discuss local changes in the avifaunal composition over the last decades and suggest the incorporation of large forest remnants to the Cantareira State Park to mitigate the impact of the northern section of Rodoanel Mário Covas, a highway (SP-21) that will soon be operational and will negatively impact the biodiversity of Serra da Cantareira. Universidade Estadual Paulista Departamento de Ecologia Lousiana State University Museum of Natural Science Unaffiliated BirdLife SAVE Brasil Universidade de São Paulo Instituto de Biociências Departamento de Zoologia Universidade de São Paulo Museu de Zoologia Universidade Estadual Paulista Departamento de Ecologia

As a part of a taxonomic study of the Penelope superciliaris complex, we noticed that two names are available for the population which occurs on the left margin of the Tapajós River, in Amazonian Brazil, which, in life, possesses a bright-blue face. The type locality of Penelope superciliares [sic] cyanosparius Nardelli, 1993, described by Nardelli (1993) based on living specimens, is not far from the type locality of P. s. pseudonyma Neumann, 1933. We collected new specimens across this region and, after a reexamination of the material used by Neumann (1933) to describe P. s. pseudonyma, we conclude that Penelope superciliaris pseudonyma is the oldest available name for the blue-faced guans restricted to the Madeira-Tapajós interfluvium, and P. superciliares [sic] cyanosparius Nardelli, 1993 must be treated as a junior synonym.

Description of Nystalus obamai.

A Estação Ecológica Serra Geral do Tocantins (EESGT) é uma das maiores Unidades de Conservação dentro do Bioma Cerrado. A avifauna desta UC foi inventariada entre os dias 25 de janeiro e 15 de fevereiro de 2008. Durante esse trabalho buscou-se amostrar os diferentes hábitats encontrados na EESGT, bem como algumas localidades no entorno. Além de registros auditivos e visuais foram utilizadas redes-de-neblina e armas de fogo para coletas de material testemunho, que se encontra depositado na coleção ornitológica do Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo (MZUSP). Os resultados obtidos foram comparados com os dados disponíveis para outras unidades de conservação presentes na região. Foram registradas 254 espécies de aves, incluindo 11 endêmicas do Cerrado e outras três ameaçadas de extinção (Taoniscus nanus, Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus e Procnias averano). Três indivíduos pertencentes ao gênero Picumnus foram coletados; estes apresentam um distinto padrão de plumagem e de vocalização, podendo representar um táxon ainda não descrito. The Estação Ecológica Serra Geral do Tocantins is one of the largest conservation units in Cerrado Biome. The avifauna of this locality was studied from January 25 to 15 February, 2008. We attempted to sample the different habitats found both within the EESGT as in its surroundings. In addition to audio and visual records, mist nets and shotguns were used to collect testimony material, which was deposited in the ornithological collection of the Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo (MZUSP). The results were compared with data available from other conservation units nearby the EESGT. We recorded 254 bird species; among these 11 were considered endemic to the Cerrado region and other three considered threatened (Taoniscus nanus, Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus and Procnias averano). Three individuals belonging to the Picumnus genus also were collected; they presented unusual plumage and vocalization patterns, which suggests an undescribed taxon.

Paroaria dominicana, Saltator similis, Sporophila frontalis and Cyanoloxia brissonii are bird species severely exploited by the illegal wildlife trade in Brazil. As part of an effort to characterize the genetic populations within each species to infer the most likely population of origin of seized animals, four microsatellite enriched genomic libraries were constructed and cross amplification of selected primers was tested for all four species. Eight polymorphic loci were selected for P. dominicana with mean observed and expected heterozigosities (mean Ho and He) of 0.750 and 0.768 respectively. Nine were selected for S. similis with mean Ho and He of 0.688 and 0.760. Seven for C. brissonii with mean Ho and He of 0.805 and 0.811. Three loci for S. frontalis with mean Ho and He of 0.851 and 0.903. These markers will be useful for population studies and for the development of paternity tests to be used by commercial breeders.

Since 2005, the Brazilian Ornithological Records Committee (CBRO) has published updated checklists of Brazilian birds almost every year. Herein, we present a completely new and annotated version of our checklist. For the first time, we list all bird subspecies known from Brazil that are currently accepted by at least one key ornithological reference work. The inclusion of the subspecies should be seen as a synthesis, and not as a taxonomic endorsement. As such, we include in the new checklist 1919 avian species, 910 of which are treated as polytypic in reference works (2042 subspecies), totaling 3051 taxa at the species and subspecies level. We anticipate that several of the subspecies included in our list may be subject to future taxonomic upgrades to species status, while others will probably be shown to be invalid in the light of future taxonomic studies. The results highlight Brazil as a megadiverse country and reinforce the need for proper enforcement of political tools, laws and international commitments assumed by the country to preserve its biodiversity. © 2015, Sociedade Brasileira de Ornitologia. All rights reserved.

Since 2005, the Brazilian Ornithological Records Committee (CBRO) has published updated checklists of Brazilian birds almost every year. Herein, we present a completely new and annotated version of our checklist. For the first time, we list all bird subspecies known from Brazil that are currently accepted by at least one key ornithological reference work. The inclusion of the subspecies should be seen as a synthesis, and not as a taxonomic endorsement. As such, we include in the new checklist 1919 avian species, 910 of which are treated as polytypic in reference works (2042 subspecies), totaling 3051 taxa at the species and subspecies level. We anticipate that several of the subspecies included in our list may be subject to future taxonomic upgrades to species status, while others will probably be shown to be invalid in the light of future taxonomic studies. The results highlight Brazil as a megadiverse country and reinforce the need for proper enforcement of political tools, laws and international commitments assumed by the country to preserve its biodiversity.